Kyrgyz mountains. Interesting facts: The majestic mountains of Kyrgyzstan. Sacred Mountain of Suleiman

The photos were taken during a trip to Kyrgyzstan in the spring of this year, but somehow everyone didn’t get around to them. It's just a set beautiful views this wonderful mountainous country. As usual, we will accompany the photo with a short story.

More than three quarters of the territory of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by mountains. Pobeda Peak, 7439 m high - highest point countries (the northernmost seven-thousander on Earth on the Chinese side, Pobeda Peak, is called Mount Tomur). The territory of Kyrgyzstan is located within two mountain systems. Its northeastern part, which is larger in area, lies within the Tien Shan, and the southwestern part lies within the Pamir-Alai. The state borders of Kyrgyzstan run mainly along the ridges of mountain ranges. Only in the north and southwest, in the densely populated Chui and Fergana valleys, - along the foothills of the mountains and foothill plains.
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The entire territory of the republic lies above 401 m above sea level; more than half of it is located at altitudes from 1000 to 3000 m and about a third at altitudes from 3000 to 4000 m. Mountain ranges occupy about a quarter of the territory and extend in parallel chains mainly in the latitudinal direction. In the east, the main ridges of the Tien Shan come together in the area of ​​the Meridional Ridge, creating a powerful mountain junction. Here (on the border with China and Kazakhstan) the peaks of Pobeda (7439 m) and Khan Tengri (6995 m) rise.
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Geographically, Kyrgyzstan is conventionally divided into two parts - the south (southwest) and the north. The northern and southern regions are connected by the high-mountain highway Bishkek - Osh. On the way of the north-south highway, the Tyo-Ashuu pass (3800 m above sea level), the Suusamyr valley, the Ala-Bel pass (3200 m), the protected area - the Chychkan gorge, the Toktogul reservoir, the Kek-Bel pass (2700 m) and the exit to the Fergana Valley.
4.

The population of Kyrgyzstan is 5.5 million people (January 2010). This is significantly more than lived in the country in 1959 (2.065 million), 1970 (2.935 million), 1979 (3.523 million), 1989 (4.258 million), 1999 (4.823 million). Until the 1960s, the population of the republic grew rapidly due to migration and natural growth, which was especially significant among rural Kyrgyz, Uzbeks and other Central Asian peoples.
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The core of the country's population - 72.16% - are Kyrgyz. The Kyrgyz live throughout the country and predominate in most rural areas. Russians make up 6.87%, dispersed mainly in cities and villages in the north of the republic. Uzbeks, who make up 14.34% of the population, are concentrated in the southwest of the country in the areas bordering Uzbekistan.
6.

