Ruins of ancient buildings and piers. Vyborg Bay. Ruins of ancient buildings and piers Finnish names of the islands of the Vyborg Bay
Vyborg Bay (Finnish: Viipurinlahti, Swedish: Viborgska viken) is a bay protruding deeply into the shore in the northern part of the Gulf of Finland. Baltic Sea. The bay ends at the city of Vyborg in the northernmost part, connecting through the Saimaa Canal with the system of inland lakes in Finland. It got its name from the city of Vyborg.
In the waters of the Vyborg Bay there are dozens of islands - both large and small.
The entrance to the bay is blocked by ¾ of the width by the long and narrow Kieperort peninsula. On the other side of the peninsula, the bay widens greatly towards the southeast and is covered with many islands; in the Tronzund Strait (Finnish Uuras or Swedish Trangsund - a narrow strait) between the islands of Vysotsky and Krepysh, large ships stop at anchor to load and unload, and smaller ones pass all the way to Vyborg and further, to the entrance to the Saimaa Canal.
To the west of the Vyborg Bay, a strip of real skerries begins. In the northern part of the bay is the Lohaniemi Peninsula.
One of the most romantic hikes on sailing yacht, hike along the Vyborg Bay. During the hike you can visit many islands, get acquainted with the history of these beautiful places, see the remains of fortresses and military installations different years. There are rarely strong winds in the waters of Vyborg Bay, since numerous islands with their vegetation create natural barriers for it. The water is clean, but tastes a little salty; you can cook food, but tea and coffee take on a peculiar taste of sea salt.
The coast of the Gulf of Finland, together with numerous islands, stretching from Primorsk to the Russian-Finnish border is called the Vyborg skerries. The word "skerries" is of Swedish origin. This is what they call cut coastline seas or lakes with groups of small rocky islands. Skerries are typical for Scandinavian countries.
The Vyborg Bay is part of the Gulf of Finland, as if embedded deep into the continent. Through the Saimaa Canal, the waters of the bay communicate with the system of inland lakes in Finland. The water here is less salty than in the Gulf of Finland: it is diluted by fresh springs. The waters of the Vyborg Bay are replete with islands. Some are so large that entire settlements can easily be accommodated on them, for example the island of Tverdysh, on which part of Vyborg is located. Many and small ones. Vyborg Bay is a shipping zone and is popular among owners of small vessels. Large vessels, heading to Vyborg sea port, as well as to the ports of Vysotsk and Primorsk, you have to move along a complex fairway, maneuvering between numerous islands.
From Vyborg to Primorsk
As a result of the Northern War of 1700-1721, the territory of the Karelian Isthmus was annexed to Russia. Later, the Vyborg province became part of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland.
Recently, Vyborg, the only city in Russia with preserved medieval architecture and unique monuments of northern modernism, has become the last outpost of free visits in the North-West of the region: once you cross the Saimaa Canal, the border zone begins. During the perestroika years, the city gained a lot, but also lost a lot.
The Vyborg skerries seem to be divided by Vyborg into two almost equal parts: the city is the “deepest” point of the Vyborg Bay. To the west, the least developed coastal areas stretch all the way to the border. And from ancient Viipuri to Primorsk the line of Vyborg skerries is called the Golden Coast..
If you move from Vyborg towards Primorsk, then along the way you will meet settlements that had a variety of “specializations” in Soviet times, which have survived to this day. There is a tuberculosis sanatorium in Sokolinskoye. Zimino is a recreation center of the Vyborg Shipyard.
Vysotsk is a city of maritime border guards, a traditional plein air children's art school and the last refuge of Stanislav Rostotsky. Uuransaari Island (now Vysotsky Island) was recaptured by Peter I during the Northern War. By order of the emperor, the construction of fortifications began here, the remains of which have survived to this day.
The village of Sovetsky is the Vyborg pulp mill and the business pier of LUKOIL. The plant itself was built by the Finns in the late twenties of the last century. When its reconstruction was required, the Finns and Swedes again came to the rescue.
Landyshevka is the estate of a branch of the famous Nobels. Glebychevo and Pribylovo. In the area of Glebychev and further to Primorsk, the fortifications of the Mannerheim Line are perfectly preserved.
To this day, on the islands of the Vyborg Bay you can find the remains of military fortifications, foundations of old buildings, stone roads, and good-quality berths. The island part of the bay attracts a huge number of tourists and local historians. The local population has maintained the tradition of picking mushrooms and berries on the islands. The islands attract lovers of sea travel on boats and yachts. Vyborg skerries are a place of pilgrimage for fishermen. They catch pike, pike perch, bream, perch, roach, rudd, and eel. Baltic salmon comes across.
The proximity to the capital of the empire left its mark on the composition of landowners, the appearance, way of life and life of Vyborg estates. Their owners were representatives of the highest nobility Russian Empire and those close to the imperial court. In the 18th century, new estate construction began, adopting the motif of expensive decorations and interiors of St. Petersburg. An example is the Monrepos estate.
Kaislahti. translated from Finnish means “Reed Bay”. In the 30s of the 17th century, a German officer, quartermaster Gerhard Leffe took possession of the empty lands of a disabled cavalryman.
Now the only reminders of the former Kaislahti manor are the old birch alley and the ruins of a brick factory, a steam sawmill, a stable and a cowshed. Since 1948, Kaislahti has become the Soviet village of Popovo.
Sahlgren's estate. On Boat Island (formerly called “Russian”) it is still perfectly preserved.
Nobel estate. In 1894 southern part Ala Kiriola (now Landyshevka) was acquired by Edla Nobel, the widow of Ludwig Nobel. On the contrary, on the island, two hundred meters from the shore, a garden was laid out, later called Doctor’s.
Coordinates: 59°53′ N. w. 26°06′ E. d. / 59.883333° s. w. 26.1° east d. ... Wikipedia
In the eastern part of the Baltic Sea, between the USSR in the east and south and Finland in the north. The area is about 30 thousand km2. Length 390 km, width at the entrance 70 km, greatest 130 km (near Narva). North the coast is heavily indented, rocky, with many islands... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Fin. Suomenlahti, est. Soome laht, Swedish. Finska viken ... Wikipedia
The eastern part of the Baltic Sea, protruding deeply into the mainland. In the northeast, the bay washes Finland and partly the S. Petersburg province, and from the east and south the provinces of St. Petersburg and Estland. The line connecting Cape Gangaeudd is considered to be the western sea border of the bay... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron
The Black River originates from the confluence of two rivers, Roshchinka and Gladyshevka. Length 4 km. It flows into the Gulf of Finland, forming a wide shallow bay. There are perches, roaches, salmon and trout. On the right bank is the village of Molodezhnoe, on the left... ... Wikipedia
- (Finnish Viipurin lääni, Swedish Viborgs län) administrative territorial unit within the Russian Empire from 1744 to 1917. In 1719-1744 there was a Vyborg province of St. Petersburg province. In 1812 it was transferred to ... Wikipedia
Russian-Swedish War (1788 1790) ... Wikipedia
Soviet-Finnish War 1939-1940 (Winter War)- Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940 (Soviet-Finnish War, in Finland known as the Winter War) armed conflict between the USSR and Finland from November 30, 1939 to March 12, 1940. Its reason was the desire of the Soviet... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
IN There are many islands, large and small, in the Gulf of Finland...
However, only a few will be able to name any islands other than Kotlin Island, on which Kronstadt is located. At the same time, there are very interesting and beautiful islands.
1. Kotlin Island
The most famous, most important and most populated island in the Gulf of Finland. The length of the island is about 12 km, the maximum width is less than 3 km, the area is about 16 square meters. km. The island is connected to the mainland by a road passing through a complex of flood protection structures (Dambe). On part of the island is the city of Kronstadt.
The island is located on the legendary routes “from the Varangians to the Greeks” and “from the Varangians to the Arabs”, and is mentioned in the 1269 agreement between Novgorod and the Hansa. The city that stood on this site was at least 500 years older than St. Petersburg. And given that the contract stated that ships would be reloaded on the island, “as it was in ancient times,” the city was much older. Subsequently, arriving merchants waited on the island for pilots from Novgorod, who led trade caravans across the Neva and Volkhov to Ilmen.
There is a legend according to which the Swedes, when landing on the Russian island, hastily fled, leaving a pot on the fire. This legendary bowler hat is depicted on the coat of arms of Kronstadt. The name Kotlin supposedly comes from the word “boiler”. According to another legend, Kotlin was named so because on old maps the neck of the Gulf of Finland east of the island resembled a cauldron.
On an islet dumped on the shallows south of Kotlin Island, Peter I founded Fort Kronshlot in 1703, which blocked the main fairway leading to the mouth of the Neva, where the new capital of the empire, St. Petersburg, was being built for a potential enemy. On May 7, 1704, the fortifications, which included two batteries on Kotlin Island, came into operation (the date of the founding of Kronstadt).
In 1723, a fortress was founded on Kotlin and given the name Kronstadt. Peter I considered Kronstadt part of the capital.
1. Gogland Island
This small granite island, located in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland, is one of the most famous islands Gulf of Finland. Gogland is located 180 km west of St. Petersburg. Its area is about 21 square meters. km, height - up to 176 m.
The basis of the island is granite, which forms many different-sized hills and valleys, where small fresh lakes glacial origin. The entire coastline is indented with hundreds of bays of all shapes and sizes.
Although the island is considered one of the most dangerous places for shipping in the Baltic, local residents have long been considered excellent sailors and were willingly hired as sailors on sailing ships.
The nature of Gogland is rich and diverse. There are about 700 species of vascular plants alone (for comparison, the same number of species in the Leningrad and Pskov regions, which are tens of times larger than Gogland). Almost 80% of the island's territory is covered with coniferous and small-leaved forests. The foot of the rocks is covered with blueberries, raspberries, alpine currant and juniper bushes.
The fauna is represented by 25 species of beetles, 6 species of amphibians and reptiles, 126 species of birds (a quarter are listed in the Red Book of Nature of the Leningrad Region). As for mammals, their composition is unknown because it is constantly changing. Here they often see shrews and various mice, sometimes white hares, squirrels and foxes, European mink, and raccoon dogs.
Gogland is a Mecca for archaeologists and historians. Stone Age human sites, medieval pirates, the Battle of Hogland, envoys of Peter the Great, the death of "Lefort", "America", the Struve meridian, Popov's radio communication session in 1900, 300 years of wars, endless fortifications and dozens of sunken ships, battles of World War II, constant a change of owners, which ended only in 1947 with the return of the island home to Russia.
2. Transund Archipelago
The island is located in the Vyborg Bay; for a long time it was known only to history buffs and radio amateurs. Previously there was a Finnish artillery battery.
At the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries, Alexander Popov tested his wireless telegraph on the islands of the archipelago, and from 1963 to 2012, Maly Vysotsky Island was leased from Finland. During this period, specialized expeditions to Maly Vysotsky, which did not belong to Finland, but temporarily did not belong to Russia, were popular among radio amateurs, and where a special call sign was used for communication sessions.
3. Sommers
Peter the Great gave this rocky island to his jester Jan Lacoste along with the mocking title of “Samoyed King”. It is located in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland.
The next time the island made its mark in Russian history was during the Great Patriotic War, and this happened under very tragic circumstances. In June 1942, Sommers, captured by Finnish troops, was recklessly landed by amphibious assault. The desperate battle lasted for three days, but the poor planning of the operation prevailed over the steadfastness and courage of the Soviet soldiers. Of the one and a half thousand Red Navy men who landed on this piece of land, none survived. The island was only liberated after Finland left the war in 1944.
4. Moshchny Island
It's pretty big Island. It used to be densely populated. Now on the island there is only a small border post with a radio technical post and a post for illuminating the surface and underwater situation of the Leningrad naval base.
5. Big Tyuters and Small Tyuters
The two islands are located in the central part of the Gulf of Finland. There are lighthouses on both islands; the attendants are the only inhabitants of the islands. On Maly Tyuters there is a ringed seal.
Bolshoi Tyuters has long been known as the “island of death.” During the Second World War, the Germans mined it; in subsequent years, several attempts were made to clear the island of mines, but only the last seventh was successful. In 2005, Russian and Swedish specialists neutralized more than 30 thousand explosive objects. There are lighthouses on both islands, and members of the staff are the only inhabitants of Tyuters, with the exception of the ringed seal, which is very common on Maly.
6. Fox Island
One of the calmest and greenest islands, lost in Klyuchevskaya Bay of the Vyborg region. Beautiful forests with plenty of mushrooms and berries have been preserved here, as well as clean shores along which all kinds of fish swim and spawn.
This is perhaps one of the calmest and greenest islands of all those listed. There are no conservation restrictions and the island is a fairly popular vacation spot for those who have a boat.
7. Virgin Islands
The Gulf of Finland has its own Virgin Islands. These are practically namesakes Virgin Islands that are located in the Caribbean Sea. South Virgin is especially interesting: it contains a mysterious round labyrinth of pebbles, built by ancient people.
This labyrinth is called Paris: some say that in honor of the intricate streets of Paris, others say that this name comes from the Swedish word Paris, that is, church parish, and reflects the sacred essence of this place.
More information about the islands on the website
On the other side of the peninsula, the bay widens greatly towards the southeast and is covered with many islands; in the Trongsund Strait (Finnish Uuras or Swedish Trångsund - narrow strait) between the islands of Vysotsky and Krepysh, large ships stop at anchor to load and unload, and smaller ones pass all the way to Vyborg and further, to the entrance to the Saimaa Canal.
To the west of the Vyborg Bay, a strip of real skerries begins. In the northern part of the bay is the Lohaniemi Peninsula. Zashchitnaya Bay is distinguished by the Gvardeysky and Tverdysh islands in the northern part of the bay.
| Vyborg Bay | |
|---|---|
| Characteristics | |
| Bay type | bay |
| Location | |
| 60°42′27″ n. w. 28°43′06″ E. d. | |
| Higher water area | Baltic Sea |
| A country | |
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Leningrad region |
| Area | Vyborg district |
Vyborg Bay |
|
Vyborg Bay |
|
Notes
Björk landing operationBjork landing operation June 20 - 25, 1944 - a landing operation of the Soviet Baltic Fleet to capture the islands of the Bjork archipelago during the Vyborg-Petrozavodsk operation in the Great Patriotic War.
Voytyuk, Ivan DenisovichIvan Denisovich Voytyuk (November 9, 1911, Volynka, Tomsk Province, Russian Empire - July 4, 1944, Vyborg Bay, Leningrad Region, USSR) - Soviet journalist, war correspondent for the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper, writer.
Vseslav (battleship)"Vseslav" is a 74-gun sailing battleship of the Russian Baltic Fleet. One of nineteen ships of the Yaroslav class. It was laid down on September 19 (30), 1782 at the Solombala shipyard in Arkhangelsk, and launched on May 12 (23), 1784. Construction was carried out by shipwright Mikhail Dmitrievich Portnov.
The ship took part in the war with Sweden of 1788-1790 and the war with France of 1792-1797.
Vyborg naval battleThe Vyborg naval battle is a battle during the Russian-Swedish War (1788-1790), which took place on June 22 (July 3), 1790 in the Vyborg Bay of the Baltic Sea. The Swedish fleet under the command of King Gustav III of Sweden and Grand Admiral Prince Charles, Duke of Södermanland, blocked in the northern part of the bay by two squadrons of the Russian Baltic Fleet under the overall command of Admiral Vasily Chichagov, barely broke through the encirclement and retreated to Sveaborg, suffering heavy losses - 7 linear ships, 3 frigates, 4-5 thousand (according to some estimates - 6-7 thousand) personnel.
The Battle of Vyborg immediately preceded the Second Battle of Rochensalm on June 28 (July 9), 1790, which ended in a catastrophic defeat of the Russian fleet and forced Russia to end the almost won war with Sweden on status quo terms.
Gorokhovka (river, flows into the Gulf of Finland)Gorokhovka (Finnish: Rokkalanjoki) is a river in Russia, flowing through the territory of the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers - Aleksandrovka and Kamyshovka; the length of Gorokhovka and Aleksandrovka is 30 km. The general direction of the Gorokhovka flow is to the west. The villages of Chernichnoe and Tokarevo are located on the river, and it flows into the Vyborg Bay in the village of Sovetsky.
Drema (river)Drema, Korpelanjoki - a river in Russia, flows in the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region. The river flows into the Vyborg Bay in the Malaya Guba Bay area. The length of the river is 18 km, the drainage basin area is 45.7 km².
ProtectiveProtective Bay is a bay located on the edge of Vyborg Bay in the Leningrad Region Russian Federation, entirely within the city of Vyborg.
The bay is connected to the rest of the bay by the Fortress Strait and the Gvardeysky Strait, which separate the islands of Gvardeysky and Tverdysh. The Vyborg Bay itself is part of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea. On the shore of the bay there is a rocky landscape park called Mon Repos, and on the Castle Island in the Fortress Strait is the Vyborg Castle.
In the Middle Ages, a branch of the Vuoksa River flowed into the Protective Bay, which gradually dried up. It completely dried out by 1857. Built in 1845, the Saimaa Canal was opened as a replacement in 1856. It connects the Protective Bay with Novinsky Bay. Until 1944, the Finnish name “Suomenvedenpohja” (Finnish Suomenvedenpohja, “north of the waters of the Gulf of Finland”) was used, but after the Soviet-Finnish wars the bay received modern name. Translation of the old name - “ North Bay" - sometimes used as a common name for Protective Bay and Raduga Bay.
KiperortKiperort is a peninsula on the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, in the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region, in the western part of the Karelian Isthmus. The northern part of the peninsula is occupied by the protected area “Vyborg State Natural Complex Reserve”.
Cyrus John (battleship, 1786)"Cyrus John" is a 74-gun sailing battleship of the Russian Baltic Fleet. One of nineteen ships of the Yaroslav class. It was laid down on June 20 (July 1), 1785 at the Solombala shipyard in Arkhangelsk, launched on May 14 (25), 1786. Construction was carried out by shipwright Mikhail Dmitrievich Portnov.
The ship took part in the war with Sweden in 1788-1790 and with France in 1792-1797.
Nikolaev, Nikolai Ivanovich (Hero of the Soviet Union)Nikolai Ivanovich Nikolaev (1914-1944) - guard captain of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, participant in the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union (1944).
Pobedoslav"Pobedoslav" is a 74-gun sailing battleship of the Russian Baltic Fleet. One of four ships of the Tsar Constantine class. It was laid down on January 26 (February 6), 1777 at the St. Petersburg Admiralty, launched on June 26 (July 7), 1782. Construction was carried out by shipwrights V. Selyaninov and I. V. Yames. When the ship was launched, Catherine II was present, who gave the ship the name “Simon Relative of the Lord,” but in the lists it was listed as “Pobedoslav.”
The ship took part in the war with Sweden of 1788-1790.
Breaking through the Mannerheim LineBreaking through the Mannerheim Line (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Summa) was an offensive operation of Soviet troops during the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940 with the goal of breaking through the Mannerheim Line and further advancing towards Finland.
Svyatoslav (battleship, 1781)Svyatoslav is a 66-gun sailing battleship of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Empire. One of the Asia-class ships. It was laid down in 1776 in Arkhangelsk and launched in 1781. During his service, he took part in ensuring “armed neutrality” and the Russian-Swedish war of 1788-90. Dismantled in Kronstadt after 1800.
Seleznyovka (river)Seleznyovka (Finnish: Rakkolanjoki) is a river in the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region and Finland. Length - 53 km (in Russian territory - 20 km), drainage basin area - 623 km², average slope - 0.94 m/km (in the Russian part 1.27 m/km). The source is near the Finnish city of Lappenranta, the mouth is in the Vyborg Bay of the Gulf of Finland.
Seleznyovskoe rural settlement (Leningrad region)Seleznyovskoe rural settlement - municipality as part of the Vyborg district of the Leningrad region. The center is the village of Seleznevo.