Crimea area. Population and area of ​​Crimea: figures and facts. What is the area of ​​the Crimean peninsula? The area of ​​Crimea per year is

Population of Crimea and Sevastopol: population, national composition

The population of Crimea as of January 1, 2017 is 2,340,921 permanent residents (including Sevastopol) according to Rosstat data of March 10, 2017 on the assessment of the permanent population as of January 1, 2017 and the average for 2016.
The population of the Republic of Crimea as of January 1, 2017 is 1,912,168 permanent residents.
The population of Sevastopol as of January 1, 2017 is 428,753 permanent residents.
The population of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol as of January 1, 2016 was 2,323,369 people (1,907,106 and 416,263).
According to the results of the population census in the Crimean Federal District as of October 14, 2014, the number of registered permanent population of the Republic of Crimea was 1,891,465 people, Sevastopol - 393,304 people (total in Crimea - 2,284,769 people). The Republic of Crimea in terms of population ranked 27th among the subjects of the Russian Federation, the city of federal significance Sevastopol - 77th. [Source here and below: 1, 2 - Wikipedia].

Dynamics of the actual population of Crimea according to the censuses of 1926-2014 (columns 2 and 3: including and excluding the City Council of Sevastopol). Data in column 4 - Sevastopol - source 2. 1945 - estimate. 2017 - not according to census results.

Settlement map of Russians, Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars in Crimeaaccording to the 2014 census.

According to the table below, since the 2001 census, the proportion of Russians in Crimea has increased from 60.68% up 67.90% (by 7.22%) of persons who indicated nationality.During the same time, the share of Ukrainians in Crimea decreased from 24.12% up 15.68% (by 8.44%). The combined share of Crimean Tatars and Tatars increased from 10.26% + 0.57% = 10.83% to 10.57% + 2.05% = 12.62% (1.79% total).

Urbanization. Urban and rural population

According to the 2001 census, with a total population of 2,033.7 thousand people (4.3% of the population of Ukraine at that time), the urban population of the republic amounted to 1,274.3 thousand people (62.7%), and the rural population - 759 .4 thousand people (37.3%). The population density was 78 people. per sq. km. Since the all-Union census of 1989, the rural population of Crimea has increased significantly due to the resettlement of Crimean Tatars returning to the peninsula in rural areas.

Russians are the predominant nationality of the Republic of Crimea both in the cities and in the countryside. However, in rural areas their share is lower, since the share of Ukrainians and especially Crimean Tatars was higher among the villagers.
Distribution of the urban and rural population of the Republic of Crimea by nationality (in % of those who indicated nationality) according to the 2014 Census:

Population of Crimea by place of birth

According to the 2014 census, 56.3% (1247.2 thousand people) of the Crimean population were natives of the peninsula, 15.4% (340.1 thousand people) were natives of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation outside Crimea, 16.1% (356 0 thousand people) were natives of Ukraine, 7.3% (162.6 thousand people) were natives of Uzbekistan, 4.0% (88.1 thousand people) were natives of other CIS countries, 0.9% (13.7 thousand people) natives of non-CIS countries.

Population of urban districts and regions of Crimea

Distribution of the resident population by urban districts and districts of the Republic of Crimea and municipal districts of Sevastopol according to the preliminary results of the population census in the Crimean Federal District as of October 14, 2014, and taking into account the shift in the estimate of the resident population as of July 1, 2014:

Population of Crimean cities / Largest cities of Crimea

Sevastopol is the largest city of Crimea. Further Simferopol and Kerch and Evpatoria - with a population of more than 100,000 thousand people.

