Short tours on February 23. The most famous attractions

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Russia is a country in two parts of the world, a state whose territory covers the sandy Baltic spit and the rocky islands of Chukotka, stretches from the northern Arctic latitudes to the subtropics. Russia has unimaginable wealth - cultural and historical heritage, protected forests and untouched spaces. The elegant streets of St. Petersburg and the architectural monuments of Kaliningrad compete with the architecture of ancient cities - multi-domed churches and merchant houses, and the beaches of the Black Sea coast compete with the northern forests of Karelia and the ridges of the Ural Mountains.

Geography

Russia is the largest country on our planet by area, occupying 17.1 million square kilometers. The state is located in Eurasia and covers both parts of the continent. About a third of Russia's territory is located in Eastern Europe, and the rest belongs to northern Asia. Russian shores are washed by the waters of 12 seas belonging to the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the waters of the endorheic Caspian Sea.

Russia lies on large platforms, so its topography is predominantly flat. In the west of the country stretches the undulating Central Russian Plain, separated by the ridge of the Ural Mountains from the Siberian Plateau. In the south of Russia there are the Caucasus mountain systems with highest point countries - Mount Elbrus, Sayan and Altai. In the Far East, the peaks of extinct and active volcanoes soar upward.

There are about 2.5 million rivers and 3 million lakes in Russia. Most rivers are flat in nature, but there are also turbulent mountain rivers in Russia with rocky, rapids beds. The country's largest rivers are the Ob, Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei and Volga. The lake region of Russia is Karelia, where the largest lakes in Europe are located - Ladoga and Onega, in Eastern Siberia The deepest lake on the planet is located - Baikal.

The flora of Russia - the velvet of mosses and lichens in the taiga tundra, coniferous forests encircling glacial lakes Karelia, oak forests and birch groves, feather grass and fescue steppes, broad-leaved Far Eastern forests, subtropical flora on the Black Sea coast. Nature protection zones have been created in Russia, 42 operate national parks, 71 reserves.

Climate

The territory of Russia covers several climatic zones: Arctic and subarctic on the shores of the Arctic Ocean and in the northern regions, temperate, subtropical on the Black Sea coast. However, most of the country is characterized by a climate of temperate latitudes: continental, temperate continental, sharply continental and monsoon in the Far East.

In general, Russia has a long, snowy and cold winter. Depending on the region, average January temperatures range from 6 to −50 °C. Summer in most of Russia is moderately warm with an average temperature from 1 °C in the northern regions to 25 °C in Black Sea coast.

Time

The territory of Russia covers 11 time zones:

Kaliningrad time - MSK−1 (UTC+2)
Moscow time - MSK (UTC+3)
Samara time - MSK+1 (UTC+4)
Ekaterinburg time - MSK+2 (UTC+5)
Omsk time - MSK+3 (UTC+6)
Krasnoyarsk time - MSK+4 (UTC+7)
Irkutsk time - MSK+5 (UTC+8)
Yakut time - MSK+6 (UTC+9)
Vladivostok time - MSK+7 (UTC+10)
Central Kolyma time - MSK+8 (UTC+11)
Kamchatka time - MSK+9 (UTC+12)

Language

Official language of Russia: Russian. Subjects of the Russian Federation have the right to establish state and official languages ​​used on an equal basis with Russian. The most common foreign languages ​​in Russia are Ukrainian, Belarusian and German. English language widely used in business and tourism as a means of international communication, mainly in large cities.

Population

The population of Russia is 142 million people. About 80% of the population are Russians. In total, representatives of more than 200 nationalities and nationalities live in the country.

Currency

Official currency: ruble (RUB).

Customs regulations

Undeclared import and export of currency is limited to an amount equivalent to 10,000USD. Duty-free import goods for personal consumption are limited - alcohol and cigarettes: a liter of alcohol, up to 50 cigars or cigarillos, or 200 cigarettes, or 250 grams of tobacco, as well as goods and things for personal use: clothing, toiletries, jewelry, photographic and film equipment.

Jewelry, artistic and cultural values, works of art, psychotropic and potent medicinal substances, ammunition and weapons are subject to mandatory declaration.

Connection

Services in Russia cellular communication are provided by more than a hundred operators, the largest of which are the so-called “Big Three” - mobile operators MTS, Megafon and Beeline. The remaining companies have a significantly smaller number of clients and provide services in certain regions. SIM cards from the Big Three operators can be purchased everywhere - in stores, mobile phone stores, and post offices.

Russia's telephone code is +7.

To call Russia on a mobile phone, dial +7-subscriber number***

Mains voltage

Mains voltage 220 volts.

Tourism

Russia has opportunities for any type of tourism. The rich historical heritage contributed to the creation excursion routes and educational tours, the long Black Sea coast is a traditional region of beach and active rest, are developing rapidly ski resorts Russia. One of the main types of tourism in the country is health tourism. Over the centuries, a system of resort treatment has developed in Russia - at the sources mineral waters, therapeutic mud, sanatoriums and spa hotels operate in places with a favorable climate.

Traditions/peculiarities. Russia has preserved many customs and traditions that go back centuries. Every spring in large cities and very small settlements they say goodbye to winter on a grand scale - they bake pancakes and burn a straw effigy of Maslenitsa, in the summer in the villages they celebrate Ivan Kupala Day, but most importantly winter holiday is New Year.

One of the main features of the Russian people was and remains hospitality, which is most manifested in the feast. A traditional Russian meal includes first, second and third courses - soups and stews, baked poultry or meat, all kinds of baked goods - pies and pies. Dishes of national cuisine are presented in all their richness in restaurants. Daily cabbage soup, roast, sbitni and tinctures are served in the best establishments.

Safety

The safety of tourists in Russia is ensured by the forces of law and order. Since June 2014, tourist police units began operating in a number of regions, patrolling busy areas. pedestrian streets, squares and parks.

In general, Russia is a safe country for tourists. However, to prevent unpleasant incidents, you should adhere to standard rules safety - do not leave personal belongings unattended, do not carry a wallet in the back pocket of your trousers or in an easily accessible place, beware of deserted and unlit places in dark time days, do not use the services of unofficial taxi drivers, do not change currency from private individuals.

