What is needed to improve the beach. Beach design. Income and expenses
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The cost of visiting a specialist from 1,900 UAH per object
Our company offers you a range of measures to improve your territory and shore protection, including its coastal part.
We specialize in work related to the design, construction and maintenance of beaches of various configurations and designs.
Beach construction is a very important and responsible part of construction. This is primarily due to the large amount of movement of earth and silt masses, as well as the need for careful planning of the territory of the future beach. All these activities require the involvement of a considerable amount of equipment and, accordingly, space for maneuvering, therefore, the construction of a beach in an already built-up area, where the access of equipment is difficult or impossible, causes a number of difficulties, which, accordingly, entail an increase in the cost of work, and in some cases and the impossibility of their implementation. The construction of the coastal part refers to capital construction, since most often reconstruction or major repairs are practically impossible in the exploited territory. Therefore, high-quality performance of work at all stages of construction is extremely necessary to achieve the set goal, but subsequent careful operation is also important, which will keep the bank protection and the beach in appropriate operational condition for a long time.
The main problem of most coastal areas is the siltation and shallowness of the reservoir, as well as large thickets of plants, especially reeds. As practice shows, controlling vegetation using chemical or mechanical methods does not produce tangible results and is ineffective and temporary.
One of the most acceptable methods is laying geotextiles as an insulating layer between the base (soil) and sand. Its structure allows you to reliably separate the remains of vegetation and its root system from the subsequent layer of sand. This material is usually laid in 2-3 layers. This depends on the type of geotextile that is used. Geotextiles have a structure that provides good filtration. Geotextiles are also widely used during the construction of roofs, foundations, and land development.
Bank protection with gabions
When cleaning and deepening a reservoir, it is imperative to strengthen the banks and plant vegetation. A method of bank protection that has proven itself very well is strengthening with gabions. Our specialists will tie together metal boxes at the water's edge, containers made of mesh of any material, preferably galvanized, which are filled with large crushed stone and decorative stone - rubble. This is an excellent solution for strengthening the bank so that the soil does not slide into the water. Gabions filled natural stone They fit ergonomically into any landscape, take the natural shape of the shore, have high load-bearing capacity and durability.
Thus, the construction of the coastal zone is a very important and responsible undertaking, requiring sensitive leadership and implementation, highly qualified and responsible personnel.
Our company will draw up and implement your project of any complexity, in as soon as possible and with a high level of quality.
Here is an example of the beach development process and the final result:
The process of deepening and excavating silt
Dredged mud on the shore
Preparation for transportation
Planning work
Laying geotextiles
Coating geotextiles with sand
* The calculations use average data for Russia
One of the favorite types of recreation for Russians is outdoor recreation. It could be your own country cottage area, forest, pond. The latter are most popular in the summer: what Russian doesn’t like after active rest, delicious barbecue and hot and cold drinks, take a dip in cool water? Rivers, lakes and ponds are simply occupied by vacationers in the summer. Despite the fact that part swimming season traditionally held at sea - at domestic or foreign resorts - this does not come at the expense of relaxation on local bodies of water.
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And here, for those who want to relax, there are two options: choose a “wild” undeveloped beach, or give preference to a paid beach. Considering the realities around us modern world, in the first case, we will most likely be waiting for a free section of the coast, generously fertilized with organic and inorganic traces of all the tourists who have visited this place over the past decade. At the same time, no one guarantees the convenience of the site for the location of such amenities as a tent, table, barbecue, etc. Just as no one guarantees the quality of the bottom of a reservoir, its suitability for swimming. Not to mention such simple human amenities as a shower, toilet, store, etc.
The second option has only a certain disadvantage, set by the owner, for the cost of a guest’s stay on his territory. Apart from this, a paid beach has a whole range of advantages. This includes compliance with SES (Rospotrebnadzor) standards, cleanliness on the beach, prepared bottom, equipped descents into the water, and the availability of infrastructure. Infrastructure means: changing cabins, toilets and showers, sun loungers, tables, gazebos, barbecues, etc. And also the availability additional services for preparing food, selling drinks, renting catamarans, boats or scooters. As a matter of fact, the range of services is limited only by the imagination of the beach owner.
Let's try to calculate how profitable the business of organizing paid beach. The most important factor on which perhaps 80% of the success of an enterprise depends is the location of the territory. To a certain extent, the location may be determined by the positioning of the enterprise - and vice versa if the budget is relatively small. Let me explain. The beach can be arranged on the territory in close proximity from the city - within walking distance or public transport. For such a beach, although expanded infrastructure is desirable, it is not necessary due to the fact that its attractiveness will be ensured by transport accessibility. Accordingly, less investment will be required in its organization than in organizing a remote beach. Remote beaches are usually created near certain natural attractions, in protected or simply cozy corners. However, in order to attract visitors, one well-kept beach is not enough. A much wider infrastructure will be required - cafes, shops, possibly houses for overnight stays, a bathhouse, etc.
