History of Kostan. Sights of Kostanay. Story. Kostanay - fertile land

Geographical encyclopedia

Modern encyclopedia

- (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk) a city in Kazakhstan, the center of the Kustanai region, on the river. Tobol. Railway junction. 233.9 thousand inhabitants (1991). Food, light industry. Khimvolokno software. Metalworking. 2 universities. Drama Theater. Museum of Local Lore... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Exist., number of synonyms: 2 city (2765) Nikolaevsk (3) ASIS dictionary of synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

City in Turgai region, in 919 century. from Orenburg, on the Tobol River. K. grew up with amazing speed, following the American example. The extraordinary fertility of the steppe soil surrounding him, the non-stop growth of trade and industry allow him now... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Kustanay- (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk), city, regional center in Kazakhstan, on the Tobol River. 233.9 thousand inhabitants. Railway junction. Food (flour, meat, etc.), chemical (fiber), metalworking industries. 2 universities. 3 museums (including... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk), a city in Kazakhstan, the center of the Kustanai region, on the river. Tobol. Railway junction. 232.1 thousand inhabitants (1995). Food, light industry. PA "Khimvolokno" Metalworking. 2 universities. Drama Theater. Local history... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (in 1893 95 Nikolaevsk) city, center of the Kustanai region of the Kazakh SSR. Located on the left bank of the river. Tobol. Knot w. d. lines to Chelyabinsk, Tobol, Tselinnye Sands. 134 thousand inhabitants (1972; in 1939 34 thousand inhabitants). Founded 1883; rights… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

City, c. Kustanay region Kazakh. USSR (since 1936), female. d. node; located on the river Tobol. As of 1 Jan. 1964 108 t. (in 1897 14.3 tons, in 1923 21 tons, in 1939 33.5 tons, in 1959 86 tons). Basic in 1879, received city rights in 1893. In 1912, 13 K. was... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

Kustanay- city, c. Kostanay region, Kazakhstan. Founded in 1883 Russian. and Ukrainian migrants to the Kustanay tract (Kazakh Kostanay). The etymology is not established; Perhaps the name is associated with some division of the Kazakhs, a kind of thana who once lived in... ... Toponymic dictionary

City Administration Kostanayskaya Akim Kairat Akhmetov History and geography Based 1879 Former names until 1895 - Nikolaevsk
until 1997 - Kustanay
City with 1893 Square 240 km² Center height 156 m Climate type sharply continental Timezone UTC+6 Population Population 243,031 people (2019) Nationalities Russians (42.81%)
Kazakhs (40.20%)
Ukrainians (6.96%)
Germans (2.26%)
Tatars (1.94%)
Belarusians (1.23%)
Koreans (1.16%) Katoykonim Kostanay people Digital IDs Telephone code +7 7142 Postcode 110000 Vehicle code 10 (formerly P, W) KATO code 391010000 kostanay.kostanay.gov.kz

Kostanay(Kaz. Kostanay; from 1893 to 1895 Nikolaevsk, until June 17, 1997 Kustanay) - in , administrative center.

Name

Modern formal Russian name cities - . Until June 17, 1997, the city was called in Russian Kustanay, named after the tract on which the city is located on the banks of the Tobol River. Original title - Nikolaevsk.

In many cities of Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine in honor of the settlement under it former name(Kustanay) there is Kustanai street.

Geography

The city is located in the steppe zone in the north of the Turgai plateau, in the southwestern part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Tobol River, 571 km northwest of Nur-Sultan (along the highway 704 km). The nearest million-plus city is Russian, located 260 km (along the highway more than 300 km) northwest of Kostanay.

Administrative division

The urban agglomeration of Kostanay for 2019 includes the following settlements:

  • The village of Zatobolsk.
  • The village of Zarechnoye.
  • The village of Michurinskoye.
  • The village of Udarnik.

As of 2016, the following settlements are included in the territory of the city of Kostanay:

  • Kostanay city.
  • Narrow Track.
  • The village of Amangeldy (formerly Red Partisan).
  • The village of Druzhba.
  • The village of Kunai.

Timezone

The longitude of Kostanay corresponds to UTC+04:14:32. Until 2004, maternity time (UTC+5) was in effect in Kostanay with an annual change of clocks to summer time. After the reform of time zones in 2004, the Kostanay region switched to Astana time, which corresponds to the UTC+6 time zone according to the international time standard. Time in Kostanay is 2 hours ahead of geographic standard time (average noon in Kostanay occurs at 13:45).

Annual attempts local residents to return the Kostanay region to its historical time (transfer the time 1 hour back to the UTC+5 time zone) from year to year is met with opposition from officials of the akimat of the Kostanay region. There is an opinion that officials are deliberately delaying the solution to this problem due to the fact that if the time is returned to the UTC+5 time zone, the work schedule of officials will be shifted to 08:00 - 17:00 (09:00 - 18:00 Astana time ).

