Ethiopia Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is a country in northeast Africa. in the past the country was often called Abyssinia. Ethiopia. Geography presentation on the topic "Ethiopia" Area and Borders

Geography presentation on the topic "Ethiopia". Pupils of class 7 “B” of Municipal Educational Institution-Secondary School No. 1 Nagovitsyna A. Borodulina V. Stavilo A.

Ethiopia Ethiopia is the third most populous country in Africa, the oldest Christian country in Africa, and one of the oldest in the world, after Armenia. Unlike other African countries, it has never been colonized. In the past, the country was often called Abyssinia. Ethiopia consists of several former semi-independent region-states, the largest of which were Amhara, Gojjam, Shoa and Tigray. The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa

Animals of Ethiopia... Animals of the Ethiopian region: 1 - lion and lioness; 2 - fennec fox; 3 - leopard; 4 - two-horned rhinoceros; 5 - African elephant; 6 - hippopotamus; 7 - zebra; 8 - giraffe; 9 - hyrax; 10 - base antelope; 11 - eland antelope; 12 - Kaffir buffalo; 13 - warthog; 14 - kudu antelope; 15 - okapi; 16 - wildebeest; gorilla; 18 - aardvark; 19 - mandrill; 20 - spotted hyena; 21 - hairy frog; 22 - monkey; 23 - African ostrich; 24 - secretary; 25- chameleon; 26 - Nile crocodile; 27 - marabou.

Climate Ethiopia's climate is largely dependent on altitude. In the tropical zone, located below 1830 m above sea level, the average annual temperature is about +27°C, and the average annual precipitation is about 610 mm. In the subtropical zone (1,830 - 2,440 m above sea level), the average annual temperature is about +22°C, and the precipitation rate is from 510 to 1,530 mm. Above 2,440 m above sea level lies a temperate climate zone with an average annual temperature of about +16°C and an average precipitation of 1,270 to 1,780 mm. The rainy season usually lasts from mid-June to September, with an occasional short rainy season in February or March.

Language Amharic (Amarinya) - state, Tigre, Galla, English, Arabic, about 70 different local languages ​​are used. The entire population is divided into two main linguistic groups - the Semites, living in the northern and central regions of the country, and the Cushites, living mostly in southern and eastern Ethiopia.

Population. The peoples of E. say preem. in Semitic and Cushitic languages. a single Semitic-Hamitic language family: Amhara, Gurage, Argobba, Harari, Ti-Gray, Tigre and part of the Beni-Amer tribes - in Semitic languages, Galla (Gallas), Somalis, Danakils, Saho, Agau, Sidamo, Beja, a number Beni Amer tribes - in Cushitic languages. Most numerous The people of E. are the Amhara, who inhabit Ch. arr. center, and partly northern. E. (Shoa Province, Gojam, Begemder). In addition, the Amhara live in the province. Wollo, Arussi, Kaffa, Vol-lega, Harar, Sidamo. Amharic language. is state-owned; Half of us speak it. country, teaching in schools and legal proceedings are carried out, an Ethiopian literary system is being created. Of the other peoples, the Galla are the most numerous (5-6 million people), followed by the Somalis. By relpg. belonging to more than 1/2 of us. E. - Christians of the Monophysite persuasion; most of the rest of us. - Muslims. Among the inhabitants of Yu and 3, various pre-Christian and pre-Islamic beliefs are still preserved. The most densely populated plateaus are the center and parts of Egypt, where the density ranges from 10 to 50 people. per 1 km2. Lives in the village approx. 90% of us. Among the mountains. The inhabitants are Greeks, Armenians, Arabs, and Indians.

