An open educational event for children in the pre-school cognitive development group “Seven Wonders of the World. Class hour on the topic “Seven Wonders of the World” Competitive event about the 7 wonders of the world
GU"WITH secondary general education school no. 5 "Department and education of the akimat of Kostanay
PLAN FOR AN EXTRA-CLASSROOM EVENT
Full name (full name)
Knyazeva Oksana Evgenievna
Item
Story
Class
5th grade students
Extracurricular activity history in 5th grade.
Topic: "Seven Wonders of the World"
The purpose of the lesson: 1.Introduce students to the history of the “Seven Wonders of the World”, reveal their uniqueness and significance for the ancient era.
2. Continue developing the skills to work independently with additional literature and analyze it.
3.Continue to develop students’ creative abilities.
4. Foster respect and interest in the cultural diversity of the world, in the history of other peoples.
Equipment: reproductions of “Seven Wonders of the World”, maps: “Ancient East”, “ Ancient Greece».
Epigraphs are written on the board:
“History is the witness of centuries, the torch of truth, the soul of memory, the teacher of life.”
“Everything in the world is afraid of time, and time is afraid of the pyramids”
Arabic proverb
Progress of the lesson
I Organizational moment
Teacher's story:
Today we have an unusual activity. We will take a trip to the Seven Wonders of the World.
And we will dedicate it to Howard Carter, who would have turned 140 years old on May 9th. This was an English archaeologist, a seeker of Egyptian antiquities. He revealed to the whole world the great secrets of the pyramids. People saw what the tombs of Thutmose IV, Tutankhamun, and the mummy of Amenhotep looked like.
The first mentions of the Seven Wonders of the World appear in the works of Greek authors, starting from the Hellenistic era. The “selection” of miracles occurred gradually, and some miracles were replaced by others. Antipater of Sidon (III century BC) gives a complete listing of them in his epigram:
I saw Zeus at Olympia,
Miracle hanging gardens Babylon,
Colossus of Helios
And the pyramids are the work of many and hard labors;
I know Mausolus, a huge tomb
But I just saw
I am the palace of Artemis, the roof raised to the clouds,
Everything else faded before him;
Beyond Olympus
The sun does not see beauty equal to it anywhere.
Like collections of sayings of famous sages, collections of anecdotes and stories of wonders, writings on the Seven Wonders of the World were popular in ancient times and included descriptions of the grandest, most magnificent, or technically most amazing buildings and monuments of art. That's why they were called miracles. But why only "7"? The choice of number itself is sanctified by the most ancient ideas about its completeness, completeness and perfection (the number 7 was considered the sacred number of the god Apollo).
Each of the “Seven Wonders of the World” aroused delight and admiration due to its artistic perfection. They combine art and technology in a remarkable way. And only this saved them from oblivion.
You and I will try to travel to a place far from us. ancient era and reveal all the secrets of these amazing creations created by human hands.
7 tourist teams are participating (based on the names of the miracles - the names of the teams).
Team captains talk about their “wonder of the world.”
First competition.
Assignment: From the list of famous works of architecture and art, select “Seven Wonders of the World.”
Neuschwanstein Castle in Schwangau, Germany
giant statues on Chilean Easter Island
Statue of Liberty in New York
Roman Coliseum
Eiffel Tower in Paris
Opera building in Sydney, Australia
pyramids of giza in egypt
Angkor temples in Cambodia
the great Wall of China
Athens Acropolis
pyramids Chichen Itza(Chichén Itza) in Mexico
Timbuktu to Mali
St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul
Taj Mahal in India
Nabatean ruins of Petra in Jordan
The Pyramid of Cheops.
Hanging Gardens Babylon
Temple of Artemis
Zeus statue in Olympia
mausoleum in Halicarnassus
The Colossus of Rhodes
Alexandrian lighthouse
Second competition.
Task: “Build” a wonder of the world (a mosaic set is given to each team). Speed is taken into account.
Third competition.
Students are required to have good knowledge cultural heritage ancient world.
The teams take turns answering the questions:
What are united under the name seven wonders of the world?
List the seven wonders of the world one by one.
Which of the wonders of the world has survived to this day?
Describe one of the wonders of the world.
Each team describes one of the proposed wonders of the world.
. The Pyramid of Cheops .
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Temple of Artemis
Zeus statue in Olympia
mausoleum in Halicarnassus
The Colossus of Rhodes
Alexandrian lighthouse
Fourth competition.
Assignment: Name as many concepts as possible related to the name of each wonder of the world. It is advisable to use only nouns. Teams answer verbally, one at a time.
For example: Pyramid-Cheops, treasures, stone slabs. Mausoleum-temple, staircase, columns, mausoleum, fris.
Fifth competition.
Assignment: Guess what wonder of the world we are talking about. Each team is given its own task. After each hint from the presenter, the number of points is reduced.
* Statement 1: (The Hanging Gardens of Babylon)
This wonder of the world was located in one of the oldest and most beautiful cities in the world.
Hints: 1. Scientists still do not know exactly in which part of the city IT was located.