National composition of Crimea

• In 1778, almost all Armenians and Greeks living in the Crimea (about half of the population of the peninsula) were resettled in the Azov province by A. Suvorov, at the direction of Catherine II.
• 1795 - 156,400 people (87.6% Crimean Tatars, 4.3% Russians, 1.9% Greeks, 1.7% Gypsies, 1.5% Karaites, 1.3% Ukrainians, 0.8% Jews, 0.6% Armenians, 0.1% Germans, 0.1% Bulgarians)
• 1897 - 546,700 people (35.6% Crimean Tatars, 33.1% Russians, 11.8% Ukrainians, 5.8% Germans, 4.4% Jews, 3.1% Greeks, 1.5% Armenians, 1.3% Bulgarians, 1.2% Poles, 0.3% Turks)
• 1917 - 749,800 people (41.2% Russians, 28.7% Crimean Tatars, 8.6% Ukrainians, 6.4% Jews, 4.9% Germans, 2.9% Greeks, 1.6% Armenians, 1.4% Bulgarians, 0.8% Poles, 0.7% Turks)
• 1939 - 1,123,800 people (49.6% Russians, 19.4% Crimean Tatars, 13.7% Ukrainians, 5.8% Jews, 4.5% Germans, 1.8% Greeks, 1.4% Bulgarians , 1.1% Armenians, 0.5% Poles)
• 1944 (end of summer) - 379,000 people (75% Russians, 21% Ukrainians)
• 1959 - 1,201,500 people (71.4% Russians, 22.3% Ukrainians, 2.2% Jews, 0.1% Poles)
• 1989 - 2,430,500 people (67.1% Russians, 25.8% Ukrainians, 1.6% Crimean Tatars, 0.7% Jews, 0.3% Poles, 0.1% Greeks)
• 2001 - without the city of Sevastopol - 2,024,056 people (58.3% Russians, 24.3% Ukrainians, 12.1% Crimean Tatars, 1.4% Belarusians, 0.5% Tatars, 0.4% Armenians, 0.2% each of Jews, Poles, Moldovans, Azerbaijanis, 0.1% each of Uzbeks, Koreans, Greeks, Germans, Mordovians, Chuvashs, Gypsies, Bulgarians, Georgians and Maris, as well as Karaites, Krymchaks, Italians, and others).
• 2014 - from the city of Sevastopol - 2,284,800 people, including 2,197,600 people who indicated their nationality, among which: 67.9% Russians, 15.7% Ukrainians, 10.6% Crimean Tatars, 2.0% Tatars (including Tatars with a Crimean Tatar language), 1.0% Belarusians and 0.5% Armenians, 2.3% others.
• 2014 - without the city of Sevastopol - 1,889,400 people (65% Russians, 16% Ukrainians, 13% Crimean Tatars).

Ethnic composition data from the last two population censuses in Crimea (with Sevastopol)

This article will focus on an unusual and unique corner of the globe - the beautiful Tauris! How many people live on the peninsula and what is the size of the territory of Crimea? The area, nature, ethnic and religious composition will be the subjects of this information article.

Crimea: the origin of the name of the peninsula

A long time ago, back in ancient times, where now - the south of Crimea, there were the most ancient settlements of the Tauris. Even then, the peninsula bore the loud name of Taurica. The name Crimea, by which the modern world knows it, was given to ancient Taurica centuries later. This happened only at the beginning of the XIV century. Researchers suggest that this name is associated with the Mongolian city called Kyrym. And the thing is that after the Mongols took possession of the northern part of the Black Sea region, the Khan of the Horde settled in this city and named his possessions in honor of his native lands.

There is another version of the origin of the name. Perhaps there is a connection between the Crimea and the Isthmus of Perekop. Indeed, in Turkic, “perekop” sounds like “kyrym”, that is, “ditch”. During the Middle Ages, the peninsula was renamed Tavria. This name was somewhat changed after its territory was annexed to the Russian Empire. Since the end of the 18th century, the peninsula with the edge closest to it was called Tauris.

What is the total area of ​​Crimea? This will be discussed further.

Territory of Crimea: area and geographical location

Crimea is washed by two seas at once: Azov and Black. The coastline of the peninsula reaches 2.5 thousand kilometers! Half of this length refers to the Sivash.

In its shape, Crimea resembles an irregular quadrangle. Actually, why is Crimea called a peninsula, and not a full-fledged island? The point is the Perekop Isthmus, 8 km wide, which connects it to the mainland. At this point, the extreme northern point of the peninsula is located. The southern one is located on Cape Sarych.

What is the area of ​​Crimea? As for the length of sea and land borders, it is 2,500 kilometers. If you connect your imagination, then in the silhouette of the Crimea you can see a bunch of grapes, a heart or even a flying bird. The area of ​​the Crimean peninsula is about 27 thousand square kilometers.