Climate

Sharply continental, with hot, dry summers and cold winters with little snow. Average temperature in July: +20.9 °C, January: −14.5 °C; characterized by sharp temperature changes during the day; average wind speed - 3.2 m/s, mostly south direction- in winter, and north direction - in summer. Average annual precipitation: 300-350 mm, maximum precipitation occurs in the summer. Average annual air humidity is 71%. The growing season is about 170 days.

Climate Kostanay
Index Jan. Feb. March Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year
Absolute maximum, °C 3,2 3,5 16,6 30,6 38,6 41,0 42,5 39,9 36,3 28,6 14,3 6,8 42,5
Average maximum, °C −10,1 −9,1 −2 11,3 20,6 26,7 27,1 25,4 19 10,2 −1,5 −8,1 9,1
Average temperature, °C −14,5 −14 −7,3 5,4 13,8 19,9 20,9 18,8 12,5 4,8 −5,5 −12,3 3,5
Average minimum, °C −18,9 −18,6 −12 0,2 7,5 13,5 15,2 13,1 7,1 0,5 −9,1 −16,5 −1,5
Absolute minimum, °C −45,8 −47,8 −37,3 −24 −9,5 −2,1 2,9 −0,4 −8,7 −25,6 −37,3 −44,5 −47,8
Precipitation rate, mm 19 15 15 25 35 35 54 35 25 29 25 24 336
Source: Weather and Climate

Story

The development of the Kazakh steppes by Russian settlers began in the last quarter of the 19th century. The area where it is included modern city Kostanay, was named Nikolaevsky district, and its center of administration was the village of Nikolaevskaya. The district was part of the Turgai region Russian Empire.

The administration of the county was carried out outside the territories of the county itself, thereby causing inconvenience.

Therefore, it was planned to found a new economic center, with which all the main threads of trade and economic routes would be connected, in order to include this area in economic relations with Western Siberia, the Urals and Central Russia.

In October 1864, the head of the district A. Sipailov wrote a letter to Orenburg, proposing to build a city on the site of the Urdabai tract. A. Sipailov was one of the first to make a proposal for the location of the future city. In his letter, he described the tract as follows:

The Urdabay tract, located near the Tobol River, was eventually chosen as the place to build the city, but soon after the military governor of the Turgai region A. Konstantinovich inspected the area, the place turned out to be unsuitable. And in the end, it was decided to build a city on the site of the Kustanai tract, which was located 8 miles downstream of the Tobol River. The city was given the name Nikolaevsk.

Construction of the city of Nikolaevsk began in 1879 by order of the Orenburg Governor-General N. Kryzhanovsky. Initially, the population of Nikolaevsky district consisted of indigenous residents (that is, Kazakhs), they lived in 8 volosts, namely in Arakaragai, Dzhitygarinsk, Dambarskaya, Amankaragaiskaya, Mendykarinskaya, Saroyskaya, Chubarskaya and Suundukskaya volosts. But in connection with the construction of a new settlement, immigrants from the European part of the Russian Empire began to arrive in 1880. Agricultural, cattle breeding and horse breeding development of this region began. Initially, the city had only enterprises for processing agricultural raw materials and small tanneries and oil mills. In 1895, Nikolaevsky district was renamed Kustanai district, and the city itself acquired a new name Kustanai, after the name of the tract of the same name.

In 1912-1913, the Kostanay railway line was built and the Kostanay railway station was opened. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city was a large trade fair center in the Kazakh steppes. Swiss citizen Loretz built the largest Southern Urals and on the territory of what is now Kazakhstan, a beer production plant (still in operation), which was bottled in specially produced branded bottles, which was a rarity at that time. In 1942-1946, the Stalingrad Flight School was evacuated in the city, in 1946 it was relocated to.

In the 1950s, the population of the city and region increased significantly due to the development of virgin lands. From the post-war period to the present day, huge harvests of grain crops continue to be harvested in the Kostanay region. At the eastern entrance to the city, from the side of the Tobol River, an inscription with five-meter figures similar to this one was installed: “385 thousand tons of grain,” where the number of tons was updated every week.

On June 17, 1997, by Decree of the President of Kazakhstan, the transcription of the name of the city of Kostanay in Russian was changed to the city of Kostanay, and the Kustanay region - to Kostanay region.

Population

Until 1992, the city had a population of 234 thousand. Together with the right-bank suburbs (Zatobolsk, Zarechny, Michurinsk), the population of the urban agglomeration was about 350 thousand people.