2. IT is named after one queen, but was built for another.
3.Neither the fortress walls nor the 7-step tower of this city could compare with HIM in beauty.
4. To everyone who saw this miracle, it seemed as if IT was hanging in the air
*Statement 2: (Temple of Artemis)
This wonder of the world was built twice.
Hints: 1. In the place where IT was located, only a small swampy lake remained.
2. It was decorated with 127 marble columns.
3. IT was both a museum and a repository for the treasures of rich people of that time.
4. IT was located
*Statement 3 (Zeus Statue)
It seemed to everyone who looked at it that IT was alive.
Hints: 1. HIS image is on ancient coins.
2. Many plates of gold and ivory went into its decoration.
3. WITH HIM there was always a winged goddess - Nike.
4. IT depicted the supreme Greek god.
*Statement 4 (Pyramid of Cheops)
This miracle of the Ancient world aroused awe and fear in people.
Hints: 1. The highest of the wonders of the world.
2. This wonder of the world has a regular geometric shape.
3. IT has a complex system of labyrinths.
4. IT has survived to this day.
*Statement 5 (Mausoleum at Halicarnassus)
This is a wonder of the world - the temple of the king, grandiose and incredibly beautiful
Hints: 1. At the foot giant structure marble sculptures of horsemen and figures of sitting and lying lions stood as if alive.
2. The pyramidal roof of the temple was crowned with a quadriga.
3. One Roman poet called this temple “a monument to selfless love.”
4. The temple was built by Greek architects Satyr and Pytheas on the orders of the king and his wife.
* Statement b (Farossiysk lighthouse)
Thanks to this miracle of the world, many human lives were saved.
Hints: 1. From the name of the island where IT was located, the word “headlight” appeared in the Russian language.
2. At the top of this beautiful building there was a huge statue of Poseidon. IT had a complex system of mirrors.
3. IT was more beautiful during the day, but at night it was more necessary for all sailors arriving in Alexandria.
*Statement 7 (Colossus of Rhodes)
This giant statue towered at the entrance to the harbor Greek island
Hints: 1. The creation of the bronze giant lasted about 12 years.
2. This statue was visible from neighboring islands.
3. IT collapsed during an earthquake.
4. This giant statue of Helios on the island of Rhodes.
Summing up the results of each team's competition based on the number of points.
Final words from the teacher.
So our journey has ended, which allowed us to get acquainted with the “Seven Wonders of the World”. We visited a distant ancient world, which allowed us to come into contact with amazing creations of architecture and art. Thanks to the team captains and all competition participants for interesting material and active participation in this exciting journey.
1. Pyramid of Cheops .
Pyramid of Cheops - photo
Interesting Facts and characteristics:
Constructionpyramids lasted 20 years.
Construction began around 2560 BC.
The entrance is at an altitude of 15.63 meters.
The height of the pyramid is approximately 138.7 meters.
The length of the side face decreased by 5 meters over time (from 230.33 m to 225 m).
The average weight of 1 stone block that makes up the pyramid is 2.5 tons.
The heaviest stone block is 15 tons.
There are about 2.5 million stone blocks in total.
The total weight of the pyramid is approximately 6.25 million tons.
2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon .
Hanging Gardens of Babylon - drawing
:
The correct name for thiswonders of the world - Hanging Gardens of Amitis .
In factHanging Gardens of Babylon -Thispyramid of 4 tiers-platforms.
The tiers are supported by 25 meter columns.
The lower tier is an irregular quadrangle (one side is 42 meters, the other 34).
The pyramid looks like an ever-blooming hill, which was planted with rare trees and flowers.
3. Temple of Artemis in Ephesus .
As mentioned earlier, not one of wonders of the world, except the Pyramid of Cheops, has not reached our days intact. Eg Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, which was erected in the middle of the 6th century BC. e., was burned by Herostatus in 356 BC. e., it was later restored, and in the 3rd century it was destroyed by the Goths.
Distance learning on current topics and trends in the business environment!
Temple of Artemis in Ephesus - view of the ruins
Specifications temple:
The width of the temple was 51 meters.
Length 105 meters.
The height of the columns is 18 m.
There are 127 columns in total, which were arranged in 8 rows.
Each column was a gift from the king. 127 columns - 127 kings. (based on legend).
4. Statue of Zeus at Olympia .
Statue of Zeus at Olympia - miniature
Specifications:
The entire temple in which there wasZeus statue , was made entirely of marble (even the roof).
The temple took 10 years to build, but the statue of Zeus did not appear in it right away.
Phidias created the statue in his workshop, which was located 80 meters from the temple itself.
The workshop was built near the temple and was exactly the same size as the temple itself.
Phidias was very picky about the material, especially the ivory from which the body of Zeus was made.
This was a very expensive project by our standards: one day the temple received material that included both precious stones and 200 kg of pure gold. For reference, the cost of the gold alone that was required to create the statue was approximately $8 million.