Some Germans lived in the region already in the 19th century, when the first German Mennonites began to settle in the region, leaving their homes due to religious persecution. There were only a few thousand people living in the north, in the Talas region, where they founded the village-settlements of Nikolaipol, Vladimirovka, Andreevka, Romanovka, later connected to Nikolaipol. Back in 1944, about 4,000 Germans lived in the Kyrgyz SSR. In 1941-1945 in the republics Central Asia About 500,000 Germans were resettled. In 1989, 101,000 Germans lived in the Kyrgyz SSR, which accounted for 2.4% of the total population of the republic.
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At the end of the 19th century, shortly after the suppression of the Dungan uprising by the central government of China, thousands of Dungans (Muslim Chinese) moved to Kyrgyzstan from northwestern China. Traditionally, the Dungans were valued as good farmers and gardeners, and their watered gardens served as a model for their neighbors. (It is worth noting that the ethnonym “Dungan” is used mainly in Russia and other CIS countries: in China, their self-name “Hui” is used. In addition to farming, gardening and horticulture, the traditional occupation of the Dungans in Central Asia is trade and small business (for example, restaurant).The area of ​​primary settlement of this minority is the Chui Valley (Tokmok, the village of Aleksandrovka, Milyanfan, Ken-Bulun), the village of Tashirov (Osh region, Kara-Suu district) and the area of ​​Lake Issyk-Kul (Karakol, the village of Yrdyk). The street in Bishkek used to be called Dunganskaya.
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The vast majority of believers in Kyrgyzstan are Sunni Muslims. There are also Christians: Orthodox, Catholics.
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Since ancient times, the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan has been inhabited by Scythians, also called Sakas. At the beginning of our era, the Wusuns migrated to the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan from the east (Xinjiang), who were replaced by the Hephthalites (“White Huns”), and then the Sasanians. In the early Middle Ages, the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan was inhabited by Turks, direct descendants of the Saks. In the 7th century, the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan became part of the Western Turkic Kaganate, and in the 8th century - into the Turkic Karluk Kaganate. In the 12th century, the city of Uzgen ( oldest city on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan) and Balasagun become the centers of the Karakhanid state, which was replaced by the Karakitai Khanate. In the 13th century, the lands of modern Kyrgyzstan were conquered by the Mughals and became part of the Chagatai ulus, from which semi-nomadic Mogolistan emerged in 1347, where the hegemony belonged to the Dulats.
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First state entities on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan arose in the second century BC. e., when the southern agricultural regions of the country became part of the Parkan state. In the IV-III centuries. BC, the ancestors of the Kyrgyz were part of powerful tribal unions of Central Asian nomads, which very seriously disturbed China. It was then that construction began on the Great Chinese wall. In the 2nd-1st centuries. BC, part of the Kyrgyz tribes left the rule of the Huns (Xiongnu) to the Yenisei. It was here that they formed their first state, the Kyrgyz Kaganate. It became the center of consolidation of the Yenisei Kyrgyz and the formation of their culture. The first ancient Turkic runic writing arose here. Runic inscriptions have been preserved on stone monuments. The destruction of the state under the blows of the conquerors led to the loss of writing. The epic “Manas”, unprecedented in volume, is a genuine encyclopedia that incorporates historical events, information about the society, customs and life of the Kyrgyz people.
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From the middle of the 9th to the beginning of the 10th century, the Kyrgyz Kaganate covered Southern Siberia, Mongolia, Baikal, the upper reaches of the Irtysh, and part of Kashgaria. The heyday of the state of the Yenisei Kyrgyz was not only a period of conquest, but also of trade exchange with the Chinese, Tibetans, and the peoples of Southern Siberia, Central and Middle Asia. It was during this period that the ancestors of modern Kyrgyz, after the victory over the Uyghur Khaganate, first entered the territory of the Tien Shan. However, in the 10th century, only Southern Siberia, Altai and Southwestern Mongolia remained under the rule of the Yenisei Kyrgyz. In the XI-XII centuries. their possessions were reduced to Altai and Sayan. Meanwhile, parts of the Kyrgyz tribes scattered over a vast space took an active part in the events with which the history of the countries of Central and Inner Asia is rich.
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Resisting the power of the Kokand khans, individual Kyrgyz tribes accepted Russian citizenship and became agents of Russian expansion in Central Asia. In 1855-1863, the territory of modern northern Kyrgyzstan was recaptured from the Kokand Khanate by troops of Colonel Chernyaev and became part of Russian Empire. A number of Kyrgyz leaders resisted the Russian conquest. One of the powerful uprisings against Russia was the movement of the Kyrgyz mullah (the uprising of Pulat Khan) in Fergana in 1873-76.
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An outpost of Przhevalsk was founded on Kyrgyz lands. Southern Kyrgyzstan (together with Fergana and northern Tajikistan) after the defeat of the Kokand Khanate in 1876 was included in the Russian Empire as the Semirechensk region (the administrative center is the city of Verny).
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In Russia, it was difficult to distinguish the Kazakhs (Kyrgyz-Kaisaks) from the Kyrgyz proper (Kara-Kyrgyz), many of whose tribes continued to engage in nomadic cattle breeding, unlike the Fergana Kyrgyz, Kipchaks, Tajiks, Turks and Sarts.
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In 1910, the first mines were opened on the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan and industrial mining of coal (Kok-Zhangak) began. The miners were migrants from Russia who very early came under the influence of revolutionary social democratic circles.
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For the time being, the tsarist government did not interfere in the life of the Kyrgyz, but the First World War led to the need to mobilize the population for trench work. As a result, on August 10, 1916, an uprising broke out, sweeping Russian Turkestan, including the nomads of the Kyrgyz and Kazakhs. The wrath of the rebels fell primarily on the Russian settlers, of whom up to 2,000 people were killed. The uprising was brutally suppressed. Almost half of the Kyrgyz population of the Issyk-Kul region was exterminated. Some of the Kyrgyz fled to China, where subsequently the Kyzylsu-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region was even formed in the border province of Xinjiang.
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The revolutions in Petrograd in 1917 were met with ambiguity in the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan (southern Semirechye). It is known that not only Russian miners, but the “feudal elite” of the Kyrgyz tribes supported the revolution. Whereas Russian peasant settlers were nominated as “kulaks” and they rebelled against the surplus appropriation policy. The uprising was suppressed, and the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan was included in Soviet Turkestan, the administrative center of which was Tashkent. In 1924 Railway Turksib (the construction of which began in tsarist times) connected Pishkek with Almaty and Novosibirsk
20.

