The most famous ancient Greek sculptor. "Holy Roman Empire". Sculpture of Greece from the archaic era

There are many historical facts relating to Greek Statues (which we will not go into in depth in this collection). However, you don't need to have a degree in history to admire the incredible craftsmanship of these magnificent sculptures. Truly timeless works of art, these 25 most legendary Greek statues are masterpieces of varying proportions.

Let's share your contributions to the history of sculpture in three stages: Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic. There's a lot more history than this entire article, but we'll just focus on the highlights. Possibly inspired by Egypt and Mesopotamia, these figures were carved from stone. The most common themes were naked young girls, draped girls in fabric and seated women. Although crude in terms of accuracy compared to later works, even these figures show a greater understanding of anatomy than other eras at this point in history.

Athlete from Fano

Known by the Italian name The Athlete of Fano, Victorious Youth is a Greek bronze sculpture that was found in the Fano Sea on the Adriatic coast of Italy. The Fano Athlete was built between 300 and 100 BC and is currently among the collections of the J. Paul Getty Museum in California. Historians believe that the statue was once part of a group of sculptures of victorious athletes at Olympia and Delphi. Italy still wants the sculpture back and disputes its removal from Italy.

Poseidon from Cape Artemision
An ancient Greek sculpture that was found and restored near the sea of Cape Artemision. The bronze Artemision is believed to represent either Zeus or Poseidon. There is still debate about this sculpture because its missing lightning strikes rule out the possibility that it is Zeus, while its missing trident also rules out the possibility that it is Poseidon. Sculpture has always been associated with the ancient sculptors Myron and Onatas.

As in other cultures, much of the work involves religious figures. Once their gods had a human form, the sculptures could focus on large body details, without the idea of focusing on humanity and conflicting ideas about worship as a theme of art. This attitude will be seen in other cultures and is not really what you will see in Ancient Greece.

This period is often seen as revolutionary for the recruitment of Greek sculptors. Anatomical proportions were correct, bodies were smooth and realistic, although idealized. It's a great transition from the human style to: "Is this the bronze man?"

Zeus statue in Olympia
The statue of Zeus at Olympia is a 13-meter statue, with a giant figure sitting on a throne. This sculpture was created by a Greek sculptor named Phidias and is currently located in the Temple of Zeus in Olympia, Greece. The statue is made of ivory and wood and depicts the Greek god Zeus seated on a cedar throne decorated with gold, ebony and other precious stones.

During this period, embossed sculptures decorated the outer walls of temples, although many of these objects were lost and only fragments remain. Another interesting development is the customization of funerary sculptures. Greeks used to be stiff and generic during the archaic period, but now they depict real people, usually sick people and families.

These are changes that, by focusing on realism, show how humanistic the classical period would become. This is also what we see reflected in Ancient Greek culture, government and more when you look at the whole scene. As in the previous period, sculpture became even more naturalistic during this period.

Athena Parthenon
Athena of the Parthenon is a giant gold and ivory statue of the Greek goddess Athena, discovered at the Parthenon in Athens. Made from silver, ivory and gold, it was created by the famous ancient Greek sculptor Phidias and is considered today as the most famous cult symbol of Athens. The sculpture was destroyed by a fire that took place in 165 BC, but was restored and placed in the Parthenon in the 5th century.

Popular with everyday items such as folklore, animals, among others. Artemisio's hard kick is a great example: the horse is in motion and the child on its back leans forward. It's like it's frozen in time rather than like a sculpture. Everything from the horse's muscles, like the tousled hair of a child, is in the movement of the statue, preserved forever in bronze.

During this period, one of the most famous sculptures was created - Venus Milo. This period also saw the creation of the Colossus of Rode, a massive 98-foot tall statue, among many other works. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by an earthquake in 226 BC.

Lady from Auxerre
The 75 cm Lady of Auxerre is a Cretan sculpture currently housed in the Louvre in Paris. She depicts the archaic Greek goddess during the 6th century, Persephone. A curator from the Louvre named Maxime Collignon found the mini-statue in the vault of the Auxerre Museum in 1907. Historians believe that the sculpture was created during the 7th century during the Greek transition period.

Although the Greeks did not invent the use of coins for tangible origin, they definitely stepped up their game in their use, influencing coin designs for the rest of history. Metal discs with important busts or profile gods on one side and additional information or design on the other - when you look at your coins, there is no difference between them and the currencies many countries use today.

