French heritage. The headquarters of unesco is a building in paris. Chartres Cathedral
The UNESCO heritage in France is represented by world-famous landmarks. Among the architectural monuments, of course, it is worth mentioning palace and park complex in Versailles. It is located in the suburbs French capital and is a true masterpiece. Since the reign of Louis XIV, Versailles has been the residence of royalty. It was then, in the 17th century, that the complex was revived in a new light. The best architects and gardeners of the country worked on its construction and subsequent reconstructions. No expense was spared on the interior decoration of the palace and it turned out magnificent and magnificent. In addition to its aesthetic significance, Versailles has become an important historical site. In particular, a peace treaty was signed here, ending the First World War.
There are also unique cave drawings in caves along the Weser River. Archaeologists agreed that the approximate age of these images reaches seventeen thousand years. They were protected from water thanks to marble, which allowed the drawings to be preserved quite well. The most famous drawings are located in the Lascaux cave. They depict scenes of hunting and everyday life, as well as animals. They represent the greatest cultural value, since from them it can be determined that primitive artists even then began to use certain painting techniques. Their imagination suggested to them the principles of perspective and shading.
The UNESCO list in France also includes many ancient Roman sites. Among them, it is worth noting the ancient monuments in the city of Arles. The ancient Roman emperors loved it, which led to the active construction of various buildings and objects on its territory. The remains of the theater, underground galleries and other structures have survived to this day. In French city Orange also houses the ruins of an ancient Roman theater. It is located on the banks of the Rhone and was built by the Gauls. In addition to the theater, on its territory there is a Triumphal Arch, also built in the ancient Roman era.
UNESCO is a United Nations Organization that deals with education, culture and science. The main goals declared by the organization are to promote the strengthening of world security through expanding cooperation between peoples and states in the field of science, education and culture; observance of the rule of law and ensuring justice, universal respect for fundamental freedoms and human rights, which are proclaimed in the Charter of the Organization, for absolutely all peoples, without belonging to any race, gender, language or religion.
On November 16, 1945, an organization was created, the headquarters of which is located in the capital of France. The organization's activities cover issues of discrimination in education, as well as illiteracy; studies national cultures and trains national personnel; problems of geology, social sciences, biosphere and oceanography.
The UNESCO Preparatory Commission moved to the Majestic Hotel from London on 16 September 1946, which served as temporary premises until 1958. The structure was hastily restored after the liberation of the city from German occupation. Working conditions there were not ideal, since the largest bedrooms were provided for work by secretaries, many of whom used one wardrobe for storing documents. Mid-level professional employees worked in the former bathrooms, because this was the only place where documentation was stored.
The inauguration of the current headquarters of UNESCO took place on November 3, 1958, at Place Fontenoy in Paris. The building, which resembles the shape of the Latin letter Y, was designed by three architects from different countries, and the construction of the headquarters was carried out under the direction of an international committee.
The complex, which is known throughout the world not only for the location of the UNESCO headquarters, but also for its architectural merits, was built on several dozen concrete columns in the shape of a three-pointed star.
The building houses a library, which houses a large numismatic and philatelic collection, all the publications of the Organization and the UNESCO souvenir department.
The complex is complemented by three other structures. The first, called "accordion", has a large oval hall. This is where the General Conference holds plenary sessions. The second building is built in the shape of a cube. In the third building, in the center of the green area, deep into two underground levels, there are six open courtyards, into which the windows of the offices located along the perimeter open. These buildings, containing a large number of unique works of art, are currently open to the public.
Since the beginning of the construction of the UNESCO building on Place Fontenoy, works of art have been commissioned from famous artists, which, in addition to decorative and artistic design, would symbolize peace, the preservation and strengthening of which the organization sets as its goal. Over time, other works of art were also acquired. Most of the works were donated to the Organization by Member States.
On the UNESCO website in the virtual museum you can see works by Picasso, Miro, Bazin, Corbusier, Tapies, and many other famous and little-known artists.
9. Chartres Cathedral
10. Reims
11. Historical center of Avignon
12. Pilgrimage route to Santiago de Campostela
The route passes through the cities: , Potier, , etc.
13. Episcopal city of Albi
14. Vauban's fortifications
Vauban's fortifications consist of 12 groups of fortified buildings and sites along the borders of France. They were designed by the military architect Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633–1707) during the reign of King Louis XIV
17. Cevennes and Grand Cross mountain ranges
Mountain ranges Cevennes and Grand Crosses(Les Causses and les Cévennes) (2011)
18. Abbey of Mont Saint-Michel
19. Palace and Park of Fontainebleau
24. Pont du Gard
— Ancient Roman near (1985), region. The Pont du Gard is an ancient Roman aqueduct bridge built in the first century AD to carry water over 50 km to the Roman colony of Nemaus (now a city). It crosses the Gardon River near the town of Vert-Pont-du-Gard in southern France. The Pont du Gard is the highest of all Roman aqueduct bridges and one of the best preserved. It was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1985 due to its historical significance.
