Torpedo boat "Komsomolets": made in Tyumen. Torpedo boat "Komsomolets" Torpedo boat project 123 Komsomolets
The lead boat "Komsomolets" of Project 123 was laid down on July 30, 1939 at the shipyard of the Leningrad Shipyard No. 194 named after. Comrade A. Marty. Launched on May 16, 1940, entered service on October 25 of the same year, and was commissioned on March 12, 1941 Black Sea Fleet . The Komsomolets torpedo boat was intended for torpedoing enemy ships and for setting up smoke screens. Back in the summer of 1940, when Komsomolets was still undergoing factory tests, its design underwent serious alterations. The TsKB-19 design group V.M. took on the task of modifying the ship. Burlakova. First of all, the anti-aircraft weapons were strengthened; instead of one heavy-caliber DShK machine gun, four were installed on a pedestal mount (two each in twin turret mounts). At the same time, the ship's displacement increased by 3 tons, and the speed decreased from 51 knots to 46–48. The caliber of torpedo tubes was also reduced from 533 to 450 mm, now designed for 45-36-NU torpedoes. "Komsomolets" was a boat of a completely new design, significantly different from the serial torpedo boats of the G-5 and D-3 types, and superior to them in a number of combat qualities. Unlike the old wooden ones, the new boat had a duralumin hull 18.7 m long and 3.4 m wide (divided by waterproof bulkheads into five compartments). A hollow keel beam ran along the entire length of the hull, which served as a keel. In addition, along the sides below the waterline there were additional side keels that reduced pitching. Two Packard-type aircraft engines with a power of 2400 hp. With. (instead of GAM-34-F with a power of 1000 hp) provided the boat with a speed of up to 48 knots (86 km/h). The motors were located longitudinally in the hull, one after the other, so that the length of the left propeller shaft was 12.2 m, and the right - 10. The main armament consisted of two 450-mm torpedo tubes, which, unlike previous types of boats, were tubular and not guttered. The serial Komsomolets boats were armed with four 12.7-mm heavy-caliber DShK machine guns mounted in two twin UK-2 mounts (on the XIII series boats of later construction they were replaced by two mounts with 20-mm ShVAK automatic cannons), as well as six large depth charges. Smoke equipment was installed on the boat (device DA-7 with a capacity of 40 liters). Changes in the design resulted in good seaworthiness of the new boat; it could use its weapons and sail at maximum speed in seas up to force 3, inclusive. Unlike other domestically built torpedo boats, the Komsomolets boat received an armored deckhouse (made of 7 mm thick sheet). During the Great Patriotic War, the Project 123 torpedo boat was further modified. The changes affected mainly production technology. The hull structure was also strengthened and a number of minor improvements were made. Instead of one engine, they installed two, and although the boat’s displacement increased by 5 tons, the speed remained the same - 48 knots. In November 1943, the Tyumen Shipyard (shipbuilding plant No. 639) delivered to the fleet the lead boat of the Komsomolets type of a new project, designated “123-bis”. It entered service in August 1944, when the war was moving further and further to the west. Project 123-bis torpedo boats were built with voluntary contributions from Soviet people, and therefore some of them, in addition to numbers, received their own names, for example: “Tyumensky Rabochiy”, “Tyumensky Komsomolets”, “Tyumensky Pioneer”, “Rechnik Angara”, “Odessky” patriot”, “Odessa collective farmer”, “Odessa Komsomolets”, “Komsomol of Kazakhstan”, “Artemovets”, “Working Artem”, “Sailor of Dalstroy” and others. Until the end of the war, 30 boats of type 123-bis rolled off the stocks of Tyumen plant No. 639, and in 1946–1953, another 205 such ships were built at shipyard No. 183 in Feodosia (50 of project 123-bis and 155 of project 123-K) . New coastal torpedo boats of the Komsomolets type managed to take an active part in the final battles in the Baltic during the Great Patriotic War. The actions of the maneuverable and fast Komsomols against German convoys turned out to be very successful. These torpedo boats fully demonstrated their high combat qualities in the spring of 1945, when units of the Red Army were already completing the defeat of Nazi troops, advancing towards Berlin with heavy fighting. Soviet from the sea ground troops covered the ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, and the entire burden of hostilities in the waters of the southern Baltic fell on the shoulders of the crews of submarines, naval aviation and torpedo boats. Trying to preserve ports in East Prussia for as long as possible to evacuate retreating troops, German troops made frantic attempts to dramatically increase the number of search, strike and patrol groups of boats. These measures significantly aggravated the situation in the Baltic, and then to help current forces The Red Banner Baltic Fleet