Farming. General characteristics of the economy. E. - agr. a country. In the village x-ve feud prevailed, relations intertwined in a number of districts with the remnants of the tribal system and developing capitalist. relationships. Before World War II, the position in the Estonian economy belonged to Italy. monopolies, which retained them after the war, especially in Eritrea. At the same time, the penetration of the English, and especially the American, into the country increased. capital, intensified the activities of Western German companies. At the same time, a state was established in E. monopoly on the extraction of gold, salt, production and sales of tab. products. The state together with the private Ethiopian, foreign ministry. capital participates in a number of processing projects. prom-sti. Along with this, it creates favorable conditions for foreigners. investments, while limiting the export of capital and profits from the country. In 1962, the second 5-year program for the country's development for 1963-67 was developed. For its implementation, approx. 2 billion Ethiopians, dollars Main. attention is paid to x-wu and processed. prom-sti. Agricultural activities are being planned. reforms. One of the most important objects of the program is the construction of an oil refinery with the help of the USSR. plant in Assab with a capacity of up to 500 thousand tons of crude oil per year.

Agriculture... Agriculture gives St. 70% national income. Most of the land belongs to the feudal lords, the church and the royal house. The overwhelming majority of peasants are landless and have little land. In a number of provinces, communal land tenure still remains. In the north of the country, a shifting system of agriculture is practiced, in other regions - slash-and-burn. Productivity is low. In order to increase the level of development of the village. The production company creates experimental plots, exemplary field crops. and livestock breeding farms, demonstration coffee plantations, gardens. However, Ch. a brake on the development of s. x-va continue to be a feud, a relationship. The government carried out certain measures aimed at weakening the feuds and duties of the peasants.

Vegetation. Savannah vegetation predominates on the plains and plateaus. Forests rising high into the mountains occupy rock valleys (galsrey forests) and mountain slopes (tree-like junipers). In arid B there is sparse semi-desert and desert vegetation. On the Abyssinian Highlands there is a high-altitude vegetation zone: savannah, tropical. forests, woodlands, tropical alpine vegetation and mountain meadows.

Minerals... Ethiopia is rich in a variety of minerals (gold, platinum, manganese...), but the bowels of the earth are still poorly studied. The country has developed mainly textile and food industries, leather processing, and there are small metallurgical and other factories.

Thank you for your attention!!!

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Ethiopia

Ethiopia is the third most populous country in Africa, the oldest Christian country in Africa, and one of the oldest in the world, after Armenia. Unlike other African countries, it has never been colonized. In the past, the country was often called Abyssinia. Ethiopia consists of several former semi-independent region-states, the largest of which were Amhara, Gojjam, Shoa and Tigray. The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa

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Animals of Ethiopia...

Animals of the Ethiopian region: 1 - lion and lioness; 2 - fennec fox; 3 - leopard; 4 - two-horned rhinoceros; 5 - African elephant; 6 - hippopotamus; 7 - zebra; 8 - giraffe; 9 - hyrax; 10 - base antelope; 11 - eland antelope; 12 - Kaffir buffalo; 13 - warthog; 14 - kudu antelope; 15 - okapi; 16 - wildebeest; gorilla; 18 - aardvark; 19 - mandrill; 20 - spotted hyena; 21 - hairy frog; 22 - monkey; 23 - African ostrich; 24 - secretary; 25- chameleon; 26 - Nile crocodile; 27 - marabou.

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Climate

Ethiopia's climate is largely dependent on altitude. In the tropical zone, located below 1830 m above sea level, the average annual temperature is about +27°C, and the average annual precipitation is about 610 mm. In the subtropical zone (1,830 - 2,440 m above sea level), the average annual temperature is about +22°C, and the precipitation rate is from 510 to 1,530 mm. Above 2,440 m above sea level lies a temperate climate zone with an average annual temperature of about +16°C and an average precipitation of 1,270 to 1,780 mm. The rainy season usually lasts from mid-June to September, with an occasional short rainy season in February or March.

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Language

Amharic (Amarinya) - state, Tigre, Galla, English, Arabic, about 70 different local languages ​​are used. The entire population is divided into two main linguistic groups - the Semites, living in the northern and central regions of the country, and the Cushites, living mostly in southern and eastern Ethiopia.

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Population.