25. City of medieval fairs Provins
- city of medieval fairs (2001) in . This is one of the best examples of a medieval merchant city in Europe.
26. Lyon historical center
- in (1998). Lyon has preserved important architectural heritage, dating from Roman times until the Renaissance, and as such, the areas of Old Lyon, the Fourvière hill, the peninsula and the slopes of de la Croix-Rousse are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
27. Prehistoric sites in the Alps region
Prehistoric sites in the Alps region (2011). A series of prehistoric settlements (or stilt houses) in and around the Alps. It is a cross-border attraction shared with Austria, Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland, 11 of the 111 sites are in France: Clairvaux-les-Lacs; Marigny, Doucier, Fontenu; Aiguebelette-le-Lac, Saint-Alban-de-Montbel; Brison-Saint-Innocent; Chindrieux; Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille; Tresserve; Chens-sur-Léman; Saint-Jorioz; Sevrier; Sevrier, Saint-Jorioz.
28. Grande Île and Neustadt in Strasbourg, Alsace
– in, (1988). Strasbourg to different time belonged either to France or to Germany. Its rich and troubled history left a remarkable architectural heritage. Its city center, located on the Grande Île, has been a complete UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1988 and includes, among others, the Notre-Dame cathedral of Strasbourg and the Petite France district. In 2017, the perimeter was extended to part of Neustadt, an area built by German authorities since 1880.
Place Stanislas, Place de la Carriere and Place d'Alliance in Nancy
Nancy (French Nancy) is a city and commune in France, the administrative center (prefecture) of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in the Lorraine region. Greater Nancy has a population of 410,508 (1999 data) (2004 data).
Located on the Moselle River, at its intersection with the Marne-Rhine Canal. Junction of railway lines to Paris, Strasbou-Liège.
Stanislav Leshchinsky
Louis XV
Place Stanislas (Place Stanislas, colloquially Place Stan) is a large (125 by 126 meters) square in the French city of Nancy, former capital Duchy of Lorraine, created in 1752-55. on the initiative of the last Duke of Lorraine, Stanislav Leszczynski, in honor of his son-in-law, Louis XV. This is one of the largest urban planning projects of the late Baroque era in Europe.
The “Royal Square” with a bronze monument to Louis XV in the center was laid out according to the design of Emmanuel Eray de Corney (1705-1763) between the buildings of the city council (town hall) and the Lorraine government and paved with light gray cobblestones grouped in diagonal patterns. Its sides were formed by buildings designed in the style of early French classicism, such as the Episcopal Palace (now Opera theatre) and a school of doctors (now the Museum of Fine Arts).
Grilles
Stanislaus Square forms a single urban ensemble with Place de la Carriere and Place d'Alliance, with which it is connected by semicircular colonnades and a triumphal arch, reproducing the shape of the ancient Arch of Septimius Severus. The square is decorated with elegantly light gilded grilles, fountains and lanterns - outstanding monuments to the artistic casting of the workshop of Jean Lamour (1698-1771).
Fontaine d'Amphitrite
Fontaine de Neptune
With the beginning of the revolution, the statue of the king was overthrown and replaced by an allegory of Victory, and the square itself was renamed from Royal Square, first to People's Square, and then to Napoleon Square. After the July Revolution (1830) it received its current name. At the same time, a bronze monument to Stanislav Leshchinsky appeared on it.
In 1983, when UNESCO recognized the ensemble of three Leszczynski-era squares as a World Heritage Site, a large part of Place Stanislas was used as a parking lot. To mark the 250th anniversary of the creation of the square, expensive (9 million euros) restoration work was carried out based on archival materials from the 18th century, and the square itself and the adjacent territory were declared a pedestrian zone.
Place de la CarriereView of the Place de la Carriere and the Palace of the Governor from Arc de Triomphe and Plas Stanislas
Place de la Carrière is an ancient square in the center of Nancy, located in the old town and is a continuation of the famous Place Stanislas. Separated from the latter by the Arc de Triomphe of Emmanuel Eray.
View of the Place de la Carriere and the Governor's Palace from the Arc de Triomphe and Place Stanislas.