Population of Kostanay
1897 1959 1970 1979 1989 1991 1999 2004 2005
14 275 ↗ 86 382 ↗ 123 517 ↗ 164 500 ↗ 224 598 ↗ 233 900 ↘ 221 429 ↘ 204 243 ↗ 205 968
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
↗ 207 802 ↗ 208 262 ↗ 209 336 ↗ 214 961 ↗ 215 211 ↗ 215 575 ↗ 216 390 ↗ 219 224 ↗ 221 943
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
↗ 226 397 ↗ 231 906 ↗ 235 303 ↗ 239 652 ↗ 243 031
  • Russians - 104,034 people. (42.81%)
  • Kazakhs - 97,689 people. (40.20%)
  • Ukrainians - 16,908 people. (6.96%)
  • Germans - 5486 people. (2.26%)
  • Tatars - 4707 people. (1.94%)
  • Belarusians - 2990 people. (1.23%)
  • Koreans - 2817 people. (1.16%)
  • Azerbaijanis - 1359 people. (0.56%)
  • Armenians - 745 people. (0.31%)
  • Bashkirs - 697 people. (0.29%)
  • Chechens - 533 people. (0.22%)
  • Poles - 426 people. (0.18%)
  • Ingush - 387 people. (0.16%)
  • Moldovans - 385 people. (0.16%)
  • others - 3868 people. (1.59%)

Total - 243,031 people. (100.00%)

Transport

Meeting the Soyuz TMA-06M crew at Kostanay airport

international Airport. Flights are operated by Air Astana, SCAT, Bek Air, Irtysh Air, as well as Belavia (Belarus), Hamburg International Luftverk (Germany), Aeroflot (Russia). By air you can get to Nur-Sultan, Almaty, in the summer.

Train Station Kostanay station. Transportation is carried out to Nur-Sultan, Almaty, Chelyabinsk. Also ply commuter trains to Novoishimskaya, Zhitikara, Troitsk. The large railway station Tobol is located 90 km from the city.

Bus station. Transportation is carried out on a large number of regional, national and international lines.

Business

The total number of registered individual entrepreneurs as of July 1, 2018 is 24,663, of which 23,885 are active. The total number of registered business entities (legal entities) is 8,533 units. The number of notaries is 95, lawyers and legal consultations are 201 and 40, respectively.

Industry

There are 367 operating industrial enterprises and 653 enterprises with foreign participation in the city. There are 5 enterprises producing ethyl alcohol and alcoholic products: Firm Arasan LLP; Vavaria LLP, Apis LLP, IP Zhandarbekov B. A., IP Kireev D. P. The total number of subsoil users, including those involved in development and production - 57. Number of enterprises engaged in the production of building materials: 72. Volume of gross agricultural output , forestry and fisheries for January-June 2018 - 677.2 million tenge. The gross output of livestock products for January-June 2018 was 540.8 million tenge. The volume of manufacturing products for 2009 amounted to 57.4 billion tenge, in total:

  • production of food products, including drinks - 41.2 billion tenge, the Bayan Sulu confectionery factory provides 11.5% of the regional production volume of the food industry, Kostanay Flour Mill JSC;
  • mechanical engineering - 9.9 billion tenge, CF JSC "AgromashHolding" (Kostanay Diesel Plant), LLP "Agrotekhmash"; Dormash LLP;
  • light industry - 2.3 billion tenge, Kostanay Spinning and Knitting Factory LLP, Kostanay Felted Footwear Factory LLP, Bolshevichka clothing factory.

Former enterprises

Until 2010, the Kostanay chemical fiber plant operated. The Kostanay worsted and cloth factory was closed in 1998.

Culture and education

Theaters

  • Kostanay Regional Kazakh Drama Theater named after. Omarova
  • Regional Russian Drama Theater
  • Kostanay regional puppet theater

Educational establishments

  • Kostanay State University named after. A. Baytursynova
  • Kostanay branch of Chelyabinsk State University.
  • Kostanay State Pedagogical University
  • Kostanay Humanitarian Institute
  • Kostanay Socio-Technical University named after. Academician Z. Aldamzhar
  • Kostanay Engineering and Economic University named after. M. Dulatova
  • Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Shrakbek Kabylbayev
  • Kostanay Socio-Technical College
  • Kostanay College of Automobile Transport
  • Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Physics and Mathematics
  • Boarding school for gifted children named after I. Altynsarin
  • Kostanay Medical College
  • Kostanay Pedagogical College
  • Kostanay Polytechnic College
  • Kostanay Construction College
  • Kostanay Humanitarian College
  • Kostanay Economic College of Kazpotrebsouz
  • Kostanay Industrial Pedagogical College
  • Kostanay College of Social Education
  • Kostanay TOEFL Testing Center
  • Kostanay educational center NotaBene

Libraries

  • Kostanay Regional Universal Library named after. L. N. Tolstoy
  • Kostanay Regional Library for Children and Youth named after. I. Altynsarina
  • Kostanay branch of the Republican Scientific and Technical Library
  • Kostanay City Library named after. N. Ostrovsky.

Attractions

There are 173 monuments of historical and cultural significance in the city. Of these, 3 are of republican significance, 48 of local significance, 25 obelisks and busts and 97 memorial plaques.