About the statue of Zeus itself :
The following were made from gold: a cape covering part of Zeus’s body; Scepter with an eagle, which was in the left hand of Zeus; a statue of Nike - the goddess of victory, which Zeus held in his right hand; as well as a wreath on Zeus’s head.
Zeus's feet were placed on a stool, which was held by 2 lions.
There were 4 dancing Nikas on the legs of the throne.
Also depicted were centaurs, the exploits of Theseus and Hercules, frescoes (which depicted the battles of the Greeks with the Amazons).
Statue base: 6 meters wide, 1 meter high.
The height of the statue itself, including the pedestal, was, according to various sources, from 12 to 17 meters.
Zeus's eyes can be compared in size to an adult's fist.
5. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus .
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus - view of the ruins
Interesting facts about Mausoleum in Halicarnassus:
Construction of the Mausoleum began in 353. BC.
The construction site was managed by Mavsol’s wife, Artemisia.
Two very famous sculptors were involved in the construction: Leochara, Skopas.
The mausoleum stood for 19 centuries.
It was destroyed in the 13th century by an earthquake.
miniature copy of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
6. Colossus of Rhodes .
Colossus of Rhodes - drawing
About the Wonder of the World - the statue of the Sun God Helios :
The height of the statue is 36 meters.
The statue stood for only 65 years
In 222 BC The colossus was destroyed by an earthquake.
It was very difficult to grasp the thumb of the statue with both hands - a truly huge statue.
7. Alexandria Lighthouse .
Alexandria Lighthouse - architect's drawing
Built in the 3rd century BC. e. in the city of Alexandria.
The lighthouse was built for a completely ordinary purpose - to prevent ships from bumping into reefs. At night, the ships were helped by the reflection of flames, and during the day by a column of smoke.
The world's first lighthouse .
The Alexandria Lighthouse stood for almost 1000 years.
Like many wonders of the ancient world was destroyed by an earthquake.
Extracurricular activity
on the topic of:
"Seven Wonders of the World"
Prepared by the curator:
Kasimova Saniyat
Nurmagomedovna
TOPIC “Seven Wonders of the World”
Target:
Development of students’ aesthetic taste, expansiontheir ideas about the culture of the ancient world., to form an idea among students about the seven wonders of the world
Developing the ability to independently work with a document and analyze it
Developing the ability to work with a historical map, draw conclusions, formulate questions
Fostering respect for cultural monuments
Lesson equipment:
Multimedia projector, presentation.
Form: correspondence travel.
Preparatory work:
Select Interesting Facts, slides, pictures, etc., telling about the seven great wonders of the world.
Design the audience accordinglythat time style.
Contents of the class hour.
1st leading (classroom teacher)
The Seven Wonders of the World - this is what they call famous in ancient times architectural structures and statues. Millennia separate us from those distant times. Everything in the world has changed beyond recognition since then. People have created many things that ancient peoples could not even dream of. Unfortunately, only one of those beautiful creations of the human mind and skillful human hands has reached us - the Egyptian pyramids.
Slides with images of pyramids are displayed on the screen
2nd presenter
Philo named among the wonders of the world “the pyramids at Memphis”, most authors - the pyramids “in general”, some - the three pyramids in Giza, and the most picky consider only the wonders of the world big pyramid Cheops, which was often called the Bible in stone. At dawn, when its top is still buried in fog, the pyramid appears pinkish-peach, in those rare moments when the horizon is covered with clouds, it appears grayish-black, and in the cold light of the moon it resembles a snow-capped mountain peak.
A portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte is displayed on the screen.
1st presenter
In 1798, at the foot of the stone giants, a decisive battle took place between the French and the Mamluks. The French were commanded by a young general who dreamed of eclipsing the glory of the most famous commanders of all times and peoples. The grandeur of these tombs amazed him too. “Soldiers! “Forty centuries are looking at you from the heights of these pyramids,” Bonaparte said, addressing his army, and his words inspired the soldiers.
According to Napoleon's calculations, the stone blocks from the three pyramids at Giza would be enough to encircle the whole of France with a wall 3 meters high and 30 centimeters thick.
2nd presenter
90 kilometers from Baghdad are the ruins of Ancient Babylon. In the 7th century BC Babylon was the largest and richest city Ancient East. There were many amazing structures in Babylon, but the most striking were the Hanging Gardens royal palace- gardens that have become a legend. The Greeks revered them as one of the seven wonders of the world.
© A painting is shown showing the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
1st leading
However, the famous Hanging Gardens were not created by Semiramis, or even during her reign, but later by order of King Nebuchadnezzar. The Hanging Gardens were laid out in the north-eastern part of the palace on earthen terraces resting on vaults. The vaults were supported by powerful high columns located inside each floor. The platforms of the terraces were a complex structure - at their base lay massive stone slabs with a layer of reeds covered with asphalt. Then there was a double row of bricks connected with plaster, and even higher were lead plates to retain water. The terrace itself was covered with a thick layer of fertile soil in which roots could take root big trees. The floors of the gardens rose in ledges and were connected by wide, gentle staircases covered with pink and white stone. The height of the floors reached almost 28 meters and provided enough light for plants.