The new Place de la Carriere was formed in the 16th century during a period of expansion and strengthening medieval city. Mansions of the local aristocracy were built here. At that time, knightly tournaments and other equestrian events were held on the square. At the end of the 16th century, to connect the Old Town with the New, built in the south outside the medieval fortress, a gate was made in the fortress wall, the so-called. Port Royal. To the north of Place de la Carrière was a wing of the Palace of the Duke of Lorraine, which was destroyed by Duke Leopold I of Lorraine, who planned to build a new Louvre here. In the southeast of the square is the Salle Beauvaux (now the Court of Appeal), built at the beginning of the 18th century, the work of the French architect Germain Beaufran.
Place d'AlliancePlace d'Alliance (French: Place d'Alliance) is a square in the center of Nancy, located next to the famous Place Stanislas.
Place d'Alliance and fountain commemorating the 1756 alliance between France and Austria.
By order of Stanislas Leszczynski, Duke of Lorraine, the French architect Emmanuel Héré planned the Place Sant Stanislas, located on the territory of the former ducal vegetable garden. The square had the shape of a square, along the perimeter of which were located luxurious mansions. In 1756, the Treaty of Alliance between France and Austria was signed by King Louis XV of France and Empress Maria Theresa of Austria (wife of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor and former Duke of Lorraine). Soon after this, the square was renamed Place d'Alliance. By order of Stanislas, the sculptor Paul-Louis Sifflet created a fountain in honor of the Alliance.
In 1983, Place d'Alliance, together with Place Stanislas and Place de la Carriere, as a single architectural complex, was included in the UNESCO list
Saint-Emilion is a French wine-growing commune with the capital of the same name, located on the right bank of the Dordogne River, Gironde department. It is located 40 kilometers from the capital Bordeaux, 6 kilometers from the wine-growing commune of Pomerol and the municipal center of Libourne, and in the east it borders on another wine-growing subregion - Côtes de Castillon. The terrain and soil in the commune are very varied. The central plateau around the capital gradually slopes into hills with terraced vineyards to the west and east. Gravel soils on the Pomerol side further alternate with sandy-clayey and calcareous soils.
Provins, city of medieval fairsProvins - old City in Champagne, now in the Seine-et-Marne department, Ile-de-France, France. One of the best examples of a medieval merchant city in Europe, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Us. 11667 inhabitants
Old city on the hill, still surrounded by medieval walls, was the site of an annual fair in the 13th century, perhaps the largest not only in Champagne, but in all of France.
Maison, 15 rue de Jouy
The population of the city at that time was seven to eight times greater than today. Here wool was processed and scarlet roses, brought by the Crusaders from the Holy Land, were grown. Edmund the Hunchback, being the overlord of this city, adopted the scarlet rose as the coat of arms of the Lancaster family. At the end of the 13th century, Provins' relations with the counts of Champagne deteriorated; he lost his trading privileges, and with them his economic importance.
"Caesar's Tower".
In addition to part of the city wall, among the medieval monuments in Provins, the unfinished church of St. Kiryaka with a dome of the 17th century; a 12th-century "tithe storehouse" displaying medieval statues; and Caesar's Tower, built on the site of a Roman fortification in the 12th century. The lower city, founded in the 9th century. monks fleeing from the Vikings, it is not so rich in ancient monuments.
Vauban's fortificationsSebastien Le Prestre, marquis de Vauban (French: Sebastien Le Prestre, marquis de Vauban, May 15, 1633 - March 30, 1707) - the most outstanding military engineer of his time, Marshal of France, writer. The fortresses he built were declared a World Heritage Site.
Sebastien Le Prêtre, Marquis de Vauban
He spent his entire life in sieges of enemy fortresses and in the construction of French fortresses: he rebuilt 33 fortresses and improved up to 300 old ones, participated in 53 sieges and 104 skirmishes and battles. He began his military career under the command of the Prince of Condé, who was allied with Spain and fought against France; taken prisoner in 1653, he joined the French army. In the sixties of the XVII century. he begins to build fortresses, and in 1667 he forces several Belgian fortresses to capitulate.
He was a combat engineer and practical engineer, an excellent artilleryman and tactician, commanded an army and took part in politics, and is credited with creating the first army units of military engineers.
View of Fort La Lat from Cape Spaniards
In the field of military engineering, Vauban made a sharp transition in the methods of conducting an attack, turning out to be an innovator in the art of siege; As for fortification forms, here Vauban, despite the 4 systems he proposed, showed not so much the originality of any new ideas, but rather a practical correct view of things and the ability to apply them to the situation and terrain. His instructions and the principles that Vauban laid as the basis for siege operations were used until Port Arthur (1904) inclusive.