Documentation

The list of documents required during vacation includes:

  • Russian passport
  • travel package or voucher
  • health insurance policy
  • if you plan to rent a car you must have a driver's license

If a tourist will relax in a sanatorium-resort institution and receive medical procedures, then a sanatorium-resort book is required, which can be obtained from a general practitioner.

Children accompanied by adults must have a birth certificate or passport, medical insurance.

Important phone numbers

Emergency numbers in Russia:

  • Fire Service - 01
  • Police - 02
  • Ambulance - 03
  • Unified 24/7 helpline when calling from a mobile phone – 112

Tourism

The choice of tourist destinations in Russia is wider than anywhere else. Peculiarities geographical location and historical development allowed the formation of resort regions in the country, which are characterized by one or another type of recreation.

Beach holiday. There are many resorts in Russia offering a comfortable holiday on the sea coast. The traditional region of beach tourism in our country is the Krasnodar Territory. It is here that the summer capital of Russia is located - Sochi, the famous resorts of Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Adler, and the resort of Yeisk, located on the coast of the Azov Sea.

Beach holidays are offered by Crimean resorts. Sanatoriums, resort hotels, private and public beaches stretch along the entire coast of the peninsula. The main destinations are Alushta, Evpatoria, Kerch, Koktebel, Saki, Sevastopol, Sudak, Feodosia, Yalta, the villages of Kurortnoye, Nikolaevka, Peschanoe and Shchelkino.

Sanatorium treatment carried out in almost all regions of Russia. At sources of mineral waters, medicinal mud, in places with favorable climatic conditions There are sanatoriums, resorts and medical centers. The most famous balneological resorts in the country are Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk.

Rich tradition of application natural factors formed in Crimea, especially in Saki and Yevpatoria, where the first mud resorts opened. Spa treatment is carried out on the coast Krasnodar region, in Moscow, Ryazan, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Tver and Tula regions, in the Urals. In the northern and northwestern regions of the country there are medical resorts Marcial Waters, Sestroretsk, Svetlogorsk and Zelenogradsk; the largest resort in Siberia is Belokurikha.

Excursion tours in Moscow, the Golden Ring of Russia, Pskov, Uglich, Veliky Novgorod, Vologda and Nizhny Novgorod allow travelers to get acquainted with the historical heritage of ancient Russian cities - ancient temples with gilded domes, ancient fortresses and castles, city mansions and merchant houses. Dozens of excursion routes run through the territory of Kazan, St. Petersburg and its environs - Peterhof, Lomonosov and Kronstadt. Educational tourism in Crimea involves visiting royal palaces, nature reserves and cave cities.

Ski tourism in Russia is experiencing rapid growth. The country has large mountain systems and modern ski resorts. IN Krasnodar region on the slopes of the Main Caucasian ridge The Krasnaya Polyana resort is located. The level of service and modern infrastructure of Krasnaya Polyana during the winter Olympic Games appreciated by tourists and athletes from all over the world. The resort has the most modern equipment, pistes of various levels with a total length of 72 km, ski villages with comfortable hotels.

Among the high mountain resorts of Russia ski holiday offer complexes in Dombay and the Elbrus region, Abzakovo-Bannoye in the Urals. Each of the resorts has the necessary infrastructure and comfortable accommodation conditions.

Weekend tours. Most popular destinations for weekend holidays are the cities of the Moscow region, the surrounding area major cities in different regions of the country. Short stay programs are offered by tourist centers, sanatoriums, spa hotels and hotels.

Children's holiday. Traditionally, summer health camps for children are located on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory - in Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse and Sochi, in Crimea - in the resorts of Evpatoria and Yalta, in the village of Peschanoye. Children's sanatoriums and camps are available in different regions of the country - Moscow, Kaluga, Leningrad and Rostov regions.

Leisure. There are many places in Russia where you can indulge in sports, active pastime, and extreme tourism. Baikal attracts not only with its natural beauty, but also with the possibility of hiking, underwater diving hunting and fishing, ATV riding, cycling and horseback riding.

In the warm season, trekking, horseback riding, and rafting on mountain rivers are organized for tourists at resorts Gorny Altai, in Dombay and Krasnaya Polyana. In Crimea there are opportunities for mountaineering and hang gliding, mountain climbing, trekking, horseback riding, diving, and sea fishing. Active recreational activities in the north include sleigh rides, dog sledding and reindeer sledding. Conditions for active activities - hunting, fishing, hiking, cycling and horse riding - are available in Central Russia.

Visa

For visiting Russian Federation Citizens of most countries are required to obtain a national visa. Visa-free entry for a period not exceeding 90 days is allowed to citizens of the CIS countries (except Turkmenistan), Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and a number of countries South America, a number of Balkan countries.

The basis for obtaining a Russian visa for foreign tourists is an Invitation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation or from travel company, which is included in the Federal Register of Tour Operators, which gives it the right to provide visa support to foreigners.

The most famous attractions

  • The Moscow Kremlin is the oldest territory of the capital, with an area of ​​27.5 hectares. In 1367 The Kremlin was surrounded by a brick wall. On the territory there are the Arkhangelsk, Annunciation, Assumption Cathedrals, the Faceted Chamber, the Senate, Terem Palace, Tsar Bell, Tsar Cannon.
  • The Tretyakov Gallery was founded in 1856. This is the largest museum in the world, where unique paintings by masters of the 10th-20th centuries are collected.