The peoples of E. say preem. in Semitic and Cushitic languages. a single Semitic-Hamitic language family: Amhara, Gurage, Argobba, Harari, Ti-Gray, Tigre and part of the Beni-Amer tribes - in Semitic languages, Galla (Gallas), Somalis, Danakils, Saho, Agau, Sidamo, Beja, a number Beni Amer tribes - in Cushitic languages. Most numerous The people of E. are the Amhara, who inhabit Ch. arr. center, and partly northern. E. (Shoa Province, Gojam, Begemder). In addition, the Amhara live in the province. Wollo, Arussi, Kaffa, Vol-lega, Harar, Sidamo. Amharic language. is state-owned; Half of us speak it. country, teaching in schools and legal proceedings are carried out, an Ethiopian literary system is being created. Of the other peoples, the Galla are the most numerous (5-6 million people), followed by the Somalis. By relpg. belonging to more than 1/2 of us. E. - Christians of the Monophysite persuasion; most of the rest of us. - Muslims. Among the inhabitants of Yu and 3, various pre-Christian and pre-Islamic beliefs are still preserved. The most densely populated plateaus are the center and parts of Egypt, where the density ranges from 10 to 50 people. per 1 km2. Lives in the village approx. 90% of us. Among the mountains. The inhabitants are Greeks, Armenians, Arabs, and Indians.

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Farming.

General characteristics of the economy. E. - agr. a country. In the village x-ve feud prevailed, relations intertwined in a number of districts with the remnants of the tribal system and developing capitalist. relationships. Before World War II, the position in the Estonian economy belonged to Italy. monopolies, which retained them after the war, especially in Eritrea. At the same time, the penetration of the English, and especially the American, into the country increased. capital, intensified the activities of Western German companies. At the same time, a state was established in E. monopoly on the extraction of gold, salt, production and sales of tab. products. The state together with the private Ethiopian, foreign ministry. capital participates in a number of processing projects. prom-sti. Along with this, it creates favorable conditions for foreigners. investments, while limiting the export of capital and profits from the country. In 1962, the second 5-year program for the country's development for 1963-67 was developed. For its implementation, approx. 2 billion Ethiopians, dollars Main. attention is paid to x-wu and processing prom-sti. Agricultural activities are being planned. reforms. One of the most important objects of the program is the construction of an oil refinery with the help of the USSR. plant in Assab with a capacity of up to 500 thousand tons of crude oil per year.

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Agriculture…

Agriculture gives St. 70% national income. Most of the land belongs to the feudal lords, the church and the royal house. The overwhelming majority of peasants are landless and have little land. In a number of provinces, communal land tenure still remains. In the north of the country, a shifting system of agriculture is practiced, in other regions - slash-and-burn. Productivity is low. In order to increase the level of development of the village. The production company creates experimental plots, exemplary field crops. and livestock breeding farms, demonstration coffee plantations, gardens. However, Ch. a brake on the development of s. x-va continue to be a feud, a relationship. The government carried out certain measures aimed at weakening the feuds and duties of the peasants.

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Vegetation.

Savannah vegetation predominates on the plains and plateaus. Forests rising high into the mountains occupy rock valleys (galsrey forests) and mountain slopes (tree-like junipers). In arid B there is sparse semi-desert and desert vegetation. On the Abyssinian Highlands there is a high-altitude vegetation zone: savannah, tropical. forests, woodlands, tropical alpine vegetation and mountain meadows.

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Minerals…

Ethiopia is rich in various minerals (gold, platinum, manganese...), but the bowels of the earth are still poorly studied. The country has developed mainly textile and food industries, leather processing, and there are small metallurgical and other factories.

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The presentation on the topic "Ethiopia" (7th grade) can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Geography. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 14 slide(s).

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Geography presentation on the topic "Ethiopia".

Pupils of class 7 “B” of Municipal Educational Institution-Secondary School No. 1 Nagovitsyna A. Borodulina V. Stavilo A.

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Ethiopia is the third most populous country in Africa, the oldest Christian country in Africa, and one of the oldest in the world, after Armenia. Unlike other African countries, it has never been colonized. In the past, the country was often called Abyssinia. Ethiopia consists of several former semi-independent region-states, the largest of which were Amhara, Gojjam, Shoa and Tigray. The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa

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Animals of Ethiopia...