Vauban also streamlined the methods of using underground mines. At his insistence and under his leadership, experiments on mine explosions were carried out in Tournai in 1686, which served as the initial foundations of the theory of mine art, the later development of which belongs to the French engineer Belidor (1698-1761) and the French scientists Gumpertz and Lebrun (1805).
In 1677, Vauban was appointed head of all engineering work in France. In five years he developed a system of border fortifications and surrounded the kingdom with a ring of fortresses. Cultivating exclusively the bastion system and being clearly aware of its shortcomings, Vauban, strictly speaking, did not leave any specific system, but his successors, from considering the various fortresses that he built and repaired, tried to deduce general principles location of forts.
In this way they managed to compile three methods of strengthening or three systems of Vauban. The first of them is known as the simple one, and the other two are called the first and second reinforced systems or the Landau and Neuf-Brizac systems (after the names of the fortresses built by Vauban: Landau and Neuf-Brizac (now Neuf-Brizac)).
Fortifications built by Vauban in Besançon.
Vauban was considered in France the true “father of a gradual attack,” just as Erard de Bar-le-Duc was considered the “father of fortification” in general. The main idea of Vauban’s gradual attack was to move forward slowly but surely, with the least losses, which was very clearly expressed by the aphorism: “Brûlons plus de poudre, versons moins de sang” (French: “Let’s burn more gunpowder, shed less blood.” ). Vauban first destroyed the fire of the fortress artillery and then advanced the infantry forward with the help of covering approaches and long trenches or trenches, which he called “parallels.”
Belfort-Fortifications
Vauban's main engineering talent was manifested in his amazing art of using the features of the situation and terrain, as a result of which some of the shortcomings of his fortification system, indicated theoretically, disappeared on the ground. In this art of applying fortification forms to the situation and terrain, Vauban can hardly find rivals, and in this regard, the time of this famous engineer, dating back to the second half of the 17th century, can be called the era of Vauban. The Academy of Sciences made him a member (1699), and Louis XIV awarded him the rank of marshal (1703).
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Vauban Tower
Vauban's fortress in Colurs
Monument to Vauban in Besançon
2007, the year of the tricentenary of the death of the marshal, was declared the year of Vauban in France. In 2008, thirteen fortresses designed by Vauban were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
Le Havre (French: Le Havre, Norman: Lé Hâvre) is a city and commune in northern France, in the Haute-Normandie region, sub-prefecture in the department of Seine-Maritime. The port of Le Havre is one of the largest in France.
Prieuré_de_graville
Le Havre is located on the right bank of the Seine, near its estuary. The river separates this city from the Basse-Normandie region and the neighboring city of Honfleur. To the north and west of Le Havre is the coast of the Pas de Calais Strait.
Francis I
Le Havre is one of the youngest cities in France. When founded by Admiral Gouffier in 1517, it was named Franciscopolis in honor of King Francis I. Subsequently it was renamed Havre de Grace (“blessed harbor,” the word havre literally means harbor). In 1562, the Huguenots handed the city over to the British, but after 2 years it returned to France.
LeHavreCathedral
By 1572 the city had become significant shopping center, from where ships departed for Newfoundland and Spitsbergen to catch cod and whales. TO XVIII century the port of Le Havre becomes the second largest in France after Nantes. The old port is depicted in Monet's painting “Impression. Rising Sun"(1872), which gave its name to the Impressionist movement.
Monet "Impression. Rising Sun"
During World War II, the city was practically wiped off the face of the earth. After the war, according to the design of Andre Perret, it was rebuilt with modern buildings in a characteristic white color. Perret's residential buildings served as one of the sources of the Soviet "Khrushchev" project.
AttractionsThe city's development is predominantly post-war, dominated by the skyscraper-like Church of Saint-Joseph. Some architectural monuments of the 16th-18th centuries have been preserved. (Church of Notre-Dame, Abbey of Graville-Sainte-Honorine). Near the city there is a museum of medieval sculpture and archeology, and in the city itself there is a museum of fine arts named after Andre Malraux.
château des Gadelles
Updated project settlement designed by the famous architect Andre Perret. Since then, the appearance of Le Havre has been dominated by white concrete buildings, designed in the spirit of post-war severity, orderliness and expediency. The city has turned into a slightly strange kingdom of straight lines, devoid of any pretentious luxury. However, the architecture of Le Havre is worth visiting, as are the local museums.
The homogeneity of modern buildings sharply distinguishes Le Havre, destroyed during the Second World War, from other cities in France. Andre Perret's urban planning solution is distinguished by thoughtfulness and unique aesthetic merits, which allowed UNESCO to include the city center as a World Heritage Site.
