Sports recreation and tourism in Buryatia. The main types and prospects for the development of recreation and tourism in Buryatia Tourism in Buryatia

The Republic of Buryatia is attractive for tourists not only for its indescribable beauty, but also for the opportunity to have a good rest. Sports tourism in the Republic of Buryatia, it began to develop relatively recently, but, despite this, every season it becomes more and more popular.

Buryatia, to the delight of tourists, has all possible resources for sports tourism. One of the most popular types of sports tourism is mountain climbing.

In Buryatia, this can be done by climbing the Munku-Sardyk peak. This peak, with a height of 3491 meters, is the highest point in Eastern Siberia. The slopes of the summit are covered with glaciers all year round. And the very top offers amazing views of the whole Buryatia. Cycling is no less popular here. Mountain ranges and hills of Buryatia will make the ride even more interesting. When a tourist flies on a mountain bike, the most beautiful landscapes will float past him and incredibly quickly change. You can take a bike with you from home, or you can rent it.

Hiking is acceptable to almost all people. It is by making such walks that you can see the most remote corners of Buryatia, which are hidden from prying eyes and are not accessible for transport. Such trips can run both along the mountain slopes and along the steppes, and even along incredible paths over cliffs or river valleys.

The Baikal region can be safely called the best in all of Russia for river rafting. It is in Buryatia that you can go all rafting on mountain rivers. By the way, everyone can choose the level of difficulty that suits them. A variety of routes, unusually clean air and grandiose canyons attract tourists to Buryatia. Here, kayaking, rafting and bikadark rafting are held annually on the slopes of rivers such as Irkut, Oka, Zun-Murin, Khara-Murin, Barguzin, Snezhnaya, Turka, Temnik, Utulik, Selenga and others.

Well, Buryatia, as it turned out, is a rather favorable area for sports tourism. It successfully combines mountain ranges and lush rivers, fresh air and beautiful nature. It should be noted that sports tourism in Buryatia will bring pleasure and enjoyment, regardless of which route and sport is chosen.

Tourist infrastructure is a set of enterprises, institutions and establishments whose activities are aimed at meeting the needs of people involved in health improvement or recreation, as well as means of communication and transport and tourist accommodation facilities that provide conditions for stable functioning. We consider it as an integral system, it consists of two subsystems: social and production, which are interconnected and interdependent with respect to the serving subject. In turn, the infrastructure to a certain extent forms tourist regions, contributes to tourist specialization and the profile of management, because due to the presence of infrastructural links between individual objects, the quality of service in a particular territory is determined.

One of the main prerequisites for the development of various types of tourism in the Republic of Belarus is the presence of Lake Baikal - a unique phenomenon on the planet, which about 80% of respondents consider the main interest in the Republic of Buryatia.

Lake Baikal, which is of world value in terms of tourism development, is a prerequisite for organizing educational water tours. However, the specificity of the wind, ice and wave regimes create certain restrictions in the recreational development of the lake. The lake is cleared of ice late - the southern part at the end of May, the northern part in the first half of June. Baikal ranks first in the world among lakes in terms of roughness, the most stormy and dangerous period in terms of excitement is October-December (the maximum wave height is 4-5 m). The sailing conditions are complicated by dense, stable fogs, the maximum frequency of which occurs in July.

Lake Baikal currently stands out among other lakes in the world for its low recreational development of the coast and in this respect it has a great recreational value for the category of tourists interested in undeveloped territories.

The territory of the Republic of Buryatia has certain natural prerequisites for organizing various types of mass recreation. The development of mass recreation and tourism is facilitated by the picturesque landscapes of the territory of the republic. The most picturesque landscapes prevail in the administrative districts adjacent to Lake Baikal - Severobaikalsky, Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky, Kabansky, as well as Zakamensky, Kurumkansky, Muisky, Okinsky, Tunkinsky and Khorinsky.

An important component of the tourist infrastructure is transport that is convenient for transporting any categories of tourists, from single tourists to specially organized tourist and excursion trains for local and long-distance communication. Bus transportation is involved in the development of tourism, the formation of tourist passenger traffic.

Bus transportation is carried out on the own buses of travel companies, as well as on rented buses in independent transport companies.

The Republic of Buryatia has modern views transport and communication. The transport complex of the republic includes 6904 km of bus routes, 1374 km of railways, 18 airports and 13920 km of local air lines, 56.6 km of tram lines, over 100 thousand passengers are transported through these communications every day.

The republic's road network is 14,097 km, including 6,297 km of public roads.

The population, organizations and enterprises of Buryatia have the opportunity to receive almost the entire range of modern telecommunication services from digital high-quality telephone to teleconferencing. New types of communication are being developed and introduced - cellular radiotelephone and paging. There are six television channels in the republic. The Internet has developed.

In the Republic of Buryatia, there are 106 registered organizations providing travel services, as well as the sale of air and train tickets, of which only 11 provide tours and recreation on Baikal, such as: LLC "WELL", LLC "Daki-Tour", LLC "Baikalkurort", LLC "Siberian Cedar", LLC "Ves Mir", LLC "Absolute Tour", LLC "Eastern Siberia", LLC "Belig-Ya", LLC "Akbes Tour", LLC "Zhasso-Tour", LLC "Sputnik - Buryatia".

In recent years, the private sector has been actively involved in receiving tourists. Private guest houses are located mainly along the coast of the lake. Baikal, in the Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky, Kabansky, Tunkinsky regions. In order to provide methodological assistance and create conditions for the development of rural tourism, Methodological Recommendations on guest houses for local governments, individuals and legal entities that provide services for temporary accommodation and accommodation of tourists have been developed and approved.

The largest supplier of sanatorium and health services is the Baikalkurort sanatorium and health resort institution, which manages the Goryachinsk sanatorium, the Baikalsky Bor children's sanatorium and health camp, and the Arshan sanatorium association.

There are many restaurants with national Buryat cuisine on the territory of the Republic. In recent years, restaurants and cafeterias in large shopping centers have been developing especially rapidly. These catering establishments work with a permanent contingent located in tourist hotels, boarding houses, sanatoriums, with a variable contingent (city restaurants, cafeterias, etc.).

Accommodation facilities for tourists occupy an important place in the provision of services. The main such establishments include hotels and similar establishments, commercial and social accommodation establishments and specialized agencies placement. Only in Ulan-Ude there are 144 hotels and similar establishments. Also on the territory of the republic such resorts as "Arshan", "Kurort Goryachinsk", Chivyrkuisky Bay, "Turbaza Kulkison" and others provide their services.

On Lake Baikal, for a long time, various cruise tours have been organized:

on kayaks, kayaks along the Chivyrkuisky Bay with rest on the shore;

on boats of the "Yaroslavets" type: along the central Baikal, along the islands of Baikal, along the northern Baikal.

A thematic cruise tour "National parks and reserves of Baikal" can be organized around Lake Baikal.

The duration of the cruise tours offered by the "Baikal ecotour" company is 10 days / 9 nights. Form of participation: group - 8 people. Cruise tours start from the coast of the Chivyrkuisky Bay, from Monakhovo.

Cruise tour of the central Baikal. (June - September) Tour duration 10 days / 9 nights. Ulan-Ude, Maksimikha, a cruise boat tour in the central part of Lake Baikal with stops, rest and overnight stays on the shore.

Cruise tour on kayaks and kayaks along the Chivyrkuisky Bay of Lake Baikal (June - September). Tour duration 10 days / 9 nights. Ulan - Ude, Maksimikha, water (cruise) tour of the Chivyrkuisky Bay on kayaks, kayaks

In the city of Ulan-Ude, souvenir production has recently become widespread, based on the creation and popularization of artistic samples with a Buryat flavor.