In carts drawn by oxen, trees wrapped in damp matting and seeds of rare herbs, flowers and bushes were brought to Babylon. And trees of the most amazing species and beautiful flowers bloomed in extraordinary gardens. Day and night, hundreds of slaves turned a lifting wheel with leather buckets, bringing water from the Euphrates to the gardens.
2nd leading
The temple of the Greek goddess Artemis in the city of Ephesus, in Asia Minor, was considered the third wonder of the world.
A slide with an image of the goddess Artemis is displayed on the screen.
The greatest ancient Greek masters depicted Artemis in marble, bronze and paint. Artemis was considered by the Greeks to be the ideal of female beauty: she was so beautiful that she did not need to participate in the famous competition between Athena, Aphrodite and Hera.
The famous architect Harsifron from Knossos was invited to draw up the design and construction of the temple. He proposed to build a marble temple surrounded by a double row of slender columns, but the matter was complicated by the fact that there was no marble nearby. However, as often happens, chance helped. One day the shepherd Pixodorus was tending his flock on the green hills near Ephesus. The two rams decided to sort things out and, bowing their heads, rushed towards each other, but missed. One of them hit the rock while running. So much so that a fragment of dazzling whiteness flew off from her. The puzzled shepherd picked up the stone, examined it carefully and suddenly, abandoning his flock, hurried to the city. In his hands was... a piece of marble. The jubilant townspeople welcomed the shepherd, dressed him in expensive clothes, and the hitherto unknown Pixodorus became famous.
The temple took almost 120 years to build and was completed around 550 BC.
The sanctuary was huge: about 55 meters long and 55 meters wide. Around it stood two rows of stone columns up to 18 meters high (according to Pliny the Elder, there were 127 of them). The gable roof was made not of tiles, as in ancient temples, but of marble slabs. At the corners of the roof were four giant marble bulls.
The inside of the temple was lined with marble slabs, and in the center of the main hall there was a statue of Artemis 15 meters high. The base of the statue was wooden, but on top it was completely covered with gold ornaments and jewelry.
The pediment of the temple, the top of which was 25 meters from the ground, was luxuriously decorated with a majestic sculptural composition made of marble.
We have received evidence of a competition to create a sculpture of a wounded Amazon. The inhabitants of Ephesus invited Phidias (the creator of the famous statue of Zeus in Olympia), Cresilaus (the creator of the sculpture of Pericles), and an Athenian sculptor to participate in it. Kradmon and Polyktetus from Argos, who won.
200 years later, Herostratus, a resident of Ephesus, set fire to the Temple of Artemis. So he wanted to immortalize his name in history. This happened on the night of the birth of Alexander the Great on July 21, 356 BC. By the decision of the meeting, “in which the entire Ephesian people participated,” the name of the person who committed this crime was to disappear forever from human memory. IN official lists he is referred to simply as “one madman,” but in the 4th century BC the ancient Greek historian Theopompus mentioned him, and the name of Herostratus has since become a household name.
1st presenter
In the south of Greece, in the temple there was a sculptural image of Zeus, the supreme god of the ancient Greeks, which was rightfully considered the fourth wonder of the world. When Phidias erected a statue of Zeus in the temple, amazed spectators began to ask: in whose image did he make it? Did he himself ascend Olympus to see Zeus, or did Zeus descend from Olympus to appear to him? To this the great sculptor replied that he depicted God according to Homer.
(A slide with a sculptured image of Zeus is displayed on the screen.)
Every visitor to the temple was first of all struck by the size of the statue. Alexandrian poet Callimachus(III century BC) claimed that the height of the statue was 37.5 feet, the throne itself was 30 feet, and the pedestal was 3 feet. Thus, the sculpture was approximately 12.5 meters high. To Strabo, even the temple seemed cramped for her: “She was so tall that, although the temple had considerable height, it still seemed that the artist, when creating her, had violated the proportions, for the seated Zeus almost touched the ceiling, and at first glance it was clear that that if he wanted to get up from the throne, he would blow the roof off.”
Zeus's robe and hair were made of gold, the naked parts of his body were made of ivory, and the throne was made of cedar, inlaid with ebony and precious stones. The base of the figure was carved from wood, but this was hidden from the eyes of visitors by ivory and gold. On the throne, Phidias reproduced many scenes from Hellenic mythology and figures completely real people. But most of all, everyone who saw the statue was admired by the perfection and skill with which Phidias created the figure and face of Zeus. The orator and philosopher Dion Chrysostom wrote about her: “If a person who has experienced many misfortunes and worries in his life, with a soul full of bitterness, appears before the statue of Zeus, then he will forget about everything difficult and terrible that human life brings with it.” Pliny, who collected evidence of all the works of art available to him, said about this statue: “There are many famous sculptures, but it surpasses all Zeus Olympian, created by Phidias from gold and ivory."
