Italy. Campione d'Italia: a piece of Italy surrounded by Switzerland Questions and reviews about Italy

The Italian town of Campione d’Italia is comfortably located on the shores of Lake Lugano in Switzerland. Around the town, wherever you look, Switzerland is everywhere. And although the distance from the enclave to Italy in a straight line is less than a kilometer, but, given the difficult terrain, the distance to the nearest Italian city- just over 14 kilometers.

On the opposite side of the lake is the Swiss city of Lugano. From here you can easily reach Campione d'Italia via a road and railway bridge.

When purchasing property in Campione d'Italia, you can obtain a residence permit valid throughout Europe.

In 1917, the local casino began operating, and to this day it is the main attraction of the city and one of the main sources of its income. The casino employs 15-20% of the total population of this amazing town. The history of its creation is attributed to the secret services, which needed to recruit foreign diplomats. It is interesting that the gambling establishment received an official license only in 1933.

At the seventeenth stage Giro d'Italia - 2016 race participants will set off along the race route from a small picturesque village Molveno, located on the shores of the lake of the same name at the foot of the Dolomiti di Brenta mountain range, in the Trentino-Alto Adige region, in the province of Trento. Molveno is the largest lake in the Italian Alps, its area is more than three square kilometers. It lies in a valley surrounded by Mountain peaks, the highest of which are almost 2000 meters. The village of Molveno itself is located at an altitude of 900 meters.

Molveno is kilometers of silence and unity with nature. A real gem. The peaks of the Dolomites are reflected in the crystal clear water of the lake, which is home to many fish, including Arctic char, which live exclusively in clear water. On the shore of the lake you can find rabbits, chamois, deer and other animals.

In summer, Molveno offers a variety of activities aquatic species sports, for example, windsurfing or sailing, as well as fishing and river rafting. You can just take a swim. There is a parking area for tents on the shore.

The maximum depth of Lake Molveno is 123 meters, making it the deepest lake in the entire province of Trentino. The lake is 4-5 km long and 1.5 km wide and is considered the largest alpine lake, located above 800 meters above sea level, due to its depth, the water in it rarely warms up above 19 degrees Celsius. Numerous rivers and streams flowing down from the surrounding mountains flow into Lake Molveno.

In winter, the village of Molveno becomes no less attractive than in summer - in the cold season, lovers come here alpine skiing, where they have unlimited opportunities for skiing on snow-covered mountain slopes. Availability of trails different levels The complexity and abundance of various routes allow both beginners and experienced skiers to choose the appropriate ski route.

Turning your attention from the landscapes to Molveno, you can look at the local architectural monuments. Particularly noteworthy are the still working 13th-century watermills and the local church of San Vigilio ( San Vigilio), dating from the 4th century.

The 17th stage of the Giro d'Italia -2016 is a sprint stage with a length of almost 200 km with overcoming one climb of the 4th category. The peloton continues its movement to the southeast. Having passed Brescia, approximately 140 km from the start of the stage, the peloton will turn west The first half of the stage is rugged and ends with lifting 4th category Passo Sant'Eusebio, length 7.3 km, 316-570 m, drop - 254 m, average gradient 3.5%, maximum - 8%, then there is a plain.

The participants of the 17th stage of the Giro d'Italia 2016 will finish just 20 km from Milan, in a small town Cassano d'Adda. The city is located on the right bank of the Adda River, the left tributary of the Po River; it is documented that the first settlement settled here in the 9th century. Cassano d'Adda hosts the finish of a Giro d'Italia stage for the first time. The stage will end with a sprint from the few sprinters remaining in the race.

Cassano d'Adda is well known for the famous “Battle of the Adda River”. The battle took place on April 26-28, 1799 during the war of the second coalition (Russia, England and Austria) with France during the Italian campaign of Field Marshal Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov. Participants took part in the battle Russian-Austrian troops (commander - Suvorov) and the French army (commander - General Barthalamey Louis Joseph Scherer ( Barthélemy Louis Joseph Scherer), then General Jean Victor Marie Moreau ( Jean Victor Marie Moreau). Taking advantage of the stretched front of the French troops, Suvorov diverted their attention with the actions of the detachment of General Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration, which on April 26 occupied the city of Lecco on the right flank, after which the allies crossed the Adda in the center of the French position on April 27 and inflicted a heavy defeat on the French in two-day battles. The victory at Adda determined the subsequent successes of the Allied forces in Italy. After the victory at Adda, Milan was captured by Russian troops.