Beach areas belong to the state and are not for sale (at least according to Russian law). The beach can be rented for a long term, for which you should contact the Property Fund of the region or region. As a rule, open bidding is held for the right to lease a plot; The one who offers the highest amount wins. The initial bidding amount depends on many factors: the geographical location of the object, its area and shape, the availability of communications, demand, the presence of infrastructure or buildings on the territory, etc. Thus, it is extremely difficult to determine the cost of renting a plot. According to the Property Fund Rostov region, the cost of renting land plots, depending on their location and purpose, can range from 50 to 5,000 rubles per hundred square meters. By interpolation, you can come to a result for a site suitable for organizing a beach in the immediate vicinity of the city - 2000-3000 rubles per hundred square meters.
The optimal size of the beach is from 150-200 meters in length coastline and at least 20-30 meters deep; The wider the proposed range of services, the greater the depth for placing the infrastructure will be required.
Like any public place, the beach is subject to a number of requirements from various authorities, primarily from Rospotrebnadzor. The list and qualitative composition of the requirements depends on the class assigned to the beach. According to order No. 1215 of July 11, 2014 of the Ministry of Culture Russian Federation, classification of beaches is carried out on a voluntary basis. The classification is carried out by organizations accredited by the Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy; a certificate of assignment to a certain category is issued for a period of three years, after which a repeated certification procedure is required.
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According to Order No. 1215, the classification of beaches includes an assessment for compliance with “requirements for safety, information support, the provision of additional services on the beaches and the assignment of categories to beaches provided for by this Classification Procedure.” Below are excerpts from the Order regarding the purposes and procedure of certification.
“Beaches can be independent, or united by one territory into a complex with certain boundaries, which covers a number of tourist infrastructure facilities (accommodation, food, health, entertainment, etc.).”
“Beaches must meet safety requirements confirmed by the conclusion of specialized organizations in terms of life safety, health, environmental protection, as well as the information support requirements specified in the classification of beaches (Appendix 28 to the Classification Procedure) of this Classification Procedure.”
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“In accordance with this Classification Procedure, beaches are classified into the following categories: I, II and III. The highest category of the beach is I, the lowest is III. Information about the appropriate beach category is communicated to consumers by hanging a flag. Flag colors: blue flag - for category I beach; green flag - for a beach of category II; yellow flag - for a beach of category III.”
As mentioned above, depending on the assigned category, supervisory services impose certain requirements on the beach. In fact, there are not so many global differences between the highest and lowest categories. These include, for example, the mandatory presence of medical care on the beach of category I, the presence of children's areas, walkways and other amenities for the disabled, umbrellas and sun loungers, as well as food and entertainment facilities made of lightweight structures (for beaches of category III, non-stationary trade is allowed, peddlers).
General requirements for all categories are: the presence of a rescue service, toilets, changing cabins and showers; before the start of the swimming season - cleaning the bottom from glass fragments, sharp stones and other dangerous objects, as well as conducting a study of water quality to determine whether microbiological parameters meet the requirements; equipment for children's and adult bathing areas.
Also, beaches must meet the requirements of the Fire Inspectorate. To obtain an opinion from this body, it is necessary to provide: certificates of the technical condition of fire protection, reports of measuring the insulation resistance of the electrical network and lightning protection, a contract for the maintenance of fire protection equipment or a service license, as well as a number of other acts and constituent documents.
Well, of course, registration of a business entity with the tax service and statistics service is mandatory. All the bureaucracy described above can take six months or more, so if we plan to open the beach by the beginning of the next season, we need to start preparing from the end of the current one.
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By the way, about seasonality. The beach in the generally accepted sense is, of course, associated exclusively with summer vacation– its operating season for each region is limited by the number of months warm enough to relax near the water. However, with a certain infrastructure and program of events, visitors can be attracted outside the season. For example, a heated swimming pool or sauna can help with this; Many recreation centers and beaches organize mass celebrations with swimming in the ice hole on Epiphany. The list of activities is limited - again - only by the imagination of the beach owner. In general and on average, the high season here includes three summer months; during May and September you should expect average attendance, and in the remaining months - its complete absence. When calculating business profitability, we will take weekend attendance in July as 100%; weekdays in summer will be 50%; weekends in May and September – 70%; weekdays of the same months – 20%. It is not difficult to translate these data into the number of days a year with 100% attendance - we get 77 days. Let's subtract from here 10% that falls on rainy days, round it up - a total of 70 days of beach operation per year.
Daily revenue will depend on the established prices and range of services, as well as on the absolute number of visitors, which will largely depend on the area of the beach. According to sanitary and epidemiological standards, for freshwater beaches, per person there must be at least 8 sq.m. useful area of the beach, i.e. area unoccupied by various structures. Thus, based on the size of the beach 200x20 m, of which 30% is allocated for infrastructure, we obtain the maximum allowable number of vacationers - 350 people.
To determine the average check amount, you need to understand what you will be charged for and how much. In practice today, such vacation spots use such monetization objects as:
Entry of a car into the parking lot – 400-500 rubles;
Entrance for a holidaymaker to the territory is 200 rubles per person;
Renting a covered gazebo costs an average of 1,500 rubles per gazebo.
Optionally, you can add rental of sun loungers, sports equipment, boats and catamarans, revenue from food outlets, etc.