was transferred to the 3rd division of torpedo boats "Komsomolets". On the night of April 21, 1945, the search for enemy ships in the area of the Hel Spit was carried out by a detachment of boats under the command of Lieutenant Commander P. Efimenko. The Soviet boats were moving at the slowest speed. This masked, but also required iron restraint and self-control from the crews. And then P. Efimenko decided to go deep into the Danzig Bay - to the mouth of the Vistula. At that time, the boatmen were given only one task: to find and sink enemy ships, which continued to intensively transfer troops by sea. Finally, three German fast landing barges (LGBs) with strong artillery armament were discovered. Five patrol boats followed them at a short distance. However, the attack had to be postponed because it could have been the vanguard of a large convoy. And in this case, the intuition and calculation of Lieutenant Commander P. Efimenko turned out to be correct. In the pre-dawn twilight a caravan appeared. It consisted of an extremely overloaded transport, escorted by several destroyers, patrol boats and torpedo boats. Closing the marching order were two more high-speed landing barges. Having distributed the targets, the detachment commander gave the order to attack. The first to go forward was the boat TK-135 of Senior Lieutenant A. Aksenov and immediately fired a salvo from both torpedo tubes. Following him, with a slight delay, the boat TK-133 “Working Artem”, captain-lieutenant V. Solodovnikov, discharged the torpedo tubes. Several seconds passed, and a deafening double explosion was heard behind the boats: the torpedoes hit the target - the German destroyer Z-34 received serious damage. Further actions of Aksenov and Solodovnikov were almost automatic - turning the boats around, setting up a smoke screen and leaving with afterburner. However, this time the Soviet boats were unlucky: when leaving the battle, an enemy shell hit the TK-135’s engine compartment, and its engines immediately stalled. He lost his speed, but soon help arrived. Under heavy fire from enemy guns, another boat TK-131 “Rechnik Angara” of Lieutenant N. Korotkevich, covering A. Aksenov’s “Komsomolets” with a smoke screen, took the damaged boat in tow and began to take it out of the battle. However, a German patrol ship, converted from a fishing vessel, fired all its guns and blocked the path of the Soviet torpedo boats. And immediately both boats opened fire on the enemy from large-caliber machine guns. Soon the German patrol boat caught fire, followed by an explosion, and after a few minutes only its fragments remained on the surface of the water. The path to their base was open for torpedo boats. In 1995, at the Almaz shipbuilding plant in St. Petersburg, which specialized in the construction and repair of high-speed boats for the Federal Border Service and Navy Russia, especially for the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War at Poklonnaya Hill In Moscow, a full-size model of the Project 123-bis boat was built according to original drawings. It was given a side number in honor of the honored torpedo boat "TK-131".
Length – 18.7 m Width – 3.4 m Draft – 1.2 m Standard displacement – 20.5 tons Full displacement – 23 tons Maximum speed – 48 knots Cruising speed – 28.8 knots Power: internal gasoline aircraft engine Combustion "Packard" - 2x1200 hp. Cruising range - 345 miles Armament: Air defense artillery - 2 twin installations of 12.7 mm DShK heavy machine guns (later 2 installations of 20 mm ShVAK cannons) Anti-submarine weapons - 2 tray bomb releasers; – 6 M-1 depth charges;
Apparatus with smoke mixture DA-7 with a capacity of 40 liters
Torpedo and mine armament - torpedo tubes - 2x450 Navigation autonomy - 36 hours Crew - 7 people.
Designed by a group of designers from plant No. 194 named after Andre Marty under the leadership of chief designer P.I. Taptygin in 1939 and were intended to conduct torpedo attacks in cramped coastal areas.
The boat's hull is made of duralumin with shaped contours in the bow and a straight transom stern. In the bottom, along the entire length of the hull, there was a hollow beam, which played the role of a keel. Along the sides, in the middle part of the hull, below the waterline, there were flat side keels that reduced pitching. The distance between the frames in the bow (spacing) was 20 cm, and in the stern - 25 cm. The deck was straight in the stern with slight bevels at the sides for better drainage of water, and sloping with a slight rise in its level in the bow of the hull. In the middle of the hull there was a closed wheelhouse with observation glasses. Control devices were installed inside the wheelhouse: a steering wheel, an engine telegraph, two tachometers (one per engine), drives for gas control throttles, a magnetic compass, a tablet with maps, and an automatic firing box for launching torpedoes.
Unsinkability was ensured by dividing the hull with waterproof bulkheads into 5 compartments:
- Forepeak;
- Motor;
- Management;
- Fuel;
- Afterpeak.