2nd presenter
In Asia Minor, in the capital of the small Carian state of Halicarnassus, there was the fifth wonder of the world - a magnificent tomb built for King Mausolus by his widow, Queen Artemisia, in the middle of the 4th century BC.
A painting depicting this architectural monument is shown.
The mausoleum surprised, first of all, with its architectural idea: for the first time in Greek architecture, it combined all three famous styles - Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. The basis of the entire structure was a huge marble pedestal. Contemporaries admired its size, the cost of construction, but above all the unsurpassed perfection of its decoration.
The pedestal had the shape of a rectangle. On it stood a tomb-temple surrounded by 36 Ionic columns supporting a roof in the shape of a 24-step pyramid. Rich sculptural decorations were placed between the columns and on the sides of the tomb. The top of the pyramid was crowned with a platform on which stood a sculptural group - Mausolus with Artemisia on a chariot drawn by four horses. The total height of the Mausoleum from the base to the top of the sculptural group was 46 meters.
1st presenter
INIII century BC, the Macedonian king Demetrius attacked the island of Rhodes. However, Demetrius failed to defeat the freedom-loving Rhodians. In memory of the successful defense of the island, they decided to erect the largest statue in the world. This is the sixth wonder of the world known as the Colossus of Rhodes.
An image of the statue is shown.
According to Philo, the Colossus was a male figure standing on a pedestal of white sparkling marble, to which, for stability, were attached his feet of such a size that they themselves were larger than many statues. Colossus held a torch in his outstretched hand. When the torch was lit, it served as a beacon day and night. However, there is also such a description of the statue: the powerful legs of the young man were slightly apart, the palm of his right hand was put to his eyes, in his left hand he held a blanket falling to the ground. Leaning back slightly, the young man peered into the distance. His head was decorated with a crown of rays diverging to the sides.
The statue stood for more than 50 years, until the earthquake of 225 BC. For almost a thousand years, a broken statue lay on the shore of the bay.
There's talk of restoration these days ancient miracle. According to one of the projects, the Colossus of Rhodes will be cast from aluminum, and a bar for tourists will be built in its hollow head.
2nd presenter
The well-known word “headlights” comes from the seventh wonder of the world. On the island of Pharos at the mouth of the Nile River, near the city of Alexandria, the largest lighthouse of antiquity was built around 280 BC.
@ An image of a lighthouse is shown.
This structure had a square-shaped base with sides of 180-190 meters. stood on it Grand Palace with four towers at the corners. From its center rose a massive quadrangular tower 70-80 meters high, which gradually narrowed, ending in battlements. On this tower stood another, narrower, but also quite high, which ended in a stone platform. On this site there were columns in a circle supporting a cone-shaped tower, which was crowned by an 8-meter-high statue of the patron of the seas, Poseidon. At the top of the third tower, a fire was lit in a voluminous bronze bowl, the reflection of which, thanks to a complex system of mirrors, was visible 100 miles away. A shaft ran through the entire lighthouse, around which a ramp and stairs rose in a spiral. Carts pulled by donkeys drove along a wide and sloping ramp to the top of the lighthouse. Fuel for the lighthouse was delivered through the mine.
High lighthouse served as an observation post. A complex system Reflectors were also used to view the sea, making it possible to detect enemy ships long before they appeared off the coast.
The Alexandria lighthouse stood for 1,500 years, helping Mediterranean sailors navigate. The lighthouse suffered from earthquakes and weathering of the stone, but during the times of the emperors Claudius and Nero it was restored. Its fire was extinguished forever during an earthquake in the 4th century AD. At the very beginning of the 14th century, it was dismantled into stones, and a medieval fortress was erected on the ruins of the lighthouse.
1st presenter
For centuries and millennia, the dreams and aspirations of humanity about eternal life, about the pursuit of divine perfection. Ancient stones of palaces, temples and cities tell us about great and tragic pages of history. Today we remembered seven beautiful creations of man. Most of them did not spare time, but saved their memory. And we are glad that our story today reminded you of well-known ones and opened new pages in the history and culture of the Earth.
So, we returned to our class. Please tell us: Where were you? What did you see? What did you learn? Let's sum it up.
What is called a wonder of the world?
Burial site of Egyptian pharaohs?(Pyramid.)
A structure built by the Babylonian king for his wife(Hanging Gardens of Babylon.)
What was unusual about the place chosen for the construction of the temple of the ancient Greek goddess Artemis?(It was a swamp.)
Who destroyed the Temple of Artemis?(Herostrati.)
Why the statue of Zeus, created by the famous ancient Greek sculptor Phidias, called Olympian Zeus?(This statue was in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia.)
Why, despite the fact that the statue of Olympian Zeus has not survived to this day, do we know what it looked like?(Since she was depicted on coins and in figurines found by archaeologists at the site of Ancient Olympia.)
Which modern buildings are associated with the name of the Halicarnassian king Mausolus?(Mausoleum.)
What was on top of the structure in which Mausolus was buried?(Statue of Mausolus and his wife Artemisia driving four horses harnessed to a chariot.)
The name of a modern car part is associated with the name of which island in the Mediterranean Sea?(Pharos Island.)