Let's calculate the annual revenue at a minimum, based on the fact that 20% of visitors are children, from whom no fee is charged, there are 5 gazebos on the territory, and the number of cars in the parking lot is 10% of the number of vacationers. Such a small percentage is due to the fact that the beach is within reach of public transport, and up to 5 guests can arrive on each car. Thus we get:
To service the beach we will need: lifeguards, cleaners, security guards, a master for maintenance and repair of utility networks, a beach administrator - this is the bare minimum of personnel, which does not provide a wide variety of services. This composition can be expanded by those responsible for equipment rental, food outlet sellers, cooks, animators, etc. The beach work schedule is at least 12 hours a day, seven days a week, which requires at least two shifts of workers. Since we are talking about a seasonal business, the wage fund should be calculated only for the season. Here, however, we are not talking about a conditional season of 70 days, but about its actual duration, which will be approximately 150 days. At the current level of wages, labor costs with social contributions will amount to approximately 1,500,000 rubles.
Expenses for utility bills, equipment repairs and territory maintenance will be taken at the level of 100,000 rubles per month during the season.
The annual cost of renting the territory is equal to:
Gross profit for the year will be:
A very good indicator, provided that the calculation considered a minimum set of services and relatively small area beach With more optimistic calculations, profits can reach 5 million rubles or more per year.
Investment costs also cannot be unambiguously determined, because the need for preparatory work, such as uprooting trees, cleaning the area, planning it, filling it with sand, installing fences, cleaning the bottom of the reservoir within the length of the beach - all this is calculated based on the characteristics of a particular site. Nevertheless, in order to navigate the numbers, let’s take data from open sources as a basis - about 2,000,000 rubles for excavation work and the supply of sand, 500,000 for equipping the territory with gazebos, changing cabins, umbrellas and other things. At least 500,000 rubles should be allocated for other engineering work, in particular for the installation of communications. Well, keeping in mind where and at what time we live, we should be prepared for the fact that when bidding for the right to lease a plot there will be a corruption component, because municipal property, and especially land, are the object of special financial interest both from entrepreneurs and from officials. Thus, the initial costs will be from 3 million rubles. If the work is done correctly, these investments will pay off by the middle of the second year of operation of the beach.
Possible risks include:
Unfavorable weather long duration, natural anomalies;
Wrong choice of beach location from a logistics point of view;
Violations of requirements of supervisory authorities;
Inattention to maintaining the cleanliness of the beach and the bottom of the reservoir, as well as the low level of quality of services provided, which leads to a decrease in visitor satisfaction.
By paying due attention to reducing these risks, the entrepreneur has every chance of getting the planned level of profit from the enterprise.
Denis Miroshnichenko
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The choice of territory for organizing a beach on the shore of a reservoir is made taking into account the identification of three zones with different functional purposes. It is recommended that the beach itself be located 30-40 m wide along the water's edge. This area is the most visited and is an open space with changing rooms and equipment necessary for sunbathing. Next to it there is an area for active recreation. It is a strip 15 to 40 m wide parallel to the shore, on which courts and areas for playing volleyball, badminton, tennis, etc. are located. This zone has a lower filling density compared to the previous one. The sports area is designed in close proximity to the beach and is its logical continuation.
Sports grounds must meet increased requirements during operation, since significant loads arise during play and training. The surface of the sites must be level, well-planned and have a certain slope so that there is no stagnation of rainwater.
The clothing of the platforms is arranged in multi-layers (Fig. 7). Stone or brick crushed stone of various fractions, coarse sand, fibrous peat, ordinary plant soil, stone dust or crushed stone seedings, and ground clay are used as materials for clothing.
Rice. 7 Construction of the sports ground surface.
The sports ground cover consists of a crushed stone base, an intermediate layer and a covering. The intermediate layer is created from peat, moss and sawdust and is intended for waterproofing in case of excess soil moisture, as well as to give the surface of the site elasticity and elasticity, which is very important when playing. The base is the main load-bearing element that can withstand loads during operation; Usually the base is made of crushed stone (grain size 2-3 cm) or boiler slag. The surface of the site has the same meaning as the surface of the paths; it is made from special mixtures or hard materials.
You can build a simple sports ground on a planned and compacted earthen foundation.
Sports grounds are constructed in compliance with certain technical requirements. The device is carried out in several stages. First, in a cleared and leveled area intended for a platform, a trough is arranged for laying layers of clothing 20-30 cm deep and with dimensions corresponding to the size of the site. The bottom of the trough is carefully leveled according to the design marks. The slopes from the crest of the site are taken equal to 0.005.
After leveling, the bottom of the trough is compacted - rolled with a roller. Along the boundaries of the site, a special board or formwork is installed from edged boards measuring 20-120 and 4 m thick. The formwork allows you to maintain clear boundaries of the site and “holds” all the clothes, preventing them from spreading to the sides. After installing the formwork, crushed stone is poured onto the compacted bottom as a base and compacted. Then an intermediate layer of elastic-moisture-absorbing materials is poured, this layer is leveled, then rolled. Then a special mixture is laid over the surface of this layer, used as a coating. The mixture is also leveled and rolled. When rolling all layers, they should be moistened with water, pouring from a hose (5-8 liters per 1 sq. m).