According to the national-state demarcation of the Soviet republics of Central Asia, on October 14, 1924, the Kara-Kyrgyz Autonomous Region (from May 25, 1925 - Kyrgyz) Autonomous Region was formed as part of the RSFSR (headed by Kamensky and Aidarbekov), on February 1, 1926 it was transformed into the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (one of the first chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars became the republic Zh. Abdrakmanov), and on December 5, 1936 - to the Kirghiz SSR. In 1936, Kyrgyzstan received the status of a Union Republic (USSR), the capital of which was the city of Frunze (formerly Pishpek).
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Behind short term The Kirghiz (like many other Turkic peoples of the USSR) changed their alphabet three times: from Arabic to Latin, and from Latin to Cyrillic.
22.

During the years of Perestroika, all the national outskirts of the USSR experienced an increase in national revival on the one hand and interethnic tension on the other. Coupled with the ineffectiveness of command and control, this often led to bloody excesses, one of which was the Osh massacre of 1990.
23.

In the wake of the crisis in the USSR, which culminated in the defeat of the Emergency Committee, the Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan proclaimed the sovereignty of the republic on August 31, 1991. Two years later, on May 5, 1993, the first Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic was adopted, which established a presidential form of government. Like Russia, Kyrgyzstan experienced a stage of confrontation between the president and the pro-communist parliament. In 1993, the country was rocked by the first corruption scandal associated with the name of Prime Minister Tursunbek Chyngyshev, as a result of which Apas Dzhumagulov, a representative of the old party nomenklatura, became the new head of government (in 1993-1998). On May 10, 1993, Kyrgyzstan introduced its own National currency- catfish
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At the turn of the millennium, the republic was unwittingly involved in the fight against terrorism, which was anticipated by geopolitical instability near the southern borders. In 1999, Kyrgyzstan was rocked by the Batken events, when militants of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan tried to break out of Tajikistan through the territory of Kyrgyzstan into Uzbekistan. In 2001, the American Manas airbase was located in Kyrgyzstan. The first symptom of the crisis was the Aksy events of 2002. Then the Tulip Revolution occurred on March 24, 2005, ending the 15-year reign of Askar Akayev (1990-2005). The new president was the representative of the “poor south” Kurmanbek Bakiyev (2005-2010), who failed to stabilize the situation in the country.
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Bakiyev was overthrown during another revolution on April 7, 2010. Power passed to a provisional government headed by the leader of the last revolution, Roza Otunbayeva. Clashes between supporters of the new and old authorities provoked an interethnic conflict between the Kyrgyz and Uzbeks in the south of the country, during which over 200 people died and hundreds of thousands of Uzbeks fled the country. On June 27, 2010, a referendum was held in Kyrgyzstan, which confirmed the powers of Roza Otunbayeva as head of state for the transition period until 2011, and a new constitution was adopted, approving a parliamentary form of government in the country.
26.