  • The Hermitage is the largest museum in the world, founded by Catherine the Great in the 18th century. The museum exhibits paintings by world-famous artists. In total, more than 3 million valuables are exhibited on the territory of the museum.
  • Saint Isaac's Cathedral built in the 19th century by O. Montferrand - an outstanding monument of St. Petersburg. Its external architecture is also impressive, interior decoration, which presents all types of art - mosaic, painting, sculpture. The main iconostasis is decorated with lapis lazuli and malachite columns.
  • Tsarskoe Selo is a nature reserve in Pushkino, includes a large park and architectural ensemble of the 18th-19th centuries, the country residence of the emperors. The museum is located on 107 hectares, consists of the Catherine Park, the Old Garden, English Park, Catherine Palace, Memorial Museum, Hermitage Pavilion, etc.
  • Peter-Pavel's Fortress– located on Hare Island, the oldest monument in St. Petersburg. Within the boundaries of the museum there is the Commandant's House, the city museum, the Grand Ducal Burial Vault, Botny, the Engineering House, prison buildings, bastions, and the Peter and Paul Cathedral.
  • The Russian Museum was opened in 1895 by Nicholas II. Within the walls of the building there is a rich exhibition of artistic treasures and a restoration center.
  • Yusupov Palace is a beautiful architectural monument of the 18th-19th centuries. Guests of the palace were Queen Elizabeth II of England, the King of Greece, the Queen of Norway and other dignitaries. The building was built by I. Monighetti, J.B. Valen-Delamont, the Shuvalovs, Branitskys, Yusupovs lived in it.
  • Palace and park ensemble Peterhof is a beautiful monument located not far from St. Petersburg, founded in the 18th century. On the territory there are Lower and Upper parks, Grand Palace, the largest system of fountains, water cascades, elegant sculptural compositions, bas-reliefs.


  • Pshadsky waterfall is a unique natural structure. Located on the river. Pshada consists of a whole cascade of small waterfalls.
  • The ruins of the old city of Gorgypia show ancient ruins from the 4th century BC. The ancient foundations and cobbled streets have been preserved here. On the territory there is a large archaeological museum, where you can see the crypt of Hercules, monuments to Mother Mary, and the “Russian Gate” - the remains of a Turkish fortress.
  • The city's local history museum is located in the Shchetnev gymnasium. Visitors are offered an interesting exhibition about the fauna, flora of Anapa, and the history of the Bosporan kingdom.


  • The Arboretum is the largest botanical park, a kind of museum located under open air. The park presents unique examples of the flora of the Western Caucasus, as well as many southern states located closer to the equator.
  • Vorontsov caves are the largest underground agglomeration with a height difference of 240m. Some cavities are filled with water, and narrow passages sometimes make it difficult to navigate. In some sections of the caves there are ancient sites of primitive people.
  • Sochi Art Museum is a major art center. The building displays paintings by Polenov, Aivazovsky, Shishkin, and exhibitions of contemporary masters are regularly held.
  • Swallow's Nest is a famous historical and architectural monument located on the Aurora rock, rising 40 meters above the sea. The building is made in the style of a medieval knight's palace. The palace acquired its current appearance thanks to Baron Steingel.
  • Vorontsov Palace located in Alupka, built from diabase, in the adjacent territory there is beautiful park. The style of the palace combines English and neo-Mauritanian styles.
  • Livadia Palace is the imperial residence. The castle was built in the Italian light style in the 19th century. Counts the most luxurious palace Crimea, is the venue for the Yalta Conference.
  • Mount Ai-Petri is located on a plateau, has flat top. The height is 1234 m. The mountain is considered a symbol South Coast Crimea.
  • Nikitsky Botanical Garden– a research institution working in the field of botany and fruit growing. There are several parks here - Montedor, Primorsky, Verkhniy, which contain a rich collection of plants brought from all over the world. This is the oldest botanical park in the world, which has interesting architectural structures.
  • Masandra Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that served as the residence of Alexander the Third. The building was rebuilt in the 19th century in the style of French medieval castles. In the surrounding area there is a magnificent park, which features more than 250 species of shrubs and trees.
  • House A.P. Chekhov is a memorial museum opened in honor of the writer in Yalta. The house has preserved all the furnishings of those times; Chekhov readings with the participation of foreign guests are often held there, and excursions are held.


Gurzuf

  • House of Richelieu - erected in 1811 by the Duke of Richelieu in the form of a two-story stone building in European style. The Duke rarely came here on vacation, and more often provided the estate to his acquaintances. Pushkin, the Raevskys and other well-known personalities were here.
  • Korovin's dacha is the home of an outstanding painter who worked in Gurzuf for a long time. A beautiful building with clear geometric proportions in the constructivist style.
  • The watchtower is located on Cape Suuk-Su; it existed in the 6th century, when Byzantine legionnaires came to the land. The monument is often called the Tower of Geria or the Eagle's Nest.
  • Admiralty Cathedral in honor of St. Vladimir is located on the Central Hill, considered the greatest Orthodox monument of the 19th century. The building has one massive dome, emphasizing the Byzantine architecture of the 9th-11th centuries. Instead of icons, there are marble slabs in the interior halls.
  • Malakhov Kurgan is a grandiose monument, where there is a 19th century Defense Tower, a museum of the Heroic Defense and Liberation of the City, memorial plaques made of cast iron, cannons, and a beautiful park.
  • Chersonesos is the oldest monument of Sevastopol, the ruins of an ancient Greek town of the ancient era, in which Vladimir of Kiev adopted Christianity.
  • Military historical Museum in honor of black sea fleet– is considered the oldest of its kind in the world. Opened in 1869, located in the most beautiful building, presents a valuable exhibition dedicated to the morals and life of the Russian fleet from the tsarist era to the present day.
  • Genoese fortress with interesting name Chembalo is located at a height above Balaklava Bay. Founded in 1357, it has defensive walls.
  • Mangup – cave city medieval Crimea. There are numerous caves preserved here, carved into the rock along the entire perimeter of the plateau.
  • The temple to the three horsemen is carved into a huge boulder. In the inner hall there is a fresco painting preserved from antiquity.
  • Bakhchisarai Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that was previously the residence of the Crimean khans. The building is considered the only surviving monument of Crimean Tatar architecture. The Palace houses a museum of culture and history and an exhibition of weapons.
  • Arboretum is unique nature reserve, located on rocky clay soil. Here is a rich collection of plants and shrubs, many of which are rare on the planet.
  • Saki Resort Park was founded in 1890 by Melnichenko P.S. On the territory there are beautiful fountains, three lakes, and diverse vegetation.
  • The Belyaus settlement was discovered in the 20th century and existed in the 4th-2nd centuries. BC. The monument is located on the Tarkhankun Peninsula.
  • Kerkinida excavations opened in 1964, proving the existence of modern city Greek colonists. 30 burials were discovered on the territory.
  • Kizyary are the oldest underground passages located under the old city. Tunnels carved into yellow shell rock are considered an important value of Evpatoria.
  • The Genoese fortress is the oldest monument of the city with beautiful, strict medieval architecture. Today here you can see the Watchtower, a mosque, the residence of the Genoese consul, and the gates of the fortress.
  • Church of the Intercession Ave. The Virgin Mary is the first architectural monument of the Russian era, which began after the annexation of Crimea. The building was built in the style of Russian classicism; the foundation stone took place in 1819 on September 20, as stated on the memorial plaque.