Sports ground equipment:
And finally, the least busy area for relaxation and walking, located among picturesque green spaces, is equipped with landscaped paths, platforms, gazebos, canopies, etc.
Sites for organizing a beach should be located within convenient transport accessibility, in places that exclude possible water pollution, downstream of the water intake that supplies the city with drinking water. The river flow speed should not exceed 1 m/s.
The dimensions of the territory of beaches located in resort areas and recreation areas per 1 visitor should be taken, m2, no less: sea - 5, river and lake - 8, sea, river and lake (for children) - 4.
The size of river and lake beaches located on lands suitable for agricultural use and in urban areas should be taken at the rate of 5 m2 per visitor and 5-6 m2 of water surface.
The minimum length of the beach coastline per 1 visitor should be taken, m, no less: for sea beaches - 0.2, river and lake beaches - 0.25. The bottom should be as sandy and flat as possible with a slope of no more than 0.03. With a flatter bottom (0.015), the width of the water strip intended for swimming will be about 200 m, and with large slopes it is reduced.
A place for swimming must be chosen where the depth of the reservoir does not exceed 2 m, and the most optimal is the area where the water area has two zones: with a depth of up to 1.2 m for those who cannot swim and with a depth of up to 2 m for those who can. Recommended cross profile
beach is shown in Fig. 8.
Rice. 8. Cross profile of a river beach.
1 - distribution (pedestrian) alley; 2 - protective strip of greenery (at least 6 m);
3 - beach; 4 - dive zone; 5 - swimming area.
The beach can be sandy, gravel-sand, gravel-pebble or grass. The area chosen for organizing the beach should have a flat surface with a slight (0.01-0.03) slope towards the water. If there are unfavorable soils in a given area (peat, silt, clay), provision should be made for the creation of an artificial surface from imported material (sand, pebbles) (Fig. 9). To prevent beach erosion, it is necessary to create a special load. The size of the material used for loading (gravel or pebbles) should change as the depth decreases and the flatness of the underwater part of the beach increases.
Rice. 9. Artificial beach.
1 - natural soil; 2 - imported or alluvial sand; 3 - gravel and pebble loading.
Depending on the number of visitors to the beach, it will be equipped with canopies, cloakrooms, changing cabins, first aid stations and rescue stations, catering and equipment rental facilities, and showers. They are equipped with jumping towers, solariums, aerariums, shade umbrellas and canopies, as well as areas for games and recreation. Beaches must have toilets and waste collection areas. Contaminated surface runoff water should not enter the beach area. To do this, a drainage system is installed in front of the beach, intercepting surface water that flows to the beach from higher areas.
Due to coastal erosion due to water flow and wave action, the beach is often destroyed. Therefore, in plan, it should have a slightly concave outline along a curve, ensuring water circulation and preventing erosion and removal of particles beyond its boundaries. If it is impossible to locate a beach with a bay-shaped outline, in order to reduce the entrainment of beach particles and retain sediment, engineering structures in the form of stream-directing dams, groynes and breakwaters are used.
Breakwaters and groins protect the beach from erosion and increase its area towards the reservoir. Breakwaters are mainly used on sea beaches. They are located parallel to the shore, and they can be unflooded or flooded, i.e. above or below water level. Depending on the bottom material, they are located from the shore at a distance of 20 to 100 m. The groins are placed perpendicularly or at an angle to the shore and connected to it. They are quite effective for the beach accumulation process for both sea and river beaches.
In front of the beach, it is necessary to provide for the creation of a distribution alley with a capacity (width) that takes into account the capacity of the beach and its attendance. The alley is separated from the beach by a strip of green space at least 6 m wide and with a sufficient number of exits to it. In order to prevent surface water from entering the beach, a drainage collector is laid along the edge of the inner edge of the alley, and the slope of the coating in its direction prevents dirty water from entering the beach and ensures its rapid removal through the collector outside the territory.
When designing a beach, it is necessary to provide a special area for children to swim. This can be an enclosed body of water connected to the main channel or pipe for water exchange, or a specially fenced shallow section of the main body of water. Much attention is paid to the installation of various water devices (crackers, slides for sliding into the water, etc.) and the equipment of nearby children's playgrounds (swings, canopies, etc.).
Beaches should be located on the southern, southwestern and southeastern slopes, which have the greatest insolation.
The number of vacationers is determined in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01-89*. The size of the territory of the beach recreation area is accepted per visitor from the following standards: in area S` - at least 8 m2, in length of the coastal strip L` - at least 0.25 m.
Accordingly, the number of vacationers N will be determined as the smallest of the expressions:
NS = S/S` and NL = L/L`
where S and L are the area of the beach and the length of its coastline, respectively.
The total number of one-time visitors is determined taking into account the simultaneous load factor of the beach (kз = 0.2 for the local population).
According to their functional purpose, beaches are divided:
therapeutic, intended for workers undergoing treatment in sanatoriums (separate and combined into complexes);
general resort - for all contingents of vacationers at the resort;
citywide - for the permanent population of the resort.
To organize climate therapy, as a rule, existing natural beaches are used. In some cases, when there are insufficient areas of natural beaches, special open areas are created.