Thus, it can be concluded that the region has developed extensive infrastructure in recent years. The Republic of Buryatia is trying to keep pace with the times and adequately respond to the global demand for the development of tourist infrastructure, which is evidenced by the opening of new hotels, restaurants and the laying of new tourist routes.

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Course work

GEOGRAPHY OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

Introduction

Geographical position

Relief

Climate

Water resources

Flora and fauna

Population

Transport

Religion

Tourist infrastructure

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

application

Tourism in Buryatia

Introduction

Today tourism is one of the most promising areas of development for Russia and its regions, contributing to the effective use of the richest natural and cultural and historical heritage, familiarization with which, on the one hand, serves to expand cultural competence, health and recreation of citizens, and on the other - economic development, solving the problem of employment in small towns and settlements and attracting additional funds to the country's economy.

In Russia, tourism is still a developing industry. In all spheres of tourism, both at the federal and regional levels, there is a search for new forms of work, the expansion of the supply and the deepening of its specialization, the creation of new tourist complexes.

The direction of tourist flows in modern Russia covers more and more regions. But, despite the obvious benefits, not all regions of Russia are able to fully use their tourist resources to attract tourists and improve the regional economy.

At present, tourism is one of the priority sectors of the economy of the Republic of Buryatia and can be considered as a factor of economic growth not only in Buryatia, but also in Russia, since, according to the forecasts of the World Tourism Organization, by 2020 the country will become one of the 20 largest countries in terms of tourist arrivals.

Tourism, acting as a kind of catalyst for the socio-economic development of the territory, has a positive effect on the growth of employment, stimulates the development of related sectors of the economy, and develops infrastructure and communications in the regions. In the first half of 2011 alone, almost 225.5 thousand tourists visited Buryatia, which is 16% more than in the same period last year, according to the statistics department of the republic. For 9 months more than 450 thousand tourists have visited Buryatia, of which 25 thousand were foreign guests. At the same time, tourists from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Novosibirsk and Sverdlovsk Regions predominate among Russians, Buryatstat notes. According to the ministry, 46% of tourists come to the republic for leisure and recreation purposes, 24% for treatment and recovery, and 24% for business and professional purposes.

The potential demand for the services of the tourist complex of the Baikal natural territory is primarily due to recreation on Lake Baikal, 60% of the lake's coast is used for tourism. The basis for the development of tourism in the republic is natural recreational resources, which include unique natural landscapes, natural objects, having the status of natural monuments, flora and fauna, water sources, deposits of mineral water and mud. Specially protected natural areas (PAs), which occupy 9.76% of the total area of the republic and represent the totality of all categories of specially protected natural areas, have unique opportunities for tourist demand.

All of the above justifies the relevance of this topic.

Purpose -to reveal the natural, cultural, historical and socio-economic preconditions and, on their basis, to consider the prospects for the development of tourism in the Republic of Buryatia.

Object of study:The Republic of Buryatia.

Subject of study:preconditions for the development of tourism in Buryatia.

Work tasks:

-to reveal the natural, historical and socio-economic prerequisites for the development of tourism;

-show the prospects for the development of the Republic of Buryatia as a tourist center, using the potential of the Baikal region.

Methodological frameworkresearch is the theory and methodology of tourism (Zorin, Kvartalnov, 2001; Birzhakov; 2001).

To solve the set tasks, the following were used research methods: abstract, descriptive, analytical, comparative geographical, statistical, cartographic.

Scientific noveltyresults of the work is to systematize the material on the geography of tourism in Buryatia.

The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using materials in the study of tourism disciplines at the university and geography at school.

Work structure.The work is presented on 49 pages, includes 4 figures, a bibliographic list (25 titles), consists of an introduction, two chapters (in accordance with the objectives of the study), a conclusion, a bibliographic list, applications.

The first chapter presents the natural prerequisites for the development of tourism in Buryatia.

The second chapter reveals the historical and socio-economic preconditions for the development of tourism in Buryatia.

In the conclusion, the main findings and research results are presented.

Chapter 1. Natural prerequisites for the development of tourism in the Republic of Buryatia

The Republic of Buryatia is one of the most beautiful and ecologically clean regions of our country, with an amazing variety of natural landscapes and species diversity of animal and flora. Natural resources Buryatia<#"center">Geographical position

The Republic of Buryatia is part of the Siberian Federal District. It is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia, east of Lake Baikal.

In the south, Buryatia borders on the Mongolian People's Republic, the length of the state border is 1213.6 km, in the west with the Republic of Tyva, in the north-west with the Irkutsk region in the north of the Chita region.

There is a highway of national importance M 55, several roads of republican importance and other types of roads. There are also ports along the shores of Lake Baikal, due to which the delivery of goods and materials by water is carried out. Buryatia is located relatively close to energy bases, large industrial cities (Chita, Irkutsk, Angarsk, Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk) and sales markets for its own goods.

The administrative center of the republic is the city of Ulan-Ude. The area of Buryatia is 351 thousand square kilometers (6.9% of the territory of the Siberian Federal District; 2.1% of the territory of the Russian Federation), which is comparable to the area of Germany. Buryatia is a multinational republic where representatives of more than 100 nationalities live. The population is 981.2 thousand people. (this is 4.89% of the population of the Siberian Federal District, 0.68% of the population of Russia), in terms of population, the republic ranks 9th in the Siberian Federal District, and in terms of population density, 9th place - 2.8 people. for 1 km ".

Relief

The Republic of Buryatia is part of the mountainous zone that occupies a significant part of the south of Eastern Siberia. The relief is characterized by powerful mountain ranges and vast, deep and sometimes almost closed intermontane basins. The area of the mountains is more than 4 times the area occupied by the lowlands. The Republic of Buryatia is characterized by significant elevation above sea level. The lowest mark is the level of Lake Baikal - 456 m in the Pacific level, and the highest peak covered with glaciers Munku-Sardyk in the Eastern Sayan Mountains is 3491 m above sea level.

The southern part of the republic, represented by the Selenga midlands, covers a significant part of the Selenga river basin - the main waterway of Lake Baikal, including all its large tributaries, and is characterized by a predominance of mountains with an average height of 1000-1500 meters above sea level.

The high ridges of the Baikal region adjoin Lake Baikal with wide intermontane basins separating them. Their belt includes the highlands of the Eastern Sayan Mountains, stretching from northwest to southeast for a distance of about 1000 km with a width of 200-300 km and rising in the central part of the ridges by more than 2500-3000 m. mountainous terrain republic ranks it among the most active seismic regions of the planet. Large and small earthquakes are quite frequent, but mostly they are 5-6 points. The Khamar-Daban, Ulan-Burgasy, Barguzinsky, Ikatsky and Baikalsky ridges continue the belt of the Baikal region mountains (Appendix 1). In these areas, the least developed economic activity, all the prerequisites for the development of sports tourism have formed. This is the southwestern region, covering the Khamar-Daban and the mountain systems of the Tunkinskaya depression; northern, including the northern and northwestern parts of the Severobaikalsk region; southern - the area of water travel along the Selenga River and its tributaries.

The watersheds of the Barguzinsky Ridge are classic Alpine landforms. North of the Baikal region, the Stanovoy Upland ranges continue: Yuzhno-Muisky, Severo-Muisky, Udokan, Kalarsky.

The Vitim plateau adjoins the northeast of the Baikal region. The entire Northern Baikal region is characterized by continuous distribution of permafrost, sometimes occurring at a depth of 0.5 meters and a thickness of up to 500-600 meters.