Animals of the Ethiopian region: 1 - lion and lioness; 2 - fennec fox; 3 - leopard; 4 - two-horned rhinoceros; 5 - African elephant; 6 - hippopotamus; 7 - zebra; 8 - giraffe; 9 - hyrax; 10 - base antelope; 11 - eland antelope; 12 - Kaffir buffalo; 13 - warthog; 14 - kudu antelope; 15 - okapi; 16 - wildebeest; gorilla; 18 - aardvark; 19 - mandrill; 20 - spotted hyena; 21 - hairy frog; 22 - monkey; 23 - African ostrich; 24 - secretary; 25- chameleon; 26 - Nile crocodile; 27 - marabou.

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Ethiopia's climate is largely dependent on altitude. In the tropical zone, located below 1830 m above sea level, the average annual temperature is about +27°C, and the average annual precipitation is about 610 mm. In the subtropical zone (1,830 - 2,440 m above sea level), the average annual temperature is about +22°C, and the precipitation rate is from 510 to 1,530 mm. Above 2,440 m above sea level lies a temperate climate zone with an average annual temperature of about +16°C and an average precipitation of 1,270 to 1,780 mm. The rainy season usually lasts from mid-June to September, with an occasional short rainy season in February or March.

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Amharic (Amarinya) - state, Tigre, Galla, English, Arabic, about 70 different local languages ​​are used. The entire population is divided into two main linguistic groups - the Semites, living in the northern and central regions of the country, and the Cushites, living mostly in southern and eastern Ethiopia.

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Population.

The peoples of E. say preem. in Semitic and Cushitic languages. a single Semitic-Hamitic language family: Amhara, Gurage, Argobba, Harari, Ti-Gray, Tigre and part of the Beni-Amer tribes - in Semitic languages, Galla (Gallas), Somalis, Danakils, Saho, Agau, Sidamo, Beja, a number Beni Amer tribes - in Cushitic languages. Most numerous The people of E. are the Amhara, who inhabit Ch. arr. center, and partly northern. E. (Shoa Province, Gojam, Begemder). In addition, the Amhara live in the province. Wollo, Arussi, Kaffa, Vol-lega, Harar, Sidamo. Amharic language. is state-owned; Half of us speak it. country, teaching in schools and legal proceedings are carried out, an Ethiopian literary system is being created. Of the other peoples, the Galla are the most numerous (5-6 million people), followed by the Somalis. By relpg. belonging to more than 1/2 of us. E. - Christians of the Monophysite persuasion; most of the rest of us. - Muslims. Among the inhabitants of Yu and 3, various pre-Christian and pre-Islamic beliefs are still preserved. The most densely populated plateaus are the center and parts of Egypt, where the density ranges from 10 to 50 people. per 1 km2. Lives in the village approx. 90% of us. Among the mountains. The inhabitants are Greeks, Armenians, Arabs, and Indians.

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Farming.

General characteristics of the economy. E. - agr. a country. In the village x-ve feud prevailed, relations intertwined in a number of districts with the remnants of the tribal system and developing capitalist. relationships. Before World War II, the position in the Estonian economy belonged to Italy. monopolies, which retained them after the war, especially in Eritrea. At the same time, the penetration of the English, and especially the American, into the country increased. capital, intensified the activities of Western German companies. At the same time, a state was established in E. monopoly on the extraction of gold, salt, production and sales of tab. products. The state together with the private Ethiopian, foreign ministry. capital participates in a number of processing projects. prom-sti. Along with this, it creates favorable conditions for foreigners. investments, while limiting the export of capital and profits from the country. In 1962, the second 5-year program for the country's development for 1963-67 was developed. For its implementation, approx. 2 billion Ethiopians, dollars Main. attention is paid to x-wu and processing prom-sti. Agricultural activities are being planned. reforms. One of the most important objects of the program is the construction of an oil refinery with the help of the USSR. plant in Assab with a capacity of up to 500 thousand tons of crude oil per year.

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Agriculture…

Agriculture gives St. 70% national income. Most of the land belongs to the feudal lords, the church and the royal house. The overwhelming majority of peasants are landless and have little land. In a number of provinces, communal land tenure still remains. In the north of the country, a shifting system of agriculture is practiced, in other regions - slash-and-burn. Productivity is low. In order to increase the level of development of the village. The production company creates experimental plots, exemplary field crops. and livestock breeding farms, demonstration coffee plantations, gardens. However, Ch. a brake on the development of s. x-va continue to be a feud, a relationship. The government carried out certain measures aimed at weakening the feuds and duties of the peasants.