Where would Capitol buildings around the world be without the influence of Greek architecture? In a state without glorious columns, that's where they will be! When discussing Greek architecture, we usually start in the classical period and beyond. Before this, many structures were made of clay bricks and were lost over time. There is a lot of talk about Greek buildings, but once we focus on art, we will discuss columns as it has become a decorative item in modern times.

Antinous Mondragon
The 0.95 meter tall marble statue depicts the god Antinous among a massive group of cult statues built to worship Antinous as a Greek god. When the sculpture was found in Frascati during the 17th century, it was identified because of its striped eyebrows, serious expression, and downward gaze. This creation was purchased in 1807 for Napoleon and is currently on display in the Louvre.

There are three types of architecture that were used in Ancient Greece: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. Doric columns were generally wider and shorter than the other two styles. Unlike others, they did not have a base, being flat against the temple floor. The capital was quite simple.

Ionic columns were those that had a capital in the form of parchment. This is what you imagine when the idea of Greek columns comes to mind. Finally, Corinthian columns are the most extravagant of all, highlighting all kinds of flora, foliage and even small figures in their capitals. This style was also used in Rome and brought other influences into Roman architecture.

Apollo of Strangford
An ancient Greek sculpture made of marble, the Strangford Apollo was built between 500 and 490 BC and was created in honor of the Greek god Apollo. It was discovered on the island of Anafi and named after the diplomat Percy Smith, 6th Viscount Strangford and the real owner of the statue. Apollo is currently housed in Room 15 of the British Museum.

Some common forms of painting in ancient Greece were panels and wall paintings. The painted panels were made on wooden platforms in encaustic or tempered paint. As in the technique above, a number of the paintings were figurative, although almost none have survived into the modern era. The paintings on the walls were mostly frescoes, the paintings were fresh, in wet plaster.

Descriptions of the panels and their creators are observed in the literature of the time. A set of panels, the Pica panels, have survived, showing the artistic skill of the Archaic period. The panels were wooden planks painted with plaster with mineral pigments. According to historians, these tablets were donations. Like the entire spectrum of art throughout history, we have an example of art created for worship.

Kroisos from Anavysos
Discovered in Attica, Kroisos of Anavysos is a marble kouros that once served as a funerary statue for Kroisos, a young and noble Greek warrior. The statue is famous for its archaic smile. 1.95 meters tall, Kroisos is a free-standing sculpture that was built between 540 and 515 BC and is currently on display at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. The inscription under the statue reads: “Stop and mourn at the tomb of Kroisos, who was killed by the furious Ares when he was in the front ranks.”

Frescoes were used to decorate buildings and tombs. As discussed above, since many buildings have not survived the weather, many murals have not. Those who survived were in tombs such as the Diver's Tomb. Greek sculpture: archaeological discoveries, scientific achievements, methodological orientations.

This text is the result of sending questions to participants and exchanging emails. The use of the term "sculpture" in the questions oriented responses to marble and bronze works, and the expression "Greek plastic", more general but little used in French and English - contrary to the word plastic in German - may have led to greater remarks about the contribution of the discoveries and research on terracotta sculptures and figurines. Bronze research will undoubtedly see other developments in the coming years.

Biton and Kleobis
Created by the Greek sculptor Polymidis, Biton and Kleobis are a pair of archaic Greek statues created by the Argives in 580 BC to worship two brothers related by Solon in a legend called the Histories. The statue is now in the Archaeological Museum of Delphi, Greece. Originally built in Argos, Peloponnese, a pair of statues were found at Delphi with inscriptions on the base identifying them as Kleobis and Biton.

New perspectives are also provided around the destination and reception of the works, particularly in relation to the understanding and appropriation of Greek portraits by the Romans, which bring into play the connections between sculpture and social and religious history. The social significance of funerary reliefs continues to be reflected, as does the concept of a religious statue of worship: Gabriele Nika's book on the Athena Parthenos at the Acropolis in particular revived the debate. These examples show the weight of the Athenian model in this type of research: the task of the next few years will no doubt try to mitigate it.

