The largest supertanker on the planet Knock Nevis (16 photos). Knok Nevis, the largest ship ever built by mankind Braking distance of a tanker
Knock Nevis (formerly also called Seawise Giant, Happy Giant and Jahre Viking) is a Norwegian-flagged supertanker. Its dimensions were: 458.45 meters long and 69 meters wide, making it the largest ship in the world. Built in 1976, rebuilt in 1979, in last years was used as a floating oil storage, then delivered to Alang (India), where it was disposed of in 2010.
Knock Nevis had a deadweight of 564 763 tons, which is 658 362 m? (4.1 million barrels) of oil.
The length of the tanker is 458.45 meters, the width is 68.86 meters, the draft in cargo is 24.61 meters. The maximum speed was 13 knots, the crew of the vessel was 40 people. The stopping distance of the vessel is 10.2 kilometers, and the circulation diameter is more than 3.7 kilometers.
The draft at full load did not allow the ship to pass not only the Suez and Panama Canals, but also the English Channel.
The supertanker was built in Yokosuka, Japan by Sumitomo Corporation under the serial number "1016" and was handed over to the Greek ship owner, who gave the tanker its first real name "Seawise Giant".
Interestingly, the tanker was not that big then. Its carrying capacity was 480 thousand tons (typical modern supertankers hold 280 thousand tons).
The new owner ordered an increase in the vessel. The vessel was cut and enlarged, additional hull sections were added, increasing the deadweight from the original 480 thousand tons to a record 564 763 tons. In 1981, the tanker was ready for operation. The total displacement of the monster after the reconstruction reached 825 thousand 614 tons, which, along with its size, made it the largest ship ever to sail on Earth.
Initially, the ship cruised between the Middle East and the United States, but in 1986 it began to be used as a floating terminal for the storage and transshipment of Iranian oil during the Iran-Iraq war. In 1986, an Iraqi fighter jet fired at the ship, which was almost in Persian Gulf(or rather, in the Strait of Hormuz, leading to the bay) the Exocet anti-ship missile. The tanker was not killed, but out of order. Only in 1989 it was reanimated by Singapore ship repairmen, replacing 3.7 thousand tons of crushed steel.
After the end of the war, the ship towed to Brunei was bought by the Norwegian company KS-company. The ship was repaired in Singapore and renamed Happy Giant. However, in 1991, even before the completion of the repairs, the KS-company came under the control of the Norwegian ship-owning company Jorgen Jahre, so the tanker left the shipyard under the name Jahre Viking.
KS-company was later bought by Norwegian ship owner Fred Olsen for his company First Olsen Tankers.
Following the adoption of laws in the United States and Europe prohibiting the use of single-walled tankers, the so-called single-hull tankers (the Knock Nevis is only 3.5 centimeters thick), in March 2004 the ship at the docks in Dubai was converted into a “floating storage unit” (FPSO ). At the same time, the tanker once again changed its name to the modern Knock Nevis. In 2009, the ship was washed ashore in Alang (India), where it was disposed of in 2010. Before the last voyage, the ship was renamed Mont and changed flag in Sierra Leone. It took about a year to completely dispose of the ship.
Oil has long become the most sensitive nerve of the entire world industry. Often, it is most profitable to transport "black gold" not by land, but by water. The route along which ships of this type go is called "oil". Already in the 19th century, when coal was the main raw material, crude oil was transported in wooden and zinc barrels in special holds sailing ships intended for oil.
The most the first sea tanker for the transportation of oil in a tank, the walls of which served as a casing, became “ Atlantic», Built in 1863. This type tanker, the tank for the liquid cargo is the body, which has survived to this day. By the beginning of the first world war sea tankers already accounted for 3% of the world merchant fleet.
The demand for oil is growing every year. This process is associated with the continuous development of heavy industry and the emergence of an increasing number of motor technology. Accordingly, the scale and requirements for its transportation are increasing. I doubt that there are those whose dimensions and displacement would have the same rapid development tendency as tankers.