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UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ethiopia There are 9 names in Ethiopia (as of 2013). The overall World Heritage List for 2016 includes 1,052 sites. Thus, the share of Ethiopian sites in the world is approximately 0.8%. Completed by geography teacher MBOU Secondary School No. 8, Ussuriysk Nagornaya Ekaterina Vladimirovna

Ethiopia is the first Christian country and the second most populous state in Africa, one of the oldest in the world, independent since time immemorial, a country of great history and endless legends.

1. Lalibela is a city in northern Ethiopia, famous for its stone-hewn Christian churches. One of the country's holy places, second only to Aksum in importance, is a center of pilgrimage for the country's population. Unlike Aksum, almost all residents of Lalibela are Christians of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. Lalibela was intended to become the New Jerusalem in response to the Muslim takeover of Jerusalem, which is why many of the city's historic buildings bear the name and design of Jerusalem buildings. 1978 included in the UNESCO list

For centuries, pilgrims have made their way through mountain passes and valleys to the holy city of Lalibela. Hunger, thirst, and cold accompanied them on the way, but the purpose of such travel is worth it. “New Jerusalem”, this place is not called so by chance. The Churches of Sinai and Golgotha, the Sorrowful Way, the Mount of Olives, all this is on the territory of a very small town in northern Ethiopia. Everything around is reminiscent of biblical stories. Thanks to this, wandering mantises feel themselves in close proximity to the Holy Sepulcher. The local Jordan River dries up when there is no rain. And then a sacred cross appears, installed at its bottom, as if reminding that God never leaves his children...

Rising to a height of 2600 m above sea level, on the slope of Mount Abuna Yosef, you can see the greatest miracle of these places. A whole complex of churches is carved out of stone right in the rock. You can't see them from the road; the domes are at ground level. It seems incredible that in the 12th century there were engineering geniuses capable of creating such fantastic structures. Everything was calculated down to the centimeter, the location of columns, inside and outside, altars, decorations. There is artesian water and a drainage system, many labyrinths and various sanctuaries, where even most clergy still have no access.

Abuna Yosef is a mountain in Ethiopia. Its height reaches up to 4301 m above sea level. It is located in the Amhara region, near the Ethiopian Highlands. A notable landmark on this mountain is the church

The height of the buildings reaches 12 meters, and they have been standing for at least 800 years. Evidence of this grandiose construction has not yet been found. Therefore, history is “overgrown” with myths and legends. Church of St. George in Lalibela, Ethiopia.

The beauty of these buildings is amazing. Even more amazing is the time in which they were made. It took only 23-27 years to build them. According to ancient myths, workers worked on the structures during the day, and angels came to the rescue at night. They also say that the Templars, who came to help their co-religionists in the fight against Islam, supported the workers in the construction of the temple complex.

Separate from everyone else, the Temple of St. George is located. If you look at it from above, you can see a large cross, 12 meters wide. The height (or depth) is also 12 m. You can only get to the temple through a narrow tunnel. But the courtyard is very wide; believers often stop here to rest and pray.

Until recently, it was believed that there were eleven churches in total, but about five years ago, under the rubble formed in the 16th century after a Muslim raid, ministers discovered another one, dedicated to a local martyr saint. The fact that this is not just some large room, but a church is proved by the cross and shrines found in it.

2. Fasil Ghebbi is a fortress of the city of Gondar in the Ethiopian Amhara region. In the XVI-XVII centuries. The fortress served as the residence of the Emperor Fasilidas of Ethiopia and his successors. The old walled city is surrounded by a 900-meter wall, behind which there are palaces, churches, monasteries and unique public and private buildings. The architecture of the buildings bears imprints of Indian and Arabic styles. The buildings were later modified in the Baroque style that came to Gondar thanks to the Jesuit missionaries. In 1979, Fassil Ghebbi was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Gondar was founded in 1632. In 1704, an earthquake occurred that severely damaged the fortress. In the 19th century, the former residence of the kings was plundered by the Sudanese Mahdists. During the Italian occupation of East Africa, an unsuccessful restoration was carried out. In 1941, the buildings were used by the high command of Mussolini's army, and the fortress was damaged by British air raids. The fortress was closed to the public for 11 years, during which UNESCO carried out restoration of the monuments. The attraction reopened in 2005.