The power plant is mechanical, two-shaft with two domestic gasoline aviation engines GAM-34F of 1000 hp each. each with reverse gearboxes, with a maximum rotation speed of up to 1850 rpm. The boat's full speed could be used for no more than an hour. The maximum engine speed during combat training operations was allowed no more than 1600 rpm. A working motor started in 6-8 seconds. after switching on. The maximum permissible speed in reverse is 1200. The engine operating time in reverse is 3 minutes. B-70 gasoline was used as fuel. After 150 hours of operation, the new engine required a complete overhaul.
The armament of the boats consisted of:
- Of 2 BS-7 torpedo tubes for two 533 mm torpedoes. Torpedo tubes (TA) are grips for torpedoes (mines), similar to the grips used in military aviation for hanging ammunition under the fuselage of airplanes and helicopters. For onboard dropping of torpedoes, a galvanic ignition device was used, which consisted of two ignition cartridges installed in the torpedo tube, an electrical wire and a galvanic element (battery) when the circuit was closed, current was supplied to the igniter. The advantage of the TA was that they made it possible to fire a salvo from a stop.
- From 1 large-caliber 12.7-mm DShK machine gun with a long barrel of 84.25 caliber, which was located on the roof of the cabin. The fire mode is automatic only, built on the gas principle, and has a muzzle brake. The rate of fire of the installation was 600 rounds/min. with an initial cartridge speed of 850 m/s, firing range up to 3.5 km, ceiling up to 2.4 km. The machine guns are powered by a belt, with 50 rounds per belt. Firing is carried out in bursts of up to 125 rounds, after which cooling is required. The machine gun crew included 2 people. For ease of aiming, a shoulder pad with adjustable shoulder pads is provided. The machine guns had a manual control system with an optical sight. Installation weight - no data.
- Of 4 BM-1 depth charges located in the stern. The total weight of the bomb was 41 kg, and the weight of TNT was 25 kg with a length of 420 mm and a diameter of 252 mm. The immersion speed reached 2.3 m/s, and the damage radius reached 5 meters. The bomb was used for preventive bombing, including for detonating bottom magnetic and acoustic mines from boats and slow-moving ships.
The Shtil-K radio station could operate in telephone mode, had a power of 10-20 W and operated in the range of 75-300 meters with a range of 20 miles.
Construction was carried out at plant No. 194 in Leningrad.
Tactical and technical data of TKA project 123 "Komsomolets"
| Maximum width: | 3.4 meters |
| Full draft: | 1.2 meters |
| Power point: | 2 petrol engines GAM-34F 1000 hp each, 2 propellers, 2 rudders |
| Travel speed: | full 52 knots, economic 17 knots |
| Cruising range: | 345 miles at 17 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 4 points |
| Autonomy: | 1 day |
| Weapons: | . |
| artillery: | 1x1 12.7 mm DShK machine gun |
| torpedo: | 2 rope 533 mm TA |
| anti-submarine: | 1 bomb releaser, 4 BM-1 depth charges |
| radio engineering: | 1 radio station "Shtil-K" |
| navigation: | 1 magnetic compass KI-6 |
| Crew: | 6 people (1 officer) |
The total number of boats built from 1939 to 1940 was 1 unit.
Project 123bis torpedo boats
- this is an improved version of the boats developed by the F.L. group. Liventsev at TsKB-32 in 1942, differed from the previous version in a reinforced hull design, Lend-Lease American Packard gasoline engines, reinforced artillery and updated torpedo armament. The conning tower and machine gun mounts were protected with 7 mm armor.
The power plant is mechanical, two-shaft with two Packard gasoline aircraft engines of 1200 hp each. every. The full speed of the boat reached 48 knots. A working motor started in 5-6 seconds. after switching on.
The armament of the boats consisted of:
- Of 2 single-tube torpedo tubes TTKA-45 for two 457 mm torpedoes. Tube devices provided a more favorable microclimate for the torpedo, which was located in the tube.
- Of 2 twin large-caliber 12.7-mm DShK machine guns with a barrel length of 84.25 caliber, which were located one on the roof of the wheelhouse and one in the stern of the boat. The fire mode is automatic only, built on the gas principle, and has a muzzle brake. The rate of fire of the installation was 600 rounds/min. on the barrel at an initial cartridge speed of 850 m/s, firing range up to 3.5 km, ceiling up to 2.4 km. The machine guns are fed with a belt feed, containing 50 rounds per barrel. Firing is carried out in bursts of up to 125 rounds, after which cooling is required. The machine gun crew included 2 people. For ease of aiming, a shoulder pad with adjustable shoulder pads is provided. The machine guns had a manual control system with an optical sight. Installation weight - no data.
- Of the 6 BM-1 depth charges located in the stern. The total weight of the bomb was 41 kg, and the weight of TNT was 25 kg with a length of 420 mm and a diameter of 252 mm. The immersion speed reached 2.3 m/s, and the damage radius reached 5 meters. The bomb was used for preventive bombing, including for detonating bottom magnetic and acoustic mines from boats and slow-moving ships.