  • Monument to "Steelmaker"
  • Monument to the Computer Keyboard
  • Monument to a student with a laptop
  • Sculpture “Girl with a Cell Phone” “Verunchik”
  • Sculpture “Young Lady with an Umbrella”
  • Monument to Charlie Chaplin
  • Pervotselinniki Square with the sculptural ensemble of the same name
  • A. Baitursynov Square with a monument to A. Baitursynov
  • Bust of I. Altynsarin
  • House of the merchant A. P. Lorenz
  • "Carriage Lisakovskaya"
  • French cultural center
  • Victory Park:
    • Memorial to the victims of the Great Patriotic War
    • Monument to V.I. Lenin (Ulyanov)
    • Monument to victims of repression;
    • Monument to the victims of local conflicts
    • Monument to victims of radiation disasters
  • Bust of twice Hero of the Soviet Union I. F. Pavlov
  • Bust of twice Hero of the Soviet Union L. I. Beda
  • “Execution wall” at which Kolchak’s soldiers shot Red Army soldiers
  • Altynsarin Museum
  • Monument to Amangeldy Imanov
  • Monument to Lavrenty Ignatievich Taran
  • Monument to A. S. Pushkin

mass media

TV channels broadcast in Kostanay: “Kazakhstan-Kostanay”, “First Channel Eurasia”, “Channel 31”, “KTK”, “NTK”, “Kazakhstan”, “Khabar”, “Astana TV”, “Channel 7”, “Alau” " Radio stations “Avtoradio”, “DALA FM”, “Tengri-FM”, “Radio NS”, “Retro FM”, “Russian Radio”, “Alau” and radio “KN”. Cable companies “Alma TV”, “Kostanay Cable Networks” and “Valenta” operate. The newspapers “Kostanay News”, “Our Newspaper”, “Kostanayagro” and others are published. Advertising publications are represented by the newspapers “Your Chance” and the free newspaper “Novoe Vremya”.

Religion

Representatives of different religious movements coexist peacefully in Kostanay. The main religions in the city are Orthodoxy and Islam (Sunnism); a synagogue was also built in the city in 2009, and there is also a Catholic church.

Parks, squares and alleys

Victory Park in Kostanay

Parks

There are 4 relatively large parks in the city:

  • City Park
  • Central Park
  • Park of the 25th Anniversary of Independence of Kazakhstan
  • Victory Park

Alleys and squares

  • Alley of Deputies
  • Business Alley
  • Civil Service Alley
  • Alley NK Kazakhstan Temir Zholy
  • Lisakovska Alley
  • Alley TOO Ayat-1
  • Rudnenskaya Alley
  • Alley Altynsarinsky district
  • Alley in memory of those killed in the Winter Cherry shopping center
  • Square of the Akimat of Kostanay
  • Square named after A. I. Paradovich
  • Square named after And. Altynsarina

Heads of the city

Akimat of Kostanay region

First Secretaries of the City Party Committee

Chairmen of the City Executive Committee

Akims

  1. Kornev, Vasily Evseevich (May 1988 - May 1998)
  2. Kulenko, Oleg Ivanovich (1998-1999)
  3. Ashim, Nurgali Saduakasovich (February 1999 - July 2000)
  4. Lenivtsev, Viktor Nikolaevich (June 2000 - April 2004)
  5. Saduakasov, Nuraly Mustafinovich (April 2004 - June 2006)
  6. Nurgaliev, Zhenis Mirasovich (June 2006 - January 2008)
  7. Nurmukhambetov, Gauez Torsanovich (January 2008 - February 2009)
  8. Nurgaliev, Zhomart Mirasovich (February 2009 - February 2012)
  9. Nurmukhambetov, Gauez Torsanovich (February 2012 - June 2014)
  10. Akhmetzhanov, Akhmedbek Masakbaevich (June 18, 2014 - September 10, 2015)
  11. Zhakupov, Bazyl Shamukhanovich (from September 23, 2015 - February 1, 2019)
  12. Akhmetov, Kairat Zhumashovich (from February 1, 2019)

Sport

School stadium in Kostanay, microdistrict 8

Sports clubs and athletes of the city:

  • Football club "Tobol". Champion of Kazakhstan 2010. Winner of the 2007 Kazakhstan Cup. Winner of the 2007 Intertoto Cup. (the only club in the CIS countries)
  • Basketball club "Tobol".
  • Sports club "Alga".
  • Professional sports club "Vershina"
  • Chess club named after. A. G. Ufimtseva

Twin Cities

  • Kirklees, since 1989.

In art

  • The city is mentioned in the penultimate paragraph of the story by A. and B. Strugatsky “Six Matches”, in the book by A. I. Solzhenitsyn “The Gulag Archipelago” part five, chapter eight.
  • In the novel “Cimmerian Summer” by Yuri Slepukhin, the Kustanai region is mentioned.
  • In the film “Parade of Planets,” the hero Alexei Zharkov pronounces the response “Kustanay” in response to the password.
  • In the film “The Seven Brides of Corporal Zbruev”, in the episode where soldiers on a train play cities, one of the heroes gets the right to name a city starting with the letter K, and he calls it “Kustanay”.
  • In Alexey Uchitel’s film “Space as a Premonition” the city of Kostanay is mentioned.