Climate

An important feature of the physical and geographical position of the republic is its remoteness from the Atlantic and isolation from the influence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans by numerous mountain ranges. The climate of Buryatia is sharply continental with large annual and daily temperature fluctuations, with cold long winters and hot short summers. In winter, calm, windless and clear weather prevails throughout the republic, with dry frosts up to 450 ° C and little snow. The lowest winter temperature was recorded in January 1985 - 45 ° C. The average temperature in winter is 22 ° C. Severe windless winter gives way to late windy and dry spring with night frosts. The barometric pressure during this period decreases, and streams of cold air from the northern regions of Siberia rush into the territory. This contributes to the return of cold weather and the appearance of long and strong winds. In summer, the territory of Buryatia warms up strongly. In the first half, it is too dry, in the second, cyclonic activity gradually intensifies, as a result of which the wind speed increases and the bulk of atmospheric precipitation falls (July-August). The average summer temperature is + 18.5 ° C. Autumn comes imperceptibly, without a sharp change in weather, in some years it can be long and warm. In Buryatia, an average of 250 mm of precipitation falls per year.

In general, the climate is formed under the influence of three contrasting components: the dry and cold climate of the northern regions, the hot and dry Mongolian deserts and the humid Pacific.

The wind regime on the territory of Buryatia is diverse. It is subject to significant changes, both during the day and according to the seasons of the year. In winter, the wind speed in the republic is very low, the average wind speed is about 1-2 m / s. In the spring, the wind increases markedly. The maximum wind speed in spring reaches 20 m / s. In summer, on the coast of Lake Baikal, the average speed is 3-6 m / s, while in the rest of the territory the wind speeds are low (up to 2 m / s). In autumn, the wind speed rises again to 5-6 m / s. In winter and autumn, northern winds prevail in the republic, westerly winds prevail in summer, while the number of southern and eastern winds increases. Average annual precipitation in many regions of Buryatia in river valleys is 250-300mm. In mountainous areas, 30-50mm or more falls per year. In the main agricultural areas, the number of days per year with temperatures above 5º C is 150-160. Buryatia is located in the permafrost region, which has a significant impact on nature. The climate of Buryatia is good for health due to the abundance of sunshine, dry air and little cloudiness. In count sunny days Buryatia surpasses many southern regions of the CIS, not yielding in this southern coast of Crimea.

Water resources

Water resources of the Republic of Buryatia are represented by surface and ground waters. In total, more than 30,000 rivers with a total length of about 150,000 km flow on its territory. Of these, only 25 are classified as large and medium. More than 99% of the republic's rivers are small rivers less than 200 km long. All rivers of the republic belong to three large water basins: Lake Baikal, the Lena and Angara rivers.

On the territory of the republic there are about 35 thousand lakes with a total mirror area of 1795 km 2... The most significant water bodies include Gusinoe, Bolshoe Yeravnoe, Maloe Yeravnoe, and Bount.

At the same time, 52% of the territory of Buryatia is located in the basin of Lake Baikal. Buryatia's river flow resources are 98 km 3; there are 94.3 thousand square meters per inhabitant 3a year (almost 3 times more than the average in Russia); for 1 km 2territory of 279.8 thousand m 3/year. It should be noted that 61% of the republic's river flow falls on the Lake Baikal basin.

Lake Baikal is one of the most incredibly beautiful places in Russia. This is the deepest lake on our planet (Appendix 2). The bottom of Baikal is 1167 meters below the level of the World Ocean, and average depth the lake is 750 meters away. The lake is surrounded on all sides by mountain ranges and hills. The water in the lake is cold and transparent, its temperature even in summer does not exceed + 10 ° Baikal in terms of climatic conditions, winds and currents, flora and fauna has no analogues in the world, and therefore the lake is a site of the UNESCO world natural heritage. (Speech by the President of the Republic of Buryatia V.V. Nagovitsyn at the plenary session of the Federation Council) 60% coastline lakes and it accounts for 25% of the fresh water reserves of the entire Earth.

The popularity of these places among vacationers and tourists is associated with the variety of thermal and cold mineralized waters. The Baikal coast is an area of continuous activity in earth crust... Seismic vibrations are not uncommon here. Against the background of a constant discharge of geophysical stress and proximity to the internal heat of the Earth, around Lake Baikal, and most of all in the Barguzin Valley<#"center">Flora and fauna

The position of Buryatia on the border of two different natural zones: the East Siberian mountain taiga and the Central Asian steppe - has created a great variety and a special character of the distribution of soil and vegetation cover. The southern part of Buryatia is similar to the steppes of Mongolia, and the forest-steppe landscape prevails in the middle zone. The southern steppe elements, confined to intermontane depressions and basins, penetrate far into the northern regions. Thus, the steppes are, as it were, "interspersed" with separate areas into the main background of the forests. The upper boundary of the steppe landscape on the southern slopes often reaches 1000 m absolute height. The steppes formed in the river valleys are distinguished by a richer and more varied herbaceous cover. Mountain steppes, poor in atmospheric precipitation and groundwater, sometimes even take on a semi-desert character. Buryatia is characterized by a gradual uplift from the northwest to the southwest, into the East Sayan mountain system, and to the east - to the Yablonovy ridge, after which a slow descent of the terrain begins.

Forests are known to be of great importance for water regulation. Clear deforestation, especially in the catchments of small rivers, contributes to a decrease in the natural regulation of runoff and drying up of rivers, as well as to the intensive development of soil erosion processes. At the present time, when the forest acts as a cheap raw material and the barbaric destruction of the age-old taiga is taking place not only by state timber industry enterprises, but also by numerous entrepreneurs and commercial firms, the problem of preserving forest resources is especially acute. Podzolic soils are widespread in Transbaikalia. They are located mainly on the plateaus, the lower and middle parts of the slopes of the ridges under larch, pine and cedar-fir forests. The most powerful and humus varieties of them are plowed up, and the thinnest ones serve as pastures. The most fertile soils, chernozems, occupy much smaller areas than chestnut soils. The transitional link from chernozem and chestnut soils to podzolic soils are gray forest soils located below podzolic soils. In areas of river valleys with a close occurrence of groundwater and on gentle swampy slopes, meadow and boggy soils are developed. In areas with permafrost, meadow-permafrost soils are formed along river valleys. In the south of the republic, in the driest basins, there are solonetz and solonetzic soils covered with saline vegetation. In general, the distribution of soils is characterized by a good altitudinal zonation.

Animal world republics are very diverse. The stable commercial state of all types of game animals opens up great prospects in the development of hunting farms and hunting trophy tourism, which are of great importance for the economy of the region as a whole and for the population in particular. The main objects of hunting, taken on the territory of the republic, include 28 species of mammals (fur-bearing animals, wild ungulates), 6 species of upland game (chicken) and about 30 species of waterfowl. The main fishery is sable, squirrel, fox, hare, muskrat, Siberian weasel, ermine; among ungulates - elk, red deer, musk deer, wild boar, roe deer, reindeer; in the group of game birds - common and stone grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, Daurian partridge. In the deaf taiga bogs, it is possible to meet with a black stork.

The administrative regions of the republic have significant reserves of fish and sea animals, which are of great interest as objects of hunting and fishing tourism. Lake Baikal and the surrounding area are inhabited by 2500 different species of animals and fish, 250 of which are endemic. The most famous are omul - a commercial fish of the salmon family, as well as viviparous golomyanka - a transparent fish without scales and a swim bladder. The Red Book of Russia and Buryatia includes the Baikal sturgeon, Davatchan, Baikal white grayling, taimen and tench. The organization of sports fishing on the lake is possible throughout the year. Hunting for seals, which takes place in March-April on the ice of Lake Baikal, is especially specific.