What other role did he perform? Faros lighthouse? (The role of a garrison fortress.)
What does the word "colossus" mean?(Large statue.)
Where and to whom was the statue of the sculptor Chares the Colossus of Rhodes erected?(This statue was erected in honor of the sun god Helios and was located in the square at the entrance to the harbor of the island of Rhodes in the Aegean Sea.)
Great, well done! But this list of wonders of the world is considered a classic, since it was created many years ago, during which time quite a few beautiful creations were created. And at the end of our lesson I bring to your attention a short film.
Reflection. "Close eyes".
I suggest you close your eyes and mentally answer three questions.
1. What new did I learn today?
2. What was especially educational?
3. How have I become smarter today compared to yesterday?
Let every day and every hour
Everything new will be obtained
May your mind be good
and the heart will be kind.
"Everyone has heard about Seven wonders of the world. Can you list them? If yes, then great. But, if you don’t know anything about the wonders of the world yet, don’t be upset, because today we’ll talk about them, and you have a lot of new and interesting things to learn,” - this is how the journey through the pages of history began for the children from school 290, which was prepared by and spent library psychologist Maria Kirina and librarian Polina Bukhaidze.
Today, January 26, the guys learned why they talk about seven miracles, and not about five or nine... After all, the number “seven” is considered sacred among many peoples. The ancient Greeks counted seven of the most beautiful and most grandiose monuments created by human hands, which amazed their contemporaries with their beauty, size and technique.
The Egyptian pyramids, the only ones of the Seven Wonders that have come down to us, have always been considered the greatest miracle. “Everything in the world is afraid of time, but time is afraid of the pyramids,” said the Arabs who conquered Egypt.
What do we know about Egyptian pyramids? The very first pyramid - Djoser - has a length of 129 m, a width of 107 m, and a height of 60 m. It was built almost 5 thousand years ago, when people did not yet know wheels and transported huge stone blocks on sleds. The Pyramid of Cheops consists of 2 million 300 thousand stone slabs, weighing from 2 to 30 tons. The pyramids took a long time to build, their construction began almost immediately after the pharaoh ascended the throne.
Today the children learned about the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, and about the Temple of Artemis of Ephesus, and about the Mausoleum in Halicarnassus, about the Colossus of Rhodes, the Pharos Lighthouse and the Statue of Zeus in Olympia.
And then the guys answered the quiz questions. Can you?
Burial site of Egyptian pharaohs?
A structure built by the Babylonian king for his wife?
What was unusual about the place chosen for the construction of the temple of the ancient Greek goddess Artemis?
Who destroyed the Temple of Artemis?
Why is the statue of Zeus, created by the famous ancient Greek sculptor Phidias, called Olympian Zeus?
Why, despite the fact that the statue of Olympian Zeus has not survived to this day, do we know what it looked like?
Which modern buildings are associated with the name of the Halicarnassian king Mausolus?
What was on top of the structure in which Mausolus was buried?
What other role did the Faros lighthouse serve?
What does the word "colossus" mean?
Didn't answer a question? Dont be upset.
From pyramids to skyscrapers: A brief encyclopedia of wonders created by nature and man / Transl. from English A.N. Paper. - M.: Sovremennik, 1998.-255 p.: ill.- (World of Knowledge).
One Hundred Great Wonders of the World/ Auto - comp. ON THE. Ionina. - M.: Veche, 2008.- 527 p.: ill. – (100 great).
In our library you will find these and other interesting books!
Come!
Technical support for the event was provided by library methodologist Tatyana Afanasyeva.
“Everything in the world is afraid of time,
But time is afraid of pyramids"
Arabic proverb
A huge period of time separates us from this era when the wonders of the world were created. Peoples came and went, entire civilizations arose and died... Ancient languages fell silent, writings were forgotten... And yet the memory of the disappeared cultures remained.
On July 19, an electronic intellectual and educational quiz was held in the Mezhgorye South-West library
"Seven Wonders of the World".
At the event, children of primary and secondary school age made a “journey to the seven wonders of the world”: the Egyptian pyramids, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Temple of Artemis, the statue of Zeus, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Pharos lighthouse. We learned about the history of the ancient seven wonders of the world, about their wonderful creators, and the purpose of each of them. Children could clearly see each wonder of the world in the presented presentation.
In Ancient Egypt, children learned about how and for whom the pyramids were built, in Babylon - about the wonderful gardens of Babylon, in Olympia - about the statue of Zeus, in Ephesus - about the Temple of Artemis, in Asia Minor - about the Mausoleum built in honor of the king Mausoleum, in Greece on Ross Island - about the statue of the Colossus of Rhodes and in Egypt - about the Pharos lighthouse, conceived by Alexander the Great himself.
The children happily answered the quiz questions. Having opened the door to a fascinating world of interesting and unknown things, they expressed a desire to learn more about the wonders of the world.
The librarians wished the children to visit the library and learn new and interesting things.