Among the architectural monuments of Cassano d’Adda, it is necessary to highlight the Brambilla Palace ( Villa Brambilla), it was built in the second half of the 17th century according to the design of Matteo Rosales ( Matteo Rosales) for the Marquis of Castellone ( Castelleone). In the next century it was owned by Giuseppe Pezzoli (Giuseppe Pezzoli). The palace has a very simple layout, a single building block 50 meters long. From the end, the building has nothing remarkable, no stucco, no columns or any other architectural delights. The same cannot be said about the façade of the building, which is decorated with decorative elements in the Rococo style. The palace stands on a large area, near which there are practically no trees, which emphasizes its airiness. At a distance from the palace there is a magnificent sala, with lawns and shady alleys. Inside the palace, the rooms are decorated with antique furniture and paintings by famous painters.

It is impossible to miss the Adda-Borromeo Palace ( Villa d'Adda-Borromeo). The charming 18th-century palace fits perfectly into its surrounding landscape. The total area of ​​the palace is 5000 m2, it has 142 rooms, and all this splendor is surrounded by a majestic park of 7 hectares. The palace was built for the Marquis of Adda according to the design of Francesco Croce ( Francesco Croce) and rebuilt in the second half of the same century by Giuseppe Piermarini ( Giuseppe Piermarini).

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The alphabetical index of Italian cities is useful not only for dry statistics. The great interest of readers in this topic on the site indicates that on the Russian Internet, apart from incomplete Wikipedia materials, there are perhaps not many sources of specific and reliable information.

However, the city list itself should not just be a tool for crossword puzzle writers and enthusiasts. The exact name of the city and its Russian transliteration (transcription) are of interest to translators, teachers, students and journalists. The reader would also like to get an idea of ​​the location of the city on the map of Italy here and now. This is already a reality thanks to integration with Google maps. Information about the regional affiliation of the city and the name of the corresponding province complete the picture. Further alphabetical lists cities will be supplemented with links to site materials on the topic, an indication of relevant material or a photo gallery of the city. Symbols:

M- there is material IN- there is video material F- there is a photo gallery N- origin of name.

Each of us has our own images when it comes to Italy. For some, the country of Italy is historical and cultural monuments, such as the Forum and Colosseum in Rome, Palazzo Medici and Uffizi Gallery in Florence, St. Mark's Square in Venice and the famous Leaning Tower in Pisa. Others associate this country with the directorial works of Fellini, Bertolucci, Perelli, Antonioni and Francesco Rosi, the musical creativity of Morricone and Ortolani, and the incomparable acting works of Giulietta Masina, Monica Bellucci, Sophia Loren, Adriano Celentano. Someone, having heard about Italy, will immediately remember the famous Italian pizza, pasta, fritatta and minestrone. The country of Italy is one of the oldest in the world, although it appeared on political map world just a little over a hundred years ago.

A little history

Italy has had a great influence on the social and cultural development of not only European countries, but also of all humanity.

Archaeological artifacts have been found in this country, proving the fact that the territory was inhabited by ancient people. It can be argued that ancient Italy became the starting point in the development of human civilization. The Roman Empire managed not only to conquer large territories and create a powerful state, but also brought its cultural and economic traditions and knowledge to the conquered lands.

Under the onslaught of the Goths, the Western Roman Empire fell in 476, as a result of which many small appanage states were formed on the Apennine Peninsula.

Modern Italy emerged only in 1871 thanks to the efforts of his associates. It was in this year that Rome was declared the capital of the state, which included small kingdoms and duchies.

The twentieth century turned out to be quite difficult and tragic for the Italian Republic. Between 1922 and 1945, the country was under fascist rule led by Benito Mussolini and was involved in the Second World War. world war. In 1946, the last one, Umberto, abdicated the throne, after which a rather long crisis followed. The decline of industry and agriculture, a streak of unsuccessful reforms - Italy experienced all this. Europe, like the rest of the world, watched in amazement at the transformation and the so-called Italian economic miracle. The development of the country was accompanied by many high-profile political scandals, trials of members of mafia groups, as well as terrorist actions of the “red brigades”.

Today, the country of Italy is one of the highly developed European countries that exports to most countries of the world. Films, cars, fashionable clothes and shoes, excellent wines created in this country are in demand all over the world. The hospitality and cordiality of the Italians, coupled with beautiful nature and developed hotel business contribute to the thriving tourism here. Italy annually receives many tourists from different parts of the world.