Hermes with baby Dionysus
Created in honor of the Greek god Hermes, Praxiteles' Hermes represents Hermes carrying another popular character in Greek mythology, the infant Dionysus. The statue was made from Parian marble. According to historians, it was built by the ancient Greeks during 330 BC. It is known today as one of the most original masterpieces of the great Greek sculptor Praxiteles and is currently housed in the Archaeological Museum of Olympia, Greece.

Finally, the relationship between Greek sculpture and "peripheral" civilizations is sometimes seen in the aspect of Near Eastern and Egyptian models, in the shadow of the book "Black Athena" - a book whose consequences were limited in France - which were sought to emphasize the African inheritance, especially the Egyptian one, from which the Greek civilization obliged, sometimes under the marble sculptures of the Phoenician and Punic world. German-speaking researchers have been particularly productive in the latter area, be it the so-called anthropoid sarcophagi, most of which are carved in Paros marble, or the assemblage found at the Etchmun sanctuary, near Sidon.

Alexander the Great
A statue of Alexander the Great was discovered in the Palace of Pella in Greece. Coated and made of marble, the statue was built in 280 BC to honor Alexander the Great, a popular Greek hero who rose to fame across several parts of the world and led battles against the Persian armies, especially at Granisus, Issuai and Gagamela. The statue of Alexander the Great is now on display among the Greek art collections of the Archaeological Museum of Pella in Greece.

However, the most mysterious work remains almost thirty years after its discovery. A large male statue found in Mosium, a Punic city in Eastern Sicily, whose exact date is difficult to establish and whose meaning has generated dozens of articles, without a truly satisfactory solution. Syntheses taking into account new discoveries and scientific orientations will undoubtedly be born in France and abroad over the next decade.

Antoine Hermary. What are the areas in which the archaeological discoveries of the last fifteen to twenty years have brought the greatest significance to Greek sculpture: chronology, regional styles, artist attributes, others? Reinhard Senff. In addition, new technologies have made it possible to renew the scientific study of the works, thereby creating a large amount of data that fundamentally changes the traditional view of Greek sculpture. One of the most impressive recent discoveries in the field of continental Greek sculpture was made by the German Archaeological Institute during excavations carried out at the Athens Dipylon, the main entrance to the city from the west.

Kora in Peplos
Restored from the Acropolis of Athens, the Kore at Peplos is a stylized image of the Greek goddess Athena. Historians believe that the statue was created to serve as a votive offering during ancient times. Made during the Archaic period of Greek art history, Kora is characterized by the rigid and formal pose of Athena, her majestic curls and archaic smile. The statue originally appeared in a variety of colors, but only traces of its original colors can be observed today.

It was here that the sacred way of Eleusis entered the city, and the procession of the Great Panatheneans was held every four years. The decoration of most of the tombs from the Archaic period was brutally destroyed during the Persian conquest of the city of Athens in 480 BC. After the Persians left, democracy became the political regime in Athens; there was then no reason to restore monuments given to aristocrats. Thus, a large number of mutilated sculptures were used as building material for the new wall.

The lion habit, sphinx and kouros, typical features of a funerary context, were exhumed close to what may have been their original location in the cemetery. It is very similar to a group of Attic sculptures, including a whole statue, the so-called "New York" kouros, as well as a marble head and hand of great refinement, discovered during previous excavations carried out in the same sector. Long-term research projects, one of which is carried out by the Universities of Munich and Bochum in Germany, concern polychrome ancient Greek sculpture and architecture.

Ephebe from Antikythera
Made of fine bronze, the Ephebe of Antikythera is a statue of a young man, god or hero, holding a spherical object in his right hand. A work of Peloponnesian bronze sculpture, this statue was recovered from a shipwreck near the island of Antikythera. It is believed to be one of the works of the famous sculptor Efranor. The ephebe is currently on display at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens.

Their most astounding results were presented to the public for the first time in loud gods in a color exhibition in various European capitals and the United States. The introduction of new technologies such as scanning electron microscopy and non-destructive fluorescence photography reveals traces of paint invisible to the naked eye on carved surfaces. Microscopic analysis and processing of samples allows the identification of pigments used in ancient times. The results significantly change our understanding of ancient stone carving.

Delphic Charioteer
Better known as Heniokos, the Charioteer of Delphi is one of the most popular statues that survived ancient Greece. This life-size bronze statue depicts a chariot driver that was restored in 1896 at the Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi. Here it was originally erected during the 4th century to commemorate the victory of a chariot team in ancient sports. Originally part of a massive group of sculptures, the Delphic Charioteer is now displayed in the Archaeological Museum of Delphi.