For all types of beaches, the area per person is standardized, and functional zones are predefined. City-wide beaches have less developed forms of equipment for functional zones and are designed mainly for relaxation and recreational procedures - baths of total solar radiation and air baths (in the shade).
To establish optimal conditions for climate therapy, as well as to determine the size of the equipment used, it is necessary to know some data about the meteorological state of the atmosphere and their effect on the human body.
Different combinations of temperature, humidity and air speed can produce not only different thermal sensations, but also different physiological responses in humans. According to the Sochi Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy, optimal conditions for humans are: air temperature - 18-21°C;
relative humidity - 60 - 80%;
air movement speed - up to 3 m/sec.
The most favorable time for taking heliotherapy baths is when the sun is above the horizon at 40 -50 C; in this case, an optimal voltage of ultraviolet radiation is created, and infrared radiation does not yet reach its maximum.
In accordance with SNiP 2.07.01-89*, the coastal strips of ponds must be landscaped. To do this you need to do:
creating convenient and safe access to water;
creation of a rescue and medical center on the beach;
laying driveways and pedestrian paths;
planting green spaces;
safe relief device.
Rescue station. The rescue station building should be located so that it is possible to conveniently view and control the water area. A tower is installed for observations. The premises include rooms for the duty personnel (15 - 20 m2) and the head of the rescue service (9 m2). In addition, the building may include a first-aid post with a bathroom (15 m2). The lifeguard station is often located in the same building with other beach service agencies. Near the station there should be a pier for parking rescue boats, as well as a special room for storing boats on the shore.
Along the water area in swimming areas, every 25 m at a distance of 4-5 m from the water, poles with a shield should be installed for attaching life-saving equipment: lifebuoys, Suslov balls and the ends of the Alexandrov system, wooden shields, racks - wooden, metal or reinforced concrete.
Alleys, paths, paths. The structures of alleys, paths, paths on beaches and in the adjacent green area must be dust-free and not get too hot from the sun's rays. Must be resistant to precipitation and comfortable for walking.
Concrete slabs can be made in various sizes and configurations: square - 37.5 37.5 4; 50 50 5 cm and hexagonal with sides 33 and 50 cm, thickness 4 and 6 cm.
In areas with less heavy foot traffic, concrete slabs or natural stone slabs can be laid with 3 cm wide joints. Vegetable pound is poured into the joints and lawn grass seeds are sown. The ground level in the joints should be 1.5-2 cm below the level of the slabs, and the paths themselves should be made 3-4 cm above the ground level.
The width and coverage of paths, as well as their location in plan, are determined depending on their purpose and the intensity of pedestrian traffic. For one-way traffic, the width of the track is 0.75 m, for two-way traffic - 1.5.
Beach equipment. Designing furniture for the beach must be carried out taking into account the following basic principles:
equipment of functional areas of beaches, providing comfortable recreation;
optimal dimensions of equipment, determined by the rational use of products and anthropometric data;
possibilities for alternative use of equipment items;
the use of resistant materials and coatings that improve performance products and increase their service life;
unification of elements for groups of furniture with similar design diagram and size ranges;
creating a wide range of products due to the variety of colors and the use of various finishing materials.
Changing cabins can accommodate one, two, three or four people. It is advisable to consider a series of cabins of various capacities based on standardized elements. The composition of the plan must be decided during the design process.
The design of the cabin includes a metal frame and for enclosing surfaces polymer sheet materials, wooden slats, etc. The surface of the cabins must be resistant to precipitation and exposure to sunlight. For permanent installation of cabins, it is necessary to provide reliable fastening with embedding it in the ground, as well as the possibility of dismantling it on winter period. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure storage during conservation.
Benches. Types of benches intended for equipping unshaded areas and green areas, their varieties, providing for different operating modes (stationary, mobile, etc.), as well as the characteristics of the material used.
Depending on the operating conditions, you can accurately select the appropriate type of product.
The base of the bench should ensure its stability; options with stationary supports (reinforced concrete and other materials rigidly fixed in the pound) may be provided. The seat surface must have a resistant coating against external influences - sun, rain, etc.
Personal sun protection devices. The main types of sun protection devices designed for individual use are: umbrellas, awnings, shade oval, rectangular and trapezoidal in plan, creating shading for one sun lounger.
Installation of umbrellas and screens should be done in metal glasses embedded in concrete, or have heavy metal bases that ensure the stability of the entire device. The main material for the frame is metal. It is necessary to provide devices for towels and dresses on the frame. Special colored canvas should be used to cover umbrellas and screens. The design of umbrellas must have a mechanism for giving it an inclined position, which allows you to create the necessary shade area at different positions of the sun.
Garbage bins should be provided both free-standing and mounted. The shape of free-standing urns can be square or round in plan. The design of the urn should provide for easy removal of the contents and cleaning of the surface of the internal volume. The construction material must be resistant to aggressive environmental influences.
A beach cleaning cart should have a trash container, a dustpan, a place and holder for a broom, as well as reliable wheels for moving on sandy and rocky soil. The trash container can be made of waterproof fabric. Construction material and finishes must be resistant to light disinfection.