New World

  • The Golitsyn trail begins at the green bay on the northern side of Khoba Kaya and leads to a natural grotto formed by sea waves in massive rocks.
  • Chaliapin's Grotto - small concert hall, with excellent acoustics. The grotto reaches a height of 30 meters; in its depths there is a stage for musicians, and behind it a small compartment for Golitsin’s wines with preserved stone arches.

Suzdal

  • The Kremlin is the oldest part of the city. On the territory there are the Nativity Cathedral, the Bell Tower, St. Nicholas, Assumption Churches, and the Bishop's Chambers. In the 11th century, the Kremlin was surrounded by an earthen rampart lined with clay.
  • The Museum of Architecture is located on the site of the 11th century Dmitrievsky Monastery. The museum's collection includes outbuildings and household items of Russian peasants.


  • The horse yard is located in an 18th century building in the city center. The exhibition consists of folk crafts - embroidery, carvings, wood painting, clothing.
  • The Chernigov monastery is a cave monastery that was founded in 1844. Today it is a functioning complex where you can visit the caves on excursions.
  • Sergievo Posad Lavra is the largest monastery, founded by S. Radonezh in 1337. A place revered by Orthodox Christians, a spiritual center with a rich library of ancient books.

  • Detinets or the Kremlin was founded by Yaroslavl. First mentioned in 1044 in chronicles. The tallest tower of Detinets Kokuy, built in the 18th century.
  • Saint Sophie Cathedral - grandiose building century. The cathedral was built by Yaroslav the Wise as a temple for the entire city. Great bishops, princes, and mayors of the city found peace in its galleries.


  • The Assumption Cathedral is the most important church in the city, included in all excursions around Vladimir. The cathedral was founded in the 12th century by Andrey Bogolyubsky to later become the main temple of the state.
  • The Golden Gate was built in the 12th century. The building has rich decoration and was previously used for ceremonial entrances into the city.
  • Vladimir Central is a famous prison built by order of Catherine II. At one time, Frunze, Powers, and Zoya Fedorova were kept there. Since 1996 it has been a museum open to visitors.
  • Museum of the Transfiguration Monastery Complex. Architectural ensemble built in the 12th century, it is considered the largest of its kind. In the 16th century, the state treasury was located here; in 1612, the Headquarters of Pozharsky and Minin were located in the monastery.
  • The Church of Proka Ilya was founded in the 17th century on the site of wooden churches at the expense of the Skripin merchants. The building is decorated with five green onion domes, covered galleries, a bell tower, and the Robe Limit.

Uglich

  • The Kremlin was founded in the 15th century by Andrei the Bolshoi. The structure was surrounded by a high wall with two passages and nine blind defensive towers. Today here you can see the chambers that belonged to Tsarevich Dmitry.
  • The Church of Demetrius on the Spilled Blood was erected in 1692 on the site where the prince died. The building is painted red, the domes are blue with white ornaments, interior spaces there are rich paintings from the 18th century.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

  • Goritsky Monastery is a large architectural and historical museum. The exhibition consists of furniture, church utensils, a collection of ancient icons, paintings by Shishkin, Benois, a valuable library of ancient books and a collection of wooden sculptures.
  • The Museum "Boat of Peter the Great" is the oldest building. The museum is notable for the fact that Peter the Great built an amusing flotilla here on Lake Pleshcheyevo. Today you can see the monument to the Tsar, the Botny House, the gatehouse, the Triumphal Gate, and the White Palace.

Rostov

  • The Borisoglebsky monastery complex was built on a hill surrounded by the bed of the Ustye river in 1363 during the reign of Dmitry Donskoy with the blessing of S. Radonezh. It was he who indicated the place where the temple should stand.
  • The Kremlin is the main attraction of the city with the Assumption Cathedral, five temples, and powerful walls. Previously, the Kremlin was the bishop's residence.

Kostroma

  • The Ipatiev Monastery is the greatest monument of Orthodox culture, built in the 13th century. At the site of construction, Mikhail Romanov was elected to reign, so it is often called the cradle of the Romanov family.
  • The fire tower is a beautiful monument of Russian classicism, located on Susaninskaya Square. The building has the appearance of a temple from ancient times, complemented by a portico of columns and a pediment.
  • The Vvedensky monastery complex was founded in the 19th century at the expense of Derbenev according to the original design of Begen P. Patriarch Tikhon served in the temple. In its halls are the relics of Blessed Alexy of Elnatsky, St. Basil of Kineshma and 168 other saints.
  • Bubnov Museum. The house was built in 1860 for a merchant family and is located on the site of a city estate. The building has survived to this day and is open for tours.
  • Lermontov places are Pyatigorsk Boulevard, Lermontov Baths, Lermontov's House, Elizavetinsky Spring in Pyatigorsk, Mount Ring and other places associated with the life of the poet in the Caucasus.
  • The Castle of Cunning and Love is located in Kislovodsk - a natural monument made of rocks, in the outlines of which mournful faces can be discerned. The castle is located near the river gorge. Alikonovka.
  • Wrangel Tower - grandiose historical building, the thickness of the walls and floors is three meters. In the 20th century, the building ceased to be used as a fortification; today there are warehouses and wholesale stores here.
  • Brandenburg Gate – beautiful historical monument and the only gate of the city, which is still used for its intended purpose. The building was erected in 1657.
  • Cathedral- a beautiful architectural monument, a symbol of the city. Built in the Baltic Gothic style and is one of the rare examples of the Gothic style in Russia.
  • The Buryat village is located in Olkhon. This is a colorful open-air museum, by visiting which you can get acquainted with the life and culture of the Buryats.
  • The pillars of Huukhein-Khad are a particularly sacred place located in the Shumak Valley. According to legend, you can see your future here.
  • Ivolginsky datsan is an important Buddhist monument. The incorrupt body of Khambo Lama Itigelov, who passed into nirvana in 1927, rests in a beautiful, colorful temple.
  • The Valley of Geysers is the largest natural monument discovered in the 20th century. There are 22 geysers and numerous pulsating springs, mud pots, and colored lakes with bubbling water.
  • The Klyuchevsky volcano group unites 12 volcanoes located on an area of ​​7 thousand m². The largest and highest volcano on the continent, Klyuchevskaya Sopka, is located here.