The boats were equipped with DA-7 smoke equipment, which was mounted on the stern and was acidic - they used a C-IV mixture (a solution of sulfur dioxide in chlorosulfonic acid) as a smoke-forming substance, which was supplied to the nozzles using compressed air and sprayed into the atmosphere.
Construction was carried out at plant No. 639 in Tyumen.
The lead boat entered service in 1944.
Tactical and technical data of TKA project 123bis
| Maximum width: | 3.44 meters |
| Full draft: | 0.75 meters |
| Power point: | 2 Packard gasoline engines of 1200 hp each, 2 propellers, 2 rudders |
| Travel speed: | full 48 knots, economic 17 knots |
| Cruising range: | 250 miles at 17 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 4 points |
| Autonomy: | 1 day |
| Weapons: | . |
| artillery: | 2x2 12.7 mm DShK machine guns |
| torpedo: | |
| anti-submarine: | 1 bomb releaser, 6 depth charges BM-1 |
| radio engineering: | 1 radio station "Shtil-K" |
| navigation: | 1 magnetic compass KI-6 |
| chemical: | smoke equipment DA-7 |
| Crew: | 7 people (1 officer) |
A total of 118 boats were built from 1944 to 1955.
Project M-123bis torpedo boats
- this is a modernized version of the boats developed by the group of V.M. Burlakov at TsKB-19 in 1946 and differed from the previous version in the domestic M-50 diesel engines, which were less fire hazardous than Packard gasoline engines.
The power plant is mechanical, two-shaft with two domestic M-50 diesel engines of 900 hp each. each with reverse gears and a maximum rotation speed of 1600 rpm.
The lead boat entered service with the Black Sea Fleet in 1949.
Tactical and technical data of TKA project M-123bis
| Maximum width: | 3.44 meters |
| Full draft: | 0.76 meters |
| Power point: | 2 diesel engines M-50 900 hp each, 2 propellers, 2 rudders |
| Travel speed: | |
| Cruising range: | 500 miles at 17 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 4 points |
| Autonomy: | 1 day |
| Weapons: | . |
| artillery: | 2x2 12.7 mm DShK machine guns |
| torpedo: | 2 single-pipe 457 mm TA TTKA-45 |
| radio engineering: | 1 radio station "Shtil-K" |
| navigation: | 1 magnetic compass KI-6 |
| chemical: | smoke equipment DA-7 |
| Crew: | 7 people (1 officer) |
A total of 50 boats were built from 1949 to 1951.
Project 123K torpedo boats
- this is a corrective version of the boats developed by the group of V.M. Burlakov at TsKB-19 in 1950 and differed from the previous version in that the control of the boat was moved from the wheelhouse to the open bridge, the DA-7 smoke equipment was replaced with smoke bombs - MDSh, and the armor protection of the wheelhouse was removed. In addition, two radars were installed on the boats: state identification "Fakel" and target detection "Zarnitsa" by removing the machine gun mount.
The MDSh naval smoke bomb, adopted for service in 1935, was intended for ships that did not have stationary smoke equipment. A solid smoke mixture based on ammonia and anthracene is used as a smoke generator in the bomb. With a length of 487 mm and a weight of 40-45 kg, its operating time is eight minutes, and the created smoke screen reaches 350 meters in length and 17 meters in height.
Radar "Zarnitsa", designed to detect surface targets and low-flying aircraft. The centimeter wave station with a radiation power of 80 kW was serviced by one operator. The antenna was located on the mast, and the main blocks were located on the deck of the boat. The radar had a detection range destroyer up to 14 km, a minesweeper up to 11 km, a torpedo boat up to 6.3 km, a submarine on the surface up to 5 km, submerged with a raised periscope up to 3.7 km, an aircraft at an altitude of 100–300 meters up to 17–30 km (depending on the flight path). The maximum error in determining coordinates by distance was 255 meters, and by heading angle – 2°. The dead zone is up to 315 meters. The station's range resolution is 157 meters and directional resolution is 20°.
The armament of the boats consisted of:
- Of 2 single-tube torpedo tubes TTKA-45-52 for two 457 mm torpedoes. Tube devices provided a more favorable microclimate for the torpedo, which was located in the tube.
- From 1 coaxial 14.5 mm 2M-5 machine gun with a long barrel of 138 caliber, which was located in the stern of the boat. The installation had 2 horizontally mounted KPV machine guns, which were aimed manually by the shooter; there were no guidance drive mechanisms. The calculation included 3 people. To protect the crew from bullets and small fragments, the installation was equipped with horizontal armor 8 mm thick for the front wall and 4 mm for the rear. The rate of fire of the installation was 600 rounds/min. on the barrel at an initial cartridge speed of 850 m/s, sighting range firing range up to 2.5 km, ceiling up to 2 km. The machine guns are fed with a belt feed, containing 80 rounds per barrel. The shooting was carried out only in bursts. The sight made it possible to fire at air targets moving at speeds of up to 250 m/s. Installation weight - 550 kg.
Construction was carried out at plant No. 831 in Feodosia.
The lead boat entered service with the fleet in 1951.
Tactical and technical data of TKA project 123K
| Maximum width: | 3.6 meters |
| Full draft: | 0.8 meters |
| Power point: | 2 diesel engines M-50 900 hp each, 2 propellers, 2 rudders |
| Travel speed: | full 50 knots, economic 17 knots |
| Cruising range: | 400 miles at 17 knots |
| Seaworthiness: | 4 points |
| Autonomy: | 1 day |
| Weapons: | . |
| artillery: | 1x2 14.5 mm machine gun 2M-5 |
| torpedo: | 2 single-pipe 457 mm TA TTKA-45-52 |
| radio engineering: | 1 radio station |
| navigation: | 1 magnetic compass KI-11 |
| chemical: | 3 smoke bombs MDS |
| Crew: | 7 people (1 officer) |
A total of 205 boats were built from 1951 to 1955.
The Soviet torpedo boat "Komsomolets" is a small, high-speed military mine-artillery ship designed to carry out torpedo attacks on enemy ships in the coastal sea zone. Due to the design features and high tactical and technical parameters, ships of this type can be used for other purposes: conducting landing operations, conducting naval reconnaissance and laying minefields.
History of the creation and development of the Komsomolets torpedo boat project
The task of designing a new torpedo boat for the Russian Navy in 1939 was received by a group of designers from plant No. 194. Design work led by P.I. Taptygin. The new torpedo boat received a factory index - project 123. The main goal that was set for Soviet designers was to create a more powerful warship that could replace the G-5 torpedo boats, which formed the basis of the domestic mosquito fleet.
The lead ship of Project 123 was laid down in July 1939 at the shipyard of Leningrad Plant No. 194. In October 1940, the ship entered service, and in March 1941, the new torpedo boat was enlisted in the Black Sea Fleet.
Subsequently, work began on improving the project. As a result, a whole family of torpedo boats of projects 123bis, M-123bis and 123K appeared, in different years, produced by Soviet shipyards.
In total, during the Great Patriotic War, Soviet shipbuilders transferred 30 units of various modifications to the fleet. In 1946-48, another 88 torpedo boats of various types were manufactured.
Tactical and technical characteristics of torpedo boats "Komsomolets"
- Displacement - 20.5 tons.
- Length - 18.7 m, width - 3.44 m, draft - 1.0 m.
- Two gasoline engines with a power of 1200 hp.
- Full speed - 48 knots.
- Cruising range - 240 miles.
- Armament: two 450-mm torpedo tubes, two twin 12.7-mm DShK anti-aircraft machine guns, 6 BM-1 depth charges.
- Crew - 7 people.
Komsomolets torpedo boats were used in combat operations on the Black Sea and the Baltic at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War. In the post-war period, in the 50s, some torpedo boats of this type were transferred to the Chinese People's Republic. Included naval forces PLA torpedo boats were used during the Vietnamese-Chinese armed conflict in the South China Sea. A small number of Komsomolets boats were transferred to political regimes friendly to the USSR.
Photo of the boat
Torpedo boat "Komsomolets"
Victorious attacks of Komsomolets
Spring in the Baltic is a turbulent time. Either it will be stormy, or suddenly a fog will fall, and it will be so thick that you won’t see anything even two steps away. But bad weather can only benefit the Baltic sailors: it will protect them from the air from the Nazis and hide them from coastal defense posts.
That night there was also fog over the sea, and a force five wind blowing from the north-west created a large swell. The boats were moving at the slowest speed. This masked, but required iron restraint and self-control from the crews. They managed to approach the Hel Spit unnoticed, and soon, from the suddenly moderated wave, it became clear that the boats were in the port waters.
When the fog cleared a little, the enemy ships were unexpectedly close. There were three of them - at the anchorage near Port Hel there was a destroyer (as it was later established - Z-34), a patrol boat converted from a fishing vessel, and the silhouette of the third was barely visible in the darkness. Now all that remained was to wait until the distance to them was literally reduced to “pistol” distance - then a miss would be ruled out for sure.
Without increasing speed, the torpedo bombers approached the enemy. Finally the long-awaited command: “Attack!” And at the same moment, a two-torpedo salvo followed from TK-131, commanded by Lieutenant N. Korotkevich. The boat turned south, and a thick cloud cover began to swell behind its stern - having completed the attack, the crew began setting up a smoke screen.
A few agonizing seconds - and a deafening explosion is heard behind the boat: the torpedoes hit the target. Following him, with a slight delay, the second rumbles - this discharges the TK-133 devices of Lieutenant Commander V. Solodovnikov.
And immediately the engines - afterburner! Hiding behind curtains, the participants in the daring raid rushed to the exit from the bay, leaving behind the seriously damaged destroyer Z-34 and a sinking patrol ship.
This fleeting battle with the fascist ships was fought by new Soviet torpedo boats of the Komsomolets type. They entered service in August 1944, when the war was moving further and further to the west. They were built with voluntary contributions from Soviet people, and therefore some of them, in addition to numbers, received names: “Tyumen Worker”, “Tyumen Komsomolets”, “Tyumen Pioneer”.
These were custom boats of a completely new design, significantly different from their counterparts of the G-5 and D-3 types and superior to them in a number of combat qualities. Unlike the old wooden ones, the new ones had a duralumin body 18.7 m long and 3.4 m wide, divided into five compartments by waterproof bulkheads with a spacing of 20-25 cm; standard displacement is 20.5 tons and total displacement is 23 tons. A hollow keel beam ran along the entire length of the hull, acting as a keel. Two Packard-type aircraft engines with a power of 1200 hp each. With. provided the boat with a speed of up to 48 knots. The motors were located in the hull one after the other so that the length of the left propeller shaft was 12.2 m, and the right - 10. To reduce pitching, side keels were provided on the underwater part of the hull. The maximum seaworthiness of the torpedo bomber was 4 points.
The armament included two machine gun mounts - “spark” large-caliber DShKs (on XIII series boats of later construction they were replaced by twin 20-mm ShVAK machine guns), six large depth charges and two 450 mm torpedo tubes. The 1938 model torpedoes weighed 950 kg and carried 200 kg of explosive. Smoke equipment - a cylinder with a capacity of 40 liters, designed for a pressure of 200 atmospheres. Combat autonomy was 36 hours. Unlike other domestically built boats, the Komsomolets had an armored (made of 7 mm thick sheet) deckhouse. The crew consisted of 7 people.
These torpedo bombers demonstrated their high combat qualities to the greatest extent in the spring of 1945, when units of the Red Army were already completing the defeat of Hitler’s troops, advancing towards Berlin with heavy fighting. From the sea, Soviet ground forces covered the ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet, and the entire burden of hostilities in the waters of the southern Baltic fell on the shoulders of the crews of submarines, naval aviation and torpedo boats.
Trying to somehow delay their inevitable end and preserve ports for the evacuation of retreating troops as long as possible, the Nazis made feverish attempts to sharply increase the number of search, strike and patrol groups of boats. These urgent measures to some extent aggravated the situation in the Baltic, and then four Komsomolets, which became part of the 3rd division of torpedo boats, were transferred to help the existing forces of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet.
On the night of April 21, the search for enemy ships in the area of the Hel Spit was continued by a detachment of boats commanded by Lieutenant Commander P. Efimenko. But the torpedo bombers ironed the sea in vain - they failed to detect the enemy. And then P. Efimenko decided to go into the depths of the Danzig Bay - to the mouth of the Vistula. At that time, the boatmen had one task: to find and sink enemy ships, which continued to intensively transfer troops by sea.
Finally, luck: three BDBs were discovered - high-speed landing barges with strong artillery weapons.
Five patrol boats followed them at a short distance. Attack? What if this is the vanguard of a large convoy? Perhaps it makes sense to avoid the fight... The agonizing hours of waiting passed. But the captain-lieutenant’s intuition and calculations turned out to be correct. As soon as the predawn twilight dispelled the darkness of the night, a caravan appeared from the haze. It consisted of extremely overloaded transport, escorted by destroyers, patrol boats and torpedo boats. Two BDBs closed the marching order.
Now it was possible to fire torpedoes! Having distributed the targets, the squad leader gave the order.
The first to rush forward was the TK-135 of Senior Lieutenant A. Aksenov. Both torpedo tubes went off, and a few minutes later a crushing double explosion literally broke the transport in half: the ship, engulfed in fire, sank before the eyes of the sailors. Further, Aksenov’s actions were almost automatic - turning around, setting up a smoke screen and leaving with afterburner... However, this time the boat crew were unlucky: when leaving the battle, a shell hit the engine compartment. The engines immediately stalled, and the “one hundred and thirty-fifth” swayed helplessly on the waves...
Endless minutes passed. In the cramped, gasoline fumes of the engine compartment, engine engineers “patched” lines torn by shrapnel. From time to time, scanty machine-gun bursts and impatient questions from the commander were heard here in the compartment. Finally they reported to the control room: “The damage has been repaired, we can go on one engine.”
And then help arrived, TK-131 Lieutenant N. Korotkevich, covering A. Aksenov’s Komsomolets with a smoke screen, took the emergency boat in tow. However, the Nazis' high-speed landing barge, opening artillery fire, blocked the torpedo bombers' path. And now our machine-gun installations spoke in response: the BDB caught fire, then an explosion followed, and after a few minutes only fragments of the barge remained on the surface of the water. The path to the home base was clear.
These were last days The Great Patriotic War, the last victorious attacks of torpedo boats. The war will end, and as a symbol of courage - as an example for descendants, as an edification for enemies - the Komsomol members, covered in military glory, will forever be frozen on pedestals.
N. Fedorov
1 - bow mast, 2 - railing, 3 - radio antenna, 4 - deck handrails, 5 - rack, 6 - removable engine compartment hatch, 7 - engine compartment deflector shield, 8 - torpedo firing sight, 9 - searchlight, 10 - electric siren, 11 - windshield, 12 - mast, 13 - yard, 14 - canopy light, 15 - whip radio antenna, 16 - pennant, 17 - lanyard, 18 - coaxial heavy machine gun, 19 - conning stringer, 20 - torpedo tube, 21 - removable fuel compartment hatch, 22 - wake light, 23 - smoke equipment, 24 - flagpole, 25 - naval flag, 26 - ring with eight smoke nozzles, 27 - consoles, 28 - rudders with transom rotary system, 29 - propeller propeller, 30 - propeller shaft bracket, 31 - propeller shaft (in casing), 32 - ventilation pockets, 33 - side stringer, 34 - side keels, 35 - right engine exhaust hole, 36 - side ventilation hole, 37 - left engine exhaust hole engine, 38 - entrance hatch of the ram compartment (forepeak), 39 - entrance hatch of the engine compartment, 40 - commander's hatch, 41 - deckhouse handrails, 42 - entrance hatch of the fuel compartment, 43 - entrance hatch of the aft compartment (afterpeak), 44 - rack, 45 - rail, 46 - smoke buoy, 47 - coaxial machine gun turret, 48 - wheelhouse, 49 - radio antenna input, 50 - side light, 51 - steering wheel, 52 - sponson, 53 - wheelhouse roof, 54 - deck porthole with railing, 55 - bollard, 56 - biteng, 57 - flail bar
Modeling Tips
The hull of the Komsomolets boat model is most easily made from a whole block of soft wood (linden, aspen or poplar) without cracks or through knots. Having drawn the line of the diametrical plane of the DP), the block is divided into spacing and the outline of the deck is drawn. After processing with a planer, a stem is drawn along the contour of the deck and a transom is cut out of plywood. It is smeared with glue and nailed to the stern.
Hollowing out the hull, they drill a series of holes in the deck. Then, using chisels, select the wood, leaving the thickness of the sides 5 - 7mm. After drawing the lines for the location of the frames, the model body is given the required shape using the templates.
Superstructures are assembled from 1 mm thick plywood, plexiglass, tin or brass.
The simplest mover of the model is a rubber motor. It is better to use a large rubber band with a gearbox or two series-connected rubber motors connected through a gear reducer with a gear ratio of 1:1.
On a larger boat model (made, for example, on a scale of 1:25), it is better to install an electric motor of the MU-25, MU-30, MU-50 type. Since these engines are high-speed, a gearbox with gears is required, the meshing module of which is 0.6; 0.7; 08.
The electric motor is mounted on wooden bases (“pillows”) or screwed to a reinforced bulkhead of the housing. You can attach it directly to the gearbox.
For propeller shafts, bar steel 0 2-4 mm, bicycle and motorcycle spokes are suitable.
Propeller shafts are inserted into stern tubes, at the end of which brass, bronze or fluoroplastic bushings (or bearings) with an internal diameter corresponding to the diameter of the propeller shaft are pressed. To fill the deadwood with grease, a short tube (30-40 mm long) with a screw is soldered to tighten the grease as it is consumed.
The simplest connection between the engine and the propeller shaft is a spring or rubber tube. But a more reliable link between the engine and the gearbox, as well as between the gearbox and the propeller shaft, is the Cardan joint.
Painting: underwater part of the hull - green, side number - white, biting, bollards, machine guns - black. The surface part of the hull was painted in a spherical color in the Pacific and Red Banner Baltic Fleet, in the Black Sea - in a light spherical color with a blue tint, in the North - in a dark spherical color with a tint of green. Waterline - white.
The final operation is polishing. Polishing paste for passenger cars or GOI paste is most suitable for this. It is applied to a soft rag, a piece of felt or felt and with circular movements the surface is brought to a shine. Then it is wiped with polishing water, kerosene or liquid oil.
A model of the Project 123K torpedo boat was installed in Kaliningrad on the banks of the Pregolya River at the intersection of Moskovsky Prospekt and Oktyabrskaya Street.
Access is free, the pedestal is high. There is no security.
The condition is not historical.
Date of filming: June 01, 2015.
01.
All photos are clickable up to 3648x2736.
02. The boat is the central element memorial complex"To the Baltic sailors." 
03. The memorial plaques ( , ) of the memorial list the units and formations of the Baltic Fleet that took part in the Great Patriotic War. 
04. Historical monument
municipal significance
Memorial sign
Baltic sailors
1974 
05. On the pedestal there is a model of a torpedo boat of Project 123K with elements of 123-bis and original parts.
The original boat, installed in 1974, was badly damaged by time and vandals. 
06. The local press wrote about the restoration:
For more than a month it was undergoing reconstruction at the Yantar Baltic Shipyard, where shipbuilders manufactured a new hull.
The old one is rusty.
The surviving torpedo tubes, steering wheel and propellers were removed from the former combat vehicle.
The "original" parts were installed on a fresh metal body.
"Komsomolskaya Pravda. Kaliningrad" (04/04/2010)
Yantar specialists conducted a serious research work, as a result of which Project 123-bis, whose torpedo boats took part in hostilities in the Baltic, was taken as the basis for the model.
The new memorial sign will differ in appearance from its predecessor - a representative of a later, post-war project.
From the 1978 model Komsomolets, only the torpedo tubes remained on the new boat.
"New Kaliningrad" (04/01/2010)
It is difficult to understand why the 123-bis project is mentioned, although the boat is most similar to the 123K.
From 123K - superstructure, radar mast, shape of the stern end.
In addition, the 123K has only one 2M-5 machine gun mount, while the 123-bis has two 2-UK-T.
The differences in silhouettes are obvious: 
Definitely 123K.
Most likely, the desire to pass it off as 123 bis is due to the fact that 123K is a strictly post-war series of boats, and 123 bis managed to successfully fight. 
07. A real rear admiral gives an interview to television crews against the backdrop of a boat and the “House of Soviets” - the most epic Kaliningrad unfinished project of Soviet times. 
08. "Komsomolets" - a series of Soviet small torpedo boats of projects 123, 123bis, M-123bis and 123K.
The lead boat of Project 123 was laid down on July 30, 1939 at the shipyard of the Leningrad plant No. 194 (slipway No. S-505).
Launched on May 16, 1940, entered service on October 25, 1940.
On March 12, 1941 he was enlisted in the Black Sea Fleet.
The characteristics differed significantly from the boats of subsequent series. 
09. After the launch of the lead boat of Project 123, the design bureau of shipyard N 639 began finalizing the project, and in November 1943 the fleet received new project boats of the "Komsomolets" type, designated "123bis".
Until the end of World War II, 31 Project 123bis boats rolled off the stocks of Tyumen Plant No. 639. 
10. In the post-war period, the project of Komsomolets type boats was revised 2 more times, and in 1946-1953, another 205 Komsomolets torpedo boats rolled off the stocks of the Feodosia shipyard No. 831 (50 - project M-123bis and 155 - project 123K ). 
11. A customized boat with a duralumin hull.
The hull is divided into five compartments by waterproof bulkheads.
A hollow keel beam is laid along the entire length of the hull, performing the function of a keel.
To reduce pitching, side keels are installed on the underwater part of the hull.
Two aircraft engines are installed in the housing one behind the other, while the length of the left propeller shaft was 12.2 m, and the right - 10 m.
Torpedo tubes, unlike previous types of boats, are tubular, not trough. 
12. Screws. Possibly original. 
13. Model of the 2M-5 installation with a coaxial 14.5 mm Vladimirov machine gun.
I saw what the original installation looks like in St. Petersburg.
Strange barrels in the foreground (and on the left side of the photo, on the other side) - imitation of BM-1 depth charges 
14. BM-1 (Bomba Malaya, First) was proposed as an auxiliary anti-submarine weapon, as well as as a weapon for slow-moving ships and boats that would not be fast enough to escape the shock wave of the Big Bomb BB-1.
In addition, the “Small Bomb” became a mine clearance tool and was used to detonate enemy acoustic mines. 
15. Torpedo tubes - it seems that the only original detail of the monument. 
16. The main armament of the boat is two 450 mm torpedoes 45-36Н, 45-36НУ in TTKA-45 torpedo tubes (on II-VI series TTKA-45-52).