Furniture color scheme. It is advisable to paint furniture for beach equipment in light colors. However, white should be excluded as it contributes excessive radiation (80% reflectance). I took into account that the most successful combination is contrasting; several colors can be recommended: blue, blue-green, orange, which have reflectance coefficients of 30, 20 - 30 and 25 -30%, respectively. These colors contrast well with the color of the beach - yellow sand, gray-yellow and gray-blue pebbles. The color of the equipment must be selected in contrast to the existing color of the beach covering,
In the same landscape, the brightness ratio does not exceed 50:1. Objects in the shadow are illuminated 10 times less than objects not protected from the sun.
Green and blue colors enhance their color in partial shade, while red and yellow gain color in illuminated areas. Taking into account these properties of colors, we can recommend blue, blue-green, blue colors for painting furniture used in the shade, and red, orange, yellow for furniture located in illuminated areas.
5. (6) Vertical layout of complex terrain
Purpose of building vertical reference- this is the determination of the absolute level of the finished floor of the 1st floor, i.e. the beginning of the relative marks count (0.000). During design and reconstruction, this elevation is determined based on the planning elevation of the transformed relief of the territory adjacent to the building. This mark - red - is determined by the red (planning) contours. It is known that red (design) marks, like black (marks of the existing terrain), are called absolute.
Throughout the Russian Federation, they have a single reference point - the level Baltic Sea. The marks of the elements of each individual building are called relative. Their starting point in each building is the level of the finished floor of the first floor. To calculate the absolute elevation of the finished floor of the first floor of any building, you need to know how much the floor is located above the ground. As a rule, this value - the elevation (ground level) - is indicated on the drawings of facades and sections of the building with a minus sign. Without taking into account the sign, it is added to the absolute planning elevation of the land and the desired value is obtained.
In an educational project, it is possible to link the building to the existing topography of green areas, i.e. calculate the black marks at the corners of the building. The planning mark (red) should be taken at the highest entrance mark. At all corners of buildings on the general plan there should be red marks on the outer shelves at the top and black marks at the bottom. In the center of the building, in a rectangle, indicate the absolute elevation corresponding to the value of 0.000 relative elevations (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. Example of performing vertical and horizontal bindings in educational practical work:l - designed building; II - existing building; i - direction of surface water flow; A, B, 1, 10 - axis designations
In conditions of significant differences in elevation of the relief of the microdistrict, urban planners use a wide range of vertical planning techniques. With their help, they form the planning surface of the microdistrict territory, organize transport and pedestrian traffic between terraces lying at different levels. In each specific case, one or another technique or vertical planning device is chosen depending on the properties of the soil, geological and hydrological conditions, and the requirements for the territory of the microdistrict.
The simplest element of the vertical layout of a territory when connecting surfaces with differences in elevations is a slope. Main question when designing slopes - establishing its steepness. It is selected based on the conditions of soil stability, prevention of landslides and erosion. It depends on the height of the elevation difference. With a slope height of up to 6 m in stable soils (semi-rocky and similar), the steepness is expressed in a ratio from 1:1 to 1:0.5; for soils of average stability - up to 1:1.5; for loose soils (fine-grained sands and the like) - 1:1.5 or less. To protect the slope from erosion by surface water, trays, ditches, and drainage pipes buried in the ground are installed at its base (Fig. 2). Through them, rainwater is directed to the water intake grates of the city drain or to the nearest body of water. In addition, the slopes are strengthened by planting greenery, sown with grasses with a developed root system, covered with turf, paved with stone, concrete and reinforced concrete slabs. For the same purpose, cement concrete slabs with holes filled with herbs or perennial flowers are used for paving slopes. When using green spaces to secure slopes, it is important to provide them with a plant layer of soil.
Retaining walls made vertical and inclined (slopes 1:10 and 1:12). To prevent the soil of the overlying terrace from being washed away, a drainage system and trays intercepting rain flows are provided in the upper terrace. Retaining walls are decorated with stone, rustication and other types of finishing.
For pedestrians, terraces located at different levels are connected by stairs. Stairs are installed in slopes and gaps in retaining walls with a slope of no more than 1:3, with a riser height of 10...14 cm. The width of the tread of stairs is not limited. When the slope slope is less than 1:13 (8%), the construction of pedestrian inclined ramps is allowed. Stairs and ramps are arranged taking into account the main directions of the transport and pedestrian communication system.
On the vertical layout project, design marks of characteristic points are indicated: at the corners and entrances of buildings, in places where the longitudinal slope changes and at intersections of the red lines of streets, in street trays, arrows indicate the directions and values of the longitudinal slopes (in percentage). Surface water flow will occur in these directions. In addition to the longitudinal slopes of driveways, sidewalks, green areas, as well as areas of residential districts, transverse slopes are arranged for the convenience of draining rainwater (Table 1).
Every year, about ten million Russians go on vacation to domestic resorts, and almost the same number sunbathe at foreign ones. And the rest of the country’s population remains at home for various reasons. However, they also want to lie on the beach, splash in the water, play with the children and have fun. Therefore, the idea of opening your own beach is promising and can bring considerable profit. But before you start bringing your idea to life, remember that our compatriots are increasingly drawn to civilized recreation. Therefore, putting up several grills for barbecue and inflating a trampoline does not mean organizing a beach.