Transport component

The transport system of Russia includes aviation, rail, sea and road communications.

Air transport. There are 236 airports in Russia, more than 70 of them have international status. The country's largest airports are Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo and Vnukovo in Moscow, Pulkovo Airport in St. Petersburg, Koltsovo in Yekaterinburg and Adler in Sochi. Moscow airports are connected to the capital by high-speed Aeroexpress trains. Russian air carriers operate domestic and international flights.

Russian railways serve more than 124,000 km of tracks. Large cities have passenger stations, and small towns have railway stations. Trains run between cities long distance, also act suburban electric trains. The Trans-Siberian railway line runs through the entire country, connecting Moscow and Vladivostok. View the long-distance train schedule and commuter trains, you can purchase a ticket on the Russian Railways website http://pass.rzd.ru

The total length of Russian highways is 1,000,000 km.

By sea transport intercity and international Passenger Transportation. Marine terminals operate in Sochi, St. Petersburg, Murmansk and Nakhodka.

Navigation is carried out along rivers and canals. The length of river routes is 200,000 km.

Metro available in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Yekaterinburg and Novosibirsk. In each of the above cities, the metro has its own characteristics - for example, the capital has the most developed metro network, and the Novosibirsk metro has only 12 stations.

Ground transport in Russian cities– these are buses, trolleybuses, tram lines and minibuses. The most convenient and accessible way to travel around cities is by buses and minibuses. In each relatively big city There are bus terminals or bus stations connected by direct flights to regional centers.

Taxi and car rental. There are official and unofficial taxi drivers in Russian cities; it is not recommended to use the services of the latter due to the high risk of being deceived or paying an inflated tariff. Dispatch desks of official taxi companies are usually located in the arrival halls of airports, train stations and bus stations.

If you have a driver's license and at least one year of driving experience, you can rent a car. This service is offered as large international companies Sixt, AVIS and Europcar, as well as small private companies. In most companies, the rental service with return in another city is limited to a small number of settlements or is not provided at all.

Insurance program “OPTIMA” (amount of insurance coverage 50,000 euros*)
Age of the insured Type of insurance Insurance coverage, rub. Cost of the policy per day, rub. Insurance period

Age of the insured

Type of insurance

Insurance coverage, euro*

Policy cost per day, euro*

Insurance period

from 65 to 79 years old

Medical insurance"OPTIMA"

Medical insurance "OPTIMA"

* payment in rubles at the Central Bank rate (+ 2%) on the day of booking

Information on the conclusion and termination of an insurance contract, the scope of insurance obligations, the actions of the parties upon the occurrence of an insured event, the procedure for paying insurance compensation and other necessary information for the insured tourist are specified in the insurance rules.

Tour PRICE per person for the entire tour:
2-seater- hotel accommodation in a double room, 1-seater- hotel accommodation in a single room.

From the history of the holiday February 23

FEBRUARY 23 - DAY OF VICTORY OF THE RED ARMY OVER THE KAISER'S TROOPS OF GERMANY (1918) - DAY OF DEFENDERS OF THE FATHERLAND.

And if love for the Motherland is kept in our hearts and will be kept as long as these hearts beat, then we always carry hatred for our enemies at the tips of our bayonets.
Mikhail Sholokhov

Since time immemorial, the Russian people have experienced powerful pressure from outside. Numerous hordes of nomads, Polish-Lithuanian invaders, Swedes, Turks and Tatars for centuries devastated the Russian lands, bringing grief and suffering to the Russian people. This could not but affect the formation of national character and attitude towards military service. In epics, fairy tales and songs, the people sang the courage and bravery of those who spared neither strength nor life itself, defending their native land from foreign conquerors. Defenders of the Fatherland have always enjoyed the unfailing love of the people, and the profession of a warrior has always been considered difficult, dangerous and noble.

And it is no coincidence that February 23 occupies a special place in the list of historical and significant dates of our Motherland. This day is declared in our country as the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland.

The appearance of this holiday is associated with the most important events in the history of our state and its Armed Forces that took place at the beginning of 1918. When the threat of loss of state independence from the Kaiser’s troops invading in February 1918 loomed over the country, the people at all times rose up to defend the Fatherland.

The day of February 23, 1918 was marked by a widespread mobilization of workers and peasants to defend the Fatherland. Providing heroic resistance to the interventionists near Pskov, Revel, Narva and other sectors of the front, the Red Army received a baptism of fire.

Defenders of the Fatherland Day is a special holiday for our people. It personifies the connection between generations, recognition of the great merits of the Russian army to the state, the greatest respect of Russians for people of military labor.

On this day, the people remember with gratitude the heroic deeds of their defenders, bowing their heads to the blessed memory of those who gave their lives for their Motherland.

Popular legend says that the earth can feed a person with its sky, give it water from its springs, but it cannot protect itself, since this is the holy work of those who eat the bread of their native land, drink its water, and admire its beauty. The profession of a warrior and defender has always been honorable in Rus'. Since ancient times, a warrior - the defender of Russia, whether he was with a bow or a sword, a gun or a machine gun in his hands, enjoyed the high respect and love of his fellow citizens, the entire people. At critical moments, when foreigners questioned the very existence of the Russian state, the entire people rose up to fight together with professional warriors. This was the case during the Battle of Kulikovo and the war with Polish invaders at the beginning of the 17th century, during the Napoleonic invasion and during the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War.

The main hero and worker during wars is the people. It was his work in the fields and in workshops, in factories and factories, his conditions on the battlefield that underlay all the successes of Russian weapons, overcoming all the difficulties and hardships that befell Russia.

And there were many of these deprivations, and sometimes seemingly unbearable, hopeless. But the Russian people always found the strength not to lose heart and to repel foreign invaders.