Notes

  1. Akimat and akim of the city (undefined) . Official Internet resource of the Kostanay city akimat. Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  2. Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan by gender by regions, cities, districts and regional centers and villages at the beginning of 2019 (undefined)
  3. Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan by individual ethnic groups at the beginning of 2019 (undefined) . Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  4. List of postal codes of settlements in Kostanay region
  5. KATO base (undefined) . Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  6. Kazakhstan // World Atlas / comp. and preparation to ed. PKO "Cartography" in 2009; Ch. ed. G. V. Pozdnyak. - M.: PKO "Cartography": Onyx, 2010. - P. 110-111. - ISBN 978-5-85120-295-7 (Cartography). - ISBN 978-5-488-02609-4 (Onyx).
  7. Calculation of distances between cities (undefined) . Transport company "KSV 911". Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  8. KOSTANAY.net: The arrows froze
  9. Galina Ksenzhik. Settlements of the Kustanay district of the late 19th–early 20th centuries
  10. “Portal history of Kazakhstan” History of the formation of Kustanai district
  11. Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated June 17, 1997 No. 3550 “On changes in the administrative-territorial structure of Aktobe, West Kazakhstan, Kzyl-Orda and Kustanay regions.”
  12. City & town of Kazakhstan (English). pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  13. Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan by individual ethnic groups at the beginning of 2016 (undefined) . Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  14. Total population (undefined) . Region passport. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
  15. Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan by gender by regions, cities, districts and regional centers and villages at the beginning of 2019 (undefined) . Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  16. City passport (Russian). kostanay.kostanay.gov.kz
  17. Plant "Khimvolokno" (Kostanay) History and report - Reports - Kazakhstan (English), Iznanka.kz. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  18. NG: “I couldn’t do anything alone” (undefined)
  19. Kostanay State University named after. A. Baytursynova (undefined) (unavailable link). Retrieved November 16, 2006. Archived April 18, 2007.
  20. Kostanay Socio-Technical University named after. Academician Z. Aldamzhar
  21. Kostanay Engineering and Pedagogical University named after. M. Dulatova
  22. Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan (undefined) (unavailable link). Retrieved October 6, 2018. Archived August 1, 2015.
  23. Kostanay College of Automobile Transport
  24. Kostanay Pedagogical College (undefined) (unavailable link). Retrieved November 16, 2006. Archived October 22, 2006.
  25. Kostanay Polytechnic College (undefined) (unavailable link). Retrieved October 6, 2018. Archived January 27, 2017.
  26. Kostanay Construction College
  27. Kostanay Regional Universal Library named after. L. N. Tolstoy (undefined) (unavailable link). Retrieved March 6, 2012. Archived September 15, 2012.
  28. Kostanay Regional Library for Children and Youth named after. Ibraya Altynsarina
  29. Kostanay branch of the Republican Scientific and Technical Library (undefined) (unavailable link). Retrieved October 6, 2018. Archived September 9, 2012.
  30. An alley of deputies (Russian) appeared in Kostanay. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  31. admin. "Business Alley" appeared in Kostanay | ALAU-TV (Russian) , ALAU-TV(May 30, 2016). Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  32. A civil service alley will appear in Kostanay (Russian), Information agency "TobolInfo". Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  33. Kostanay regional portal. NG: In Kostanay, activists planted 73 trees in memory of those killed in Kemerovo: Society, In Kostanay, activists planted 73 trees in memory of those killed in Kemerovo (undefined) . www.ng.kz. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  34. http://maslihat.kostregion.gov.kz/ndex.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=17&lang=ru
  35. Vasily KORNEV: “I am one of the “gigantomaniacs” - KN
  36. - Newspaper “Our Kostanay”
  37. Nurgaliev Zhenis Mirasovich (personal certificate) - PARAGRAPH-WWW
  38. Education
  39. New akim of Kostanay appointed
  40. http://blog.kostanay.gov.kz/messages/1/8329/

Literature

  • Kustanay // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.

Links

  • History of the creation of the city of Kostanay
  • Historical and local history website about Kostanay and Kostanay region
  • Galina Ksenzhik. Settlements of the Kustanay district of the late 19th–early 20th centuries
  • “Portal history of Kazakhstan” History of the formation of Kustanai district

In the tract of the Tobol River there is beautiful city Kostanay. This administrative center dates back to the end of the 19th century. Kostanay, whose sights embodied the synthesis of the spirit of past eras and the achievements of modern times, is one of the attractive tourist centers. Therefore, it is important for a traveler to know which places to visit in Kostanay.

Kostanay (until 1895 - Nikolaevsk) arose as shopping mall and an agricultural processing center. It was the most important point on the route from Asia to Russia. Caravan routes passed through the city of Kostanay, and crafts flourished. The fairs held in the city were famous throughout the Urals.

The prosperity of the city was reflected in its architecture and religious buildings, which made up the cultural attractions of Kostanay. If you want to get an impression of a special direction in the architecture of the 19th century - the so-called red Siberian style - then walk through the center of the regional center. Here you will see two-story buildings that do not have blank walls. They are distinguished by figured brickwork, the presence of fake windows, original turrets and cornices.