On October 30, 2011, presidential elections were held; out of 16 candidates, A. Atambayev won with 63.24% of the votes. In total, about 1,858,596 (61.28%) citizens voted.
27.story about this trip

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• Landscapes of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan is unique country in the world, which, so to speak, is all in the mountains. Judge for yourself, the most nadir Kyrgyzstan is located at an altitude of 132 meters above sea level, and the territory below 1000 meters above sea level makes up only 5.8 percent of the entire territory of Kyrgyzstan.

Mountains of Suusamyr

The majestic Pamir Mountains

For your information, 22.6 percent of the country's territory is located at an altitude of 1 to 2 km above sea level, a little more than 30 percent is at an altitude of 2 to 3 km, 34 percent is from 3 to 4 km and 7 percent is at an altitude of over 4 km. km from sea level.

Scarlet poppies against the background of snow-white mountains of the Kyrgyz Alatoo

In this regard, Kyrgyzstan is a favorite place of pilgrimage for many climbers, mountain lovers active rest, as well as supporters of the now fashionable ecotourism. For these purposes, Kyrgyzstan has the entire list of necessary attributes. In particular, there are numerous mountain peaks and peaks designed both for beginner climbers and those with a high category of cross-country ability. There are countless different mountain routes at your disposal, which are accessible even for small children. And the beautiful, stunning landscapes opening from the mountains will not leave anyone indifferent.

Alpine lake Karasuu

But most importantly, all the mountains of Kyrgyzstan are located in close proximity from transport passable road routes, which makes them even more accessible.

"Fairy Tale" Teskey Alatoo

Kyrgyz horsemen against the backdrop of the Talas Mountains

Main mountain systems of Kyrgyzstan

The mountains of Kyrgyzstan belong to the mountain systems of the mighty Tien Shan and the no less majestic Pamirs. At the same time, the Tien Shan, which means “heavenly mountains,” occupies a significant part of the country’s territory.

The majestic peak of Pobeda above the clouds

Khan Tengri is one of the seven-thousanders in Central Asia

On the territory of Kyrgyzstan there are 3 of the 5 seven-thousanders in Central Asia, in particular, Pobeda Peak (7439 meters above sea level), Lenin Peak (7134 meters) and Khan Tengri Peak (7010 meters). Two more seven-thousanders are located in Tajikistan (Communism Peak - 7495 m and Korzhenevsky Peak - 7105 m). For your information, climbers who conquer all of the above 5 seven-thousanders receive the honorary title “Snow Leopard” and a corresponding certificate.

Kemin Mountains

Snow-white peaks of Teskey Ala-Tau

The main mountain ranges on the territory of Kyrgyzstan are the following (sorted by ridge length):

Abundance landscape resources or interesting geological features often plays an important role in determining the international tourism image of the country concerned. Tourists can travel thousands of kilometers just to see such famous natural wonders of the world as the Himalayas, Great barrier reef, Grand Canyon, Fuji, etc.

The main natural attractions of Kyrgyzstan: lakes Issyk-Kul, Sary-Chelek, Son-Kul, Tien Shan and Pamir mountains, Inylchek glacier, Khan Tengri, Pobeda, Lenin peaks, Jety-Oguz gorge, Kozho-Kelen valley, Kokomeren river, Arslanbab forests, numerous gorges and passes, mysterious caves, waterfalls and healing springs are important landscape elements that have the potential to attract large numbers of visitors. While none of these sites are the tallest, largest, deepest, or rarest in the world, they are strikingly beautiful and world-class attractions. However, it should be emphasized that no more than 15% of the potential of these attractions is used.

The mountain landscape of the republic is complex and extremely diverse. The lowest altitude of the territory above sea level is 401 m, and the highest is 7439 m. More than 93% of the territory is occupied by mountains and only 7% falls on valleys and plains.

A characteristic feature of the landscape is alternation high mountains and intermountain basins, sultry deserts and dry mountain steppes, alpine and subalpine meadows, high-mountain glaciers and peaks.

It is not for nothing that Kyrgyzstan is called the “country of heavenly mountains”. Almost 90% of the territory of the republic lies above 1500 meters above sea level. Other peaks of mountain ranges soared up to 6, or even 7 thousand meters. There are three highest peaks (after the peak of Communism in the Pamirs, 7495) here: the peaks of Pobeda (7439), Lenin (7134), Khan Tengri (6995).