Over the centuries, despite storms and adversities, Russia continued to mature and grow stronger. The people, the authors of ancient chronicles and tales, novels and poems, with patriotic pride for their ancestors - warriors and defenders of their native land - composed songs and hymns in their honor, wove a wreath of their immortal glory. Famous artists and sculptors created images of folk heroes, and architects dedicated majestic buildings and structures to them.

As a sign of eternal gratitude to the soldiers who died for the Fatherland, Dmitry Donskoy built the Church in the Name of All Saints in Moscow, called on Kulishki, and commanded from generation to generation to commemorate those who died on the Kulikovo Field.

After the death of the Grand Duke, his widowed wife, Evdokia Dmitrievna, built a stone Church of the Nativity in the Kremlin Holy Mother of God in unforgettable memory of her famous victory over Mamai won by her husband.

The Intercession Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral) stands on Red Square of unprecedented beauty. It was erected by order of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in 1559 “to proclaim the miracles of God during the conquest of the two Tatar kingdoms by the Russian Empire - Kazan and Astrakhan.”

In 1633, at the expense of Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, the Kazan Cathedral was built in Moscow on the occasion of the expulsion of the Polish invaders from Moscow. It received its name from the icon of the Kazan Mother of God, which is very revered in Rus'.

The first Russian Emperor Peter I did not stand aside from this tradition. In St. Petersburg, by his decree, the Alexander Nevsky Monastery was built. This church building was supposed to capture two great Soviet deeds - the victory over the Swedes of Prince Alexander Nevsky in 1240 and the establishment of Tsar Peter on the banks of the Neva almost five centuries later.

One of the most majestic buildings, designed to perpetuate in the memory of future generations the torment, sacrifices and great feat of the people in the war of 1812, was the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. The idea of ​​building a temple was born during the war with Napoleon. The foundation stone of the temple took place in 1839 and was timed to coincide with two solemn events: the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the end of the war with the French and the capture of Paris in 1814 and the opening of a monument in honor of the Battle of Borodino on the Borodino field.

In the paintings of the temple, reflecting historical spiritual and Soviet events, great place devoted to depicting the events of the War of 1812. In the lower corridor of the temple, 177 marble slabs were placed with descriptions of all the battles of 1812-1814. Here, on the pilasters, banners and keys of cities taken from the enemy were placed.

The temple was erected on the most sacred land in Moscow, where the Alekseevsky nunnery was built on the burial site of soldiers who fell in the Battle of Kulikovo. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior, whose cross was higher than the bell tower of Ivan the Great, became the most grandiose military monument in the entire history of Russia.

The tradition of building temples in honor of the victories of Russian weapons continues today. On the Prokhorovsky field, where the largest tank battle of the Second World War took place in the summer of 1943 during the Battle of Kursk, on the 50th anniversary Great Victory a temple was erected. Its dome rises majestically, its bells ring solemnly in memory of those who defended their Motherland at the cost of their lives.

Grateful descendants perpetuated the exploits of the faithful sons of the Fatherland by erecting monuments to them - majestic memorials and modest obelisks.

In 1818, a monument to K. Minin and D. Pozharsky, who led the struggle of the Russian people for liberation from the Polish invaders at the beginning of the 17th century, was erected on Red Square. This monument was cast in August 1816 in St. Petersburg. From here he was sent by water to Rybinsk, and from there along the Volga to Nizhny Novgorod. It is deeply symbolic that the monument to the heroes visited their hometown, from where a powerful wave of liberation began in 1612. Residents of Nizhny Novgorod flocked daily to the banks of the Volga to see their heroes - fellow countrymen - depicted in bronze and rejoiced at the honor bestowed upon them by all of Russia. Their Lower ships went up the Oka River to Kolomna and from Moscow - they sailed by river to the capital. The grand opening of this first civil monument in Moscow took place on February 20, 1818 in the presence of Emperor Alexander I.

In 1839, on the day of the Battle of Borodino, a monument resembling an ancient Russian tented temple was consecrated on the Borodino field. This was the first of 14 monuments built in memory of the War of 1812.

On September 8, 1850, a monument to Dmitry Donskoy was erected on the Kulikovo Field. It was a 28-meter-high cast-iron obelisk, tapering upward, crowned with a gilded dome and a cross.

On November 28, 1887, on the tenth anniversary of the victory of Russian troops near Plevna, in honor of the selfless courage of Russian soldiers, a monument was unveiled in the center of Moscow on Old Square. It is an octagonal tent chapel with decorative kokoshniks and a small dome with a cross. This monument was built on the initiative of the Russian Archaeological Society at the expense of officers and soldiers of the Grenadier Corps. On its northern edge there is a gilded inscription: “Grenadiers to their comrades who fell in the glorious battle near Plevna on November 28, 1877.”

It is not even possible to list all the monuments that the people erected in honor of the exploits of their defenders. Hundreds of thousands of obelisks, monuments, and memorial complexes were built in memory of the heroic achievements of soldiers and commanders of the Red Army, partisans and underground fighters, and home front workers during the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War. The main monument of that war was memorial Complex on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow, opened for the 50th anniversary of the Great Victory.

Even in Ancient Rus', insignia began to appear, awarded for military merit. Old Russian chronicles mention gold or silver plates of neck hryvnias, fastened with a chain on the back side. They played the role of insignia for warriors who covered themselves with glory in battles: gold accessories for princes, silver ones for knights - heroes.

The Grand Dukes of Moscow and Tsars began to issue gold commemorative coins of various sizes and denominations with the image of St. George, and especially outstanding military leaders were also awarded a gold chain to wear them. Small gold coins were sewn onto the headdress or right shoulder caftan, the medium ones were worn on a special chain on the chest, and the large ones were worn on a heavy gold chain.

For the first time, a special gold “coin - medal” was established by Princess Sofia Alekseevna in honor of the two campaigns of her favorite, Prince Vasily Golitsyn, against the Crimean Tatars.

At first Northern War a special medal “For the Capture of Shlisselburg” was established, which was awarded to volunteers who volunteered to storm the Swedish island fortress in October 1702. The first mass award during this war was the medal “For Loyalty and Courage,” introduced in 1706, which was awarded to all officers who took part in the battle of Kalisz with Swedish troops, who outnumbered the Russians. The next was the medal “For the Poltava Battle,” which was minted in gold for officers and in silver for soldiers and non-commissioned officers of the guards regiments. Such medals were supposed to be worn on a blue ribbon.