Of course, it has long been recognized that the terracotta of the Hellenistic period, like the famous Tanagra, was originally covered with bright colors, but the modern eye, conditioned by its distorted perception of white marble sculpture, is usually shocked by the appearance of archaic korai or classical and Hellenistic statues with bright and colorful draperies , colored eyes and hair and realistically treated skin. So much detail was often done just by using color on the surface of the stone! These new results show how fragmented our knowledge of ancient sculpture has been.

Harmodius and Aristogeiton
Harmodius and Aristogeiton were created after the establishment of democracy in Greece. Created by the Greek sculptor Antenor, the statues were made of bronze. These were the first statues in Greece to be paid for with public funds. The purpose of the creation was to honor both men, whom the ancient Athenians accepted as outstanding symbols of democracy. The original installation site was Kerameikos in 509 AD, along with other heroes of Greece.

Aphrodite of Knidos
Known as one of the most popular statues created by the ancient Greek sculptor Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos was the first life-size representation of a naked Aphrodite. Praxiteles built the statue after he was commissioned by Cos to create a statue depicting the beautiful goddess Aphrodite. In addition to its status as a cult image, the masterpiece has become a landmark in Greece. Its original copy did not survive the massive fire that once took place in Ancient Greece, but its replica is currently on display in the British Museum.

Winged Victory of Samothrace
Created in 200 BC. The Winged Victory of Samothrace, depicting the Greek goddess Nike, is considered today as the greatest masterpiece of Hellenistic sculpture. It is currently displayed in the Louvre among the most famous original statues in the world. It was created between 200 and 190 BC, not to honor the Greek goddess Nike, but in honor of a naval battle. Winged Victory was established by the Macedonian general Demetrius, after his naval victory in Cyprus.

Statue of Leonidas I at Thermopylae
The statue of Spartan King Leonidas I at Thermopylae was erected in 1955, in memory of the heroic King Leonidas, who distinguished himself during the Battle of the Persians in 480 BC. A sign was placed under the statue that reads: “Come and Take It.” This is what Leonidas said when King Xerxes and his army asked them to lay down their weapons.

Wounded Achilles
The wounded Achilles is a depiction of the hero of the Iliad named Achilles. This ancient Greek masterpiece conveys his agony before death, being wounded by a fatal arrow. Made from alabaster stone, the original statue is currently housed in the Achilleion residence of Queen Elizabeth of Austria in Kofu, Greece.

Dying Gaul
Also known as the Death of Galatian, or the Dying Gladiator, the Dying Gaul is an ancient Hellenistic sculpture that was created between 230 BC. and 220 BC for Attalus I of Pergamon to celebrate his group's victory over the Gauls in Anatolia. It is believed that the statue was created by Epigonus, a sculptor of the Attalid dynasty. The statue depicts a dying Celtic warrior lying on his fallen shield next to his sword.

Laocoon and his sons
The statue currently located in the Vatican Museum in Rome, Laocoon and his Sons, is also known as the Laocoon Group and was originally created by three great Greek sculptors from the island of Rhodes, Agesender, Polydorus and Atenodoros. This life-size statue is made of marble and depicts a Trojan priest named Laocoon, along with his sons Timbraeus and Antiphantes, strangled by sea serpents.

The Colossus of Rhodes
A statue depicting the Greek Titan named Helios, the Colossus of Rhodes was first erected in the city of Rhodes between 292 and 280 BC. Recognized today as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the statue was built to celebrate the victory of Rhodes over the ruler of Cyprus during the 2nd century. Known as one of the tallest statues of Ancient Greece, the original statue was destroyed by an earthquake that struck Rhodes in 226 BC.

Discus thrower
Built by one of the best sculptors of Ancient Greece during the 5th century - Myron, the Discobolus was a statue originally placed at the entrance to the Panathinaikon Stadium in Athens, Greece, where the first event of the Olympic Games was held. The original statue, made of alabaster stone, did not survive the destruction of Greece and was never restored.

Diadumen
Found off the island of Tilos, Diadumen is an ancient Greek sculpture that was created during the 5th century. The original statue, which was restored in Tilos, is currently part of the collections of the National Archaeological Museum in Athens.