Difficult peaks attract brave athletes. Climbers from various cities and countries come here every year to conquer the icy peaks of the Tien Shan.

The first ascent to the Khan Tengri peak, which was considered inaccessible, was made on September 11, 1931 by the expedition of M. T. Pogrebetsky.

It has a pointed pyramidal shape, composed of marbles and marbled limestones. Translated from the Kyrgyz language it means “lord of the sky.”

Located 20 km south of Khan Tengri. The first ascent was made in 1938 by members of a Soviet expedition led by A. A. Letavet. The peak was called the peak of 20 years of the Komsomol.

In 1943, Soviet topographers led by P.N. Rapasov determined the true height of the peak - 7439 m and it was named Pobeda Peak.

The most high peak Chon-Alai ridge - Lenin Peak- rises in its central part on the border of Kyrgyzstan with Tajikistan. The crest of the ridge, above which Lenin Peak rises, has a continuous cover of firn and ice. The glaciers of the Big and Small Saukdar descend to the south, and to the north - Lenin glacier.

The first Soviet ascent of the mountain was made by climbers E. Abalakov, K. Chernukha, I. Lukin in 1934. Having reached the top, they laid a stone tour on it, wrapped it in scarlet cloth and installed a bust of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

Eternal ice, 50-degree frosts, blizzards, blizzards. We connect all this with the Arctic and the Arctic Ocean. But it rarely occurred to anyone that sunny Kyrgyzstan has its own Arctic, in some ways not inferior to the Arctic Far North. The same ice, the same frosts, the same blizzards and blizzards, and all this all year round.
“A transcendental country” in the truest sense of the word. Gigantic mountains hold her on their shoulders, clouds hide her from human gaze...

The transcendental country has its own seasons, which essentially boil down to eternal winter. There is unmelting ice there, the glaciation area in the Tien Shan is 7200 square meters. km. Glaciers are storehouses that store water among the vast waterless expanses of Central Asia. Here the word “water” is a synonym for the word “life”.

The volume of water contained in the glaciers of the Central Tien Shan is 650 cubic kilometers. The glaciers surrounding Issyk-Kul contain 13 times more water than all its 80 rivers bring into the lake annually.

In the Khan Tengri massif alone, glaciers occupy an area of ​​almost 2.5 thousand square meters. km, equal to the territory of Luxembourg.

One of largest centers glaciations in the Tien Shan, and throughout Central Asia - Akshiyrak. There are 131 glaciers in Akshiyrak.

The largest in the Tien Shan and the second (after the Fedchenko glacier in length) of the mountain-valley glaciers is Enilchek, consisting of Southern and Northern Enilchek. The length of Southern Enilchek is more than 60 km. On the left side it has tributaries-glaciers: Zvezdochka, Dikiy, Proletarsky Tourism, Komsomolets and others.

The Northern Enilchek, or Reznichenko Glacier, is separated from the Southern by the latitudinal Sredinny Range with the Khan Tengri Peak in the east. Its length is more than 38 km.

It was first described by the geographer-researcher of Central Asia A.V. Kaulbars in 1869.

90 years after this, glaciologists found that since the time of Kaulbars, the glacier had shortened by 1.5 km.

Glacier is one of the wonders of the Tien Shan. Named after the German traveler who first described it.

Between the South and North Enilchek glaciers there is a lake filled with melt water from the glacier and snowy shores. The mountainous shores of the lake are encased in ice in some places. From time to time, a “piece” weighing several thousand tons breaks off from them and crashes into the water with a roar. It will dive and then come up and float like a white iceberg.

Gradually, the lake fills up, the water level becomes higher, the pile of hummocks and icebergs rises higher until the ice floes that until now “plugged” the hole somewhere at the bottom rise. There is a lake breakthrough. The water goes into a tunnel cut by it in the thickness of the glacier and goes under the ice bed for about 20 km, breaking out at the place where the glacier ends and the Enilchek river begins.

Sometimes up to two spillways occur in a year, usually occurring in August and September. During the breakthrough, the small river Enilchek becomes a powerful and formidable stream, which carries huge boulders like grains of sand. When the water subsides, the retaining wall of the glacier is exposed - 40-60 m.

