Kachin aviation garrison of the Black Sea Fleet. Kacha is the cradle of Russian aviation. Crimea Kacha helicopters airfield

It owes its appearance to the founding of the first aviation school in Tsarist Russia. The entire history of the village is connected with the history of the development of domestic aviation.

In 1910, on the initiative of Grand Duke Alexander Romanov, the first in Russian Empire military pilot school. On November 24, 1910, it was opened at the Kulikovo Pole airfield near the city of Sevastopol. At that time, the school consisted of 8 aircraft: 2 Farman-IV biplanes, 3 Blériot-XI monoplanes, 1 Sommer biplane and 2 Antoinette monoplanes. Engine power ranged from 40 to 50 horsepower, and speed barely reached 70 km/hour.

Soon the airfield on the Kulikovo Field became cramped, and new planes appeared. Suitable field for flight school was found 12 versts from Sevastopol near the valley of the Kacha River near the village of Mamasai (Orlovka). On November 21, 1912, the aviation school was transferred from Kulikovo Field to the mouth of the Kacha River, and the village of Kacha began to grow near the school on the site of the Aleksandro-Mikhailovsky farm. This date is considered the day the village was founded.

The only school at that time had aircraft workshops, brick hangars for 100 aircraft, and a large field airfield. The aviation school trained 150–200 pilots per year.

Facts testify to success in training domestic pilots. For example, graduates of the Kaczna Aviation School developed the world's first instructions on the combat use of aviation. They were the first to use airplanes for photographic reconnaissance, naval flights, and performed new aerobatic maneuvers - “corkscrew” and “loop.”

The flying school was located in the village until 1441. Many famous pilots emerged from its walls, including A. I. Pokryshkin, P. D. Osipenko, G. F. Baidukov, B. F. Safonov and many others. In June 1941, the Kachin school was evacuated to Krasny Kut. Saratov region. In 1945, it was renamed into a school with its location in the city of Stalingrad (Volgograd).

During the Great Patriotic War, the village was located in a zone of active hostilities. Black Sea aviators crushed the invaders in the skies of Crimea and Kuban, Romania and Czechoslovakia. Their names are among the Chelyuskin rescuers, defenders of Spain and Khalkhin Gol, conquerors of world records for flight range and altitude. From the first days of the war, the 8th Fighter Aviation Regiment was based on Kach, which since April 1942 has been called the 6th Guards. In 1944, this regiment was called the Guards Fighter Twice Red Banner Sevastopol Aviation Regiment.

After the Great Patriotic War, from 1947 to 1960, the 4th Fighter Aviation Division was based on Kutch. In May 1960, the 872nd Aviation Regiment was relocated to Kacha from the Khersones airfield. And since the fall of 1960, a separate transport regiment has been based here on Kach. These two main aviation units, as well as support units, are based at the Kacha airfield at the present time.

155 residents of Kachi fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, of which 115 were awarded orders and medals, 41 died a heroic death.

The instructors at the school were pilots M. Efimov, M. Komarov, E. Rudnev, M. Zelensky, G. Piotrovsky, well-known during the development of domestic aviation, the corkscrew conqueror K. Arneulov and others.

Kacha was visited in 1914 by the master of the “dead loop” Pyotr Nikolaevich Nesterov.

Among the graduates of the Kachin pilot school are air marshals and more than 170 generals. Heroes of the Soviet Union: three times - Alexander Pokryshkin, twice - 12 people and 284 - Heroes of the Soviet Union.

A residential town grew up next to the airfield. Headquarters, service dos (officers' houses), barracks and housing in the private sector appeared.

The names of the shady streets of the village contain a heroic chronicle of the birth and development of USSR aviation: the embankment named after Valeria Chkalov, the streets of Pyotr Nesterov, Nikolai Gastello, Marina Raskova. Valentina Grizodubova, Polina Osipenko, Ivan Kozhedub, Alexander Pokryshkin.

The names of aviators who dedicated themselves to the sky and gave their lives in the fight against enemies are immortalized in monuments and on the Alley of Heroes.