Geographical position

The state of Italy, located in the south of Europe, thanks to its outlines, is one of the most recognizable in the world geographical map. The mainland part of the Italian “boot” occupies the Apennine Peninsula and a small part of the Balkan Peninsula and points “toe” to the west, towards the islands of Sardinia and Sicily. In addition to these islands, the Italian Republic owns the islands of Capri, Ischia and Elba. It shares borders with countries such as Austria, Slovenia, France and Switzerland. The Vatican and San Marino are two miniature countries that are enclaves and are located on the territory of the state of Italy. The sea washes this country on three sides: from the south - the Mediterranean and Ionian, from the east - the Adriatic, from the west - the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian.

Relief

The largest part (almost ¾ of the entire territory of Italy) is occupied by hills and mountain ranges. The Apennine Mountains with the Corno peak stretch from south to north. The Alps mountain range is located in the northern region of the country. The most high mountain This massif - Mont Blanc - has a height of 4807 meters. The country of Italy is one of the few in Europe where seismic activity is recorded earth's crust and active volcanoes such as Stromboli, Vesuvius and Etna are located.

The plains occupy only 1/5 of it total area, which is 300 thousand square meters. km. The largest in area is the Padana Plain, located between the Apennine mountain range and the Alps. There are also small plains on the sea coast.

Rivers and lakes

The rivers of Italy are concentrated mainly in its northern region. The largest of them - the Po - flows from the slopes of the Cottian Alps and ends its path in is the second largest, and it is connected to the Arno River through channels and a system of canals. Both of these rivers, the Arno and the Tiber, are unpredictable and notorious for their devastating floods.

Most Italian rivers are short mountain streams that form small river systems or flow directly into the sea. Only Northern Italy can “boast” of a developed river system, fed year-round big amount atmospheric precipitation and melt water flowing from glaciers.

Most Italian lakes are located on the Adriatic coast, in the foothills and mountainous alpine regions. Largest lake Garda, whose area is almost 370 km 2, is located in the Alpine outskirts. Lakes such as Albano, Bracciano, Bolsena, Vico and Nemi, located in the central region of Italy, were formed due to the filling of extinct volcanic craters with water. Lakes Lesina, Varano, and Valli de Comacchio were formed as a result of the closure of the lagoon waters with sand barriers. Their depth is shallow, and the water is salty.

Administrative division

The whole country can be roughly divided into three main regions: north, south and center. Officially, as stated in the Constitution of the Italian Republic in Art. 116 of December 11, 1947, it is divided into 20 regions, each of which is divided into provinces. Five of the 20 regions are autonomous entities where ethnic and linguistic minorities live. In Sardinia, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Sicily, Valle d'Aosta and Trentino Alto Adige, in addition to the state Italian language, other official languages ​​are also used.
The provinces of Italy are divided into communities (comunes), the total number of which is 8101. Communes, like provinces, vary quite noticeably in territory and the number of people inhabiting them. The largest community-commune is the city of Rome, located in the Lazio region, which is also the capital of the entire state. It is located almost in the center of the western region of the Apennine Peninsula, on the banks of the Tiber River, not far from its confluence with Rome in Italy - it is not only the capital, but also a political, historical, cultural, and tourist center of world significance.

Economic-geographical differences

Trentino-Alto Adige

Known for its stunning landscapes and ski resorts, this autonomous region borders Austria and Switzerland. In the south, this region neighbors the Veneto, in the west - with Switzerland and Lombardy, and in the north - with Austria, with the border running along the Alpine mountain range. This region consists of two provinces - Bolzano and Trento. This region is interesting because in each of its provinces the culture, traditions and even the main language are different. To Bolzano official language- German, and most residents of Trento speak only Italian. The region's main income comes from tourism. Trentino-Alto Adige is famous for its ski resorts, such as Madonna di Campiglio.

Friuli Venezia Giulia

It is the easternmost region of Northern Italy, bordering Croatia, Austria and Slovenia. Friuli-Venezia Giulia is located on the Adriatic coast and has the status of an administrative region consisting of two historical provinces - Venezia Giulia and Friule, which due to various circumstances had to unite. Despite quite a long coexistence, each of the regions has retained its own characteristics and individuality. Today there are four provinces in this region: Gorizia, Pordenone, Udine and Trieste. It is here that the most famous white wine, Pinot Grigio, is produced.

Emilia-Romagna

It is considered one of the richest Italian regions. It is bordered in the south by the Apennine Mountains, in the east by the Adriatic Sea, and in the north by the Po River. The region is divided into two parts - northwestern Emilia and southeastern Romagna, which borders the Republic of San Marino. The region is famous not only for such popular tourist cities as Modena, Ravenna, Reggio, Rimini and Ferrarra. Factories of such famous automobile concerns as Dallara, Ducati, De Tomaso, Ferrari, Maserati, Lamborghini, Morini and Malaguti are located in this area. And major international competitions are regularly held at local racing tracks.

