Lake Superior: geographical location, description. Beautiful descriptions of nature Describe how beautiful Holy Lake is
Geographical objects are everything that surrounds us, that is, they are stable or relatively stable objects with a certain location on Earth that can be described. Our article will tell you how to describe a lake.
Standard plan for describing geographical objects
Before making a plan for describing a lake, you should briefly make a plan for a story about any geographical feature. So, you can describe it:
- population in a certain territory;
- journey;
- natural resources of the country;
- geographical position mainland;
- relief of the territory;
- climate;
- natural area/areas;
- country;
- Agriculture;
- description of the political map.
As can be seen from listed list, you can describe anything, and for each object there is its own plan. But if you don’t know it, then you can describe the object according to a standard plan, which is the following:
Lake description plan: where to start
As mentioned above, there are standard types of description, and each object has its own plan, including a water body such as a lake. First you need to make a brief plan, and then describe it in more detail.
Lake description plan:
In this plan for describing the lake, you can also add a division of salt lakes according to their chemical composition, which are divided into carbonate, sulfate and chloride. Lakes can also be divided according to nutrients:
- oligotrophic, i.e. low amount of nutrients;
- eutrophic, i.e. where there is a large amount of nutrients;
- dystrophic, i.e. poor in nutrients, mainly refers to swampy lakes.
Plan for describing basic information
The description of lakes can be done following the plan described above. It is universal and suitable for characterizing any body of water. But first, it’s worth giving a definition.
A lake is a naturally occurring body of water that is filled with water within the lake bowl and has no connection with the sea or ocean.
On planet Earth today there are more than 40 largest lakes, which have an area of more than 4 thousand km2. The largest are the Caspian Sea, Huron, Victoria, Superior and Michigan. 
The description of the lake should begin with its name. For example, this is where the story of Lake Huron can begin. It is located in North America on the territory of two countries: Canada and the USA. It occupies an area of 59 thousand 600 kilometers and has a depth of up to 229 meters.
Next, it is necessary to determine the type of basin, which are divided by origin into tectonic (i.e., formed in places of a fault or shift in the earth's crust); glacial (when the basin was formed by plowing a glacier); river; seaside; failures (formed where frozen soils began to thaw); underground; volcanic; artificial.
It should be clarified that Lake Huron is freshwater and was formed due to tectonic processes.
Other lakes should be described according to the same plan, for example, the largest in Russia and one of the largest among freshwater lakes - Lake Baikal. Let's look at a few examples.
Lake Baikal
It is worth starting the description of Lake Baikal according to the plan with its location. It is located in Central Asia, in Irkutsk region Russia. This is one of the largest lakes in the world, which ranks seventh in area and is the deepest among freshwater lakes. Its depth is 1637 meters.
Lake of tectonic origin. Scientists are still arguing about its origin, since they cannot fully establish the exact date. It stretches for 600 kilometers, and in some places its width can reach 80 kilometers. The area of the reservoir is 31 thousand km2, the same as, for example, the area of Belgium or Denmark. The coastline stretches for 2,100 kilometers, in the west the coast is rocky and steep, and in the east it is flatter. 
Lake Baikal is a drainage lake, more than 300 rivers and streams flow into it, the largest are Snezhnaya, Barguzin, Sarma, and only the Angara River flows out.
The description of Lake Baikal according to the plan can be completed by clarifying the volume of water. They are huge, and there are 19% of the total reserves fresh water, second only to the Caspian Sea. The lake is home to more than 2 thousand species of plants and animals, 2/3 of which are endemic, that is, living organisms that are found only in this reservoir. This abundance is explained by the high oxygen content throughout the water column.
Lake Victoria
The plan for describing Lake Victoria should begin with the fact that it is located in East Africa on the territory of three states, such as Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. In terms of area, it ranks first on the mainland and third in the whole world and is 68 thousand km2, the maximum depth is 80 meters, and the length coastline stretches for 7 thousand kilometers.
The lake is a drainage lake, the Kagera River flows into it, and the Victoria and Nile flow out, but the main source of nutrition is precipitation, and not its tributaries. 
The shores of the lake are mostly flat and low, heavily indented and swampy.
Lake Victoria is one of the largest freshwater lakes, which ranks third in area. It is home to more than 200 species of fish, on which many animals feed.