Therefore, if you are looking for where to go in Kostanay, then start your acquaintance with the city from such historically significant places as:

  • Passage of the merchant Yaushev, or the Regional Museum of History and Local Lore.

This is one of the oldest buildings in the city of Kostanay. In city planning documents of 1903, this building is described as a commercial building, built like a passage with many galleries. Its architecture is a typical embodiment of Art Nouveau.

After the emigration of the owner's family, the building served its intended purpose for some time. During the Second World War, it housed exhibits of the Moscow historical museum. IN Peaceful time This building houses the local history museum. There is an excellent collection of weapons and photographic documentation here.

  • Regional art gallery and art school.

This museum is located near Yaushev's house. It is also located in an architectural monument of the 19th century. The gallery has three large halls, which house works by famous artists of Kostanay. Here you can see paintings by Nikolai Torshin and Sergei Lugovoy, creations by Svetlana Shalunova and Bayan Batalova.

Not only is there a permanent exhibition of portraits, still lifes and landscapes, but there are also personal exhibitions of contemporary painting. In the art salon of the gallery you can order or purchase a painting.

On central square city ​​there is an ancient building - a men's gymnasium. Take time for this architectural masterpiece. It is a vivid embodiment of the unique modern style of the early twentieth century.

  • Kostanay Cathedral Mosque, or Maral Ishan Mosque.

Its construction is connected with the same merchant Yaushev. The mosque was built in 1893. Most Abdulvali Akhmetzhanovich Yaushev gave money for its construction, partly from residents of the Tatar settlement.

This is a beautiful snow-white building with three minarets. For some time it was used as concert hall, and now it is a functioning religious building.

  • Cathedral of Constantine and Helena.

This is a relatively new building (construction lasted until 2005). The building looks majestic and magnificent. It has a particularly blissful atmosphere. Here are original icons with particles of the relics of St. Nicholas of Alma-Ata, St. Blessed Matrona of Moscow. There is a myrrh-streaming cross.

  • Memorial Museum and Monument to Ibrai Altynsarin.

Ibray Altynsarin is a prominent teacher who opened in Kostanay in the mid-1880s. school. He is known for being actively involved in the education of the Kazakh people, opening secular educational institutions: vocational schools, schools for girls.

In the cultural and historical part of the city there is a regional museum in memory of the enlightener. Not far from it there is a monument and a boarding school for gifted children. Memorial Complex- reconstruction of the school created by the great teacher. The museum's collection contains more than 11 thousand exhibits that tell about the formation of the public education system in the region, the history of the life and work of I. Altynsarin.

  • Monument to B. Mailin

The monument to one of the founders of Kazakh literature is located near station square. The 2 m high bust of the playwright is lined with marble. Of particular interest is the figured carving that decorates the pedestal.

  • Monument to Kazybek bi.

Lined with white marble, the monument depicts the famous Kazakh judge. Kazybek bi Keldybekuly, according to folk tales, is one of the judges who revised and finalized the Code of Laws of Tauke Khan.

During the time of Abylay, he realized his abilities as a diplomat and leader, organized uprisings against the Dzungars, and took part in the release of Abylay Khan from captivity.

  • Monument to Akhmet Baitursynov.

The monument is located near Central Park, near the university. Akhmet Baitursynov - a famous Turkologist, linguist, literary critic - belongs to the generation of the repressed intelligentsia of Kazakhstan. He was shot in 1937.

  • Monuments of the Soviet era.

This is a separate page in the history of Kostanay and the region, embodied in monuments. The monument “Conquerors of Virgin Land”, “Steam Locomotive” - a memorial sign dedicated to the first Komsomol members who arrived from Ukraine to develop virgin land will remind you of the time of development of virgin lands.

Visit the memorial dedicated to those who died during World War II. It is located in Victory Park. Here you can also see the Open Air Museum of Military Equipment.

  • Water park "Octopus" and "Ice Palace".

This great places for pastime. Here you can have fun and usefully spend time, entertain children and relax.

  • Theaters of Kostanay.

Kostanay is a cultural center. Theatergoers will be happy to visit the Regional Russian Drama Theater or the Regional Kazakh Drama Theater named after Omarov; children will enjoy puppet theater performances.

  • Parks and park areas.

The opening of the park “25th Anniversary of Independence of Kazakhstan” took place in the summer of 2017. Now this is a new recreation center in Kostanay. Come here to admire the beauty of the Tobol River and fountains, and look at the evening lighting that makes this place beautiful.

We recommend enjoying the natural beauties of Kostanay - taking a walk through the parks: the city park of culture and recreation, the Yunnaty park, Youth Boulevard. By the way, not far from central park there is a clock tower - one of the city's attractions.

  • Necropolis "Bestamak".

Those who are interested in history and archeology are advised to visit the Bestamak necropolis. To see the excavations, you will have to drive 190 km from Kostanay towards the Ubagan River, the right tributary of the Tobol River. Near its source, in the northern part of the Turgai trough, there is a necropolis. Discoveries made by archaeologists at this site show that people lived here from the Stone Age until the Middle Ages.