Shipbuilding development oil tankers takes into account the features and benefits supertankers, since when transporting oil on a tanker that can hold more than 100,000 tons of oil, transport costs are not much higher than when using a tanker with a carrying capacity of 16,000 tons. Today large tankers and supertankers fully automated and serviced by a relatively small crew. Even the longest transportation of valuable cargo is much cheaper than operating a conventional vessel. And one of these is “ Knock nevis».
The history of this sea vessel began in Japan in 1976 (some sources indicate 1975) at the shipyards of the company " Sumitomo Heavy Industries ". Then oil tanker "Knock Nevis" Was "born" under the modest serial number 1016 and was not that big. Soon the cargo ship was sold to a certain Greek shipowner, who gave oil tanker first real name " Seawise Giant "... Its carrying capacity was equal to 480,000 tons (typical modern oil tankers hold 280,000 tons). Three years later, the cargo ship was sold to a new owner, who ordered an increase. Japanese shipbuilders cut and ramped up tanker, which took a lot of time. Finally in 1981 supertanker was ready to go again. Welded-in additional hull sections increased its deadweight to 564,763 tons.
Technical characteristics of the Knock Nevis super oil tanker:
Displacement - 260581 tons;
Deadweight - 564,763 tons;
Length - 458.4 m;
Width - 68.8 m;
Draft - 24.6 m;
Power plant - steam turbines with a capacity of 50,000 hp;
Travel speed - 13 knots;
Crew - 40 people;
Supertanker "Knock Nevis" could easily have taken the Empire State Building and the Eiffel Tower aboard. But his cargo is $ 195 million worth of oil. Huge ship survived several owners and bears the fourth name " Knock Nevis "... They fired rockets at him and cut him in half. And yet - for more than 20 years it remains the most big by ship on the planet... During my life supertanker changed several owners and changed names more than once: first - to “ Happy Giant ", then on " Jahre Viking ".
TANKER "KNOCK NEVIS" - PAST AND PRESENT
tanker "Seawise Giant"
tanker "Jahre Viking"
tanker "Jahre Viking" at sea
supertanker "Knock Nevis"
the stopping distance of the supertanker "Knock Nevis" is 5 kilometers
This year supertanker visited one of the Dubai shipyards, received new equipment and turned into the so-called "floating storage unit" (Floating Storage and Offloading unit) for oil. Wherein cargo ship renamed to " Knock nevis". After serving a little tanker was scrapped and sent to one of the Indian ports.
scrapping of the tanker "Knock Nevis"
But the increase in deadweight also has a negative side: due to excessive draft supertankers access to some seas, passage through straits and canals is closed, which greatly limits their possibilities.
As a rule, oil is shipped on the roadstead in oil terminals using oil pipelines or lighters. To reduce the viscosity and facilitate the unloading process, heating pipes are installed between the tanks.
Oil poses a serious threat to the ocean environment. In 1973, within the framework of the Maritime Consultative Organization, an international convention was adopted, which defined the design for all types of tankers... Separate cargo tanks oil tankers should not exceed 30,000 cubic meters Tankers should have a double hull and technical devices to improve the maneuverability of the vessel.
Knock Nevis (formerly also called Seawise Giant, Happy Giant and Jahre Viking) is a Norwegian-flagged supertanker. Its dimensions: 458 meters long and 69 meters wide, make it the largest ship in the world.
Built between 1979 and 1981, today it is used as a floating oil storage facility. Characteristics Knock Nevis has a deadweight of 564,763 tons, which is 658,362 m³ (4.1 million barrels) of oil.
The length of the tanker is 458.45 meters, the width is 68.86 meters, the draft in cargo is 24.61 meters. The maximum speed is 13 knots, the crew of the vessel is 40 people. The stopping distance of the ship is 10.2 kilometers, and the circulation diameter is more than 3.7 kilometers.
The draft at full load does not allow the vessel to pass not only the Suez and Panama Canals, but also the English Channel.
History
The supertanker was built in Japan in the city of Yokosuka by Sumitomo Corporation by order of the Greek ship owner. However, the still unfinished ship was purchased by the Hong Kong shipowner Tung Chao Yung.