However, the award system based on medals did not satisfy the senior command staff of the Russian army. At that time, medals were minted in memory of the battle and did not in any way reflect personal merit. Some Western European countries already had an award system.

In 1698, Peter I established the highest Russian order - the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called with the motto “For Faith and Fidelity.”

The second most important award was the Order of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine, established in 1714. It was awarded only to women. The motto of the order is “For Love and Fatherland.”

The last order introduced by Peter I was the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky. Peter intended to make this order purely military, but the sudden death of the king prevented the development of the status of the order, and it became an ordinary court award.

During the reign of Catherine II, Russia fought numerous wars, and the empress improved the award system. She noticed that some nobles at court wore in their buttonholes gold “coins - medals” with the image of St. George the Victorious, which they inherited from their ancestors. The decision to establish a special order “for special military merit” was made during the Russian-Turkish War of 1768-1774. In 1776, the military order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George was established with the motto “For service and courage.” It was awarded to officers and generals for military distinction. In his status, Catherine wrote in her own hand: “Neither high family, nor previous merits, nor received wounds are accepted into respect when awarded the Order of St. George for military exploits, but only the one who has not only fulfilled his duty in everything according to the oath is awarded it, honor and duty, but in addition to this he marked himself for the benefit and glory of Russian weapons with a special distinction.” The Order of St. George had a special position and was not included in the system of seniority of awards. It was prescribed to be worn at all times, on any clothing, and never to be removed. The sash was black with three orange stripes. The St. George Cross had four degrees. It was possible to get all four only starting from the lowest, 4th degree. The St. George's awards were approved by the St. George's Duma, specially created by Catherine II, whose meetings since 1811 were held in St. George's Hall Winter Palace. It was extremely difficult to earn the Order of St. George. Highest Order Russian Empire More than a thousand people received St. Andrew the First-Called, while 25 people were awarded St. George of the 1st degree in the entire history of its existence.

Only four people in the entire history of the Russian army became full knights of St. George, that is, they had four degrees: general - field marshals M.I. Kutuzov - Smolensky, M.B. Barclay de Tolly, I.F. Paskevich - Erivansky and I.I. Dibich - Zabalkansky.

In 1807, the insignia of the Order of St. George was approved for awarding soldiers, sailors and non-commissioned officers.

By decree of March 19, 1856, the insignia of the military Order of St. George was divided into 4 degrees. According to the new regulations on the St. George Soldier's Cross, awarding began from the lowest, 4th level and then, as with the awarding, the 3rd, 2nd and, finally, 1st degree were awarded successively with the officer's Order of St. George. Each order and soldier's cross had its own number, under which the recipient was included in the so-called “eternal list” of St. George's Knights.

Immediately after the proclamation of Soviet power on November 10, 1917, all classes and ranks of Imperial Russia, as well as pre-revolutionary insignia (orders, medals, cockades, etc.) were abolished.

On September 3, 1918, the model of the first Soviet Order of the Red Banner was approved. At the suggestion of I. Stalin, the Order of Lenin was developed and established on April 6, 1930, which became the highest state award.

On April 16, 1934, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was established, which did not have a special order insignia.

The recipients were awarded the Order of Lenin and a personalized Hero's Certificate. And only on August 1, 1939, a gold five-pointed star on a scarlet rectangular medal block was introduced - the Gold Star medal, which was awarded to Heroes of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin.

Simultaneously with the regulations on the Order of Lenin, the status of Rodin of the Red Star was approved. The medal “XX Years of the Red Army” was the first Soviet medal; it was established in 1938. It was awarded to those who served in the Red Army from the time of its foundation or founding or were awarded the Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR. Following this, medals appeared that were awarded for personal achievements: “For courage”, “For military merit”.

The Great Patriotic War made great changes to the award system. During the retreat of Red Army units to the east in the summer and autumn of 1941, awards were rare. Only after the Battle of Moscow, Stalin ordered the creation of a design for a special order to reward participants in combat operations. On May 20, 1942, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees was established. It was a purely military order.

A whole series of decrees on the establishment of new awards soon followed. On July 20, 1942, it was announced that three orders would be introduced at once: Suvorov, Kutuzov and Alexander Nevsky. The first two were of a purely “commanderial” nature, had three degrees and were intended to reward military leaders: the Order of Suvorov - for the successful development and conduct of offensive operations, the Order of Kutuzov for organizing effective defensive actions. The Order of Alexander Nevsky was awarded to officers - commanders of platoons, companies, regiments, divisions, and corps.

On October 10, 1943, the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd degrees was added to the number of orders, and in March 1944, the Orders of Ushakov and Nakhimov of the 1st and 2nd degrees were established to award naval officers.

In 1943, when the outcome of the war was not in doubt, I. Stalin ordered the development of a model of the Order of Victory to award representatives of the high command of the Red Army and the states of the anti-Hitler coalition. On November 8, 1943, the sign and status of the Order of Victory were approved. This is the most expensive award badge in the world. Order No. 1 was received by Marshal Zhukov, the second by Vasilevsky, and the third by Stalin. A total of 12 people were awarded this award. Simultaneously with the Order of Victory, Stalin proposed to establish a special order for awarding privates and sergeants, which would continue the traditions of Russia's St. George's awards. Restoring the previous award was then impossible, since during the war the cross was firmly associated in people’s minds with the identification marks of Hitler’s planes and tanks. As an order, it was decided to take a star with the image of the Spasskaya Tower and the inscription “Glory” on the medallion, with a St. George ribbon on a pentagonal block. The Order of Glory had three degrees. Those who were awarded all three degrees were called full holders of the Order of Glory.

During the war, a number of commemorative medals were established related to the defense of Soviet hero cities and the liberation of the capitals of Eastern and Central Europe, including Berlin. Medal “For victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.” established on May 9, 1945, as it were, summed up all the work on developing the award system during the war. It was done in an unusual way. Instead of the image on the front side of the symbol and the name of the medal, as was customary, here is the profile of Stalin in a marshal’s uniform and the motto: “Our cause is just - we won.” The name of the medal has been moved to the reverse side. The medal was attached to a block with a St. George ribbon.