History of Crimean airfields

The first airfields in Crimea appeared before the First World War. And then these structures, mainly for military purposes, began to multiply like mushrooms. This was facilitated by favorable weather Crimea and its geographical position. By the Great Patriotic War there were already several dozen of them; Crimea was even called an “unsinkable aircraft carrier.” After the war, the development of aviation required long concrete runways. This forced the number of airfields to be reduced, but their size to be increased. Passenger air transportation has become massive. Among the passengers were leaders of the USSR, which had a beneficial effect on the development of the airfield. Moreover, a spare landing strip for the Buran reusable spacecraft was built in Crimea. With the transition to the jurisdiction of Ukraine, the Crimean air space was largely deserted, and accordingly a number of “berths” were abandoned.

What is left now of its former splendor?

1. Belbek Airport.
2. Kacha airfield.
3. Yuzhny airfield on Chersonesus.
4. Nitka airfield.
5. Evpatoria airfield.
6. Donuzlav airfield.
7. Simferopol Airport.
8. Gvardeyskoye airfield.
9. Oktyabrskoye airfield.
10. Vesyoloye airfield.
11. Dzhankoy airfield.
12. Karagoz airfield.
13. Airfield "Severny" - Kirovskoye.
14. Bagerovo airfield.
15. Kerch Airport.
16. Aerodrome "Zavodskoe"
17. Heliports outside Primorsky.

There was also a large military airfield near Crimea in Genichesk. Now its runway has been dismantled into concrete slabs. In particular, the road from Genichesk to Strelkovoy on the territory geographically related to Crimea is made from them.

Note that the Russian Black Sea Fleet owns only two airfields, in Kach and Gvardeyskoye. And passenger transportation is carried out by the main Simferopol and sometimes Belbek.

Once upon a time there was a small airfield even on Ai-Petri in the “balls” area, from the 50s to the mid-70s. But now there’s definitely nothing flying there.

By the way, in Soviet times in Crimea there were unpaved civilian airfields for local transportation and agricultural aviation in Nizhnegorsk, Kerch, Lenino, Zolotoy Pole, Kirov, Sovetsky, Razdolny, Mezhvodny and even in Sudak. They were loudly called “airports”. Most of them flew on the AN-2 with passengers to Simferopol at the Zavodskoye airfield. A ticket for AN-2 (capacity 12 passengers) from Nizhnegorsk to Simferopol cost 3 rubles in the 80s. And to the deserted beach on the Arabat Spit - 2 rubles. The same amount as 5 liters of AI-93 gasoline, lunch in a cheap canteen and less than a quarter of vodka... They say there was even an airfield on the Tuzla Spit, from where passenger flights operated to Kerch. For a short time in the 60s there was a “helicopter taxi” from Simferopol to Yalta to the helipad. This site is clearly visible from the Yalta bypass and is still intact.

The name of the railway station is Elevatornaya; the airfield is 1st category, the runway and taxiway were overhauled in the late 70s, after which it became possible to accept aircraft of any type at this airfield without restrictions on the weight of the aircraft, up to the Buran.943 MRAP was part of the 2nd MRAD: the 3rd fraternal regiment of the division was based at the Gvardeyskoe ace - there was also the division's administration, a.s. Vesyoloye, a.s. Oktyabrskoe. 943 MRAP was the first in the USSR Navy Aviation to retrain and begin to operate the TU-22 M2.3. The last military pilot in the Soviet Union who was awarded the title “Honored Military Pilot of the USSR” was the commander of this regiment. The regiment was disbanded in 1996.

Gvardeyskoye airfield - Sarabuz

Sarabuz is a small railroad station- a fork 18 km from Simferopol. One branch of the road leads directly north, to Dzhankoy and further to Perekop, and the second - to Saki and Yevpatoria, the largest medical center in Crimea. Almost at the very fork, on a large hill, there were two villages - Spat and Shunuk. One was inhabited by German Mennonites who moved here under Catherine, and the other was inhabited mainly by Russians. On the outskirts, on the rocky slopes, Tatar houses cling. Very close by is a large airfield, where the roar of the engines of the then newest I-15, I-16 fighters and high-speed twin-engine SB bombers did not cease either day or night. They rushed over the houses with a deafening roar, as if they were trying to kill the nationalist passions seething in them. And they were serious......

By the end of 05/07/1942, Soviet aerial reconnaissance discovered up to one hundred enemy aircraft at the Sarabuz airfield. 103 Shap (15 UAG) was ordered to launch a bombing and assault strike on it. The task ahead was difficult: from your Bagerovo airfield you had to fly to the maximum radius of action of the “silts,” which did not allow any deviation from the course; most of the route passed over territory occupied by the enemy; half of the route was over the sea, and this made piloting and orientation very difficult. To catch everyone at the airport, you will have to take off in the dark.