Then the lake gradually fills with water again, and it again murmurs along the wall in light streams, flowing into the valley.

When the spillway is in progress, there is a roar along the entire route of the sub-ice channel. Strange sounds can also be heard near the lake: a low, guttural rumble, as if someone huge was swallowing stones and grinding them in its monstrous stomach. This is Enilchek's voice. The glacier resembles a 24-hour stone rolling factory. There are never lunch breaks here.

Can ice be called hot? Everyone knows that its temperature does not rise above zero. However, a day spent on a glacier will reward you with burns that can only be obtained by being in the flames of a fire.

A square centimeter of the horizontal surface of the Tien Shan glaciers at noon receives 1.5 calories of heat per minute, and about 600 calories during daylight hours. With light cloud cover promoting heat return, the amount of solar heat on the glacier can increase to 800 calories. These numbers are the maximum for our planet. Neither at the equator nor in the tropics is there such a high voltage of solar radiation.

“The country of mountains”, Kyrgyzstan can also be called the “country of valleys”. There are many valleys in the republic - wide and narrow, sunny and shady, fertile and desert. The most famous of them is Chuyskaya.

The most important of the intermountain basins are: low-mountain depressions - Talas (length 140 km, width up to 26 km) and Chui (250 and 60 km, respectively); mid-mountain - Issyk-Kul (250 and 70 km) and Srednenarynskaya (170 and 54 km); alpine - Aksai-Myudyurumskaya (180 and 30 km) and Alaiskaya (165 and 25 km). The most extensive of the basins is the Fergana basin, 340 km long and 160 km wide.

The Tien Shan is characterized by many formidable natural phenomena. One of the most destructive is an earthquake.

It may last a fraction of a second, but cause enormous damage. Scientists have calculated that about a million earthquakes of varying strength occur on Earth every year. Of these, more than 100 thousand are recorded by sensitive instruments. About a thousand of them are destructive and more than a hundred are catastrophic.

Every year and repeatedly our mountains tremble. Mountain building in the Tien Shan is not complete, the mountains are still “growing”, this is one of the reasons for earthquakes. Nowadays, in all major cities in the Tien Shan and in the neighboring lowland regions of Central Asia, seismic stations are equipped with the latest instruments, which keep a round-the-clock watch, sensitively listening to the pulse of the planet.

In 1975, the Institute of Seismology was founded as part of the Academy of Sciences of the Kirghiz SSR. Its tasks are to study seismicity on the territory of the republic and monitor deformation earth's crust to detect signs of an earthquake.

The Institute of Seismology has determined the degree of seismic hazard for a number of regions of Kyrgyzstan, in particular, microseismic mapping of Frunze, Tokmak, Rybachye, and Osh has been carried out.

The strongest earthquake in the Tien Shan (magnitude 10 at the epicenter) over the last 2-3 centuries occurred on the night of January 4, 1911. Its epicenter was located in the middle reaches of the Chon-Kemin River. It went down in history as the Kemin earthquake. Only in the river valley. Chon-Kemin killed 248 people and many livestock.

Scientists have calculated the energy of the earthquake. It turned out that the energy released in this case was equivalent to the amount that the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Station can produce in 325 years with all turbines at full load.

In November 1946, the Chatkal earthquake struck with a force of 9 points, in 1954 - the Dyurbeldzhinsky (7 points), in 1955 - the Ulugchatsky (6-7 points), in 1958 - the Sonkul (6-7 points), in 1961 - Alai and Mailisai (6 points), in 1962 - Kokyangak (7 points). Other catastrophic earthquakes are also memorable. Tashkent (1966), Sarykamysh (1970), Tyup (1978).

Huge destructive power mudflows- mud and stone flows that suddenly appear and act briefly in river beds. One of the catastrophic mudflows occurred in June 1966 from a dam breakthrough mountain lake Zhashil-Kel in the valley of the river. Tegersword. The lake appeared 200 years ago from an earthquake.