Most of the territory of Buryatia is occupied by mountain taiga. Its entire northern, western and eastern parts are covered with forests. The border of the forest reaches a height of 2000 m. The main landscape-forming species is pine. In pine forests there is an admixture of cedar, fir, aspen, poplar. The vegetation in the mountains is quite dense, often on the tops continuous thickets of cedar dwarf trees up to 3 m high are formed. In spring, wild rosemary blooms, and the forest turns bright purple. In summer, the forests and mountains have an abundance of flowers, especially on the mountain plateaus. Glades of bright orange fry, yellow and red lilies are very beautiful. Many plants have not only decorative, but also commercial value, and some of the plants are used in folk and Tibetan medicine. In autumn there are a lot of berries: lingonberry, blueberry, blueberry, cranberry, currant, raspberry, sea buckthorn, bird cherry. In some places, wild apple and Siberian apricots grow. In autumn, forests are rich in mushrooms: milk mushrooms, mushrooms, boletus, porcini mushrooms.

Buryatia is the land of the most picturesque reserved places, one of the few corners of our country, where places of unique untouched nature have been preserved (Appendix 3). Here are some of the largest in Russia (in terms of area) specially protected natural areas. Three reserves - "Baikalsky", "Barguzinsky", "Dzherginsky", two national parks - "Zabaikalsky", "Tunkinsky", the natural park "Shumak", three state reserves of federal significance, 13 reserves of regional significance, 5 recreational areas local significance and 266 identified natural monuments.

tourism buryatia climate resource

Chapter 2. Historical and socio-economic prerequisites for the development of tourism in Buryatia

For many Russian regions, the use of historical and cultural heritage is becoming one of the real opportunities for economic, social and cultural growth.

Objects of historical and cultural heritage, being an important asset of cities, bring profit and significantly affect their economic development of the republic. By balancing seasonal fluctuations and providing additional jobs - the historical and cultural heritage plays a huge role in the social sphere. Reviving local cultural values, developing folk art, traditions - the historical and cultural heritage contributes to the cultural upsurge of the local population.

Also, the historical and cultural heritage increases the attractiveness of the regions, contributing to the development of urban services, infrastructure, cultural organizations, plays a huge role in the development of tourism in Buryatia.

The history of the Pribaikalsky region of the Republic of Buryatia is evidenced by the numerous monuments on its territory. There are known Neolithic and multi-temporal settlements of the Republic of Buryatia on the shores of Lake Kotokel and in the depressions on the eastern coast of Lake Baikal (the villages of Banya, Goryachinsk, Istok Kotokelsky, Solontsy, Coal pit, Monastyrsky Island, Koma, Turka, Cheryomushki, Yartsy Baikalskie, Katkovo), as well as a cave near the village of Turuntaevo. In the Bronze Age, the culture of "slab graves" appeared here, leaving behind many drawings in caves and on rocks. There are many historical monuments associated with the Xiongnu state that existed on this land.

Buryatia is crossed by international tourist routes based on the historical and cultural heritage of Russia, Mongolia, China: "Great Tea Route", "Eastern Ring", "Trans-Siberian Express", "Baikal-Khubsugul".

Among the objects of cultural heritage, the forms of living traditional culture, reflecting the cultural skills and traditions of arranging the living space of people living in the Baikal territory, are of particular interest. Representatives of many nationalities live here (and now representatives of 112 nationalities live on the territory of Buryatia), the most numerous of which are representatives of the Russian and indigenous Buryat population. Representatives of the second indigenous nationality, the Evenks, live in a few dispersed groups. One of the most interesting ethnic groups of the region is the Trans-Baikal Old Believers, called by the local population "Semeiskie". In 2001, UNESCO included the traditional culture of the Old Believers (way of life, folklore, rituals, crafts, folk medicine) in the list of 19 intangible world masterpieces requiring special attention, study and preservation, as a unique phenomenon of living traditional culture. The cultural expression of the people is always of interest. The natural curiosity of tourists forms one of the strongest tourist motives.

In the Republic of Buryatia there are prerequisites for organizing religious tourism, since the Republic is the center of CIS Buddhism. Like the Islamic Hajj, the majority of Buddhists visit the Ivolginsky Datsan, and the number of visits increases sharply during periods of religious and national holidays, visits of religious leaders. The development of tourism is facilitated by the construction and reconstruction of datsans that have unfolded in recent years.

Recently, a true revival of the national and regional culinary traditions of Buryatia has been outlined in Buryatia, which is also a factor that attracts tourists.

Climatic conditions and historical conditioning of survival in the harsh regions of Buryatia have left their unique imprint not only on the way of life of local residents, but also on their diet. Buryat cuisine is famous for a variety of dishes and delicacies. Unusual names of dishes and their bizarre appearance arouses genuine interest and desire to try them.

An important place among the main ingredients in the Buryat national cuisine is taken by milk, dairy products and dairy dishes - such dishes as kurunguru, Buryat shangi cakes with sour cream, cottage cheese snowballs, dried foams and others. Tea in Buryatia is drunk with milk. The tradition of consuming dairy products has developed historically on the territory of Buryatia, since land that is of little use for truck farming and grain growing has been used from time immemorial as pastures on which huge herds grazed. There is a deeper meaning in love for these products. The importance of milk is also emphasized by the custom, according to which the guest is necessarily treated to something dairy. One of the components of the national dishes of the Buryat cuisine are meat dishes... Along with a variety of sausages, Buryat cuisine is famous for such dishes prepared from meat as buhler (broth), ubsun, buuza (poses), hirmas, khiime, khushuur (meat pears) and oryomog. Everyone who decides to visit the Republic should definitely try shulen - a Buryat soup made from lamb and homemade noodles, as well as salamat. And on the third, you will probably be offered green tea with milk, to which butter and a little salt are added. This drink not only quenches thirst, but also purifies the blood, gives strength and perfectly tones. The ability to cook "poses" or "Buuza" - the national culinary pride of Buryatia, is a must for every housewife. Moreover, the "poses" should not only be tasty, but also beautiful in appearance. Even the number of tucks in each "pose" plays an important role.

Population

Socio-economic preconditions are one of the fundamental aspects of tourism development. The main goal of modern recreation for tourists is impressions<#"347" src="doc_zip1.jpg" />

Figure 1 - Migration gain (decrease) in urban rural areas

One of the reasons for the increase in migration is the absence of a federal policy for the development of the northern territories, including the BAM zone. In these areas, the population of working age and older than working age (former builders of the BAM) mainly leaves with their families, having received housing certificates for the purchase of housing in other regions. There is a high decline in young people who went to study in other regions, which makes up almost 100% of the number of citizens who left for temporary residence in other regions.

The number of economically active population in January 2012 was, according to estimates, based on the results of population surveys on employment problems, 444.5 thousand people, or about 45% of the total population of the republic, which is 16 thousand people less than in the corresponding period of the previous of the year.

Among them, 404.7 thousand people, or about 91% of the economically active population, were employed in the economy and 39.8 thousand people (9.0%) did not have employment, but were actively looking for it. (Appendix 4).

Figure 2 - Dynamics of the economically active population.

Despite the fact that the number of unemployed citizens has decreased in comparison with most regions of Siberia and the Far East, the Republic of Buryatia is distinguished by a high level of unemployment (Figure 2).

The regional labor market of the republic is characterized by a transformation of the employment structure, similar to the all-Russian one: a decrease in the share of those employed in industry and construction with an increase in employment in the service sector and relatively stable agricultural employment. In 2010, the tourism sector of Buryatia employed 3,640 people, which is 2.4 percent more than in 2009 (Appendix 4).