Regiment commander P.I. Mironenko decided to lead this flight. Before dawn on May 8, 10 heavily loaded Il-2s took off. The deputy commander was A.P. Bukhanov, the second five was led by S. Popov. The commander walked the entire route at an extremely low altitude. Approaching the target, Mironenko “slide” gained altitude. At the start, the pilots saw about 80 bombers standing wing to wing with their engines running, ready for takeoff. But not one managed to get up.

Lieutenant G.D. Ugolnikov did not return from the mission; he was shot down right above the airfield. But his comrades paid back in full for his death: the next day, partisan intelligence reported that 38 bombers and 41 German pilots had been destroyed.

Yuzhny airfield

The Yuzhny airfield is located on Cape Khersones. A military and apparently secret facility, there is practically no information about it

Belbek airfield

international Airport Belbek serves the city of Sevastopol and other cities of Crimea. Created on the basis of the military airfield of the same name. The airport was named after the Belbek River, which flows in the southwest of Crimea. Located on the seashore, on the northern side of Sevastopol.

The airfield was founded in June 1941; after the start of the war, it housed a military fighter aviation regiment. Initially unpaved, after the war it received a concrete runway, but remained exclusively a military fighter airfield. In the second half of the 1980s, after M. S. Gorbachev came to power, the runway was significantly enlarged and improved, since he used the airfield when flying to the presidential dacha in Foros. This is what subsequently allowed the airfield to be used for civilian purposes.

In December 2002, the airport received a license for international air transportation.

From 2002 to 2007, about 4 thousand flights were carried out, about 50 thousand passengers were transported. In 2007, civilian flights aircraft at the airfield were temporarily suspended due to the refusal of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine to extend the agreement on the joint use of the airfield.

In the spring of 2010, the Sevastopol city administration announced the resumption of airport operations. On May 30, 2010, the grand opening of Belbek took place.

Military use of the airfield continues to this day, with a fighter regiment based there. In the 1990s. Su-15TM aircraft have been replaced by Su-27, and currently MIG-29s are mainly used; it is also possible to rent a private plane.

Belbek Airport has a runway measuring 3007×48 m, class B, designed to receive aircraft of all types. The maximum take-off weight of an aircraft is unlimited. The classification number of the coating is 34/R/A/X/T. The magnetic landing course is 065/245. Lighting equipment - "Luch-2MU".

The airport is located 2.5 kilometers from the transport interchange "Simferopol - Sevastopol / Yalta - Belbek Airport", near the village of Fruktovoye, in the territorial community of the Nakhimovsky district. The distance to the southern part of Sevastopol is 25 kilometers, to Zakharov Square (the main square of the North side) - 9 kilometers, to Simferopol - 50 kilometers, to Yalta - 95 kilometers.

Kacha is rightfully considered the cradle of Russian aviation; it was here at the beginning of the 20th century that Russia’s first aviation school for pilots was located. The creation of the school has its own extraordinary history.

In 1905, Russia was defeated in the Russo-Japanese War, its fleet was destroyed, and funds were required to restore it. At the request of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, curator of the fleet, and with the approval of the Tsar, the collection of voluntary donations beganPeople also responded for short term the required amount was collected. So it was restored Navy Russia.

With the remaining money, which is 900,000 gold rubles, by order of Nicholas 2, the first, best at that time, monoplanes and biplanes were ordered from France. It was there, at the schools of Farman, Bleriot and Antoinette, that the first Russian pilots were sent for training.

So at the beginningXXcentury, Sevastopol, a city by the sea, became a runway stretching into the sky. The school was located outside the city on Kulikovo Field, now there is General Ostryakov Avenue, where the memorial “Courage and heroism of the Black Sea aviators” is located, opened on March 28, 1981, where it is written in gold letters:"During the years of the Great Patriotic War16 Black Sea pilots carried out 18 air rams,61 pilots and navigators were awarded the rankHero of the Soviet Union"

On November 24, 1910, in Sevastopol on the Kulikovo Field, the first military pilot school in Russia was opened, in which there were only 10 aircraft: 4-Farmana-4, 3-Blériot,2-"Antoinette", 1-"Sommer".