With a terrible roar, large granite boulders were thrown out of the broken dam, like artillery cannonballs. Water gushed after them, dragging the mud and stone mass with it. The lake has disappeared. To the river valley Tegermech collapsed 15 million cubic meters. m of water along with 3 million cubic meters. m of stones and dirt. According to specialists' calculations, the maximum flow rate reached 5 thousand cubic meters. m per second.

Humanity does not remain an outside observer of the manifestations of the unbridled forces of nature. Hydrologists of the republic have taken into account the prevalence of mudflow-prone valleys, which helps in the fight against the destructive power of mudflows. Nature itself suggests the path to taming mudflows. It turns out that the more mountain spurs are covered with forest, the fewer mudflows are formed on their slopes.

In addition to forest reclamation works, the construction of seleduks over canals and roads, as well as mudflow protection dams near settlements. An avalanche of snow, which the mountains can bring down at any moment, is a powerful weapon ice world against the person invading it. Nothing predicts its appearance: the sky is clear, the sun is shining, there is no wind, there is silence all around. And suddenly... the alarmingly growing whistle in an instant turns into a roar, a roar, an explosion. The sky, air, mountains disappear, the whole world begins to move - a white whirlwind, a white collapse, white heaviness, white death... This is an avalanche, one of the most formidable phenomena of nature.

No more than a minute passes, again - the gentle sky overhead, the hot sun, calm, silence...

There are six snow avalanche research stations operating in the snows of the Kyrgyz ridge, Susamyr, Kavak, and Chatkal.

“Avalanche watchers” monitor the behavior of snow, the development of avalanches, 24/7, predict the possibility of a disaster, and prevent it.

The unusual nature of glacial landscapes and landscapes, the dangers and difficulties that tourists experience while on glaciers are the strongest attractive factor. Glaciers are becoming a desirable tourist product and are widely used by tour operators in the resource base of adventure and extreme species tourism.

BISHKEK, February 23 – Sputnik. Most The territory of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by mountains, which is why the republic is one of favorite places climbers all over the world. For mountain climbers, our country is a real paradise. The Sputnik Kyrgyzstan news agency has compiled a list of the seven highest peaks in the republic.

© Sputnik / Polyakov

1. Pobeda Peak- the highest mountain peak in Kyrgyzstan. It is located in the mountains of the Tien Shan range east of Lake Issyk-Kul, closer to the Kyrgyz-Chinese border. Pobeda Peak, like Lenin Peak, was one of the five seven-thousanders of the former USSR. Its height is 7439 meters above sea level. The summit was not summited until 1956.

© Sputnik / Viktor Chernov

Lenin Peak

2. Height of Lenin Peak— 7134 meters above sea level. The mountain peak is located on the Chon-Alai ridge, located between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Lenin Peak was first conquered in 1928.

© Photo / Gennady Zakirov

Khan Tengri Peak or known in mountaineering circles as the “lord of the sky”

3. Khan Tengri Peak or known in mountaineering circles as the “lord of the sky” is located on the Tengri-Tag ridge, located on the border of Kazakhstan, China and Kyrgyzstan. Its height is 7010 meters above sea level.

4. Military Topographers Peak, 6873 meters above sea level is located in the Central Tien Shan on the Muztag massif.

The next three peaks are located in the same area, but are slightly inferior in height to Military Topographer. Thus, in the upper reaches of the South Inylchek glacier there is a series of famous six-thousanders: Friendship Peak(6,800 meters), peak tent(6,700 meters) and Chapaev Peak(6371 meters).

Kyrgyzstan is a state in Central Asia. Capital - Bishkek, big cities- Osh, Karakol, Naryn. This is a country with oriental flavor, nomadic yurts, noisy bazaars, archaeological monuments from the times of the Great Silk Road.

Nature is one of the main wealth of the country. Kyrgyzstan surprises with its mountain rivers with waterfalls, unique mountain lakes and hot springs. Only here you can see the only fruit and nut fruits in the world relict forests. Almost the entire territory of the country is occupied by mountains; the most outstanding peaks of the Tien Shan and Pamirs are located here. Climbing and trekking routes of varying difficulty are popular among tourists. In winter, ski resorts are active.