Nature and relief

The area of ​​Crimea is small, but the peninsula has a unique feature: it is an amazing variety of natural conditions and landscapes. The flora and fauna of the peninsula amaze with its beauty and richness. In Crimea, you can visit the wild steppe, enjoy the views of green vineyards or the exotic vegetation of the south coast, admire the rocks of volcanic origin, or descend into a karst cave.

As for the nature of the relief, Crimea can be divided into 3 parts:

More than 7/10 is the North Crimean Plain.

Kerch Peninsula with its ridge-hilly plains.

The mountainous part of the peninsula.

The main ridge has the greatest height. It is a chain of separate massifs, consisting of limestone with flat tops. These massifs (yayly) are separated from each other by deep canyons.

Population of Crimea

Judging by the data for October 2014, the Crimean peninsula has about 2 million inhabitants. Over the past year, according to information received from Ukraine, about 20.5 thousand Crimeans moved to the territory of this country. However, at the same time, 200,000 people moved to Crimea from the Lugansk and Donetsk regions. There are about 50,000 foreigners living and working on the peninsula.

At the end of the 18th century, most of the Crimean population was represented by Tatars. However, two centuries later, the peninsula became a multi-ethnic territory inhabited by representatives of various cultures. Today, more than 100 different ethnic groups live in Crimea, the most numerous of which are Russians (68%), Ukrainians (16%), Crimean Tatars (11%), Armenians (about 1%).

The most common religion in Crimea is Orthodoxy. A little less Muslims, there are also Protestants and Catholics, Jews.

Urbanization processes on the peninsula

According to 2014 data, the number of urban residents of the peninsula was 1.3 million people, or 58% of the total population. Over the past 15 years, the number of citizens has decreased significantly. This indicator is a consequence of the fact that absolutely all the republics in 2014 were legally assigned to the number of villages.

The nationality that predominates in numbers on the peninsula is Russian. There are more of them among the townspeople, but not among the rural population. There are still fewer of them in the villages, because Ukrainians and, of course, Crimean Tatars predominate there.

Curious facts about the peninsula

1. Crimea is a unique peninsula, the area of ​​which simultaneously accommodates 3 natural zones. These are subtropics, mountains and steppes.

2. Flora of Crimea has 240 species of unique vegetation, characteristic only of its territory.

3. Crimea distinguished itself by the longest public transport route: the length of the trolleybus route between the cities of Simferopol and Yalta is almost 90 km!

4. "Krymtrolleybus" is listed in the Guinness Book of Records for one more parameter. True, this can hardly be called an achievement. The transport fleet is almost completely worn out, and the average age of a local trolleybus is 26 years, which is a definite record in the world!

5. Surprisingly, the peninsula has the shortest tram line. It does not reach even two kilometers in length, and the purpose of its creation is the same - to quickly transport tourists to the seashore.

6. There is a solar power plant on the peninsula. Yes, not simple, but the most powerful in the whole world! It was built by the Austrians on the territory of the village of Perovo in 2011.

7. Representatives of about 130 nationalities live in Crimea today!

Conclusion

Now you know everything about the area of ​​Crimea and the population of this marvelous peninsula. It goes deep into the Black Sea and is almost completely isolated from the land. The area of ​​Crimea is 27 thousand square kilometers. Almost two million people live in this area.

The area of ​​Crimea, as can be estimated, is quite small. However, the territory of the peninsula boasts a unique variety of landscapes, flora and fauna.

Alluring, mysterious, warm Crimea is a place where you want to return again and again. Unlike the guests of the peninsula, the locals are already accustomed to the azure sea and majestic mountains that surround them every day. Picturesque landscapes constantly attracted more and more new residents. This led to the fact that the population of the Crimea for ninety years has increased three times. A variety of ethnic groups live here. The local population is represented by Crimean Tatars, Poles, Russians, Jews, Greeks, Krymchaks and others.

Population of Crimea

As of January 1, 2017, the permanent population of Crimea is 2,340,778 people. Of these, 1,912,079 residents live in the Republic of Crimea and 428,699 in Sevastopol. The rather large population of Crimea allowed the republic to take the twenty-seventh place in the rating of subjects of the Russian Federation. According to the data of 1926, only 713,823 people lived on the territory of the Crimea and Sevastopol.