It was built at number 1016, and the owner was given the name Seawise Giant. The new owner ordered an increase in the vessel. The ship was cut and extended, adding additional hull sections to increase the deadweight from the original 480,000 tons to a record 564,763 tons.
Initially, the ship cruised between the Middle East and the United States, but in 1986 it began to be used as a floating terminal for the storage and transshipment of Iranian oil during the Iran-Iraq war. In May 1988, the ship was attacked and badly damaged by Iraqi aircraft. After the end of the war, the ship, towed to Brunei, was bought by the Norwegian company KS-company.
The ship was repaired in Singapore and renamed Happy Giant. However, in 1991, even before the completion of the repairs, the KS-company came under the control of the Norwegian ship-owning company Jørgen Jahre, so the tanker left the shipyard under the name Jahre Viking. KS-company was later bought by Norwegian ship owner Fred Olsen for his company First Olsen Tankers.
Following the adoption in the United States and Europe of laws prohibiting the use of single-walled tankers, the so-called single-hull tankers (the Knock Nevis is only 3.5 centimeters thick), in March 2004 the ship at the docks of Dubai was converted into a “floating storage unit”.
At the same time, he once again changed his name to the modern Knock Nevis. Now the ship is permanently located as an oil storage in the area of the Al-Shahim oil field in Qatar.
Characteristics of the vessel
Tanker type.
Flag State Norway.
Launched 1976.
Current status Floating storage unit.
Displacement 825 614 tons.
Length 458 m.
Width 68.86 m.
Power plant Turbines with a total capacity of 50,000 liters. from.
Speed 13 knots.
Crew of 40 people.
Cargo capacity is 564 763 tons.
The tanker, best known as Knock Nevis, was the most big ship ever built by humanity. During its existence, this supergiant has changed several names: Seawise Giant, Happy Giant, Jahre Viking, Knock Nevis, Mont. Moreover, he managed to change not only the name, but also the dimensions, as well as the scope of its application.
The order for the construction of the largest tanker in the world was received by Japanese shipyards in 1974. And five years later, in 1979, a giant ship was launched, striking in its size. But the Greek ship owner, apparently, did not find this enough. And he ordered an increase in the size of the tanker. After that, the Seawise Giant (as it was then called) was cut in half, and additional sections were added in the middle.
As a result, the dimensions of the world's largest ship took the following values: length - 458.45 meters, width - 68.86 meters, weight of the transported cargo - 564,763 tons, weight of the vessel itself - 81,879 tons, rudder weight - 230 tons, propeller weight - 50 tons.
As it turned out later, these figures became not only a plus, but also a minus of this giant. When fully loaded, the tanker was submerged 29.8 meters under water (approximately the height of a nine-story building). Just compare two photos, the first one is loaded, the second one is empty.
In good weather, the ship could accelerate to 30 km / h, but in this case, it would take about 9 kilometers to come to a complete stop. And just make a U-turn for such a ship gigantic It was not easy, the turning radius without the help of tugs was 3.2 km.
In 1981, after finishing all the work to increase the size, Seawise Giant finally began to work off the money invested in it. His route ran from oil fields in the Middle East to the United States and back. However, the Iran-Iraq war that was taking place at that time made its own adjustments in the life of the tanker. Since 1986, the vessel has been used as a floating terminal for the storage and further transshipment of Iranian oil. But this did not save the ship, on May 14, 1988, an Iraqi fighter attacked the Seawise Giant. The tanker received significant damage, lost all the oil on board (it should be noted that the thickness of the sides at giant ship was only 3.5 cm, nothing else separated thousands of tons of oil from the surrounding sea world) and was out of order for three years.
During the repair, the ship was replaced with 3,700 tons of damaged steel and the name was changed for the first time. Seawise Giant turned into Happy Giant. However, even before the completion of the restoration work, the owner of the tanker changed, for $ 39 million it was bought by a Norwegian company. Therefore, the docks of Singapore (where, in fact, the repairs took place), the ship left under the name Jahre Viking.
The next changes in the life of the giant ship happened in 2004. The United States and Europe passed laws prohibiting the use of single-walled tankers to transport oil, and the largest ship in the world was out of work. Jahre Viking was renamed Knock Nevis and since then has been used as a floating oil storage facility.
ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Oil Carrier) Knock Nevis was designed by the Japanese company Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd. (SHI) in 1974 and built at the Oppama shipyard in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture. At the time of construction, the vessel had a maximum length of 376.7 meters, a width of 68.9 meters and a side height of 29.8 meters. Its deadweight was 418 610 tons. The tanker was driven by a Sumitomo Stal-Laval AP steam turbine with a capacity of 37,300 kW at 85 rpm. A 4-blade constant-pitch propeller with a diameter of 9.3 meters was supposed to provide the tanker with a speed of 16 knots (29.6 km / h). On September 4, 1975, the tanker was solemnly launched. For a long time the vessel had no name and was named according to the building number of the hull - vessel No. 1016. During the factory sea trials, an extremely strong vibration of the body was revealed when the machine was running in reverse. This became the reason for the refusal of the Greek shipowners to accept the vessel. The refusal, in turn, led to lengthy litigation between builders and customers. In the end, the Greek company went bankrupt, and in March 1976 the ship was taken over by SHI and named Oppama.
SHI, using its legal right of ownership, sold Oppama to Hong Kong's Orient Overseas Line, owned by tycoon C.Y. Tung, who commissioned the shipyard to rebuild the tanker. It was planned to add a cylindrical insert to increase the vessel's deadweight by 156,000 tons. The refitting work ended two years later, in 1981, and the refurbished vessel was handed over to a shipowner under the name Seawise Giant and raised the Liberian flag.
As a result of the restructuring, the maximum length of the vessel was 458.45, the draft for the summer load line was 24.611 meters, and the deadweight increased to a record 564 763 tons (according to the classification society Det Norske Veritas). The number of cargo tanks increased to 46, and the main deck area was 31,541 square meters. meter. After the restructuring, the monster had a displacement of 657,018 metric tons at full load, which, together with its size, made the Seawise Giant the largest ship ever to sail on Earth. True, the speed dropped to 13 knots. The sediment of the Seawise Giant made the Suez and Panama Canals and the Pas-de-Calais impassable for him.
The vessel was intended and used to transport crude oil from the Middle East to the United States around the Cape of Good Hope. During one such voyage during the Iran-Iraq War, on May 14, 1986, the tanker was attacked by an Iraqi fighter jet. The Seawise Giant followed the Strait of Hormuz with a cargo of Iranian crude oil. The Exocet anti-ship missile struck the tanker on the port side amidships. An uncontrolled fire broke out on the ship and the crew left him. 3 people were killed. The tanker ran aground near the Iranian island of Larak and was declared sunken.
Immediately after the end of the Gulf War, the sunken Seawise Giant was bought by the Norwegian company Norman International, most likely for reasons of prestige, raised and renamed Happy Giant. After the ascent, in August 1988, he raised the Norwegian flag and was towed to Singapore, where he underwent renovation work at the Keppel Company shipyard. In particular, about 3.7 thousand tons of hull structures were replaced. Prior to entering service in October 1991, ULCC was sold to the Norwegian shipping company Loki Stream AS, owned by Jørgen Jahre, for USD 39 million and left the shipyard under the new name Jahre Viking.
After the adoption of laws prohibiting the entry of tankers without double hulls into US and European ports in 2004, Jahre Viking once again changed its owner and name. In March of the same year, it was bought by the Norwegian company First Olsen Tankers Pte. Ltd. and renamed to Knock Nevis. From that moment on, his career as a transport ship ended. In Dubai, the ULCC was converted into a Floating Production Storage & Offloading (FPSO) crude oil storage tanker and anchored in the offshore Al Shaheed oil field off the coast of Qatar.
By 2010, the Knock Nevis had reached its end of life. It was sold to Amber Development Corporation for recycling. The new owner renamed Knock Nevis Mont and raised the Sierra Leone flag on it. In December 2009, he made his last crossing to the shores of India. On January 4, 2010, Mont was washed ashore near the Indian city of Alang, Gujarat, where its hull was cut into metal for a year.
One of the giant's 36-ton anchors has been preserved and is now on display at the Hong Kong Maritime Museum.