Subsequently, the anniversary of the school began to be celebrated not according to the official day of its opening, but on November 21st - according to the patronal feast day of Archangel Michael, declared Russian Orthodox Church, patron of aviation and Russian pilots.

Efimov Mikhail Nikiforovich - the first Russian pilot (1881-1919). From peasants. In 1910 he graduated from Farman's flying school with a diploma№ 31. Since 1910 - senior instructor at the Sevastopol Aviation School. Here, for the first time, he performed elements of aerobatics - a turn, a dive, a spiral, and gliding with the engines turned off. In 1911 he tested the world's first backpack parachute. During the First World War he was a fighter pilot. For heroism he was awarded 4 Crosses of St. George and the rank of ensign.

The first heads of the Sevastopol Aviation School were:

Kedrin V.N. captain 1st rank since 1910 to 1911

Odintsov S.I. Colonel of the General Staff since 1911 to 1912

Prince Muruzi A.A. Lieutenant Colonel of the General Staff since 1912 to 1916

On October 26, 1911, in the Livadia Palace, Nicholas 2 received the pilots of the first graduating class of the Sevastopol school, numbering 24 people, and presented them with diplomas of completion of the flight school. Together with Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, the Tsar congratulated each graduate.

Soon the airfield on the Kulikovo Field became cramped, and new planes appeared. A suitable field for a flight school was found 12 versts from Sevas-topol near the valley of the Kacha River near the village of Mamasai (Orlovka). The choice of location was approved by the highest ranks of the Russian military department.

In 1914, a plane piloted by a Russian pilot, the author of the “dead loop” - P.N. Nesterov, landed at the Kachin school airfield. During the First World War, pilots, developing the Nesterov school of figure flying, mastered the so-called “corkscrew”.

Between 1910 and 1917, 609 pilots were trained.

After the Great October Revolution of 1917, the entire school staff went over to the side of Soviet power and successfully participated in the fight against the counter-revolution in Crimea. In 1917, the Bureau of the Commissariat of Aviation and Aeronautics was created under the Military Revolutionary Committee.

In 1921, the air detachments from which the Black Sea Fleet aviation was created took an active part in the defeat of the White Guards and foreign invaders.

Wonderful pilots emerged from the walls of the Kachinsky flight school: Stepanchenko V.A., Yumashev A.B., who in 1929 broke all world records for altitude, range and flight duration. In 1936, the crew of the ANT-25 aircraft, consisting of Chkalov V.P. and two students of the Kachinsky school, Baidukov G.F. and Belyakova A.V. made his unprecedented flight from Moscow to the island of Udd, spending more than 60 hours continuously in the air and flying more than 10,000 km without landing. And soon the same crew surprised the world with a new feat, completing a non-stop flight from Moscow to the USA in 63 hours.

All of humanity applauded the record of Soviet women - pupils of the Kachin school: P. Osipenko and V. Lomako, who, together with navigator N. Raskova, made a non-stop flight from Sevastopol to Arkhangelsk. The first Soviet military pilot, Zinaida Petrovna Kokorina, graduated from school in 1924 and worked as an instructor pilot and was the head of a flight school in the city of Khabarovsk.

And in September 1938, Polina Denisovna Osipenko, Valentina Grizodubova and Maria Raskova made a non-stop flight from Moscow to the Far East on the Rodina plane. P.D. Osipenko graduated from school in the 30s, one of the first women to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The authority of the school at that time was so high that the leaders of the country, starting with I.V. Stalin,sent their sons for flight training to the Kachin aviation school. It was in Kach that the son of I.V. Stalin-Vasily, the 3 sons of A.A. Mikoyan, the sons of N.V. Frunze and others learned to fly.In 1935, the school was visited by S.M. Budyonny, who highly appreciated the Kachinsky flight school.

During the period of the creation of polar aviation, pilots and navigators were sent from the Black Sea Fleet Air Force, among them: Levanevsky, Lyapidevsky, Molokov, Doronin. On April 20, 1934, they were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as participants in the rescue of passengers and crew of the icebreaker "Chelyuskin".

In June 1941, the Kachin school was evacuated to Krasny Kut, Saratov region.

In 1945, it was renamed into a school with its location in the city of Stalingrad (Volgograd).