The cuisine is rich in meat and dairy dishes, among which kumiss has a special place. Tea drinking is a traditional ceremony, accompanied by local sweets and dried fruits. Handicrafts will make excellent souvenirs: felt clothing and carpets, jewelry and wood carvings.

The best hotels and inns at affordable prices.

from 500 rubles/day

What to see in Kyrgyzstan?

The most interesting and Beautiful places, photographs and brief description.

A very large and deep lake, the largest in the country. The maritime climate and convenient beaches have made Issyk-Kul popular among tourists. The infrastructure on the coast is very well developed and offers various recreational opportunities. The fauna of the reservoir is diverse, represented by many species of fish. The water is mineralized and has healing properties.

A large mountain system, part of it is located on the territory of Kyrgyzstan. On the border with China there is the most outstanding peak - Pobeda, its height is more than 7000 meters. The landscape is represented by deserts, glaciers, mountain rivers and lakes.

Nature reserve in the mountains. Forests untouched by man, mountain rivers with waterfalls, glacial lake- the gorge is very beautiful at any time of the year. It contains many hot healing springs. Mineralized water, radon water, hydrogen sulfide water - in one area the sources are all different. You can take thermal baths all year round.

The mountain in southern Kyrgyzstan is the country's first UNESCO monument. The appearance of Suleiman-Too is unusual - it is an elongated five-domed massif of limestone rocks, more than a kilometer long. The mountain and its elephants are home to several historical sites and buildings dating back to different eras. There is also a museum of its history here.

In the mountains there is a village of the same name, a resort, a tract, waterfalls and a unique relict walnut forest. This is one of the most beautiful resorts in the south of the country. The area is picturesque and unique in its own way. Tourists at the resort are offered: walking routes, and excursion trips on SUVs.

Natural park in the river valley. It is located near Bishkek and is its main attraction. In the gorge you can find all climatic zones of Kyrgyzstan. The vegetation and fauna are very diverse, with many rare representatives. Popular place for hiking and mountaineering.

Picturesque gorge south coast Issyk-Kul. The long wooded valley is famous for its thermal springs (Jety Oguz resort) and picturesque red rocks. The Seven Bulls Ridge and Broken Heart Rock attract many tourists.

An archaeological and architectural complex, including an ancient minaret - the only surviving structure of the ancient settlement. The height of the tower was about 40 meters, now only half has been preserved. The building consists of several levels, all made of red brick. Nearby is a collection of stone tombstones and sculptures.

A building built in the 15th century on the site of an even more ancient monastery. Located in a secluded valley among the mountains, not far from the border with China. Monument of medieval architecture. Later it was used as a caravanserai for merchants traveling along the Great Silk Road.

Most ancient monument Republic, a unique architectural structure of the 14th century. The building is the tomb of one of the daughters of the local ruler Amir Abuk. The mausoleum is made of brick and terracotta, decorated with carvings and inscriptions.

In the Saimaly-Tash tract, in the depths of the Fergana Range, there is an ancient sanctuary of fire worshipers. Many stones are decorated with ancient petroglyphs; their age is estimated at several thousand years. In total there are about 20 thousand stones with images in the valley.

One of the Tien Shan glaciers, the largest of all. Its outline resembles a tree, the crown of which is formed by about 70 other, large and small, glaciers. The area of ​​Inylchek is about 500 km², and the length of the “tongue” is almost 50 kilometers.

Large alpine lake, located between the Tien Shan ranges. Popular ecotourism destination. Part of the coast of the reservoir is part of the state reserve. There are a lot of fish in the lake, and a variety of birds nest on the shore.

A deep and long freshwater lake, the second largest in Kyrgyzstan. Located high in the mountains, on the territory biosphere reserve. It was formed about 10 thousand years ago. The banks are wooded and very picturesque. A popular route for ecotourism.

A real oriental bazaar with a variety of goods and sellers not only local, but also from neighboring states. There is more choice here than anywhere else in Central Asia. The market is the same age as the Great Silk Road, which ran through this place before. The bazaar is more than 2000 years old and it has not changed its location during this time. Very large, almost a kilometer long. Open daily, seven days a week.