In almost all spheres of economic activity, as in previous years, there is a large number of labor migrants from China, Uzbekistan and North Korea. In total, representatives of 27 foreign states work in the republic. Representatives of non-CIS countries prevail among foreign workers - 77.7% or 3265 people, countries of the CIS member states - 21.8% or 916 people and 20 stateless persons. The most in demand for them is the construction industry, which employs 2,984 people (49.7% of the total number of labor migrants). Next comes the manufacturing industry. Trade and repair of vehicles, forestry - 634, 578 and 238 people, respectively.

The level of education of the population of the Republic of Buryatia is quite high. The number of people with higher education is growing. For every thousand people aged 15 and over, every 200th has a university education, and eight people have a postgraduate degree. In terms of the number of employees with higher professional education (243 per 1000 employed), the Republic of Buryatia in the Siberian Federal District is second only to Tomsk region- 255 and ahead of all other subjects Russian Federation, including Krasnoyarsk region- 208 and Irkutsk region - 212.

The tourism sector of Buryatia is experiencing a shortage of qualified personnel. In 2010, the training of specialists in the field of tourism, hotel and restaurant management was implemented. Training of eight specialists was organized at the East Siberian State Academy of Culture and Arts, followed by an internship in the Republic of Korea.

Together with the Republican Agency for Employment of the Population, the program "Training of guides for environmental tourism conductors" was implemented, a seminar was held in the specialty of a guide-guide. 19 unemployed citizens from Severo-Baikalsky, Barguzinsky, Tunkinsky, Kabansky, Mukhorshibirsky, Pribaikalsky regions, the cities of Ulan-Ude and Severobaikalsk were trained under the program.

Transport

The development of transport and means of communication were the most important incentives for the development of tourism and caused an increase in the mobility of society. The prerequisites for this were the success of transport construction, the development of air traffic and cheaper air tickets, the car boom and the availability of car prices for the average consumer. For tourism, it is especially important to ensure links between local, national and international means of transport so that tourist movement does not have interruptions in transport links.

As a border Russian territory with a common border with Mongolia over 1000 kilometers long, the republic has great opportunities for establishing mutually beneficial relations and is a connecting transport and communication bridge between Russia and Mongolia, China and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region. There are five checkpoints on the state border between Russia and Mongolia in Buryatia.

Large federal highways and railways, such as Transsib and BAM, cross its territory of Buryatia, connecting the republic with the regions of the Russian Federation and European countries. The most important highways are federal roads: Ulan-Ude - Irkutsk and Ulan-Ude - Kyakhta, the road of republican importance - Barguzinsky tract - the only highway passing along the eastern coast of Lake Baikal.

The transport complex of the republic includes 6904 km of bus routes, 1374 km of railways, 4 airports and 1872 km of local air lines, 56.6 km of tram lines, over 100 thousand passengers are transported through these communications every day.

The level of development of the road network largely determines the solution of tasks to achieve sustainable economic growth, increase competitiveness and improve the quality of life of the population of the republic. The presence of an efficiently functioning road network contributes to the acceleration of the development of industry, agriculture and trade, tourism, and an increase in investment attractiveness.

Most of the territory of Buryatia is characterized by an extremely underdeveloped internal communication infrastructure, a lack of rail links, paved highways; air traffic is also hampered by the deterioration of the regional aircraft fleet and the infrastructure of local airports.

The main problems of the republic's transport development are the low technological level and the unsatisfactory state of its production base. By the end of 2010, the depreciation of fixed assets in road transport amounted to 70%, railway - 80%, air - 90%.

A decrease in the volume of reconstruction and construction of infrastructure facilities, as well as the rate of replenishment and renewal of fleets of mobile vehicles, other transport equipment has led in recent years to a significant deterioration in their technical condition (age structure, increased wear, etc.) and performance.

The road network of the Republic of Buryatia has few paved roads. Generally, hard-surface roads connect Ulan-Ude with regional centers, as well as with Irkutsk and Kyakhta. At the same time, in some areas (Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky, Yeravninsky, Okinsky districts), there are sections of dirt roads, which worsens the conditions for the movement of cars and tourist buses. The road network is not developed, or there are few paved roads in tourism and recreation areas ( national park"Zabaikalsky", right bank of the Selenga river near Lake Baikal.). This circumstance, along with the underdevelopment of roadside service, is a serious obstacle to the development of automobile tourism and the delivery of tourists to places of rest. Taking into account the fact that 53.3% of tourists use for trips to places of rest personal cars, 40.4% of tourists use buses, the underdevelopment of the road network and roadside service is a problem that requires quick resolution. An unfortunate situation is emerging in the field of transport support for the tourism sector, primarily in terms of transportation within the republic. The bus fleet is small, some of them do not have special equipment. The comfort level of the vehicles is rather low. However, travel agencies offer rental of private buses and minibuses and minivans with air conditioning and audio, modern and comfortable cars from executive to economy class for meetings at the airport, at river and railway stations, walks and excursions around the city and countryside, travel to other cities.

The Republic of Buryatia has several railway lines connecting it with the western and eastern regions of Russia, as well as with Mongolia. The Trans-Siberian Railway passes through the territory of the republic<#"center">Religion

A special category of resources in Buryatia is represented by the historical and cultural heritage of the region, religion and ethnocultural characteristics of the indigenous peoples who have preserved the age-old traditions of nature management and close communication with nature.

Since ancient times, Buryatia has been at the crossroads of many religions. Here shamanism and Buddhism, Old Believers and Orthodoxy coexist peacefully. The life of the region is rich in historical events, the history of the development of religious systems, some elements of which are inherited from the depths of centuries, is just as interesting. Some of them were formed on local soil in the course of socio-economic and cultural development, some were borrowed from neighboring peoples, some were brought in during religious missions and expansions. Here from ancient times there were cults, partially preserved to the present day, and the system of polytheism (polytheism) also developed, which was clearly manifested in the form of Buryat shamanism. The first religious ideas appeared among local tribes 40-30 thousand years BC. They eventually found their embodiment in shamanism.<#"justify">Buryatia is the only region in Russia where the monuments and shrines of Buddhism are presented so many-sidedly. Back in the days of Genghis Khan, this territory was declared a sacred reserve, and now it is rightfully considered one of the few truly sacred places on the planet.

The restoration of the temples destroyed in the 17th years in Buryatia began after the Great Patriotic War. Currently, Buryatia is experiencing a religious renaissance. The construction and reconstruction of datsans, unfolded in recent years, contributes to the development of tourism. There are 16 Buddhist datsans, 12 Buddhist societies, 17 Orthodox churches and parishes, 7 ancient Orthodox communities, over 20 religious sects, movements and other autonomous denominations in the republic.

The largest and most visited datsan of world renown is considered to be Ivolginsky, which is the spiritual center of Buddhists in Russia (Appendix 4). Ceremonies are conducted here mainly in Tibetan. In the Ivolginsky Datsan, the body of the Hambo Lama Itigelov was discovered, which has been preserved incorrupt for 75 years. This fact has increased the flow of pilgrims and tourists traveling for religious purposes. The exact date of birth of Khambo Lama Itigelov is unknown, but it is believed that he was born in 1852. Now he is sitting under a glass cover in the Ivolginsky Datsan (Appendix 5).

Since the early 1990s, some national groups have created their own national-cultural associations and centers, began to actively revive their national culture, introduce it to the population of the republic, and establish contacts with foreign compatriots. The most active in this regard are Jews, Germans, Poles, Koreans, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Belarusians and representatives of other peoples.