Kostanay - interesting city, in which several centuries came together - last century with its merchant traditions and elaborate style in architecture and new original buildings made of glass and concrete. Visit Kostanay museums. They will tell you a lot about this region, its history and culture. Enjoy nature, protected areas and entertainment centers!

Flag of Kostanay

Coat of arms of Kostanay
A country Kazakhstan
Status regional center
Region Kostanayskaya
Vehicle code P
Official site http://www.kostanay.gov.kz/ (Russian)
Based 1879
Population 212,617 people (2010)
Telephone code +7 7142
National composition Russians (50.00%) Kazakhs (28.63%) Ukrainians (10.00%) Germans (2.78%) Tatars (2.06%) Belarusians (1.78%)
Timezone UTC+6
City with 1893
Climate type sharply continental
Altitude|Altitude 123-185 m
Akim Nurgaliev Zhomart Mirasovich
Coordinates Coordinates: 53°12′00″ N. w. 63°38′00″ E. d. / 53.2° n. w. 63.633333° E. d. (G) (O) (I)53°12′00″ n. w. 63°38′00″ E. d. / 53.2° n. w. 63.633333° E. d. (G) (O) (I)
Square 240 km²
Former names Nikolaevsk, Kostanay
Postcode 110000

Kostanay (Kazakhstanay; until 1997 Kostanay) is a city in Kazakhstan, the administrative center of the Kostanay region.

Name

The modern official Russian name of the city is Kostanay. Until 1997, the city was called Kustanai in Russian, after the tract on which the city was located near the bank of the Tobol River. The original name was Nikolaevsk. In Moscow, Volgograd, Penza, Rostov, Samara, Khabarovsk, Chelyabinsk, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Kiev, Krivoy Rog, Makeevka, Nikopol, Odessa, Perevalsk, Sevastopol, Kharkov there is Kustanayskaya Street. Spelling with "U".

Attractions

  • French cultural center
  • Monument to a student with a laptop
  • Bust of I. Altynsarin
  • House of the merchant Loretz
  • Pervotseliniki Square with the sculptural ensemble of the same name
  • Monument to A. S. Pushkin
  • A. Baitursynov Square with a monument to A. Baitursynov
  • Sculpture “Girl with a Cell Phone”
  • Monument to Charlie Chaplin
  • Monument to the Computer Keyboard
  • Monument to Amangeldy Imanov
  • Orthodox Church 1893
  • Sculpture “Young Lady with an Umbrella”
  • Monument to L. Taran
  • Victory Park:
    • Memorial to the victims of the Great Patriotic War
    • Monument to V.I. Lenin (Ulyanov)
    • Monument to victims of repression;
    • Monument to the victims of local conflicts
    • Bust of Twice Hero of the Soviet Union I. F. Pavlov
  • Altynsarin Museum
  • Monument to victims of radiation disasters
  • "Carriage Lisakovskaya"
  • “Execution wall” at which Kolchak’s soldiers shot Red Army soldiers
  • Monument to victims of repression;

Population

Until 1992, the city had a population of 274 thousand. Together with the right-bank suburbs (Zatobolsk, Zarechny, Michurinsk), the population of the urban agglomeration was about 350 thousand people.

  • Kazakhs - 59,655 people. (28.63%)
  • Belarusians - 3,794 people. (1.78%)
  • Chechens - 595 people. (0.28%)
  • Poles - 481 people. (0.23%)
  • Koreans - 2,914 people. (1.37%)
  • Bashkirs - 545 people. (0.26%)
  • Mordovians - 433 people. (0.20%)
  • Ukrainians - 21,272 people. (10.00%)
  • Tatars - 4,380 people. (2.06%)
  • Total - 212,617 people. (100.00%)
  • Armenians - 699 people. (0.33%)
  • Germans - 5,919 people. (2.78%)
  • others - 2,947 people. (1.39%)
  • Ingush - 440 people. (0.21%)
  • Azerbaijanis - 1001 people. (0.47%)
  • Russians - 107,542 people. (50.00%)

Geography

The city is located in the steppe zone, in the north of the Turgai plateau on the Tobol River, 570 km northwest of Astana (along the highway 770 km). The nearest million-plus city is Russian Chelyabinsk, located 260 km (more than 300 km by road) northwest of Kostanay.