Summary of the club hour in the GPD, grades 3-4
You've probably heard more than once about the seven wonders of the world. Can you list them? If yes, then great. But, if you don’t yet know anything about the wonders of the world, don’t be upset, because today we’ll talk about them, and you have a lot of new and interesting things to learn. And first, let's think about why there are seven miracles, and not five or ten... The number “seven” is considered sacred among many peoples. The ancient Greeks counted seven of the most beautiful and grandiose monuments created by human hands, which amazed their contemporaries with their beauty, size and technique.
Listen carefully, remember, at the end of the lesson we will conduct a quiz “Seven Wonders of the World”.
1. Pyramids
(Demonstration of an illustration depicting an Egyptian pyramid.)
The Egyptian pyramids, the only one of the seven wonders that have come down to us, have always been considered the greatest miracle. “Everything in the world is afraid of time, but time is afraid of the pyramids,” said the Arabs who conquered Egypt. What do you know about the Egyptian pyramids? (Children's answers.)
The pyramids were of colossal height and took decades to build; thousands of people worked on the construction of these grandiose buildings. The pyramid was a symbol of the power of the pharaoh and his authority; it was honored as a deity. The pyramids served as tombs (burial places) of the pharaohs - rulers Ancient Egypt. Each of the huge pyramids bears the name of the pharaoh buried in it (for example, the pyramid of Cheops). Pyramids were built on west bank the Nile River, on the very border of the fertile river valley and the desert. Why here? Because the Egyptians considered the west a land of death: they thought that in the west the sun dies every evening, setting behind the horizon. Scientists are still arguing about how these huge structures were built. The very first pyramid - Djoser - has a length of 129 m, a width of 107 m, and a height of 60 m. It was built almost 5 thousand years ago, when people did not yet know wheels and transported huge stone blocks on sleds. The Pyramid of Cheops consists of 2 million 300 thousand stone slabs weighing from 2 to 30 tons. The pyramids took a long time to build, their construction began almost immediately after the pharaoh ascended the throne.
2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Another miracle was the Hanging Gardens of Babylon in the palace of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. The history of the creation of these gardens is interesting. When Nebuchadnezzar II took as his wife the beautiful Semiramis, the daughter of the king of the mountainous country of Media, Semiramis began to yearn for her homeland. After all, noisy and dusty Babylon was completely different from her beautiful homeland. Nebuchadnezzar loved his wife and decided to do everything to dispel her sadness. On his orders, thousands of prisoners captured in the recent war were herded into the city. They began to erect a four-story stone building next to the palace. On each floor they poured a layer of fertile soil and planted flowers and trees. The floors were connected to each other by stairs. A special water-lifting device was made to water the gardens. The entire structure was supported by powerful columns, and from a distance it seemed as if the beautiful gardens were hanging right in the air. That's why they were called the Hanging Gardens. But, unfortunately, this wonder of the world lasted only about two centuries. First, they stopped caring for the gardens, then powerful floods destroyed the foundation of the columns, and the entire structure collapsed. Thus one of the wonders of the world perished. Their only trace is a network of trenches near the capital of Iraq, in sections of which traces of dilapidated masonry are still visible.
3. Temple of Artemis of Ephesus
The most famous of the ancient Greek wonders is the gigantic temple of the goddess of hunting, Artemis. It was built in the 6th century. BC e. V trading city Ephesus on west coast Asia Minor. Unusual place was chosen for construction - a swamp. The fact is that in those days earthquakes were quite common, and the architect Hersifron decided that the soft, swampy soil would protect the temple from destruction. And to prevent the swamp from swallowing up the huge building, the pit under it was filled with a mixture of wool and charcoal. The temple amazed with its splendor and enormous size. It was a rectangular building made of stone and wood, the roof of which was supported by two rows of columns, and there were 127 of them in total. The fate of the Temple of Artemis was sad. He died in the fire. It was set on fire by Herostratus, who wanted to become famous at any cost. A new one was built on the site of the burnt temple. But it was subsequently destroyed, and its remains were swallowed up by the swamp.
4. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
About 1800 years ago, another great monument- the tomb of King Mausolus (hence the word “mausoleum”) in Halicarnassus. In those distant times, many peoples had the custom of burning their dead. The body of King Mavsol was burned, and the ashes were placed in a special vessel - a funeral urn. We do not know whether his wife Artemisia wanted to perpetuate the memory of her husband and ordered the construction of a magnificent tomb, or mausoleum, which began to be built during the lifetime of the king, who himself took care of how and where he would be buried.
One way or another, the mausoleum was built of brick and lined with white marble inside and out. Its height reached 60 m (the height of a modern 20-story building). The building had an unusual shape: the first floor was a cube 20 m high, where the urn with the ashes of Mausolus rested. On the second floor, in a vault surrounded by a magnificent colonnade, sacrifices took place. And the construction was crowned with a multi-stage pyramid with a statue of Mausolus and Artemisia. The king and his wife were depicted driving a quadriga - four horses harnessed to a chariot.