Lake Chad
The plan for describing Lake Chad needs to start with the fact that it is located in Central Africa on the territory of several states, more precisely the Republic of Chad, Nigeria, Niger and Cameroon. 
The lake is in twelfth position among the largest lakes in the whole world and covers an area of 26 thousand km2. It is impossible to clearly indicate the area, because during rains it floods and the area increases to 50 thousand km2, and during drought the area decreases to 11 thousand km2. Maximum depth reaches 12 meters.
In the south, the Shari River, which is one of the food sources, flows into the lake, in the west the Komadugu-Vaube River, in the east Bar el-Ghazali.
Music for happiness - gentle guitar
The first chord is light, a breath of wind, your fingers barely touch the strings. A vanishingly quiet sound, E minor, simpler and there is nothing...
The first snowflake is light, translucent, carried by an almost imperceptible wind. She is the harbinger of snowfall, a scout who was the first to descend to the ground...
The second chord – the fingers of the left hand are deftly rearranged, the right one confidently and softly leads along the strings. Down, down, up - simple and gives the simplest sound. It's not a blizzard or a storm - just snowfall. There can be nothing complicated about it. Snowflakes begin to fly more often - the vanguard of the main forces, sparkling ice stars.
Then the chords replace each other more viscously and tenderly, so that the ear almost does not notice the transition from one sound to another. A transition that always sounds harsh. Instead of a fight, it’s too much. Eight. The intro is played and even if it’s not an instrumental that sounds triumphant and joyful during a summer downpour or viscous and bewitching in a snowstorm, even if it’s just chords put together, the music surprisingly suits the snow outside the window, the white butterflies of winter, the icy tiny stars that are all dancing, dancing their dance in the night sky...
Singing is woven into the music - quiet, the words are indistinguishable, elude perception, mixed with the snowfall and the measured, natural beating of the heart. A clear rhythm and calm strength resound in them. The song has no end, it just softly intertwines with the dance of snowflakes and goes away imperceptibly, leaving the sky and snow alone...
Cold and darkness conceal sounds and movements, reconciling the city with winter...
And the Lord of Snowfall, having played his part on one of the roofs, gently puts his guitar, which has power over the elements, into its case. There is snow on his shoulders and hair, red cheerful sparks flash and go out - snowflakes reflect the light of distant lights. There is light in the windows of the house opposite. There are people there who don’t know how to weave the lace of the elements...
The staircase is an ordinary staircase of a nine-story building. Doors, an elevator always occupied by someone, the dim light of a light bulb on the landing... The Lord of Snowfall walks, holding his guitar, quietly and slowly walking up the steps. From the ninth floor to the first, carefully so as not to disturb the warm feeling of relaxed, trusting happiness that comes every time after completing the game...
And the usual angry question from the mother who opened the door:
– When will you stop playing your games and finally start thinking?
It hits the open soul like a knife. The soft snow wings given by the fulfillment of the present break and only misunderstanding and resentment remain.
Why does she hit where it hurts the most? For what?..
At night, a wild wind mixed with snow blew through the city. Broke tree branches, tore wires, swept roads...
It was the Lord of Snowfall's guitar singing again.
The uniqueness of natural lakes lies in a number of their special characteristics. They are characterized by slow water exchange, free thermal conditions, a unique chemical composition, and differences in water levels.
In addition, they create their own microclimate and cause changes in the surrounding landscape. They accumulate mineral and organic substances, some of which are valuable and useful.
Geographical object "lake" (meaning)
There are about 5,000,000 lakes in our world. Lakes on the globe occupy almost 2% of the surface, which is almost 2.6 million km 3 . Being a component of the hydrosphere, classical natural lakes, are bodies of natural origin, which are lake bowls of water that do not have direct contact (contact) with the sea or ocean. There is a whole science that studies them - limnology. However, there are also anthropogenic lakes that arose as a result of human activity.
If we consider the lake as geographical feature, then its definition becomes more clear: it is a hole on land with closed edges into which flowing water falls and, as a result, accumulates there.
Characteristics of lakes
To give an accurate description of a specific lake, you need to determine its origin, position (above or underground), type of water balance (waste or not), salinity parameters (fresh or not), its chemical composition etc.