Ninety years of active migration of people from Ukraine, India, Israel, Uzbekistan and other countries have led to a colossal increase in the population of the republic. The population of Crimea by years shows that it was the most populated in 1989. Then its number was 2,458,655 people.

The population of Crimea over the years had very serious ups and downs. So, in connection with the Great Patriotic War, the number of inhabitants of the republic was halved. In 1939, 1,126,429 people lived here, and already six years later, in 1945, there were only 610,000 inhabitants.

Ethnic composition

Dynamically growing throughout history, the population of Crimea has a continuous connection with the arrival of new ethnic groups in the republic. The ethnic history of Crimea is many times richer than the Soviet or any other. Four thousand years of existence of the peninsula made it a haven for the Cimmerians, Scythians, Greeks, Karaites, Pechenegs, Venetians and others. Initially, the main population of the Republic of Crimea consisted of Crimean Tatars.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, they were supplanted by the Russians, who took first place, and the Ukrainians, who gained a foothold in second position. During the Second World War, the peninsula was occupied by the Germans for some time, and as a result, this period is characterized by a decrease in the number of Jews. After the Second World War, Armenians, Greeks and Bulgarians sharply reached out to the Crimea.

Population of Crimean cities by ethnic composition

• Armenians - Sevastopol, Yalta, Simferopol, Evpatoria, Feodosia.
• Bulgarians - Simferopol, Koktebel.
• Eastern Slavs - Kerch, Evpatoria, Simferopol, Feodosia, Yalta, Alushta.
• Greeks - Simferopol, Kerch, Yalta.
• Jews - Simferopol, Sevastopol, Kerch, Yalta, Feodosia, Evpatoria.
• Karaites - Old Crimea, Feodosia, Evpatoria.
• Krymchaks - Karasubazar and Simferopol, Feodosia, Sevastopol, Kerch.

In Simferopol (Crimea), the population included almost all nationalities existing in the republic.

Crimean Greeks

Greek settlers settled on the Crimean peninsula twenty-seven centuries ago. The population belonging to this ethnic group was divided into the Crimean Greeks and the Greeks who arrived from the territory of Greece at the end of the eighteenth century.

The first Greek colonies were created in the format of the Bosporan state and the Chersonese Republic. Modern Crimean Greeks come from the Greek battalion, which participated in the Crimean War and remained on the orders of Potemkin to protect the Crimea. The population of this type settled in Balaklava and other villages nearby. Within the framework of the ethnographic history of the republic, the formed nationality is called Arnauts or Balaklava Greeks.

Approximately thirteen thousand Greeks migrated to Crimea during World War II from Turkey through the Caucasus. The reason for their flight was the genocide unleashed by fanatical Muslims. The bulk of the Greeks who came to the Crimea were uneducated and had a social status no higher than that of an artisan or merchant. Having settled in the new territory, the Crimean Greeks began to engage in gardening, fishing, trade, and they also successfully grew grapes and tobacco. The Crimean Greeks are still considered one of the most numerous ethnic groups of the peninsula, as their number is seventy-seven thousand people.

Crimean Armenians

Armenians became full-fledged residents of Crimea a thousand years ago. History repeatedly mentions that the most distinctive and, of course, a very important center of Armenian culture is the Crimea. The population of the Armenian ethnos appeared here together with a certain Vardan. In the seven hundred and eleventh year, this Armenian was declared the emperor of Byzantium, when he was in the territory of the Crimea. The peak of the settlement of the peninsula by Armenians falls on the beginning of the fourteenth century. Crimea during this period is called "maritime Armenia". The spheres of activity of the Crimean Armenians are: trade, construction, financial activities.

A sharp decrease in the number of the Armenian ethnic group in the territory of Crimea dates back to 1475. The reason for the change in the structure of the population was the Turks who came to power. They destroyed the Armenians and took them into slavery. A new wave of growth of the Armenian population falls on the eighteenth century, when they were given official permission to return to the Crimea. The population of Armenian origin very thinned out during the years of the Civil War. If during the October Revolution there were seventeen thousand Armenians in the Crimea, by the end of the twentieth there were only five thousand of them left.