Trojan horse
Made of marble and coated with a special bronze plating, the Trojan Horse is an Ancient Greek sculpture that was built between 470 BC and 460 BC to represent the Trojan Horse in Homer's Iliad. The original masterpiece survived the devastation of Ancient Greece and is currently housed in the Archaeological Museum of Olympia, Greece.

Ancient Greece was one of the greatest states in the world. During its existence and on its territory, the foundations of European art were laid. The surviving cultural monuments of that period testify to the highest achievements of the Greeks in the field of architecture, philosophical thought, poetry and, of course, sculpture. Few originals have survived: time does not spare even the most unique creations. We know largely about the skill for which the ancient sculptors of Ancient Greece were famous thanks to written sources and later Roman copies. However, this information is enough to understand the significance of the contribution of the Peloponnese inhabitants to

Periods

The sculptors of Ancient Greece were not always great creators. The era of the heyday of their skill was preceded by the archaic period (VII-VI centuries BC). The sculptures that have come down to us from that time are distinguished by their symmetry and static nature. They do not have that vitality and hidden internal movement that makes the statues look like frozen people. All the beauty of these early works is expressed through the face. It is no longer as static as the body: a smile radiates a feeling of joy and serenity, giving a special sound to the entire sculpture.

After the completion of the archaic period, the most fruitful time follows, in which the ancient sculptors of Ancient Greece created their most famous works. It is divided into several periods:

early classic - beginning of the 5th century. BC e.;
high classic - 5th century BC e.;
late classic - 4th century. BC e.;
Hellenism - end of the 4th century. BC e. - I century n. e.

Transition time

Early Classics is the period when the sculptors of Ancient Greece began to move away from static body position and look for new ways to express their ideas. Proportions are filled with natural beauty, poses become more dynamic, and faces become expressive.

The sculptor of Ancient Greece Myron created precisely during this period. In written sources, he is characterized as a master of conveying the anatomically correct structure of the body, capable of capturing reality with high accuracy. Myron's contemporaries also pointed out his shortcomings: in their opinion, the sculptor did not know how to impart beauty and liveliness to the faces of his creations.

The master's statues embody heroes, gods and animals. However, the sculptor of Ancient Greece Myron gave greatest preference to the depiction of athletes during their achievements in competitions. The famous “Discobolus” is his creation. The sculpture has not survived to this day in the original, but there are several copies of it. “Disco thrower” depicts an athlete preparing to launch his projectile. The athlete's body is superbly executed: tense muscles indicate the heaviness of the disc, the twisted body resembles a spring ready to unfold. It seems like just a second and the athlete will throw the projectile.

The statues “Athena” and “Marsyas” are also considered to be superbly executed by Myron, which have also come down to us only in the form of later copies.

Heyday

Outstanding sculptors of Ancient Greece worked throughout the entire period of high classics. At this time, the masters of creating reliefs and statues comprehend both the methods of conveying movement and the basics of harmony and proportions. High classics is the period of formation of those foundations of Greek sculpture, which later became the standard for many generations of masters, including the creators of the Renaissance.

At this time, the sculptor of Ancient Greece Polykleitos and the brilliant Phidias worked. Both of them made people admire themselves during their lifetime and were not forgotten for centuries.

Peace and Harmony

Polykleitos worked in the second half of the 5th century. BC e. He is known as a master of creating sculptures depicting athletes at rest. Unlike Miron’s “Disco Thrower,” his athletes are not tense, but relaxed, but at the same time the viewer has no doubt about their power and capabilities.

Polykleitos was the first to use a special body position: his heroes often rested on a pedestal with only one leg. This pose created a feeling of natural relaxation characteristic of a resting person.

Canon

The most famous sculpture of Polykleitos is considered to be “Doriphoros”, or “Spearman”. The work is also called the master's canon, since it embodies some of the principles of Pythagoreanism and is an example of a special way of posing a figure, contrapposto. The composition is based on the principle of cross-uneven movement of the body: the left side (the hand holding the spear and the leg set back) is relaxed, but at the same time in motion, in contrast to the tense and static right (the supporting leg and the arm straightened along the body).

Polykleitos later used a similar technique in many of his works. Its basic principles are set out in a treatise on aesthetics that has not reached us, written by the sculptor and called “Canon”. Polykleitos devoted a fairly large place in it to the principle, which he also successfully applied in his works, when this principle did not contradict the natural parameters of the body.