In addition, you need to accurately determine the following parameters: total area water mirror, the total length of the shoreline, the maximum distance between opposite shores, the average width of the lake (calculated by dividing the area by the previous indicator), the volume of water that fills it, its average and maximum depth.
Types of lakes by origin
The generally accepted classification of lakes by origin factor is as follows:
- Anthropogenic (artificial) - created by man;
- Natural - arose naturally (exogenous or endogenous - either from within the Earth, or as a result of processes on its surface), without human intervention.
Natural lakes, in turn, have their own division based on the principle of origin:
- Tectonic - cracks in the earth's crust that have arisen for one reason or another are filled with water. The most famous lake of this type is Baikal.
- Glacial - the glacier melts and the resulting water creates a lake in the basin of the glacier itself or any other. Such lakes, for example, are in Karelia and Finland: lakes appeared along the trajectory of the glacier along tectonic cracks.
- Oxbow lake, lagoon or estuary - a decrease in water level cuts off part of the river or ocean.
- Karst, suffusion, thermokarst, aeolian - leaching, subsidence, thawing, blowing, respectively, create a depression that is filled with water.
- A dammed lake occurs when a landslide or earthquake cuts off part of the water surface from the main body of water by a land bridge.
- Water often also collects in mountain basins and craters of volcanoes or their eruption channels.
- And others.
The importance of lakes in nature and for humans
Lakes are natural reservoirs of water that can regulate river flow: receive excess water and, conversely, release part of it when the water level in the river generally decreases. A large water mass has a large thermal inertia, the effect of which can significantly soften the climate of nearby areas.
Lakes are an important object for fishing, organizing salt production, and laying waterways. Water from lakes is often used for water supply. Reservoirs can be used to organize the energy reservoir of a hydraulic installation. Sapropels are extracted from them. Some lake muds have medicinal properties and are used in medicine. The importance of lakes in the planet’s ecosystem can hardly be overestimated; they are an organic element of the entire natural mechanism.
The largest lakes in the world
Among the lakes there are two main record holders:
The Caspian Sea is the largest in area (376,000 km 2), but relatively not deep (30 m);
(Lake Baikal)
Baikal - depth record (1620 meters!).
The average record holders for largest lakes are tectonic lakes.
In this article we will talk about what types of lakes there are, as well as how they originated, i.e. consider the general characteristics of the lake. A lake is an inland body of land with low-flow or standing water. It forms near the surface of the earth in a natural depression. Since lakes are not connected to the ocean, they are bodies of slow water exchange. They occupy only about 2% of the planet's land mass. The largest is the Caspian Sea, and the deepest is Baikal. There are various types of lakes, which have heterogeneous origins. Each body of water is distinguished by several interconnected components: basin, water mass, vegetation, fauna.
Characteristics of the lake: origin of lake basins and types of lakes
Endogenous - most large lakes, which are the result of the manifestation of the internal forces of the Earth. Endogenous basins include tectonic and volcanic basins.
Tectonic depressions are subsidence zones earth's crust. The subsidence occurs due to the deflection of layers (Aral) or faults along cracks (Upper, Baikal, Huron, Michigan). Volcanic depressions are the craters of volcanoes. There are such basins in Kamchatka.
Exogenous – small types of lakes, which were formed by the activities of external forces. Often river valleys have oxbow lakes that have an oblong shape. They appear on the site of former river beds.
Many water basins were formed during the Ice Age. As they moved, the glaciers “plowed out” huge depressions that filled with water.
Similar glacial lake characteristics can be found in northwestern Russia, as well as Canada and Finland. Almost all of them are elongated in the direction of movement of glaciers.
The result of strong earthquakes in the mountains is dams. So, for example, the Sarez reservoir was formed in the Pamirs (1911). During the earthquake, part of the mountain range, a dam more than 600 meters deep was formed.
A significant number of recesses are of mixed origin. For example, Onega and Ladoga are tectonic, but the action of glaciers has modified their basins. The Caspian Sea is the remnant of a giant basin that was previously connected to the Black Sea. Depressions created by man are artificial reservoirs.
Mountain lake Ritsa (Abkhazia) is of glacial-tectonic origin
Typeslakes by water regime
- Sewage - rivers not only flow into them, but also flow out (they may have an underground flow). The data is most often located in the area of excess moisture. A different number of rivers flow into such lakes, but only one flows out (Baikal, Teletskoye).