In today’s article we will look at all the details of this business, give an example of a beach business plan and give some advice from experienced entrepreneurs.
Beach business is suitable for both cities and villages. All you need is a body of water - everything else can be arranged. However, when starting your business in a small town or village, you need to analyze the number of potential customers who will visit the beach and generate income. The rural population is unlikely to be able to provide good income for the season, since their salaries are low. It’s another matter if the village is located not far from the city and city residents can escape there every weekend. Holidays outside the city are now becoming popular, so the number of beach visitors can justify your costs.
The next important point is choosing a body of water for the beach. It could be a pond, river, lake. You can even build a pond yourself, but due to the fact that the water in it is stagnant, you will have to install expensive cleaning equipment. It is also better to drain the pond after each season to clear the bottom of the reservoir of debris and refresh the water. This will entail large costs, but visitors will be satisfied.
Your own beach is a promising business line
A beach on the river will require mandatory permission from the administration of the city in which the beach will open. Usually the procedure is not complicated, but the cleanliness of the reservoir and the beach will be closely monitored, and any violation will be punishable by a large fine. Therefore, take care of the cleanliness of your beach in advance, hire staff who will clean up the remnants of visitors’ “fun” every day.
Beach equipment requirements
According to Russian legislation, there are a number of rules and regulations that an entrepreneur must comply with in order for his beach to be allowed for the swimming season.
Before work begins, the beach must be inspected by employees of the sanitary and epidemiological station; after the inspection, a written conclusion must be issued on the condition of the beach area and its suitability for swimming. A survey of the beach bottom within the boundaries of the swim should also be carried out. These procedures are repeated annually before the opening of the swimming season.
The beach must be equipped with lifeguard stations with trained personnel. Admission of rescuers to work is possible only after approval from the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels of the Russian Federation. The work hours of the lifeguards are determined by the owner of the beach, having been agreed in advance with local authorities. Rescuers must have the necessary equipment to move through the water.
The beach must be equipped with a lifeguard station Swimming areas should have restrictions in the form of buoys that beach visitors should not swim beyond. All those present are notified of this using a loudspeaker, as well as using special signs on the shore.
Beaches should be located at a distance of 500 meters from wastewater and at a distance of 1000 meters from piers, hydraulic structures and moorings. The bottom of the pond on the beach should have a gradual slope to a depth of two meters, and should also be cleared of snags, debris, plants, glass and stones.
Separately, areas for children and non-swimmers should be limited; the depth of this area should not exceed 1.2 meters. There should be stands on the beaches with information about first aid, rules of conduct, and the number of sun loungers, awnings and umbrellas for sun protection.
For children in the pond should be limited special areas, the depth of which does not exceed 1.2 meters On the shore, at a distance of no more than 5 meters from the water, boards with lifebuoys are installed. The circles should contain the inscription “Throw to the drowning man.”
Boards with lifebuoys must be installed on the beach
A mast with a yellow flag must be installed on the shore of the beach, which indicates that “swimming is allowed” and a black ball with a diameter of 1 meter, indicating “swimming is prohibited.”
There should be a medical center on the beach area equipped with first aid equipment for people. Periodically, medical posts are checked for the availability of medications and the professionalism of the paramedic.
A prerequisite for opening the beach is the equipment of a first aid station. Drinking water fountains and dry toilets must be installed on the beach in order for sanitary services to allow it to work. It is also necessary to install ballot boxes at a distance of 8-10 meters from each other.
It is strictly prohibited to sell alcoholic beverages on the beach.
Entertainment
Usually, entry to the beach is free; the entrepreneur makes a profit from renting sun loungers, payments from kiosks and stalls on the beach and entertainment.
Any beach should have a whole range of entertainment for every taste, so that visitors can leave the maximum amount of money. These can be trampolines, zorbing, water slides, jet skis, water skiing, catamarans and everyone’s favorite bananas. Also on the beach you can install a shooting range with the opportunity to win a valuable gift, set up a mini-cafe with ice cream and soft drinks, and open a souvenir shop.
The beach should be equipped with a whole range of entertainment All this will require a lot of money, so at the initial stage it is better to choose several types of entertainment and rent out the rest to make a profit. It is best to purchase several jet skis, banana boats and water skis from the very beginning, as well as install trampolines and water slides. To do this, the entrepreneur will need at least 400 thousand rubles.
Jet skis are the most profitable entertainment for the beach Income and expenses
Beach business is an expensive business, because if you start it from scratch, you will need to invest a lot of money in its arrangement: install rescue stations, dry closets and changing rooms, install electricity, install bins and canopies, add sand, clean the bottom of the reservoir. All this, according to experienced entrepreneurs, costs from one to one and a half million rubles.
The next expense item is the purchase of inventory and entertainment equipment. The more of your own equipment is purchased, the less you will have to give to tenants and the higher the businessman’s income will be. In the first year of operation of the beach, they usually spend no more than 500 thousand on the purchase of entertainment, this will allow them to quickly achieve payback and develop the business later.
Renting a beach is considered the most low-cost part, its amount does not exceed 50-80 thousand rubles per year (despite the fact that the season lasts only 3 months, the remaining time the entrepreneur pays rent for this area).