Libraries

  • Kostanay City Library named after. N. Ostrovsky.
  • Kostanay Regional Library for Children and Youth named after. Ibraya Altynsarina and others.
  • Kostanay Regional Universal Library named after. L. N. Tolstoy

Education

  • Kostanay Humanitarian College
  • Kostanay branch of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Chelyabinsk State University"
  • Kostanay College of Automobile Transport
  • Kostanay Economic College of Kazpotrebsouz
  • Kostanay Socio-Technical College
  • Kostanay Engineering and Pedagogical University named after. M. Dulatova
  • Kostanay TOEFL Testing Center
  • Kostanay Medical College
  • Kostanay College of Social Education
  • Kostanay Humanitarian Institute
  • Kostanay Pedagogical College
  • Kostanay State Pedagogical Institute
  • Kostanay State University named after. A. Baytursynova
  • Kostanay Socio-Technical University named after. Academician Z. Aldamzhar
  • Kostanay Construction College
  • Kostanay Polytechnic College

There is a city in Kazakhstan, the history of which began back in 1879, when the first settlers appeared on the shore. They came here from various provinces.

origin of name

The resulting settlement occupied 13.5 thousand acres of land and was named Nikolaevsk. But in 1885, having become county town Turgai province, it was renamed Kostanay. From the Kazakh language this word was translated as “station of the Kazakh tribe.” It was formed from two components: “kos” - a yurt, and “tanai” - a Kazakh tribe. In 1884, a church, court, school and other public buildings were built on its territory. By 1913, the city of Kostanay was replenished with new residents. Its population reached 28,300 people, whose main activity was agriculture.

Further development

This was possible due to its location on fertile black soil lands. Trade developed widely. The city of Kostanay served as a commercial platform for goods such as salt, fish, leather, wool, grain, furs, flour, meat, beer and other products Agriculture. In order to expand the delivery of products to other regions of Russia, a railway was built in 1913.

Industry in the city began to develop only after several enterprises producing footwear, artificial fiber, and clothing were evacuated to its territory during World War II. In order to ensure their work, as well as the comfort of workers, they began to lay utility networks, equip the city, and plant trees and trees.

Age of Prosperity

In the post-war years, the city of Kostanay continued its development. They settled down where people were engaged in mining: bauxite, asbestos, ores. Today, the development of the city continues. Its population is about 240,000 people. An international airport was built relatively recently.

Schools in the city of Kostanay are general education. There are 51 of them in total. But there is also one named after A.I. Nikiforov. In addition to industrial enterprises, in the territory settlement there are two higher educational institutions, Philharmonic, libraries, palaces of culture, theaters, museum. The city of Kostanay can be called the cultural center of the region of the same name.

Memory of centuries

The main streets of the city of Kostanay, and at first there were only ten of them, witnessed the events that took place here throughout its existence. Most often, street names reflect the historical past and the names of the heroes. And at the end of the 19th century, they were called here in accordance with the name of the provinces from which the settlers arrived: Tomsk, Penza, Tashkent, Samara, Troitsk, Orenburg and others.

The main street was Bolshaya. It ran from the Tobol River to railway station. On it were located the houses of wealthy merchants - Yaushev, Kargin - as well as food stores and shopping arcades. The Soviet government gave this street a new name - Proletarskaya. Two years later it began to be called Soviet. And after another two - Lenin Street. But she had to go through renaming more than once. In 1975 it became Leninsky Prospekt, and in 2000 - Al-Farabi Avenue.

In general, many streets in the city began to have different names with the advent of Soviet power. And this is not surprising. Tsarskaya became Leo Tolstoy Street, Barabashevskaya was renamed in honor of Lavrenty Taran. But this happened in many cities at that time. The main thing is that the renaming does not affect what was located on these streets. And in Kostanay you can see many interesting buildings and monuments on them.

Cultural sites

The center of Kostanay is interesting because the regional museum of local lore is located there. It was opened back in 1915. Only here you can get complete information about the region. The exhibition consists of 112 thousand exhibits. In the museum you can learn about what happened on local land in ancient times, what the Kostanay region is rich in today, how the city was affected by the Patriotic War and many other significant facts.

But this is not the only interesting thing about the city of Kostanay. House 85-A on Gogol Street is a toy museum. It houses 5,000 exhibits. Until now, everyone can add to the museum’s exposition. And the toys here are very different. These are dolls and soldiers, cars and weapons, Cheburashkas, pistols and many other children's entertainment. All exhibits are unique. There is even a female Egyptian figurine here, which was made in the 2nd millennium BC.

Where to go?

It is not for nothing that Kostanay is considered cultural. The regional drama theater named after. Omarov, who often takes part in republican festivals. He presents both adult and children's performances to the public. There is a studio on its premises. The Russian Drama Theater is also a must-see. It was founded back in 1922. Now it is merged with the puppet theater. The productions of his actors received prestigious awards even at international festivals. Well, don’t forget to check out the Philharmonic. Its first location was the building of the regional drama theater. Nowadays you can hear musicians working in various directions here. Moreover, they play not only Kazakh music.

The modern monuments of the city are also interesting. For example, the Charlie Chaplin monument. The famous actor is depicted in full growth with a bowler hat and a cane. It is located near the building of the Kazakh-French cultural center. The sculpture of a girl with a laptop, made of bronze, also attracts tourists. This is a monument reflecting modern reality. Many people want to take photographs next to it.

The city of Kostanay is a thriving cultural, scientific and industrial center of Kazakhstan. If you want to see how a small settlement on the banks of the Tobol River developed in a relatively short period of time, be sure to come here.