256 graduates of the school became Heroes of the Soviet Union, 150 - generals, 7 - marshals and 2 - chief marshals of aviation, 12 graduates - twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, and Pokryshkin A.I. three times Hero of the Soviet Union. He graduated from school in 1939. Flew 550 combat missions, shot down 59 enemy aircraft, air marshal.

Here, USSR pilot-cosmonauts V.A. Shatalov and V.F. Bykovsky received a ticket to the sky.

The Great Patriotic War was a difficult test for the Soviet people and their armed forces. From the first days of the war, the 8th Fighter Aviation Regiment was based on Kach, which since April 1942 has been called the 6th Guards. 2 famous aviation regiments are fighting in the battles for Crimea- 6th Guards Fighter Twice Red Banner Sevastopol Regiment and 11 Guards Fighter Twice Red Banner Nikolaev Regiment.

During the defense of Crimea and Sevastopol, the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet was commanded by Major General Nikolai Alekseevich Ostryakov. During the period of his command, over 400 enemy aircraft were destroyed. On April 24, 1942, during a German air raid, N.A. Ostryakov died in the line of duty. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and an avenue in Sevastopol was named after him.

Vladimir Ivanovich Voronov, an Honored Military Pilot of the USSR, Commander of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force, fighter pilot of the 6th Guards Twice Red Banner Sevastopol Air Regiment, retired Colonel General of Aviation, went through his military career from private to general. His entire life and service are connected with the aviation of the Black Sea Fleet. Here he went through a difficult path from lieutenant to colonel general, from an ordinary pilot to the Commander of Aviation of the Black Sea Fleet.

At the beginning of the war, the 11th Guards Nikolaevsky Regiment was commanded by Major N.Z. Pavlov, who died heroically in battle on September 23, 1942. At the beginning of the war, this regiment covered the main base - Sevastopol - from the Khersones airfield. The pilots of the 11th Fighter Aviation Regiment successfully accomplished their assigned combat missions. On August 8, 1941, they took part in the destruction of the Chernovodsk bridge over the Danube River, an important enemy target. Many of them were awarded the Order of Lenin for this operation.

Hero of the Soviet Union fighter pilot Ivan Stepanovich Lyubimov (later commander of the 11th air regiment, and then commander of the 4th IAD) fought fearlessly with the enemy. “Our second Maresyev,” that’s what his comrades called him. He flew and beat an enemy with a prosthetic left leg instead of a foot. Shot down 9 planes. The military garrison and the village of Lyubimovka are named after him.

A rare document from the time of the Great Patriotic War was presented to the Room of Military Glory of the Kacha garrison by the former Commander of Naval Aviation of the Navy, Colonel General Vladimir Grigorievich Deineka. This is the Order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR dated August 8, 1941, signed by the People's Commissar of Defense I. Stalin, in which he thanked the crews of the planes that bombed Berlin on the night of August 6-7.

A special place in the Room of Military Glory belongs to the pilots who committed air rams. 16 pilots - Heroes of the 6th Fighter Sevastopol Aviation Regiment and the 11th Fighter Nikolaev Aviation Regiment carried out air rams, and two of them - Ivanov Ya.N. and Borisov M.A. carried out 2 air rams. (Borisov M.A. made 2 air rams in one flight).

In the park on the Alley of Heroes there is a monument to the Heroes of the Soviet Union who committed aerial rams.

"Their names and exploits will shine for centuries."

The names of the Heroes are written in gold letters: Bereshvili I.S., Borisov M.A., Volovodov B.N., Grek V.F.. Zinoviev I.K., Ivanov Ya.M., Kalinin V.A., Karasev S. .S., Katrov A.I., Mukhin S.S., Ryzhov E.M., Savva N.I., Sevryukov L.I., Cherevko B.G., Chernopashchenko V.E., Shaposhnikov F.D. .

After the end of the Second World War, the regiments were disbanded.

At the beginning of 1947, the 11th Guards Twice Red Banner Nikolaev Fighter Regiment was relocated to Kacha. (until May 31, 1943, the former 32nd Air Regiment).

On October 20, 1947, by order of the Minister of the Navy, an aviation and technical base of military unit 49311 was created with a base in Kach.

The formation of military unit 45646 (helicopter regiment) began in 1958, but the anniversary date is considered to be November 1, 1954 - the day of the creation of a separate squadron of MI-4 helicopters. In May 1960, the helicopter regiment of military unit 45646 was relocated to Kacha from the Khersones airfield.