The central regions of Italy include:

• Abruzzo;
• Lazio;
• Marche;
• Molise;
• Tuscany;
• Umbria.

Abruzzo

This Italian region located in the center of the country, between the Adriatic coast and the Apennine mountain range. It borders areas such as Molise, Marche and Lazio. Abruzzo includes the provinces of Teramo, Chieti, Pescara and L'Aquila.

Abruzzo is distinguished high level life and economic stability, which became possible thanks to the attention of the authorities both to the development of tourism and to the support of the agricultural sector. In this area, both fans of mountaineering and skiing, as well as fans of beach holidays will find relaxation to their liking.

Lazio

This central Italian region is also the capital. It is in Lazio that Rome is located, which is also the main city of this region. There are five provinces in this area: Viterbo, Latina, Rome, Rieti, Frosinone. This region contains a small group of volcanic islands in the center of the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Marche

In the very center of Italy, on the Adriatic coast is the Marche region. It consists of six provinces: Ancona, Macerata, Ascoli Piceno, Pesaro, Urbino and Fermo.

What attracts tourists to this Italian region is primarily the beaches, small and cozy in Sinigalia or spacious and wide in San Benedetto del Tronto. This region is also interesting for speleology lovers: many caves, such as Frasassi, are available for visits.

Molise

Located in southern Italy, between the Adriatic Sea and the Apennine mountain range. Molise borders Campania to the south, Abruzzo to the north, Lazio to the west and Apuli to the east. There are only two provinces in this area: Isernia and Campobasso. Molise is one of the most industrially underdeveloped regions of Italy. The exception is the Termoli region, which is home to a small FIAT company and a bell factory in Agnon. Large cities in the Molise region there are none, and not very large villages are located mainly in the foothills.

Tuscany

This region central Italy It is washed by the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian seas in the west, and in the east it is limited by the Tosco-Emilian Apennines. Tuscany is bordered to the east by Umbria and Marche, to the north by Emilia-Romagna, and to the south by Lazio. Off the coast of Tuscany there are several islands that form the Tuscan archipelago: Gorgona, Giglio, Giannuti, Montecristo, Pianosa, Sapraia and Elba.

Tuscany consists of 10 provinces: Arezzo, Grosseto, Lucca, Livorno, Massa Carrara, Prato, Pisa, Pistoia, Siena and Florence, each of which has its own capital of the same name.

This Italian region, in addition to picturesque landscapes, has many cultural and historical monuments, the most famous of which are concentrated in such provinces as Florence, Siena, Livorno and Pisa. It was in Tuscany that such famous personalities as Leonardo da Vinci and Petrarch, Dante Alighieri and Michelangelo and many others were born and worked.

Umbria

This unique Italy. There is no sea or sea coast. It borders only Marche, Lazio and Tuscany. Umbria has only two provinces: Terni and Perugia.

Most of the entire territory is made up of hills and mountains. The plain can only be found in the valleys of rivers such as Velino, Nera and Tiber. On the Velino River, near the city of Terni, there is the most famous man-made Marmore waterfall, built by the ancient Romans.

Large industry in the region is poorly developed, with the exception of the city of Terni, where metallurgical, chemical and mechanical engineering enterprises are located. Perugia has small food, textile and handicraft factories.

Southern regions of Italy

These regions of Italy are located in the southern region of the Apennine Peninsula and include such large islands as Sardinia and Sicily, which occupy about 40% of the country's area. These are the following regions:

• Apulia;
• Sardinia;
• Basilicata;
• Sicily;
• Campaign;
• Calabria.

Apulia

Bordered by the Ionian and Adriatic seas, Apulia is the easternmost Italian region. There are five provinces in this area: Brindisi, Bari, Lecce, Tarento and Foggia. It is a traditionally agricultural region of Italy and ranks first in the production of olive oil and wine.

The territory of this area contains many traces and monuments of various civilizations, from Paleolithic times to the end of the Renaissance.

Basilicata

This southern Italian region is washed in the southeast by the Ionian Sea and in the southwest by the Tyrrhenian Sea. In the south, Basilicata borders on Calabria, and in the east and north on Puglia. The region is divided into two provinces: Potenza and Matera. Basilicata is a rather harsh region, and almost half of its territory is mountains, only 1/10 of the entire area is plains. The entire flat part is crossed by rivers, which swamped it. Today, most of the swamps have already been drained.