Recognized genius

All the ancient sculptors of Ancient Greece during the high classical period left behind admirable creations. However, the most outstanding among them was Phidias, rightfully considered the founder of European art. Unfortunately, the majority of the master’s works have survived to this day only as copies or descriptions on the pages of treatises by ancient authors.

Phidias worked on decorating the Athenian Parthenon. Today, an idea of the sculptor’s skill can be gathered from the preserved marble relief, 1.6 m long. It depicts numerous pilgrims heading to the rest of the decorations of the Parthenon were lost. The same fate befell the statue of Athena, installed here and created by Phidias. The goddess, made of ivory and gold, symbolized the city itself, its power and greatness.

Wonder of the world

Other outstanding sculptors of Ancient Greece may have been little inferior to Phidias, but none of them could boast of creating a wonder of the world. Olympic was made by a master for the city where the famous Games took place. The height of the Thunderer, seated on a golden throne, was amazing (14 meters). Despite such power, the god did not look formidable: Phidias created a calm, majestic and solemn Zeus, somewhat strict, but at the same time kind. Before its death, the statue attracted many pilgrims seeking solace for nine centuries.

Late classic

With the end of the 5th century. BC e. The sculptors of Ancient Greece did not dry out. The names Scopas, Praxiteles and Lysippos are known to everyone who is interested in ancient art. They worked in the next period, called the late classics. The works of these masters develop and complement the achievements of the previous era. Each in their own way, they transform the sculpture, enriching it with new subjects, ways of working with material and options for conveying emotions.

Boiling passions

Skopas can be called an innovator for several reasons. The great sculptors of Ancient Greece who preceded him preferred to use bronze as a material. Skopas created his creations mainly from marble. Instead of the traditional calm and harmony that filled his works in Ancient Greece, the master chose expression. His creations are full of passions and emotions, they are more like real people than imperturbable gods.

The frieze of the mausoleum at Halicarnassus is considered the most famous work of Skopas. It depicts Amazonomachy - the struggle of the heroes of Greek myths with the warlike Amazons. The main features of the style inherent in the master are clearly visible in the surviving fragments of this creation.

Smoothness

Another sculptor of this period, Praxiteles, is considered the best Greek master in terms of conveying the grace of the body and inner spirituality. One of his outstanding works - Aphrodite of Knidos - was recognized by the master's contemporaries as the best creation ever created. The marble statue of the goddess became the first monumental depiction of the naked female body. The original has not reached us.

The features of the style characteristic of Praxiteles are fully visible in the statue of Hermes. With the special posing of the naked body, the smoothness of the lines and the softness of the halftones of the marble, the master was able to create a somewhat dreamy mood that literally envelops the sculpture.

Attention to detail

At the end of the late classical era, another famous Greek sculptor, Lysippos, worked. His creations were distinguished by special naturalism, careful elaboration of details, and some elongation of proportions. Lysippos strove to create statues full of grace and elegance. He honed his skills by studying the canon of Polykleitos. Contemporaries noted that the works of Lysippos, unlike Doryphoros, gave the impression of being more compact and balanced. According to legend, the master was the favorite creator of Alexander the Great.

Eastern influence

A new stage in the development of sculpture begins at the end of the 4th century. BC e. The border between the two periods is considered to be the time of the conquests of Alexander the Great. With them, the era of Hellenism actually begins, which was a combination of the art of Ancient Greece and eastern countries.

The sculptures of this period are based on the achievements of masters of previous centuries. Hellenistic art gave the world such works as the Venus de Milo. At the same time, the famous reliefs of the Pergamon Altar appeared. In some works of late Hellenism, there is a noticeable appeal to everyday subjects and details. This time had a strong influence on the development of the art of the Roman Empire.

Finally

The importance of antiquity as a source of spiritual and aesthetic ideals cannot be overestimated. Ancient sculptors in Ancient Greece laid not only the foundations of their own craft, but also the standards for understanding the beauty of the human body. They were able to solve the problem of depicting movement by changing the pose and shifting the center of gravity. The ancient sculptors of Ancient Greece learned to convey emotions and experiences with the help of processed stone, to create not just statues, but practically living figures, ready to move at any moment, sigh, smile. All these achievements will form the basis for the flourishing of culture during the Renaissance.