Karaites

The Karaites are descended from the Turkic people. The only thing that distinguishes them from their progenitor is their religion - Judaism. For the first time in the historical annals, the Karaites are mentioned in 1278. But, despite this fact, it is believed that they settled on the peninsula several centuries earlier. Throughout its existence, the Karaite ethnos has never stood out among the locals. The turning point in the life of this nation was the moment of annexation of the Crimea to the Russian Empire. Then the Karaites got the opportunity to buy land, not pay a number of tax duties and enter the army voluntarily. Until 1914, the Karaites were a very prosperous people. Eight thousand people lived in Crimea.

Wars, repressions, famine of the following years led to a sharp reduction in the number and standard of living of this people. Today, about eight hundred Karaites live in Crimea.

Krymchaks

Krymchaks are a people who follow Talmudic Judaism and speak a language close to the Crimean Tatar. On the territory of the Crimea, they appeared before our era. In the eighteenth century, only eight hundred Krymchaks lived on the Crimean peninsula. The population of this ethnic group reached its maximum in 1912 and amounted to seven and a half thousand people. Today, this ethnic group is on the verge of extinction. These people have never been rich and did not know how to express themselves in politics and trade.

Jews

For the Jews, the peninsula was a fairly fertile territory, so they settled it very actively. In 1897, their number was more than twenty-four thousand people. At the time of the revolution, there were already twice as many Jews in Crimea. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, there was even a project to create a Jewish republic on the peninsula. Its implementation began in 1924, but was not crowned with the expected success. A special blow to the Crimean Jews happened during the Great Patriotic War. All non-evacuated Jews were destroyed by the Nazi occupation. At the end of the twentieth century, twenty-five thousand Jews lived on the peninsula. Many of them later emigrated to Israel.

Crimean Tatars

The first invasion of the Mongol-Tatars to the Crimea dates back to 1223. At the end of the fourteenth century, the entire peninsula was inhabited by a people who called themselves Crimeans, while the Russians called them Tatars. The inhabitants of the Crimea themselves came to such a name only when they became part of Russia.

Tatars were a significant people of the Crimea until the annexation of the peninsula to Russia. Since then, the number of the Tatar ethnic group has not greatly decreased, but a lot of Russians have arrived on the territory of Crimea. The Tatar people ceased to be the most numerous on the peninsula. Many Tatars emigrated to Turkey after the Crimean War.

The fate of the Crimean Tatars was especially dramatic during the Great Patriotic War. They bravely fought in the ranks of the Soviet army, many of them died in battle, while some were burned by the Nazis. Some Tatars went over to the side of the enemy and turned out to be traitors. In this regard, in 1944, almost two hundred thousand Tatars were deported from the country. They began to return to Crimea in 1989 and since then make up twelve percent of the population of the peninsula.

Other nationalities

In addition to the nationalities presented above, many representatives of other large ethnic groups live on the territory of Crimea. From the end of the eighteenth century, Bulgarians began to settle in Crimea, who are now no more than two thousand people.

The first Poles settled on the peninsula at the end of the seventeenth century. Their massive migration to the peninsula dates back to the sixties of the nineteenth century. They have never been trusted by local residents, in connection with which they were not provided with benefits and the opportunity to settle separately. Now there are no more than seven thousand of them in Crimea.

Crimea (Crimean Peninsula) is the southern part of Ukraine. The territory of the peninsula unites the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Sevastopol, part of the Kherson region (the northern part of the Arabat Spit). The modern name, the peninsula received from the Turkic word, which means shaft, wall. Earlier, in historical sources, it was called Tauris.

The south and west of the peninsula is washed by the Black Sea, the east by the Sea of ​​Azov.

The northern side of Crimea is connected to the continent, the connection to the continent was made thanks to a narrow isthmus called Perekop. The area of ​​the entire Crimean peninsula is approximately equal to 26860 sq. km. Approximately 72% of them are occupied by a flat surface, more than 20% of the entire territory is occupied by a mountainous surface and 8% are lakes.

The coastline of the Crimean peninsula stretches for a distance of more than 1000 km. The largest gulfs of Crimea, located on the Black Sea coast, are: Karkinitsky gulf, Kalamitsky gulf, and the gulf which is called Feodosiya. The largest bays of the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov are Sivash, Kazantip Bay and Arabatsky.