Tourist infrastructure

Since 2002, the tourism market of Buryatia has been characterized by positive dynamics. For the period 2006-2010. the total tourist flow increased by 2.8 times, the volume of paid services provided in the field of tourism by 2.3 times. According to Expert RA, Buryatia rose from 45th place in 2006 to 14th place in 2010 in terms of tourism potential and occupies a leading position among the regions of the Far East and Transbaikalia in terms of growth rates of key indicators.

In 2010, the number of tourist arrivals amounted to 471.2 thousand people, which is 30.4% more than in 2009. The volume of paid services provided to tourists in 2010 amounted to 1302.3 million rubles. and increased in comparison with 2009 by 21.8%. The geography of inbound tourism is extensive and covers 61 countries. The number of foreign citizens who visited the republic in 2010 amounted to 22.2 thousand people. The share of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region is 53.3%, Europe - 18.1%, USA - 4.4%.

According to statistical data, the number of tourist arrivals to the Republic of Buryatia in the first half of 2011 amounted to 225.4 thousand people, which is 16.1% more than in the same period last year, the volume of paid services provided to tourists - 533.4 million rubles , which is 24% more than in the 1st half of 2010 (Appendix 4) (Figure 3).

The state invests in the development of tourism infrastructure and its active formation is taking place, the marketing policy for positioning Buryatia in the international tourism market as an attractive and promising region for tourism is improving. The quality of service for tourists is improving. The tourist infrastructure of Buryatia is constantly being improved: in 2009, eight new hotels appeared here. At the end of 2008, the republic became a leader among the subjects of Siberia and the Far East in terms of the volume of tourism services: its share in the total volume amounted to 20% - 755.6 million rubles.

Figure 3 - Dynamics of internal and inbound tourist flows

There are professional tourist organizations operating in the republic, the credo of which is to make the stay of tourists in Buryatia unforgettable in their feelings with a high level of Baikal hospitality. The tourist and entertainment infrastructure of Buryatia is represented by the richest and unique museum collections, world-famous theaters, specially protected areas with untouched natural landscapes. The information infrastructure of tourism is presented by the tourist Internet sites www.baikaltravel.ru ("Tourism and recreation in Buryatia"), and www.baikaltourmarket.ru ("Visiting information service of tourism in Buryatia"), www.tearoad.ru (the project "Great tea way"). There are 7 information and visiting tourism centers, including the center of the State Committee of the Republic of Buryatia for youth, tourism, physical culture and sports in Ulan-Ude, 3 centers in the Tunkinsky district, centers in the village. Ust-Barguzin, Kabansk, Nizhneangarsk. It is planned to create centers in the village of Turka, Ivolginsk. The level of budgetary support for the activities of the centers is still insufficient.

In 2010, 45 collective accommodation facilities were introduced, of which: 7 tourist centers, recreation centers, 3 hotels, the remaining 35 KSR are guest houses and mini-hotels of various capacities. In 2010, 45 collective accommodation facilities were commissioned. These are 7 tourist centers, recreation centers, 3 hotels, 35 guest houses and mini-hotels, including in the city of Ulan-Ude - 7, Tunkinsky district - 15, Kabansky - 8, Pribaikalsky - 6, Barguzinsky - 8, Ivolginsky - 1.1 / 3 of the introduced accommodation facilities are mini hotels in Ulan-Ude.

There are 771 catering facilities in Buryatia, including 34 restaurants, 240 cafes, 368 snack bars, 81 bars and 48 canteens. The turnover of public catering in Buryatia in January-December 2011 amounted to 6.6 billion rubles with an increase of 109.8 percent compared to last year. In January-November 2011, Buryatia is in second place in this indicator in the Siberian Federal District. The dynamics of public catering turnover was characterized by stable growth due to an increase in the population's demand for catering services and further development of infrastructure. The increase in turnover was also facilitated by an increase in the number of tourist arrivals and the holding of festive events in the republic. The turnover of public catering for small enterprises, including micro enterprises, increased by 13.9 percent, for individual entrepreneurs - by 10.1.

The purchase of souvenirs is included in the mandatory program of any tourist who rests in a new locality. The desire to take away souvenirs, national products, handicrafts, printed materials from a region or country contributes to the emergence of more and more places where you can buy a souvenir with a local flavor. Most of the accommodation enterprises have realized the benefits of the development of trade in tourist goods, offer services for the purchase of tourist goods and the implementation of tourist work both in the structure of a complex hotel product and as separate additional services.

Buryatia, like any other part of the world, has its own special folk toys, dolls, souvenirs or a small talisman. They have characteristic national characteristics that are characteristic exclusively of the area from which they originated. These are traditional souvenirs made of wood, horn, fur, fabric.

The infrastructure of the region's entertainment industry includes cinemas, museums, the State Circus of Buryatia.

The republic is rightfully considered one of the cultural centers of Eastern Siberia. The traditionally high level is distinguished by the culture of the republic, represented by five theaters, trade unions of writers, composers, artists and architects. The Buryat State Philharmonic Society operates in the republic.

In 2007, there were 5 state, 19 municipal, more than a hundred settlement and school museums in Buryatia. The collections of museums have more than 250 thousand items. One of oldest museums republics and Siberia - Museum of the History of Buryatia named after Khangalov, which contains interesting materials on archeology and religious cults (shamanism, Orthodoxy, Buddhism). The Museum of Nature of Buryatia, the Geological Museum, the Ethnographic Museum of the Peoples of Transbaikalia are also widely known.

An important role in the development of tourism is played by the state of roads, railways, and air traffic in the region. In addition, a significant factor is the level of development of transport communications in the city: the availability and condition of bus and alternative modes of transport (metro, tram, trolleybus). These factors are of particular importance at a low population density in the region, the remoteness of tourist, entertainment and recreational facilities from the center of the region, its air and water communications, means of receiving and accommodating tourists.

The transport complex of the republic includes 6754 km of public roads, 1227 km of railways, 4 airports and 1872 km of local air lines, 54.6 km of tram lines, over 100 thousand passengers are transported through these communications daily.

The main mode of transport used in tourism in the republic is motor transport. Automobile vehicles used to transport tourists to and from tourist centers.

It should be noted that a significant part of passenger traffic is tram, as well as rail suburban and intercity communication.

While maintaining the poor quality of roads, freezing their development, reducing the turnover and the volume of transported goods, there is a gradual increase in the number of motor vehicles, in particular, an increase in the number of vehicles in the personal property of citizens.

The non-state sector has taken a dominant position. Enterprises of all types of non-state transport forms of ownership currently carry out 97% of cargo transportation and 38 - 50% of passenger transportation (air, rail, road, city electric).

At the same time, most of the territory of Buryatia is characterized by an extremely underdeveloped internal communication infrastructure, lack of railway communication, paved highways; air traffic is also hampered by the deterioration of the regional aircraft fleet and the infrastructure of local airports.

The main problems of the republic's transport development are the low technological level and the unsatisfactory state of its production base.

Conclusion

As a result of the study, the following conclusions and results were obtained:

.The natural prerequisites for the development of tourism in the Republic of Buryatia are revealed.

The Republic of Buryatia is part of the Siberian Federal District. It is located in the southern part of Eastern Siberia, east of Lake Baikal. Buryatia is predominantly a mountainous country with several mountain systems: Sayan, Eastern Altai, Khamar-Daban, Barguzinsky and Baikal ranges, which contributes to the development of ski tourism.

% of the territory of Buryatia is located in the basin of Lake Baikal.This unique natural complex is the main tourist resource of Buryatia.

