The largest congestion of hot rocks in Eurasia. Valley of Geysers (Kamchatka Territory) - the largest accumulation of geysers. Thank you for your attention
1Valley of Geysers
The presentation was prepared by a student of 8 "B" class
Ershova Daria
clusters of geysers in the world "Volcanoes of Kamchatka"
Caves are a little-known component of Europe's tourist landscape, and yet Old World, located on pristine continental coasts, is slowly surviving an eruption with its unique underground formations. Our ancestors often used caves, shelters, performed rituals, and perhaps even wet and cool walls were the birthplace of religion and art. The caves are a world hidden from our eyes, made of ignorance, myths and indifference.
Just accept that it is a natural void of rock or a system of them developed in the rocks below the Earth's surface. Primary and secondary caves are different. If the depth of the cave exceeds its width, the free space in the rock with rocky, sloping walls is called a bay. Also in this case, although the criterion seems obvious, sometimes it is not known whether we are dealing with an abyss or a cave. There is still no consensus as to whether this site should be considered the deepest or deepest cave in Europe.
The Valley of Geysers in Kamchatka is one of the largest concentrations of geysers in the world, and the only one in Eurasia. The Valley of Geysers is located on the territory of the Kronotsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve, which is included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List in the Volcanoes of Kamchatka nomination. The Valley of Geysers was discovered in 1941 by the employees of the Kronotsky Reserve, geologist Tatyana Ustinova and observer Anisifor Krupenin. Since then, it has been a recognized tourist pearl of Kamchatka and the Far East.
Although exploration in the cave has played a very important role, the fate of science is explored by speleology. A caver is not just a groove, but his job is to collect data, analyze it and study the underworld, of course. Studies the rise and development of caves, rock geology, microclimates, specific organisms, water resources, human habits. On the other hand, direct, often dangerous exploration of the underworld is associated with underground mountaineering.
The name of the cave is related to the theme of caves. It comes from a typical karst area, namely the Red Peninsula in dinars in the Slovenian mountains. The length of the entire system is more than 5 km, height - 28 m; At the same time, the Reka river canyon, creating lakes and waterfalls.
"King" of the Valley of Geysers
The "King" of the Grotto Valley is the first largest geyser. The dimensions of his bath are 2 by 2.5 meters. During the eruption, it throws out up to 60 tons of boiling water, approximately at an angle of 45 degrees. It is believed that it was the Grotto that knocked out a huge flat area on the slope of the canyon of the Valley of Geysers. Now the geysers Fountain and New Fountain are located here. The mode of operation of the Grotto geyser has not been established even 7 decades after its discovery in the Kronotsky Reserve.
On the surface of 85 sq. Km there are typical karst forms: bays, caves with underground rivers and lakes, bays. to see the biggest ice cave in the world and the largest iceberg in Europe, head to Austria, high up in the Salzburg region. At this altitude, water, cities cling to ceilings, drip quickly and freeze, resulting in unique ice formations.
Triple - three jets of steam
There was a fabulous, majestic world of frozen icicles, motionless cascades and sparkling icebergs, a world of great power. The Tatra caves are rarely visited by tourists on the Polish side. The Bielská Cave, because it is mentioned, is located in the Bielskie Tatras, Kobylem Virch, in the Kotlin Tatra resort; It belongs to the largest known cave in the Slovak Tatras.
eight geyser sites
These areas are characterized by extensive, heavily cut sidewalks and magnificent slopes. The Greek gods are associated with Olympus, while according to mythology, the formidable Zeus came into the world in one of the caves of ancient Ida. The massif, a limestone form characterized by expansive karsts, descends steeply towards the coast, and on the windy slopes there is a thicket of mounds, sheep and goats.
It is curious that, by nature, man has long noticed that the microclimate of caves is beneficial for the condition of the respiratory tract. One of the first underground spas was created in Hungary, in caves until today. asthmatic patients. Cave exploration tourism is becoming a more popular form of entertainment offered by travel agencies around the world.
The Valley of Geysers begins with the Pervenets geyser, gushing every 10-17 minutes. Further, a geyser with the appropriate name Triple throws out boiling water through three holes in the ground. And on the seventh geyser site, the Velikan geyser rarely (cycle: 2-6 hours), but powerfully erupts. The eruption of the largest of the geysers in the Valley of the Giant begins with a powerful surge. Then a column of water rises to a height of up to 30 meters, and puffs of steam rise to a height of 300 meters and above. In total, there are eight geyser sections in the valley, on the last one, the Weeping geyser, pulsing with hot tears, is noteworthy.
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Located in central Vietnam near the border of Laos, less than 450 kilometers south of Hanoi, the cave is over 5 kilometers long, 200 meters wide and 150 meters high. Local stalagmites are also considered the largest in the world - they reach 70 meters. Not only the excessive price is the reason for the small number of permits to enter the cave, because the trip through the narrow corridors takes up to 7 days and 6 nights. It certainly won't be wasted, because underground waterfalls and a fierce river await for adventurous tourists, as well as where the ceiling has collapsed and beautiful jungles inhabited by monkeys. bats and colored birds.