With the collapse of the USSR, its award system also became a thing of the past. New orders and medals appeared, including the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, the Order of Zhukov, the Order of Courage, the Order of Military Merit, the medals “For Courage”, Suvorov, Ushakov, Nesterov, Zhukov and others.

All Russian medals were made of noble metals - gold, silver and gilding, which increases their significance.

The military order of St. George and the insignia - the St. George's Cross - are retained in the award system. As before, the glorious series of state awards includes the military orders of Suvorov, Ushakov, Kutuzov, Alexander Nevsky, and Nakhimov. They, as in the harsh years of the last war, will be awarded to those who distinguished themselves while defending Russia from an external enemy. The new state award system preserves the continuity of traditions of both pre-revolutionary Russia and Russia of the Soviet period.

The heroism and courage of Russian soldiers, the power and glory of Russian weapons have always increased the greatness of the Russian state. From Alexander Nevsky's defeat of the German knights in 1242 - through the Kulikovo field and the Borodino field, Poltava and Izmail, Stalingrad and Kursk - to the defeat of the fascist invaders in 1945, a kind of St. George's ribbon of victories stretched.

The exploits of the defenders of the Fatherland live in people's memory. They are captured in greatest memorials and modest monuments, on the canvases of artists, in books and poems.

And every year on February 23, the people pay tribute to their defenders: both those who defended the freedom and independence of the Motherland in numerous wars of the past, and those who are now guarding the interests of Russia with arms in hand.

The New Year holidays are left behind, which means that February 23 is about to arrive - the popularly celebrated Defender of the Fatherland Day, which has become an official day off since 2002.

Today, this wonderful holiday has begun to have a less pronounced military and political overtones, turning simply into Men's Day. February 23 is the time for the strong half of humanity to accept congratulations from women and receive gifts, since they are all our protectors. We joyfully thank them for real masculine qualities: masculinity, strength, care, love, courage, support, for taking care of us.

Best congratulations on February 23

Don’t know how to congratulate you on this day in an original and useful way? The best gift for real men on February 23rd will be an exciting trip with family or friends around the most famous cities Russia, as well as abroad!

In 2020 we offer you unforgettable sightseeing tours along the Golden Ring, to Novgorod, Pskov, Karelia, Middle Lane and other most interesting places. You will appreciate the beauty of majestic cities, follow in the footsteps of outstanding people of our country and learn a lot of interesting things about their exploits. Choosing such an educational tour will cause an unprecedented rise in patriotic feelings.

Most often tourists choose bus tour along the Golden Ring and to cities not very far from Moscow. But if you are planning a long winter holidays for February holidays (for example, tours to St. Petersburg, Crimea, Kaliningrad, etc.), it is better to use train or air travel.

Not material values, but impressions and a good mood. Buy tours for February 23 from St. Petersburg:

  • Along Pushkin's places. The bank of the Sorot River is the place where Tatiana and Onegin talk.
  • Monasteries of the North. Look at them from a different perspective, as outposts that defended the country.
  • Inexpensive trips to the Baltics. The Devils Museum in Panevezys, Lithuania, will appeal to all tourists.
  • Ferry cruise to Scandinavia. The courageous beauty of the fjords and giant glaciers matches the heroes of the day.
  • Three-day package holiday for the holidays along the Great Kaluga Ring. The labyrinths of the Koltsovo caves are a mysterious and incredibly beautiful place.
  • Spa weekend in Karelia. Dog riding, winter fishing.
  • You can also buy tours for February 23 to the places of heroic battles. Visit Brest, Khatyn, Mamayev Kurgan.

Give to men on February 23 unforgettable holiday! Order individual programs for corporate and family travel.

Inexpensive tours for February 23 from St. Petersburg - great prices!

Any route from our range will be an exciting journey on February 23rd. Experienced staff will select the required dates for check-in at the hotel, arrange excursions, and help with paperwork.

Defenders of the Fatherland and family dream of being taken care of on February 23. Unforgettable vacation will call you on the road and on other holidays, March 8th and May are approaching. Our prices for tours are reduced to 10% of the market average and will help you celebrate any date without extra costs.

Bus railway tours from the BigTransTour company are unique excursion programs that will allow you to visit Beautiful places Russia. Your trip will be thoughtful and comfortable. We book new hotels with a high level of quality food, provide our own buses, and are accompanied on the trip by experienced guides. Tours for February 23 are presented in various durations. We are ready to show you unique places in Russia and the CIS countries. In just a few days you will get a lot of pleasant impressions and have a great time.​

Bus railway tour - convenient form short trip on February 23, which allows you to comfortably visit other cities and countries. Tourists arrive by train to their destination city, where a modern bus is already waiting for them. From this moment the excursion program begins. Return home is also carried out by train. Such tours are cheaper than air tours, but are almost as comfortable and dynamic.

Tour options for February 23

  • "From Chagall to Repin on February 23." This tour will allow you to visit most interesting cities Belarus - Vitebsk, Polotsk, explore Smolensk, and also visit Repin’s estate. The program lasts 3 days/2 nights, which is ideal for a weekend trip.
  • For connoisseurs of Russian history, we offer a variety of tours to Belgorod, during which you can visit the country’s largest diorama “Arc of Fire,” visit the land of military glory, and see famous monasteries and temples.
  • A special place in the list of tours is occupied by excursion programs around the Golden Ring of Russia. We have prepared more than 10 travel options of varying duration and content. The programs are of interest to both those traveling along the Golden Ring for the first time and experienced tourists.

We also offer intense travel with a variety of excursion programs on February 23 to Kazan, Orel, Ryazan, St. Petersburg, Tambov, Tver region and Seliger. You can find a more detailed list of travel routes and their detailed program in the corresponding section. We provide the most complete information about the trip so that you can choose the ideal option that will exactly suit your goals.

Directly on our website you can not only select a tour for February 23, but also complete the order and payment for the tour.

Our advantages:

  • a large selection of various excursion programs in Russia and the CIS countries;
  • own bus fleet;
  • high level of services offered - new hotels, quality food, comfortable buses;
  • possibility of online ordering of a trip;
  • discounts when booking travel from the site, discounts for regular customers, holiday promotions;
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  • openness and honesty in work.

Call to book an interesting trip!