3. Aksum is a city in northern Ethiopia named after the Kingdom of Aksum, a maritime and trading power that dominated the region from about 400 BC. e. until the 10th century AD e. Medieval sources sometimes referred to this kingdom as "Ethiopia". The city is located at an altitude of 2130 meters above sea level. Axum Airport is located in the vicinity of Axum. Appreciating their historical value, in 1980 UNESCO included the archaeological sites of Axum in the list of world historical heritage sites.

The main Aksumite monuments in the city are the steles. The largest number of them lie in the Northern Park of Steles. The obelisks vary in size, the largest being the Great Stele, 33 meters high, which is believed to have fallen during construction. One of the highest is the 24-meter Stele of King Ezana. Another stele, stolen by the Italian army, was returned to Ethiopia only in 2005, and as of July 2008 is in the process of being installed. Steles are believed to mark graves. Attached to their sides were cast metal disks with carved architectural forms. The steles are interspersed with graves, mostly from the 4th century.

The world's largest obelisk is Axum, Ethiopia. The archaeological zone of Aksum contains 176 steles.

Other attractions in the city include the Church of St. Mary of Zion, built in 1665, which is said to house the Ark of the Covenant (a famous 12th-century church of the same name is located next door), archaeological and ethnographic museums. Local legend claims that the Queen of Sheba herself lived in the city.

4. Tiya is a city in southern Ethiopia with 3363 inhabitants (2005). Located in the Gurage zone of the Southern Peoples and Nationalities region south of Addis Ababa, bordering the Oromia region. Near the city, 36 prehistoric steles have been preserved. Age and origin have not been reliably established. They are very similar to the steles at Aksum, which are also in Ethiopia, but older and higher than them. These steles have been an archaeological World Heritage Site since 1980.

The archaeological site of Tiya consists of 36 huge stone monoliths, including 32 steles with images of swords and other mysterious signs and symbols carved on their surfaces, most of which have not yet been deciphered. Monoliths with a height of 1 to 5 meters have different shapes - flat, cone-shaped or round. Who created these steles, for what purpose and at what time is not established. During archaeological excavations, skeletons of people killed in battle were discovered; their ages range from 18 to 30 years. Scientists suggest that the steles could have appeared in the period from the 11th to the 13th centuries; their most likely purpose was tombstones at the site of mass graves of soldiers who died in battle.

To date, the most reliable version is the assumption that the swords carved on the monoliths mean either the number of people buried in this place, or the number of deaths at the hands of the warrior who found his last refuge here. For now, the mysterious Tiya monoliths sacredly keep their secrets, but there is hope that further research will answer the questions of who, why and when built these steles.

5. The fortified historical city of Harar Jugol is the fourth “holy city” for Muslims after Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem, located in Ethiopia. The city of Harar-Jugol is surrounded by desert and savannah, on a plateau dissected by deep gorges. The fortified historical part of the city is surrounded by walls built in the 13th - 16th centuries.

From the late 16th to the 19th century it was known as a center of trade and Islamic learning. Over its long history, Harar Jugol was an independent emirate, then occupied by Egypt, and in 1887 it became part of Ethiopia. The Harari people are famous for the development of their crafts, the main of which are weaving and basket weaving. In 2006, Harar-Jugol was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

6. Konso cultural landscape. The object is unique, or at least exceptional, to a cultural tradition or civilization that still exists or has disappeared. The site is an outstanding example of a human traditional structure, with traditional use of land or sea, being an example of culture or human interaction with the environment. Year listed: 2011

The site covers an area of ​​55 sq km in the Konso Highlands of Ethiopia. Its landscape is formed by terraces supported by stone walls with fortified settlements scattered among them. Here is a clear example of a living cultural tradition that has developed in this harsh and arid habitat over 21 generations (more than 4,000 years).