Typhoon Elsa 1981
In 1981, Typhoon Elsa caused rains, due to which the water level in the Geysernaya River rose by several meters. Mud streams dragged three-meter boulders along the channel, destroying everything in its path. Affected, including the famous Malachite Grotto. The Bolshaya Pechka geyser has disappeared.
Sel 2007
June 3, 2007 several powerful mudflows fell on the valley, covering most of it with mud and stones, blocking many sources. A natural dam was also formed, in the event of a breakthrough of which a lake may form, which will cover almost all sources with a layer of water. Tourists and staff who were in the valley were urgently evacuated, so there were no casualties.
Scottish caves in Slovenia
There are planes from Warsaw, Krakow, Wroclaw, Poznan, Katowice, Szczecin and Gdansk. The transit is planned, for example, in the city of Doha in Qatar, Bangkok, Moscow or Paris. This is the team karst caves in Slovenia, the total length of which is about 6 kilometers. A characteristic feature of this protected biosphere area is an impressive system of corridors running into the Reka River basin, as well as high chambers with rich stalactite. tourist trail covers an area of 3 kilometers, and its origin is in the village of Matavun - 5 km east of the Ljubljana-Koper motorway.
List of major geysers before mudflow 2007
Pervenets is the first geyser that Tatyana Ustinova and Anisifor Krupenin saw during their exploration of the tributary of the Shumnaya River. The only geyser site that lies outside the valley of the Geysernaya River.
Giant
Crack - a jet of steam shoots out of the crack
Triple - three jets of steam
Malachite Grotto
Pearl
Sugar
Cone
Fountain
Small
Big
Double
fickle
Gates of Hell
Additional facts
In 1972, the shooting of the film "Sannikov Land" took place in the Valley of Geysers.
Part of the valley enters the caldera of the Uzon volcano. Mutny geyser was formed in the Uzon caldera in 2008.
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Thank you for your attention!
The one-hour tourist route passes through a narrow bridge over a gallery suspended several hundred meters above the bed of the River Reka. The temperature inside the cave is around 12 degrees Celsius, so you should get warm, waterproof clothing and comfortable non-slip shoes before you go on your trip. Entrance to the premises is possible only during guided tours in German, English and Slovenian.
Mammoth Cave National Park
Ljubljana offers inexpensive direct air connections from Warsaw and Krakow. Near Matavun, the largest accommodation is located in Divach - about 5 kilometers from the caves. The northern hemisphere also has the largest caves in the world. One of the record lengths is in Mamoa Caves National Park, less than 100 miles south of Louisville, Kentucky.
The Valley of Geysers is located on the territory of the Kronotsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve, which is included in the list of UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites in the nomination "Volcanoes of Kamchatka".
The park area includes three cave systems - Flint Crystal Ridge, Joppa Ridge and the largest of them - Mamu Cave. The 456-kilometer giant is three times the length of any underground corridor in the world. An important element of the protected natural area is the ecosystem, connecting the fauna underground and the rich flora on the surface, which is a common element of the Green River. For visitors, 19 km of marked trails crossed the corridors of the caves. All pistes are 320 kilometers long, but most of them are excluded from the tourist offer.
The Valley of Geysers was discovered in 1941 by employees of the Kronotsky Reserve. In 2008, according to the results of the popular vote, the Valley of Geysers was included in the list of seven Wonders of Russia. Due to the inaccessibility and the protected regime, the Valley is visited by only a few thousand people a year.
After obtaining the necessary visa to the United States, you can board a plane from the Warsaw-Okesy Airport. Interstate flights are scheduled to London and/or Paris and Atlanta. international Airport Louisville is located in Jefferson County, Kentucky.
It has only one natural entrance, protected by a US national monument, Jewel Cave National Monument, operated by the Service national park. The surveyed corridors of the Precious Cave are about 230 kilometers long, but there are likely many underground routes that are not covered outside the park.
How to get to the Valley of Geysers? Now you can get to the Valley only in the composition organized group. There are wooden walkways for tourists. Tours are carried out by helicopter. The total duration is 5–6 hours, of which about 2.5 hours are flights, while on the route is 1.5–2 hours. Regular sightseeing flights are made in the summer-autumn period.
Optimistic cave in Ukraine
Courses in Gdansk include two stops at the airports of Amsterdam and Minneapolis. Half or three stops in Copenhagen, Chicago and Minneapolis. Near the Ukrainian village of Korolivka in the Tarnopol region is the longest gypsy cave in the world and at the same time the largest cave system in Eurasia. It creates a labyrinth of complex corridors over 230 kilometers long. Its reconnaissance is available only for experienced grotesques after the permission of the Lviv speleological club "Cyclops". At that time, its length was estimated at only 3 kilometers.
Climate and weather On the territory of the Kronotsky Reserve, the climate is maritime, summers are short and rainy, winters are quite warm and snowy, winds and storms are frequent. The average August temperature is +12°C (maximum +24°C), the average February temperature is -7°C (minimum -25°C).