In 1522, the mausoleum was dismantled by the crusaders, who strengthened their fortress with its slabs. It was within the walls of the fortress and surrounding houses that reliefs from the tomb, statues of Mausolus and his wife Artemisia, were discovered in 1857.
5. Colossus of Rhodes
Off the coast of Asia Minor in the Aegean Sea there is the island of Rhodes. In 304 BC. e. the inhabitants of the island decided to erect a statue of the sun god Helios, their patron, in honor of the victory over the enemy.
The sculptor Hares and his assistants worked for 12 years, and finally an amazing picture was revealed to the inhabitants of the island. On the square at the entrance to the harbor stood a gigantic, about 35 m tall, figure of the Sun God. She was so huge that not every person would have been able to clasp a finger on the giant’s hand. The statue of the god towered over Rhodes and was visible to those sailing from the neighboring islands. The fame of the Colossus of Rhodes, and the word “colossus” means “large statue,” quickly spread throughout the Mediterranean. Travelers from different countries. However, 50 years after the creation of the statue, an earthquake occurred. The legs of the statue broke and it fell to the ground, breaking into many pieces.
Parts of the bronze figure of the Sun God lay in the ground for centuries. Later, one of the rulers of those places sold the surviving parts of the statue, which were transported from the country on nine hundred camels. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was melted down, and, as many historians believed, nothing remained of this wonder of the world. However, more recently, submarine archaeologists discovered the right hand of Helios at the bottom of the harbor.
6. Faros Lighthouse
Everyone is familiar with the word “headlight” - a powerful car lamp equipped with a light reflector. But not everyone knows that this word comes from the name of the island of Pharos in the Mediterranean Sea. A lighthouse was built on this island, the light of which was visible at a distance of 60 km. The height of the Faros, or Alexandria, lighthouse, since it was located near Alexandria of Egypt, was 135 m. A fire was constantly burning in the upper part of the lighthouse. Fuel for the fire was carried to the top along a gentle spiral staircase on donkeys. Probably, the lighthouse used devices to enhance the light (metal mirrors or lenses made of transparent polished stone). The lighthouse was also a fortress in case of siege. A large garrison could fit within its walls, and inside the tower there was a reservoir with drinking water. There were no such buildings in any harbor in the world, so the lighthouse on the island of Pharos was called one of the wonders of the world.
The lighthouse was destroyed almost to the ground by a strong earthquake in May 1100. Its debris fell into the sea. Currently, only the base of the lighthouse, built into the medieval fortress, has been preserved.
7. Temple of Zeus
The favorite spectacle of the ancient Greeks was Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia in southern Greece and were dedicated to the supreme Greek god Zeus. The main shrine of Olympia was the Temple of Zeus, built in 456 BC. e. The temple housed a statue of Zeus sitting on a throne. This statue was created by the famous sculptor Phidias. The height of the statue reached 17 m. The figure of Zeus was made of wood, and parts from other materials were attached to this base using bronze and iron nails and special hooks. The face, hands and other parts of the body were made of ivory. Ivory was not chosen by chance, because it is quite close in color to human skin. The hair, beard, cloak and sandals were made of gold, and the eyes were made of precious stones. Zeus, as if alive, sat on the throne. This work of Phidias was considered the embodiment of beauty. Subsequently, the statue of Zeus was transported from Olympia to Constantinople (now the Turkish city of Istanbul), but there was a fire there. All that remained of the magnificent Olympian Zeus were a few charred bone plates and pieces of molten gold.
Our contemporaries know what this work of art looked like from small figurines and images on coins found by archaeologists.
And now a quiz on the topic “Seven Wonders of the World”.
1. Burial place of Egyptian pharaohs. (Pyramid.)
2. A structure built by the Babylonian king for his wife. (Hanging Gardens of Babylon.)
3. What was unusual about the place chosen for the construction of the temple of the ancient Greek goddess Artemis? (It was a swamp.)
4. Who destroyed the Temple of Artemis? (Herostrat.)
5. Why is the statue of Zeus, created by the famous ancient Greek sculptor Phidias, called Olympian Zeus? (This statue was in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia.)
6. Why, despite the fact that the statue of Olympian Zeus has not survived to this day, do we know what it looked like? (Since she was depicted on coins and in figurines found by archaeologists at the site of ancient Olympia.)
7. Which modern buildings are associated with the name of the Halicarnassian king Mausolus? (Mausoleums.)
8. What was on top of the structure in which Mausolus was buried? (Statue of Mausolus and his wife Artemisia driving four horses harnessed to a chariot.)
9. The name of a part of a modern car is associated with the name of which island in the Mediterranean Sea? (Pharos Islands.)
10. What other role did the Faros lighthouse serve? (The role of a garrison fortress.)
11.What does the word “colossus” mean? (Large statue.)
12. Where did the statue of the sculptor Chares of the Colossus of Rhodes stand and in whose honor was it built? (This statue was erected in honor of the sun god Helios and was located in the square at the entrance to the harbor of the island of Rhodes in the Aegean Sea.)
Summarizing
Winner's reward ceremony.