- Endorheic - rivers flow in, none of them flow out (i.e. such lakes have no flow). They are located in areas of insufficient moisture (most often deserts, semi-deserts). The Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, and some tundra water basins belong to the same type.
- Flowing - many rivers flow in and out (Onega and Ladoga).
Majestic Lake Baikal
The basin is fed by inflowing rivers, precipitation, and groundwater resources. Some of them evaporate from the surface of reservoirs, flow out, and go into underground drainage. And depending on the balance of incoming and outgoing parts, characteristics of lakes And The water level can fluctuate and the area of these water basins changes. For example, Lake Chad during drought covers an area of about 12 thousand square meters. km, during the rainy season - 26 thousand square meters. km.
Salt content
According to the amount of elements dissolved in water, three types of lakes are distinguished: fresh, brackish, salt. So, fresh - salt solution less than 1% o, brackish - more than 1% o, and salty - more than 24.7% o.
They are classified according to the method of their formation, the presence of life and the salt content. Life is absent only in incredibly salty bodies of water.
Lake Salar-Uyuni (Bolivia)
Sewage and flow-through pools are classified as fresh resources, since the influx of water significantly exceeds the flow. Drainless water resources most often brackish or salty. Such reservoirs have an inflow less than the flow. This increases the salinity. Salty - occupy zones of deserts and steppes. (Bolshoye Solenoye, Dead, Elton).
This article discussed the main types of lakes, which are important natural resources. Some of them are rich in raw materials, such as salt, iron ore, sapropel. Lakes are used for water supply, navigation, irrigation, fishing, and the production of a number of chemical elements and mineral salts. Lakes also serve great place for recreation, rest houses, sanatoriums and recreation centers were built next to them.
And more details from characteristics of lakes This video will introduce you.
Municipal educational institution Gilbirinskaya secondary school
COMPOSITION
Completed by: Afanasyeva Dari, 8th grade student
Kokorino village, 2012
Motherland, fontanelle, Russia, dewdrop, blue... Words associated with pure light, hope, faith and love, with the place where I was born and live.
There are many places in the world where I have visited - this is Lake Baikal, Tunka with its forests and ridges, the cities of Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk, where the Yenisei River flows. Beautiful forests high mountains, as well as endless fields and magnificent cities, all this you can find on our land.
And I live in Buryatia! This is the deepest lake in the world, Baikal, high Sayan Mountains, a wealth of forests, fur-bearing animals and plains of meadows with magnificent flowers. But still the most the best place, which is located near the village of Kokorino in the Ivolginsky district, is the forest lake Karasinoye. This is where you can relax, sunbathe, and swim. From the beach, there is a path around the lake that will take you to the health camps “Cheryomushki” and “Tuyaa”. And fishing here is a pleasure. This is what the boys vacationing here do. On the sandy shore you can enjoy the picturesqueness of the lake. I sit on the shore of the lake, admiring the landscape, nature is always beautiful, it makes me happy in life, I am always ready to love it and enjoy it every day. I was even attracted to this lake; I was drawn by the silence of nature and I could only hear the birds chirping or the leaves rustling.
The lake, like a magic mirror, hides a lot of mysteries. Old-timers tell legends about our lake and its surroundings. In summer you can paint excellent landscapes near the lake. You look at the lake the world, you feel a light breeze, pleasant sun rays.
It is especially beautiful on the lake on a summer evening when the sun sets. The sun slowly sets and bright colors spread across the sky. And the stars slowly begin to light up. A fog appears near the lake, it slowly covers everything around. It becomes cooler, the birds fall silent, the soft smell of wormwood and steppe herbs begins to taste bitter in the throat. It immediately becomes quiet, peace and tranquility reigns around. I like the evening on the lake when I relax here with my parents. We light a fire, talk, sing songs and just remain silent.
Have you ever watched the sunrise on Lake Karasin? Fog appears over the lake and rises into the sky in ragged clouds. The surface of the lake becomes transparent and silvery. The first rays of the sun appear in the sky. Reeds, flowers, reaching for the warm rays of the sun, trying to survive, grow, strengthen themselves. And as a celebration of all living things, the birds begin to sing. Simply beautiful! I want to sing and enjoy life! This is what it is, our lake Karasinoye!