Since the fall of 1960, a separate transport regiment of military unit 87381 has been based on Kach.since 1996, reorganized into a separate mixed aviation regimentmilitary unit 49252.

In 1965, in honor of the 20th anniversary of the Victory, a park and Alley of Heroes were solemnly opened at the House of Officers, where busts of 26 Heroes of the Soviet Union Black Sea pilots were installed. The busts were made by chefs - students of the Kyiv Art Institute. On Victory Day - May 9, flowers are laid to the Heroes of the Soviet Union.

November 21, 2012 The Kachin garrison will celebrate the 100th anniversary of its formation.

The Kachinsky garrison is proud of the glorious combat traditions of the first aviation school of pilots, which is rightfully considered the cradle of Russian aviation!

In Ukraine, in Crimea, not far from Sevastopol, in the village of Kacha (emphasis on the first A), Be-12 amphibious aircraft, AN-26 military transport aircraft, KA-27PS search and rescue helicopters and KA-27PL anti-submarine helicopters are in service. Despite the fact that many aircraft are almost 40 years old, they are ready to carry out combat missions in the Black Sea every day.

Thanks to my reader valkad , I was able to sit at the helm of these amazing machines, climb around the interior, look at the toggle switches and instruments, and visit the room of military glory. They also allowed me to take pictures of everything...

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First of all, we visited the Room of Military Glory - a small museum in the Officers' House, telling about the history of the creation of the base:

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It all started in Tsarist Russia. Pay attention to the uniform of the pilots of the first graduating class. Everyone has their own, since the flight uniform had not yet been invented and the first pilots were recruited from different branches of the military:

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In front of the House of Officers (DOF) there is a park with busts of the heroes of our country:

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We began our inspection of flight equipment with the Be-12 amphibious aircraft built in 1971:

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It is designed to detect submarines and perform rescue operations at sea. Previously, he carried nuclear charges for operational-tactical purposes.

The plane is controlled by 4 people: 2 pilots, a navigator and a radio operator. The navigator sits at the very nose of the plane. He has the most spacious place:

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To detect submarines, the navigator has a radar:

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There is an anchor fastened to the wall next to the navigator's chair. On an airplane it looks like a foreign body:

And this is a “look” at the navigator’s seat from the nose of the plane. The pilot's pedals are visible above the door. They seem to be sitting on the second floor:

It’s difficult to climb here, and I didn’t succeed the first time with two cameras in my hands:

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All seats are equipped with a parachute and catapult. The ceiling easily slides to the side, and you can lean out:

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Walking on an airplane in flight is almost impossible. It’s difficult to move along it and on the ground without constantly touching sharp corners:

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The feeling is as if you are not in an airplane, but in a submarine:

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The radio operator's position is at the rear of the aircraft:

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The Be-12 can not only find submarines, but also save people. For the “rescued” there is a hammock in one of the compartments:

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The fact that the Be-12 is an amphibian left its mark on the takeoff and landing characteristics. Usually they were carried out from a concrete runway, because the planes were based on the shore. Landing on water was carried out at least once a month. These flights were associated with a certain amount of danger. Pilots constantly working from land could, out of habit, lower the landing gear before landing on the water. If one were to imagine such a case, the results would be disastrous. The chassis would vomit upon impact with the water, with all the ensuing consequences. I don’t know if there was such a case in the Navy, but there was a lot of talk about this before the flights on the water. After prolonged landings on water (during runway repairs, for example), there was a danger of landing on concrete with the landing gear retracted. This is what happened in the 70s in this squadron. After touching down, the plane hit the first step and then stopped, tilting to the side. You can imagine what feelings the navigator experienced. The plane was then restored at the technical unit and continued to fly.

Next to the Be-12 are AN-26 military transport aircraft. They are used to transport cargo and troops:

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Naval aerial bombs OMAB-25 D and N (day and night, respectively) are suspended from the aircraft's pylons. There is paint inside them. If people, aircraft, or ships in distress are detected, the plane drops them into the water, and a green spot forms on the surface during the day, and at night a torch is aimed at aircrafts and rescue ships:

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There is a ramp at the rear of the aircraft; even a UAZ can drive along it when loading into the cargo compartment:

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Navigation place:

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Kacha is not only airplanes, but also helicopters. True, I will tell you about them in the next post. Stay Tuned!