The most extensive site in France, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000 in the category of cultural landscapes - Loire Valley . This delightful area, 280 km long and covering an area of 800 km2, is a unique universal asset.
Loire Valley is memorial place history and art. It clearly shows how man, over time, managed to take his place along the entire length of the river, developed it and even defended himself from it, from the danger that it posed. The landscape of the Loire Valley, its numerous cultural monuments, clearly demonstrates the ideals of the Renaissance and Enlightenment regarding ideas and creation Western Europe. There is also a remarkable architectural heritage here - historical cities: Blois, Chinon, Orleans, Saumur, Tours, Nantes or Angers, and world-famous monuments: the castle of Chambord or Chenonceau, the royal castle of Amboise, the gardens of the castle of Villandry, the castle of Clos Luce, as well as the royal abbey of Fontevraud. These castles are an excellent visual and historical chronicle of major and minor events in the history of France.
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1. Chambord Castle, Loire Valley, France
2. Chateau de Saumur is located in the Loire Country region, on the historical road of the Valley of the Kings. Built at the end of the 11th century, the castle of Saumur was alternately a fortress, a pleasure residence, the residence of the city governors, a prison, and then a warehouse for weapons and ammunition. Towering over the city and the majestic Loire, the castle was bought from the state in 1906 by the city of Saumur and, after partial restoration, a municipal museum was opened in it.
4. The castle of Azay-le-Rideau is located in the Centre-Loire Valley region. Built on an island in the middle of the Indre River, the castle in its present form was built during the reign of Francis I by the wealthy financier Gilles Berthelot, who wanted to implement Italian innovations in French architecture. Surrounded by greenery, the castle is washed by the waters of the Indre, in which its walls are reflected. Castle of Azay-le-Rideau, recognized historical monument, is the embodiment of the sophistication characteristic of castles of the early French Renaissance.
6. Langeais Castle (Le chateau de Langeais) is located in the Centre-Loire Valley region, on the border of Anjou and Touraine. The Lange Castle houses two unique castles: the Fulk Nerra Tower and the Louis XI Castle. The first of them is the oldest donjon in France, and the second has two facades, medieval from the city side and Renaissance from the courtyard. The first castle, located on a hill above the Loire, was erected in 994 by the powerful and formidable Angevin Count Fulk Nerra. Today it is one of the oldest donjons in France: a significant part of it remains, now covered with scaffolding, recreating a medieval construction site. These scaffolding and lifting mechanisms transport visitors back to the time of the tenth century builders. On the other side of the courtyard is the second royal castle, built by order of Louis XI at the end of the 15th century (in 1465). Louis XI wanted to be able to control the right bank of the Loire from the heights of the castle towers and the patrol path. Its majestic facade is thus equipped with a patrol path, towers and a drawbridge on the city side. In the courtyard, the ornamented windows of the façade highlight the Renaissance sophistication of this pleasant, eye-pleasing residence.
7. Historical wedding. Within these walls, on December 6, 1491, the fate of France and Brittany was decided at the wedding ceremony of Charles VIII and Duchess Anne of Brittany. This marriage marked the annexation of the duchy to the French crown, thereby ending its independence. The spectacle, striking in its realism, will take the visitor to the center of this most important event for the history of France.
9. Chateau Chenonceau is located in the Center-Loire Valley region. Crown property, then royal residence, Chenonceau Castle is unique for its original location on the Cher River, as well as for its destiny. He was loved, cherished and protected by women such as Diane de Poitiers and Catherine de' Medici. These days, Chenonceau Castle is the second most visited castle in France after Versailles.
12. The park and castle of Valence (Chateau de Valenсay) were built during the time of Louis XIII. The castle was built on the site of an ancient feudal fortress. Over time, it is rebuilt and harmoniously combines the style of the early Renaissance and classicism. In 1803, Napoleon bought this magnificent castle, which became the property of Prince de Talleyrand, Minister of Foreign Affairs. The latter, thanks to this, can receive important guests with appropriate luxury. Napoleon decides to purchase the castle of Valence for his famous foreign minister, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, in 1803, so that he could receive European dignitaries in appropriate luxury. The castle is located in Berry and combines two architectural styles - Renaissance and Classicism. It is fully furnished and surrounded by superb French-style gardens and an English park.
15. The medieval fortress of Amboise, located in the Center-Loire Valley region in the city of Amboise, becomes a royal residence during the reign of kings Charles VIII and Francis I (late 15th-early 16th centuries). Many European artists and writers live at the court in Amboise at the invitation of the kings, like Leonardo da Vinci, who rests in the chapel of the castle.