Buryatia is the land of the most picturesque reserved places, one of the few corners of our country, where places of unique untouched nature have been preserved. This is one of the most ecologically clean areas in the world, a recognized ecotourism center in Russia. Here are some of the largest in Russia (in terms of area) specially protected natural areas. The total protected area is 2233.0 thousand hectares, including 77 percent - the area covered with forests, 5 - grassy ecosystems, 3 - occupied by water bodies. There are three reserves here - "Baikalsky", "Barguzinsky", "Dzherginsky", two national parks - "Zabaikalsky", "Tunkinsky", the natural park "Shumak", three state reserves of federal significance, 13 reserves of regional significance, 5 recreational areas of local values and 266 identified natural monuments.

A variety of thermal and cold mineral waters, mineral lakes, deposits of medicinal clays and mudsis a factor in the development of health tourism makes the territory of Buryatiapopular destination with vacationers and tourists.

Tourists take into account the climatic and landscape features, the richness and uniqueness of flora and fauna, natural opportunities for active rest... The climate of the republic is sharply continental, formed under the influence of three contrasting components: the dry and cold climate of the northern regions, the hot and dry Mongolian deserts and the humid Pacific, and makes it beneficial for health due to the abundance of sunlight, dry air and low clouds. In terms of the number of sunny days, Buryatia surpasses many southern regions of the CIS, not yielding in this southern coast of Crimea.

.The historical and socio-economic prerequisites for the development of tourism in the Republic of Buryatia are revealed.

Buryatia abounds in numerous historical monuments and memorable places- witnesses of its history, which plays a huge role in the development of cultural, educational and ethnographic tourism.

Buryatia is the center of Buddhism. This is the only region in Russia where the monuments and shrines of Buddhism are presented so many-sidedly. There are 16 Buddhist datsans, 12 Buddhist societies, 17 Orthodox churches and parishes, 7 ancient Orthodox communities, over 20 religious sects, movements and other autonomous denominations in the republic. This fact attracts a flow of pilgrims and tourists traveling for religious purposes, which contributes to the development of religious tourism.

Buryatia is a multinational republic where representatives of more than 100 nationalities live. The population is 981.2 thousand people. (this is 4.89% of the population of the Siberian Federal District, 0.68% of the population of Russia), in terms of population, the republic ranks 9th in the Siberian Federal District, and in terms of population density, 9th place - 2.8 people. per 1 km. "Among the objects of cultural heritage, representatives of the Buryat indigenous population living on the territory of the republic are of particular interest.

The geographical position of the region plays an important role for the development of tourism in Buryatia. As a border Russian territory with a common border with Mongolia over 1000 kilometers long, the republic has great opportunities for establishing mutually beneficial relations and is a connecting transport and communication bridge between Russia and Mongolia, China and other countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

The tourist market of Buryatia is constantly being improved. 27 tour operators work in the tourist market of Buryatia, 10 of which operate in accordance with the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the PRC on visa-free group tourist trips, 39 travel agencies, 4 professional public organizations (Buryat regional organization of the Russian Union of Tourism Industry, NP Buryat Tourist Alliance, Baikal branch of the Russian Hotel Association, Buryat Association of Hoteliers).

In the republic there are 411 collective accommodation facilities (CCR) of tourists with a total capacity of 13198 beds. 2 hotels have a 4-star category. The structure of the KSR includes 100 hotels, 226 boarding houses, tourist centers and rest houses, 11 health resort institutions, 74 guest houses.

The huge tourist and recreational potential of the Republic of Belarus makes it possible to develop various types of tourism on its territory. The main types of tourism in Buryatia are health-improving, skiing, ecological, cultural-historical, ethnographic, educational, adventure, speliotourism.

Bibliographic list

1.Astashkina M.V., Kozyreva O.N., Kuskov A.S. Geography of tourism. Tutorial. - M .: Alpha-M: INFRA-M, 2008 .-- 432 p. - ISBN 5-16-000084-4.

2.Birzhakov M.B. Introduction to tourism - M. - SPb .: Nevsky Fund, 2001. - ISBN 5-94125-021-5.

.Vinokurov A.A., Glushakova V.G. An introduction to economic geography and regional economy of Russia. Textbook. A handbook for students of higher education. institutions - 2nd ed., rev. and add. - M .: Humanities ed. Center VLADOS, 2008 .-- 550 p. - ISBN 978-5-691-01690-5.

.Imetkhenov A.B. Natural monuments of Baikal. - Novosibirsk: Science. Sib. department, 1991 .-- 179s.

.Sustainable development of tourism: directions, trends, technologies: Materials of the I International. Scientific-practical. conf. May 25-27, 2005, 2005. - S. 92-98.

.Makarenko, S.N., Sahak, A.E. History of tourism: collection. - Taganrog: Publishing house of TRTU, 2003 .-- 94 p.

.Maksanova L .: The tourist is our most welcome guest. The world of Baikal. - 2005. - No. 6. - P.32-33.

.Rum V.Ya., Valyasen V.I. Economic and social geography of the USSR. - Textbook. manual. for stud. ped. in-tov on geogr. specialist. - M .: Education, 1987 .-- 320 p.

.Sapozhnikova E.N. Country Geography: Theory and Methods of Tourist Study of Countries: Textbook. pos. for stud. higher. study. institutions - 2nd ed., rev. - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004. - 240 p. ISBN 5-7695-2403-0.

.Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Buryatia dated May 4, 2007 N 151 On the Strategy of Social and Economic Development of the Republic of Buryatia until 2027.

.Based on edition: Siberia. Guide, Moscow, Around the World, 2006, ISBN 5-98652-082-3.

12. To the newspaper "Buryatia" in No. 153 dated 25.08.2010<#"center">application

Dynamics of internal and inbound tourist flows

Indicators2008 Growth rate, %2009Growth rate, % 2010Growth rate, % 1 semester 2011 Growth rate, % Number of tourists served, people341588134.6392408114.88505366128.8238234116.2 - domestic tourism291022135.97347662119.46454577130.8218667116.8 - inbound tourism 1648486.6517200104.3422244129.4782996.6 - outbound tourism5476801,283.47 The volume of paid services rendered to tourists, million rubles868,96131,761069,2123,041302,3121,8533,4124Number of employees, people3899141,52355391,134300121,13331101,7

The Republic of Buryatia is an autonomous republic, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Siberian Federal District, formed on May 30, 1923. The capital is Ulan-Ude. The area of the Republic of Buryatia is 351.3 thousand square kilometers. The republic from the north and west (along the water area of Lake Baikal) borders on the Irkutsk region, in the extreme west at a relatively short distance lies the border with the Republic of Tyva, in the south there is the state border with Mongolia, in the east - the border with the Trans-Baikal Territory.

Buryatia is located in the central part of Asia. This is an amazing and beautiful land, a country of mountains and steppes, deep rivers and numerous lakes, endless taiga and green valleys. It is located in the interior of the mainland, far from the seas and oceans, has a contrasting climate, combining cold winters and hot summers. The climate of Buryatia is beneficial due to the abundance of sunlight, dry air and little cloud cover.

The development of the tourist and recreational complex of the Republic of Buryatia is based on a large recreational potential, one of which is the natural, historical and cultural resources of tourism. Areas of distribution of the maximum and high potential of tourism resources occupy 45.6% of the total area of the republic. At the same time, the largest resources are located within the boundaries of 14 administrative units (the coastal zone of Lake Baikal - Barguzinsky, Kabansky, Pribaikalsky, Severo-Baikalsky regions, Severobaikalsk; mountainous and resort areas - Tunkinsky, Okinsky, Kurumkansky; historical and cultural areas - city Ulan-Ude, Kyakhta, Mukhorshibirsky, Tarbagataisky, Ivolginsky, Khorinsky districts). Several main zones of mass tourism and recreation have developed in the Republic of Buryatia, including: Kotokel and Shchuchye lakes; the coast of Lake Baikal in the areas of the Posolsky Sor, a section from the delta of the river. Selenga to the village. The district of the Kabansky district, as well as from the village. Gremyachinsk in the Pribaikalsky region to the Maksimikha camp site in the Barguzinsky region; the territory of the state national parks "Zabaikalsky" and "Tunkinsky"; several territories in the North-Baikal region (Khakusy bay, Frolikha lake, Davsha, Yarki spit, Slyudyanskoe lake). Territories of the Khamar-Daban mountain ranges (Sobolinoye lake, Tagley lake, Snezhnaya river), Eastern Sayan, Barguzinsky and Baikalsky ranges.

The tourism market of Buryatia is characterized by positive dynamics.

For the period 2006-2010. the total tourist flow increased by 2.8 times, the volume of paid services provided in the tourism sector by 2.3 times. According to Expert RA, Buryatia rose from 45th place in 2006 to 14th place in 2010 in terms of tourism potential and occupies a leading position among the regions of the Far East and Transbaikalia in terms of growth rates of key indicators.

The geography of inbound tourism is extensive and covers 61 countries. The number of foreign citizens who visited the republic in 2010 amounted to 22.2 thousand people. The share of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region is 53.3%, Europe - 18.1%, USA - 4.4%.

According to statistical data, the number of tourist arrivals to the Republic of Buryatia in the 1st half of 2011 amounted to 225.4 thousand people, which is 16.1% more than in the same period last year, the volume of paid services provided to tourists - 533.4 million rubles, which is 24% more than in the 1st half of 2010.

There are 27 tour operators in the tourist market of Buryatia, 10 of which operate in accordance with the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the PRC on visa-free group tourist trips, 39 travel agencies, 4 professional public organizations (Buryat regional organization of the Russian Union of Tourism Industry, Non-profit Partnership Buryat Tourist Alliance, Baikal branch of the Russian Hotel Association, Buryat Association of Hoteliers). In the republic there are 411 collective accommodation facilities (CCR) of tourists with a total capacity of 13198 places. 2 hotels have a 4-star category. The structure of the KSR includes 100 hotels, 226 boarding houses, tourist centers and rest houses, 11 sanatorium-resort institutions, 74 guest houses. In 2010, 45 collective accommodation facilities were introduced, of which: 7 camp sites, recreation centers, 3 hotels, the remaining 35 KSR are guest houses and mini-hotels of various capacities. Large objects: guest house "Syndbad" in the village. Ust-Barguzin, Barguzin region (50 places), tourist complex "Dalan" in Yeravninsky region (80 places), hotel "Princess Christina" in the village. Arshan of Tunkinsky district (96 places). 1/3 of the introduced accommodation facilities are mini-hotels in Ulan-Ude. In the first half of 2011, 11 mini-hotels for 198 beds were commissioned in Ulan-Ude.

On the territory of the republic, tourist destinations associated with international tourism are gradually being formed. Such directions are the direction along the "Tea Route" (China, Mongolia, Russia), and along the Baikal-Khubsugul route (Mongolia).

The greatest activity of the domestic and inbound tourism market is observed in the summer period, which gives the tourism of the Republic of Buryatia a pronounced seasonal character. The activity of the outbound tourism market is also subject to fluctuations, however, it is more stable.

In the first half of 2011, 11 mini-hotels for 198 beds were commissioned in Ulan-Ude. On the territory of the republic, tourist destinations associated with international tourism are gradually being formed. Such directions are the direction along the "Tea Route" (China, Mongolia, Russia), and along the Baikal-Khubsugul route (Mongolia). The greatest activity of the domestic and inbound tourism market is observed in the summer period, which gives the tourism of the Republic of Buryatia a pronounced seasonal character. The activity of the outbound tourism market is also subject to fluctuations, however, it is more stable.

Table 1 - Statistics of tourism in the Republic of Buryatia

Indicators	Growth rate, %	Growth rate, %	Growth rate, %
Number of tourists served, people
Domestic tourism
Inbound tourism
Outbound tourism
The volume of paid services rendered to tourists, million rubles
Number of employees, people

The following main trends prevail in the local market:

- the rapid increase in demand for accurate and complete tourist information. The tourists' need for information is very little satisfied by sources of information in the sphere of tourism itself. More than 80% of tourists receive information from acquaintances, friends and relatives, 20% from the media and tourist advertising;
- growing demand for comfortable accommodation facilities for tourists.

Comfortable tourist camps (recreation centers) are in the greatest demand among tourists - 26.8%; individual cottages - 22.6%; small and medium hotels with a full range of services - 18.7%. A popular accommodation facility in active and camping tourism is tents 18.9%.

Sanatoriums are in lesser demand - 15.7%, and comfortable large hotel complexes - 12.1% - are even less in demand. The demand for the services of alternative accommodation facilities for rural tourism is 9.9%, which is a market reaction to these offers, as well as a consequence of the lack of free places in the summer;

- stable demand for winter vacations. 69.9% of tourists are positive about the possibility of winter tourism. This is facilitated by an increase in the number of holidays in the winter. At the same time, the market for off-season and winter tourism in the republic is not developed, which is associated with both the lack of winter accommodation facilities;
- a fairly high demand for family vacations. 29% of tourists prefer to relax with children, 27.1% - with relatives. However, the number of proposals for organizing family tourism is limited;
- growing demand for more varied tourist programs, combined tours, as well as recreation, including various types of tourist activities.

Tourism infrastructure includes a set of heat and power facilities, gas supply, water supply, sewerage and waste disposal, telecommunications, road infrastructure. A significant part of these infrastructural units is related to public infrastructure and is used for tourism purposes in parallel with other uses. At the same time, the tourism sector also creates its own internal special infrastructure, which includes access roads on the territories of tourism facilities, as well as walking paths and paths, autonomous sewage and disposal systems, separate networks and energy facilities, telecommunications.

The public infrastructure in the republic includes a number of objects with different characteristics:

Heat and power supply, water supply, sewerage and disposal systems operate mainly in settlements, primarily in cities. The gas supply infrastructure is not yet developed. At the same time, in the zones of tourism and recreation, these systems are not developed, or are completely absent.

Telecommunication systems, including television broadcasting and radio broadcasting, extend to most regions of the republic, however, in tourism and recreation areas, the signal often has insufficient stability, which makes it impossible to use receiving devices. Satellite communication and radio communication systems are also underdeveloped.

In the Republic of Buryatia, there is 1 airport of federal significance, but its reconstruction has not been carried out, there is no equipped checkpoint, which prevents the organization of international tourist air transportation. The activity of most of the regional airports has been stopped. Insufficiently comfortable aircraft, adapted for organizing air travel and transporting tourists on local routes, there are no tourist-class helicopters and small planes.

In Buryatia, there are several railway lines connecting it with the western and eastern regions of Russia, as well as with Mongolia. 21.9% of tourists use the services railroad, mainly for trips to and from the republic. Internal rail transportation within its borders is poorly developed, at the same time, the demand for this type of transportation is quite high.

The development of public infrastructure in the Republic of Buryatia is carried out in accordance with the sectoral federal and republican programs, and the needs of the tourism sector are not sufficiently taken into account in them. Investment support for the development of the tourist and recreational complex of the Republic of Buryatia is carried out through the mechanism of state support and market mechanisms, the influence of which on the tourist process is increasing. Provision from budgets is carried out by financing targeted programs for the development of tourism and resorts.

Sports recreation and tourism in Buryatia. The main types and prospects for the development of recreation and tourism in Buryatia Tourism in Buryatia

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