This southern region of Italy is not spoiled by the attention of vacationers, since the development of tourism has only begun in the last few years. Already in effect now national park Pollino and thermal water resorts in Rappola. Many interesting historical and cultural artifacts can be seen in the natural archaeological park of Murgia, as well as in the museums of Metaponto, Venoso and other cities in the region.

In addition, Basilicata has many ski resorts with the main tourist center in La Sellata Perfaone.

Calabria

This area is located at the very “toe” of the Italian “boot”, for the most part on the peninsula of the same name. Calabria borders on the north with Basilicata, on the west it is washed by the Tyrrhenian, and on the east and south - Ionian Sea. This region is separated from the Strait of Messina. There are five provinces: Vibo Valentia, Catanzaro, Crotone, Cosenzo and Reggio Calabria.

The region has long been known as an agricultural region, and today it is actively developing as a tourist region. There is everything you need for this: beautiful nature and warm seas, as well as numerous historical monuments, left behind by the Greeks, Romans and Normans.

Calabria, among other things, is also the most seismically active region of Italy. The largest number of earthquakes over the past three hundred years have occurred in this region.

Campaign

From the shores of the Tyrrhenian Sea to the borders with the regions of Basilicata and Lazio stretches the southern Italian region - Campania. This entire area is divided into the following provinces: Avellino, Caserta, Benevento, Naples, Salerno. The most typical areas of activity for the region are Agriculture, winemaking and fishing. IN port cities Shipbuilding is actively developing. In this area there is also travel business. The Campania region, in terms of the pace and level of its development, is in the top ten and is considered one of the most promising Italian regions.

Sicily

Sicily is located on the island of the same name, as well as on the adjacent Lipari, Pelagian, and Aegadian islands. The region's territory is divided into nine provinces: Agrigento, Catania, Messina, Caltanissetta, Ragusa, Palermo, Trapani, Syracuse, Enna. Sicily is separated from mainland Italy by the Strait of Messina.

Today, only Sicily in the entire Italian Republic has its own parliament, located in Palermo, the capital of the island. There are many historical and cultural Greek and Byzantine monuments and attractions here. But the main object of tourist interest is active volcano Etna also has the beautiful beaches of Pozzallo and Isola Bella and magnificent landscapes and landscapes.

Sardinia

The island of Sardinia, the second largest, is located between Corsica and Sicily. Sardinia is an autonomous region of Italy, very different both in its main language - Sardinian - and in the ethnic composition of the population. On the western side the island is washed by the Sardinian Sea, and on all other sides by the Tyrrhenian Sea.

The autonomy has eight provinces: Medio Campidano, Cagliari, Nuoro, Carbonia Iglesias, Sassari, Ogliastri, Oristano and Olbia Tempio. The main port and capital of Sardinia is Cagliari. There is no industry on the island, which is conducive to nature conservation.

Capital of Italy

“The Eternal City” is what Rome is called. It was founded on April 21, 753 BC. e. in the very center of the Apennine Peninsula. It stands on seven hills: Aventine, Viminale, Quirinale, Palatine, Caelia, Esquiline and, of course, the most famous - Capitoline. It was Rome that was destined to become the center of one of the greatest civilizations of mankind.

From Roman civilization came to us law and architecture, philosophy and principles of management, the Latin language, which formed the basis of a whole group of languages. According to legends, the very first village was built by Romulus on Palantine Hill. Romulus is one of two twin brothers, sons of the god Mars, who were saved and nursed by a she-wolf. Many books and scientific studies have been written about the history, rise and fall of Rome. The city received its modern status as the capital of Italy in 1861, but actually became it in December 1870.

The center of modern Rome is Piazza Venezia, located at the foot of the Capitoline Hill. In the very center of this square there is a monument to the first king who stood at the head of a united Italy - Victor Emmanuel II. The Italians themselves call this monument a “wedding cake”, due to the huge number of different details and decorations.

The western part of the square is decorated with the Palace of Venice, built in 1455. Today it houses the National Museum of the Palazzo Venezia and the Cere Museum. Chera presents wax figures of famous political and historical figures, cultural and artistic figures. IN National Museum The Palace of Venice exhibits a collection of works by artists of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, as well as various household items and weapons.

Piazza Venezia gives rise to all the main Roman streets: Plebiscita, Fourth of November (leading to the Colosseum), Vittorio Emmanuel Avenue (leading to St. Peter's Basilica), Via del Corso. If you walk along Via del Corso and then along Via Condotti, you will come to Piazza di Spagna.

In order to describe all the monuments, squares, palaces and sights of Rome, a multi-volume encyclopedia is not enough. Remembering the folk wisdom that it is better to see once than to hear a hundred times, shouldn’t you look at Rome and all of Italy with your own eyes?