The beach staff: lifeguards, paramedics, salespeople, security, are a serious blow to their pockets. During the season, wage costs will amount to more than 700,000 rubles.
Total expenses in the first year of operation of the beach will be about 2,800,000 rubles.
Now let's turn to income. The entrepreneur does not charge an entrance fee to the beach, but compensates for this by renting sunbeds and umbrellas, paying for changing rooms and toilets, entertainment and income from tenants. The average monthly income of the beach in the first season is 500-600 thousand, every year the income will only grow, because everything most of the equipment will be owned by the entrepreneur. Based on such calculations, it turns out that the payback for the beach will be about two years.
The beach business is considered one of the most highly profitable seasonal types of business, but the initial costs and risks discourage many people from this activity. But if you are confident in your abilities, have the necessary funds to start and are not afraid of possible difficulties, then this business is for you, go for it and become a successful beach owner.
In July 2010, several accidents involving swimmers and small watercraft occurred on the beaches of reservoirs in different regions of Russia. Several people died.
According to the rules for the protection of life on water in the city of Moscow, approved by a decree of the Moscow government of June 24, 1997, before the start of the swimming season, each beach must be prepared and presented for technical inspection by the commission of the State Inspectorate for Small Boats of the city of Moscow.
The commission issues a conclusion on the suitability of the beach and surface waters for swimming in the presence of positive acts from the sanitary and epidemiological supervision body on the sanitary condition of the beach area and the suitability of surface waters for swimming, as well as diving inspection and cleaning of the bottom of the beach water area at depths of up to 2 m within the swimming boundaries, issued by specialists of the City Search and Rescue Service.
Beaches are located at a distance of at least 500 m upstream from wastewater discharge sites, no closer than 250 m above and 1000 m below ports, hydraulic structures, wharves, moorings, piers, landing stages, oil loading facilities.
In areas designated for swimming and upstream up to 500 m, washing clothes and bathing animals is prohibited.
The coastal area of the beach must have fences and drains for rainwater, and the bottom of its water area must have a gradual slope without ledges to a depth of 2 m with a strip width from the shore of at least 15 m and cleared of aquatic plants, snags, glass, stones and other objects.
The area of the water surface in a swimming area in a flowing body of water should be at least 5 square meters. m per bather, and on a stagnant body of water - 2-3 times more. Each person should have at least 2 square meters. m area of the coastal part of the beach, in the baths - at least 3 sq. m.
In areas designated for swimming, there should be no groundwater outlet, whirlpool, funnels or current exceeding 0.5 m per second. Baths must be connected to the shore by bridges or ladders, be securely fastened, and entry into the water must be comfortable and have railings.
Swimming boundaries in swimming areas are marked by orange buoys located at a distance of 20-30 m from one another and up to 25 m from a place with a depth of 1.3 m. Swimming boundaries should not extend into the navigation areas.
On the beaches, sections of the water area are allocated for swimming for children and for non-swimmers with depths of no more than 1.2 m. These areas are marked with a line of floats or are fenced with a picket fence.
Places for diving equipped on beaches, as a rule, should be located in natural areas of the water area with deep shores. In the absence of such areas, wooden walkways or rafts are installed to a place with depths that ensure safety when diving. Diving towers can also be installed in places with depths that ensure safety when performing jumps.
Walkways, ladders, rafts and towers must have a continuous deck and be tested for working load. After testing, they are marked “tested” with the date of testing.
During the swimming season, beach owners organize the deployment of rescue posts on the beaches with the necessary watercraft, equipment, equipment and ensure rescuers are on duty to prevent accidents with people and provide assistance to those in distress on the water.
Rescuers of these posts must have permission to perform rescue work on beaches, issued by the State Inspectorate for Small Boats of Moscow based on the results of passing standards and techniques for providing assistance to people in distress on the water while swimming.
The work schedule of the rescue post (rescue duty) is established by the owner of the beach in agreement with the local government.
Recreation areas with swimming accepted for operation must be equipped with a medical station located in a separate room (preferably next to the rescue station), with an area of at least 12 square meters. m, with sufficient natural light, toilet, running water, furnished with 1 table, 3 chairs, a trestle bed (couch) 50 cm high, with a bed measuring 200x70 cm. The designation of the medical station is “red cross on a white” background or the inscription “Medical station”. There must be a designated parking area for ambulances near the medical station. The administration of recreation areas and the police must ensure unhindered entry and movement of emergency medical vehicles through the territory of the recreation area.
Medical equipment (medicines, dressings, medical equipment, etc.) and medical personnel are provided during the swimming season by the Health Department of the administrative district.
Beaches, as a rule, must be radio-equipped and have telephone connections.
Accumulation of pollutants and garbage is not allowed on the territory of the recreation area. Disposal of garbage and waste must be carried out in a timely manner by specialized organizations that have the appropriate license for this type activities based on the contract.
The installation of cesspool toilets on beaches is not allowed; if it is impossible to connect to a centralized sewerage system, it is recommended to install biotoilets or use bioremediation systems for fecal water.
The sale of alcoholic beverages on the beaches is prohibited.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources