The smallest countries in the world by area. The smallest countries in the world by area An archipelago with an area of 300 km was now
Do you know how many times the most big Island Is Russia smaller than the largest island in the world? Read the post and find out.
No. 10. Ellesmere (Canada) - 196,236 km2
Ellesmere is the most northern island Canada is one of the ten largest islands by area in the world. Due to the harsh climate, the island's population is about 150 people.
The remains of prehistoric animals have been repeatedly found on the territory of Ellesmere. The first settlers were nomads from Siberia. In 1250, the Thule people, the ancestors of the Eskimos, settled in the territory. But by the middle of the 18th century the island became deserted.
The island was discovered in 1616 by the English navigator William Baffin.
No. 9. Victoria (Canada) - 217,291 km2
In ninth place by area is Victoria Island (Canada). The island was discovered in 1838 during the expedition of British explorer Thomas Simpson.
In the 50s of the 20th century, there were several settlements on the island where meteorologists lived. By the end of the 20th century, the population increased due to Eskimo settlers who took up fishing activities here.
No. 8. Honshu (Japan) - 227,970 km2
Honshu is the largest island of the Japanese archipelago and ranks 8th in the ranking of the largest islands in the world. The largest Japanese cities are located on the island of Honshu: Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Kyoto, Hiroshima, etc.
The island is covered with many volcanoes, some of them active. The population of the island is more than 103 million people.
No. 7. Great Britain (UK) - 229,848 km2
Great Britain ranks 7th on the list of the largest islands in the world and is the most big island among the British Isles and in Europe as a whole.
The history of Great Britain begins with the Roman conquest in 43 BC, but the island also had an earlier history.
Great Britain was inhabited by the Noto people several hundred thousand years ago. Modern man has arrived British Isles before the start of the last ice age, but retreated to southern Europe due to the glaciers covering the island. According to archaeological finds, after 12,000 BC e. The British Isles were repopulated. Around 4,000 BC e. the island was inhabited by people of the Neolithic culture.
Today the population of the island of Great Britain is more than 61 million people, making it the most densely populated area in Europe.
No. 6. Sumatra (Indonesia) - 443,066 km2
Sumatra is the sixth largest island in the world. It is located in two hemispheres at once, since the Equator passes almost through the middle of the island. The island belongs to Indonesia and is part of the Malay Archipelago. It is located in an area of frequent earthquakes and tsunamis.
Today the population of the island of Sumatra is more than 50 million people. The main cities of Sumatra: Medan, Palembang, Padang. People of many nationalities live in Sumatra, about 90% profess Islam.
About 73 thousand years ago, the Toba volcano exploded on the island of Sumatra. This event resulted in 1,800 years of ice age and a reduction in the human population to 2,000 people.
The name of the island comes from the Sanskrit word samudra - “ocean” or “sea”.
No. 5. Baffin Island (Canada) - 507,451 km2
Baffin Island is the first largest island in Canada and the fifth largest in the world. Due to the harsh climatic conditions of the island, the population is about 11 thousand people. Largest locality islands - Iqaluit.
The first description of the island was made by William Baffin in 1616, and the island was named after him.
No. 4. Madagascar (Madagascar) - 587,713 km2
The fourth place in the ranking is occupied by the island of Madagascar. Is located in Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa. The island is home to the state of Madagascar (the capital is Antananarivo). Today the population of the island of Madagascar is more than 24 million people.
Locals call Madagascar the red island because of the color of the soil. More than half of the animals found in Madagascar cannot be found on the mainland, and 90% of the plants are endemic.
No. 3. Kalimantan (Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei) - 748,168 km2
Kalimantan or Borneo is the third largest island in the world. It is divided between 3 countries: Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. The island is located in the center of the Malay Archipelago.
Kalimantan means diamond river in the local language. It is named so due to its rich resources, in particular a large number of diamonds.
The first people settled Kalimantan about 40 thousand years ago. Today the population of the island is about 20 million people. More than 300 ethnic groups live on the island.
№2. New Guinea(Indonesia, Papua New Guinea) - 785,753 km2
There are still places in New Guinea where no man has ever been. This place attracts flora and fauna researchers, as they can find rare species of animals and plants here. More than 11 thousand species of plants, 600 unique species of birds, over 400 species of amphibians, 455 species of butterflies and about a hundred known species of mammals live here.
New Guinea has been inhabited by humans since at least 45 thousand years BC. e. from Asia. More than a thousand Papuan-Melanesian tribes descended from the first settlers. The absence of large animals suitable for domestication on the island hampered the development of agriculture and made cattle breeding impossible. This contributed to the preservation of the primitive communal system in large areas of New Guinea until the present day. The mountainous landscape contributed to the isolation of people from each other, as a result of which a huge variety of languages appeared on the island.
The discoverer of New Guinea was the Portuguese Don Jorge de Menezes, who landed on the island in 1526. According to legend, he gave the island the name “Papua”, which translates as curly, due to the curly hair of the local aborigines.
Today the population of the island of New Guinea is more than 9.5 million people.
In the territory of New Guinea there is an ancient agricultural settlement of Kuka, showing an isolated development Agriculture for 7-10 thousand years and included in the List World Heritage UNESCO.
No. 1. Greenland (Denmark) - 2,130,800 km2
The largest island in the world is Greenland. The Green Country, as this island is also called, belongs to Denmark. Due to glacial cover (84% of the surface) and unfavorable climatic conditions, most of the island is uninhabited. Today the population of Greenland is more than 57 thousand people. The largest settlement on the island is Nuuk (Gothob).
Several thousand years before the arrival of Europeans, the island was inhabited by Greenlandic Eskimos, who call themselves Inuit. The Inuit have adapted to the extreme conditions of the Arctic climate and feel quite comfortable. From time immemorial they have been engaged in fishing and hunting.
The first European to enter the island was the Norman Gunbjorn in 875. In 982, Erik Raudi settled on the island with several comrades, expelled from Iceland for the crimes he had committed. Later they were joined by Norwegian Vikings. In 983, the first Norman colony was founded in Greenland.
After the settlement of Greenland by Europeans, the island was repeatedly passed from hand to hand. Until 1536, the island belonged to Norway, then it became part of Denmark, in accordance with the union between Denmark and Norway. In 1721, a Danish colony called Gotthob was officially established on the island. In 1814, after the dissolution of the union between Norway and Denmark, Greenland became the complete possession of Denmark.
The main activity of the Greenland population is fishing. But at the end of the 20th century, reindeer and sheep breeding and oil production appeared. Tourism and air transport play a big role. More than 20 thousand tourists visit Greenland every year.
The largest island in Russia (Sakhalin) is 27 times smaller than the largest island in the world (Greenland).
The largest islands of Russia:
Sakhalin - 76600 km2
Northern - 48904 km2
Yuzhny - 33275 km2
Boiler house - 23200 km2
October Revolution - 13708 km2
Work on the World Islands began in 2003 on the initiative of the Emir of Dubai, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, also known for other ambitious projects (for example, the famous Parus Hotel). The idea to create an artificial archipelago appeared after it became clear that coastline Persian Gulf there is not enough for everyone who wants to buy a piece of land near the water. The first sign was Palm Jumeirah - the same “palm tree” that today is one of the symbols. Almost immediately after it, 4 kilometers from the coast, the Nakheel company began to build The World(World).
Unlike Palm Jumeirah, the World Islands do not have a land connection with the mainland, so all building materials were delivered here only by water and air. Sand to create islands with an area of 14 to 83 thousand m2 was taken from the bottom of the Persian Gulf, and to prevent it from being washed away, a system of breakwaters was built around it.
Material for the construction of the islands was taken from the bottom of the Persian Gulf Photo of the period of construction of one of the islands
Initially, it was planned to create 7 “continents,” but since few people could afford such large areas of land, they decided to divide them into dozens of islands that could be purchased by private individuals. The very first appeared in 2004, it was called “Dubai”. By 2006, the Mir archipelago was almost ready, and two years later, about 70% of the territories were bought up by private investors.
However, the construction boom on The World Islands did not last long. In 2008, a large-scale financial crisis began, the consequences of which are still visible today. Construction sites were frozen, and projects to create hotels and luxury resorts were partially implemented only on the island of Lebanon. The situation only picked up steam in 2018, when Kleindienst decided to modernize part of the archipelago by adding facilities with artificial snow and ice. But the future will tell how successful these plans will be.
How to get to the World Archipelago in Dubai
It is almost impossible to get to the World Islands without being the owner of one of them. Even boat trips in this place are prohibited, except for a transfer to Lebanon, where the Royal Island beach club is located. A boat departs every hour from Fishing Harbor 1. For the excursion, you need to purchase a ticket that includes a boat ride and a visit to the club itself.
The exact address: La Rambla boulevard, building 19.
How to get there from Dubai Airport:
Option 1
Metro: From the stop at terminal 3, take the red line to Business Bay station in 27 minutes.
Bus: at the metro station, change to bus number 9 and go to Al Arouba Street 1, the journey takes 10 minutes.
On foot: walk 1 km.
Option 2
Bus: From the stop at terminal 1, take bus No. 32C to Satwa Roundabout 1, the journey takes 28 minutes.
Bus: change to route No. 88 and drive to Suhail Bin Jumaa Masjid for 23 minutes.
On foot: walk 1 km.
How to get there from Al Maktoum Airport:
Option 1
Bus: Take route No. F55 to the Ibn Battuta stop, the journey takes 37 minutes.
Metro: From Ibn Battuta station, travel to Business Bay in 25 minutes.
Bus: Route No. 9 gets to Al Arouba Street 1 in 10 minutes.
On foot: walk 1 km.
Option 2
Bus: take route No. F55 to the Ibn Battuta stop in 37 minutes.
Bus: change to route No. 8 and go to Rashid Al Hadees Masjid 2, the journey takes 1.5 hours.
The World Archipelago in Dubai on the map
What to see
The world's largest artificial archipelago, "Mir", occupies an area of about 55 km 2, on which some islands are collected in groups, while others are located at a distance from each other. It was originally planned that this place would become a “resort for the elite” - filled with luxury villas, hotels and beach clubs for the most famous and rich people in the world. Several companies, having bought part of the islands, actually tried to implement such projects.
5-star hotels and a whole group of luxury villas were built on the island of Aquitainia, and Isla Moda was planned to be entirely dedicated to fashion. In addition to the resort infrastructure, they wanted to open boutiques of the most famous brands, a hotel designed by Karl Lagerfeld and several venues for fashion shows. On the 19 islands of “Australia” and “New Zealand”, Kuwaiti investors were going to put into operation the huge Oceana complex. As part of such a resort, the construction of residential buildings on the coast and on stilts, spa hotels with swimming pools and private villas began. However, all these projects “froze” at various stages of implementation.
At the same time, part of the territory of the Mir archipelago remained non-commercial. For example, the island of “Ethiopia” was bought by Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie at a time when they were still married, “Antarctica” belongs to Michael Schumacher, and “Great Britain” belongs to billionaire Richard Branson. Most of the Rossiya group was bought by Russian businessmen, with the exception of St. Petersburg, which is owned by the Kleindienst Group.
But the high cost of development on the islands, which are connected to the mainland only by air and water, led to the fact that only “Lebanon” was able to be opened to the general public. There is a beach club “The Royal Island”, which includes:
- Huge swimming pool;
- Volleyball court;
- Two beaches with panoramic views;
- Bar for parties and discos;
- Mediterranean restaurant.
There are also rooms for relaxation, but they are only available during the day - when the beach club is open. Therefore, only day trips, during which you can sunbathe, swim in the pool or go on a short boat trip around the area. One of the advantages of such excursions is the small number of people; on some days the club’s visitors can easily be counted on the fingers of one hand.
Opening hours and ticket prices
Beach club “The Royal Island” on the island of “Lebanon” is open:
- Every day from 11:00 to 18:00.
Ticket price including boat travel:
- For adults - 300 AED ( ~6,393 rub. );
- For children under 10 years old - 150 AED ( ~3,197 rub. ).
- The largest artificial archipelago was planned to be made even larger - with the help of new islands they wanted to turn it into “The Universe” (The Universe project).
- You can purchase one of the islands directly from the developer company only by personal invitation, which is sent by the most famous people peace.
- During construction, coral reefs were moved to new locations. It is planned that they will be gradually populated by aquatic inhabitants, so that in a few years this formation will look completely natural.
- In order to avoid stagnation of water in the straits, there is a forced circulation system - special blades on the breakwaters create artificial currents.
- Construction is currently underway on the island of Sweden ski resort. There are already completed facilities in which closed presentations were held.
Solovki is a canvas woven from spiritual strength and physical weakness, human joy and universal grief, willpower and betrayal, beautiful lies and ugly truth, the hiss of the surf and unique sunsets, silvery fish and the rustle of wings. It is stitched with heather roots and the rays of the sun, covered with snow and illuminated by the northern lights, flavored with blood, vodka and rain. The Solovki rinse in the White Sea winds, shimmering with all the colors of life, and rustle their stories to everyone who wants to hear them.
The Solovetsky Archipelago (Solovki) is located in the Onega Bay, 164 kilometers from the conventional line of the Arctic Circle. The archipelago consists of six large and about 260 small islands. Bolshoi Square Solovetsky Island- 221.8 km2, and the area of the entire archipelago exceeds 300 km2. Highest point- Mount Verbokolskaya (88.2 m) at .
photo: Kirill Ponomarev
The geographical location of the archipelago has determined the emergence of its own microclimate: cherry trees bloom (but do not bear fruit) on the islands, cedar pines, maples, and hazel trees grow. Most of The archipelago is covered with coniferous and deciduous forests, but some areas are tundra and forest-tundra. The glacier played an important role in the formation of the archipelago. There are more than 600 fresh lakes in Solovki, which are home to perch, roach, pike, burbot, and trout. In the forests you can find white hare, fox, and squirrel. In rare years when the White Sea freezes, reindeer and elk come to visit. Among the marine animals are seals, beluga whales, bearded seals, and harp seals. The sea is home to catfish, lumpfish, flounder, cod, navaga and Solovetsky herring. The coastal strip of the archipelago is unusually rich in algae plantations - seaweed (kelp), fucus and ahnfeltia, from which agar-agar is extracted.
photo: Kirill Ponomarev
The history of the development of the Solovetsky archipelago goes back about 7,000 years. Ancient sites, mounds and seids were discovered here. The most mysterious monuments are the sanctuaries of the 3rd-2nd millennium BC, which include the famous. The main historical and architectural monuments of the archipelago are associated with the history of an influential spiritual monastery and the northernmost medieval fortress in the world. , reflected in the waters of the Holy Lake or the Bay of Prosperity, is one of the most popular and beloved views by tourists. During Soviet times, the first camp in the USSR was located on the archipelago special purpose, which marked the beginning of Stalin's Gulag. More than 1,000,000 prisoners passed through and their branches on the mainland.
Today the territory of the Solovetsky archipelago and the adjacent water area is a nature reserve. In 1992, the historical and architectural ensemble of the Solovetsky Monastery was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and in 1995 it was classified as a particularly valuable natural and historical heritage site in Russia.
text: based on materials from the guidebook “History of the Solovetsky Archipelago”, author Oleg Kodola
photo in the top block: Svetlana Ladkina, Anna Khazova, Igor Pavlov, Lyudmila Gagarinova, Evgeny Kondratyev, Nikolay Kvartnikov, Kirill Ponomarev
photo: Natalya Bochkareva
Incredible facts
It is incredibly difficult to calculate the total number of islands on our planet.
Every year new islands appear in the world, but the largest islands still remain in their places.
Here you can learn about both the world's largest islands and the largest island states ah and even the largest lake islands.
NOTE: Australia is still considered more of a continent than an island, but if you consider it an island, then it is the largest island on Earth, with an area of 7,618,493 square meters. km.1. Greenland Island
Greenland is considered the largest island on our planet. Its local name is Kalallit-Nunaat. The area of the island is 2,166,086 square meters. km.
Highest point: Gunbjorn (3,700 meters).
Region: Greenland.
A country: Denmark.
Facts about Greenland
* The capital of Greenland, Nuuk, is the smallest capital city in the world. Its population is only 15,105 people (as of July 2009).
* It is believed that Greenland was inhabited in prehistoric times by various Paleo-Eskimo groups. However archaeological research show that the Inuit settled here around 2500 BC.
* The first Europeans arrived here in 985. They were Norwegians and Icelanders. They were called the Norwegian Greenlanders.
You can find out the most interesting things about the beautiful island of Greenland just below or by clicking HERE .
2. Island of New Guinea
Area – 785,753 sq. km.
Highest point: 4884 meters.
Population (2010): 9,500,000 people.
Countries: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.
Facts about New Guinea
Mount Bagan - active volcano. Height 1730.
* West Side The islands of New Guinea are located in Indonesia, and its eastern part is in the territory of the state of Papua New Guinea.
* New Guinea is the largest island divided between countries.
* 11,000 plant species live here, 600 rare species birds, more than 400 species of amphibians, more than 450 species of butterflies, and approximately 100 species of mammals.
* In ancient times, this island was connected to the Australian continent.
* New Guinea was discovered for Europe in the 16th century by Spanish and Portuguese sailors.
* The island received its name from the Spanish navigator Inigo Ortiz de Retes. When he arrived on the island in 1545, it seemed to him that local residents very similar to the aborigines who live in African Guinea.
3. Borneo Island
Area - 748,168 sq. km.
Archipelago: Malay Archipelago.
A country: Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia.
Highest point: Mount Kinabalu, 4095 meters.
Population (2010): 19,800,000 people.
Facts about Borneo Island
* On this island grows the world's largest flower - Rafflesia, the smell of which, according to local residents, is similar to the smell of a decomposing corpse.
* In Borneo there is a tropical forest, which is already more than 130 million years old. It is home to many species of rare animals: the Sumatran rhinoceros, Asian elephant, Bornean clouded leopard and others.
4. Madagascar Island
Area - 587,713 sq. km.
A country: Madagascar.
Highest point: 2961 meters.
Population (2008): 20,042,552 people.
Facts about Madagascar
* Millions of years ago, Madagascar was part of the same land, Gondwana, and about 60 million years ago, this island was the first to separate from the mainland and thereby became the first island on our planet.
* The first people came to Madagascar about 2000 years ago.
* The first European to notice this island was the Portuguese navigator Diego Diaz. This happened at the beginning of the 16th century, and after that Madagascar became one of the most important trading points on the way to India.
* Malagasy, French and English are spoken on the island.
* Since the island is rich in iron and aluminum, it was nicknamed the Great Red Island.
* The country of Madagascar ranks first in the cultivation and export of vanilla.
5. Baffin Island
Area - 503,944 sq. km.
A country: Canada.
Region: Nunavut.
Highest point: 2147 meters.
Population (2007): 11,000 people.
Facts about Baffin Island
* Baffin Island is a very cold and virtually uninhabited place.
* Thor Peak, named after the Norse god, can be found here. It is worth noting that Thor Peak is the highest cliff on our planet.
* Baffin Island was named after the famous British explorer William Baffin, who first described the island in 1616. It is believed that Baffin is its discoverer.
* More than half of the island's territory is located beyond the Arctic Circle. For this reason, there are polar days and nights here.
6. Sumatra Island
Area - 443,066 sq. km.
A country: Indonesia.
Highest point: 3800 meters.
Population (2010): 50,600,000 people.
Facts about Sumatra
* The island is home to the Toba volcano, which is believed to have caused the last ice age. About 70,000 years ago, this volcano exploded and released thousands of cubic kilometers of ash into the air, obscuring the rays of the Sun for many years. Today, in the caldera of the Toba volcano there is a beautiful lake of the same name, and in its center there is another island - Samosir, inside which there is also a lake - Sidokhni.
* Scientists believe that the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano on the island led to the formation of a strait between the islands of Sumatra and Java. In 1883, the volcano exploded and, together with the island on which it was located, they sank to the bottom of the sea. Today, in its place a new mountain has formed - Anak-Krakatoa ("Child of Krakatoa"), which grows 7 meters every year.
* Batak tribes still live on the island. Before the adoption of Christianity, these tribes were cannibals.
* The most expensive coffee in the world, Kopi Luwak, is grown here in Sumatra. The fact is that there is only one animal on the island - the kopi luwak, which loves coffee berries. Of course, he chooses only the best berries. They are not completely digested by kopi-luwak. Locals collect them, wash them and roast them to create coffee.
7. Honshu Island
Area - 225,800 sq. km.
A country: Japan.
Highest point: 3776 meters.
Population (2010): 100,000,000 people.
Facts about Honshu Island
* On the island of Honshu there is Mount Fuji - the symbol of the land of the rising sun.
* Earthquakes are common here as Honshu is located at the intersection of 3 formation plates.
* The largest Japanese cities in Japan are also located here - Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, Kyoto.
8. UK Island
Area - 229,957 sq. km.
Archipelago: British Isles.
A country: Great Britain.
Regions: England, Scotland, Wales.
Highest point: 1,344 meters.
Population (2011): 61,371,315 people.
Facts about Great Britain
* Great Britain is also called Albion, as it was previously known as the land of albinos. The Romans called the British Isles with the word “Britain” (lat. Britannia), which is where the name of this island came from. But they decided to add “Great” to the word “Britain” so that the country would be listed as a political unit. Today we have the island of Britain and a geopolitical unit called Great Britain.
* The Prime Meridian intersects the axis of the Greenwich Observatory located in London.
* Since the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a single state, then any person living on its territory can be called “British”, even if he is from Scotland or Northern Ireland.
9. Victoria Island
Area - 220,548 sq. km.
A country: Canada
Regions: Nunavut, Northwest Territories
Highest point: 665 meters
Population (2001): 1707 people.
Facts about Victoria Island
* Thomas Simpson was the first to discover this island in 1838. The British explorer decided to name the island after Queen of England Victoria, who was also Queen of Canada from 1867 to 1901.
* Here is the largest island within an island within an island.
10. Ellesmere Island
Area - 183,965 sq. km.
A country: Canada
Region: Nunavut.
Highest point: 2616 meters
Population (2006): 146 people.
Facts about Ellesmere Island
* Island decorated big mountains and ice fields. Ellesmere is the highest mountain part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
* The island has been shrouded in ice since the last ice age, but only 1/3 of its territory is covered by glaciers.
10 largest island states in the world
1.
Indonesia - 1,912,988 sq. km.
2. Madagascar - 587,041 sq. km.
3. Papua New Guinea - 462,840 sq. km.
4. Japan - 377,837 sq. km.
5. Philippines - 300,000 sq. km.
6. New Zealand- 270,534 sq. km.
7. UK - 242,910 sq. km.
8. Cuba - 110,860 sq. km.
9. Iceland - 103,000 sq. km.
10. Ireland - 70,273 sq. km.
10 largest volcanic islands
These islands were formed as a result of volcanic eruptions at the bottom of the sea.
1. Sumatra, Indonesia - 473,481 sq. km.
2.
Honshu, Japan - 225,800 sq. km.
3. Java, Indonesia - 138,794 sq. km.
4. Northern, New Zealand - 111,583 sq. km.
5. Luzon, Philippines – 109,965 sq. km.
6. Iceland – 103,000 sq. km.
7. Mindanao, Philippines – 97,530 sq. km.
8. Hokkaido, Japan – 78,719 sq. km.
9. New Britain, Papua New Guinea – 35,145 sq. km.
10. Halmahera, Indonesia – 18,040 sq. km.
10 largest lake islands
1. Manitoulin, Lake Huron, Canada - 2,766 sq. km.
2.
René-Levasseur, Manicouagan Reservoir, Quebec, Canada – 2,000 sq. km.
3. Olkhon, Lake Baikal, Russia - 730 sq. km.
4. Isle Royale, Lake Superior, Michigan, USA - 541 sq. km.
5. Ukerewe, Lake Victoria, Tanzania - 530 sq. km.
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