The whole of Crimea can be divided into three large parts, which are called peninsulas, so the east of Crimea is the Kerch Peninsula, the south is the Gerakleian Peninsula, and the north is the Tyup-Tarkhan Peninsula.

From 1954 - 1991, Crimea was part of the Ukrainian SSR, as having a common economy and territorial proximity, as well as various ties: economic, cultural, etc.

The Republic of Crimea, as an autonomous state, was proclaimed in 1991.

Crimea area

The area of ​​the peninsula is about 26,860 square kilometers. The highest mountain point is Mount Roman-Kosh, whose height is 1545 m. The distance of the peninsula from west to east is 326 kilometers, from north to south - 205 kilometers. The center of the peninsula is the village of Azov.

Demographics of Crimea

The population of Crimea consists of many peoples. The ethnic composition is quite diverse. However, the bulk of the population are Russians (58.3%), Ukrainians (24.3%) and Crimean Tatars (12.1%). According to the 2001 census, Belarusians, Tatars, Armenians, Jews, Poles, Moldovans, Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks, Koreans, Greeks, Karaites, Krymchaks and others live in Crimea.

The majority (Russians, Ukrainians, Greeks and Bulgarians) are Orthodox. Crimean Tatars profess Sunni Islam, as well as Jewish, Protestant and Catholic religions.

The peninsula is home to 1,969,800 people, of which 1,239,800 are urban residents and 730,000 rural residents (as of February 1, 2008).

The largest cities of the peninsula: Simferopol, Sevastopol, Kerch, Evpatoria and Feodosia

The largest city, which is located on the Crimean peninsula, is Sevastopol, its population is three hundred and eighty-nine thousand nine hundred and twenty-one inhabitants, these are data that are given as of 2009.

The second most populated city of Crimea is Simferopol, it is worth noting that between these two cities there has always been some kind of competition for numbers and superiority, however, the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, which Simferopol is recognized for, has always been inferior to Sevastopol in this race. Kerch rightfully occupies the third place in terms of population, about one hundred and fifty thousand people live here.

Economy of Crimea

The main place in the Crimean economy is occupied by industry and tourism. More than 530 enterprises are located on the peninsula that are engaged in mechanical engineering and metalworking, shipbuilding, ferrous metallurgy, the chemical industry, etc. Large enterprises such as the Selkhozdetal plant, the Feodosia Mechanical Plant, the Foton Production Association, NPO Pnevmatika and others are located on the peninsula. The shipbuilding industry is represented by three enterprises. Viticulture and winemaking are developed in the republic. 10 enterprises are engaged in the processing of grapes and the production of vintage and champagne wines.

12% of the republic's GDP is trade. She is in third place. Construction, healthcare, and agriculture are also developing on the island.

Export is actively developing in the republic. Partnership relations are maintained with 107 countries of the world. The CIS countries receive 45% of all goods, the EU countries - 23%. The main trading partner of Crimea is Russia (29% of deliveries).

The volume of imports of products is growing. Crimea receives products from Russia, Italy, Turkey, the Netherlands and Syria. Mechanical machines, building materials, means of transport, alcoholic beverages, etc. are imported into the republic.

Transport is developing in the republic. All cities and towns of Crimea are interconnected by bus routes. There are intercity trolleybus routes. The peninsula has Black Sea ports: Evpatoria, Sevastopol, Yalta, Feodosia and Kerch. There is a ferry across the Kerch Strait that connects the peninsula with Russia.

In 2010, Russia and Ukraine signed an agreement according to which a bridge will be built connecting Krasnodar and Crimea. Completion of construction is scheduled for 2014.

History of Crimea

It is known from the sources of the Russian chronicle that the Crimea was previously referred to as Taurida, and it is from here that the name of the Taurida province came.

It is also known that the modern name of the Crimean peninsula comes from the word "kyrym", which can be translated as a rampart, wall or moat.

The peninsula has an interesting, eventful history. Historical events of different times are surprisingly intertwined on its territory: the German war, the turbulent times of 1917, the army of Admiral Kolchak, and all this next to the monuments of the times of the Greeks and Romans, next to the Genoese monuments.

Traces of human presence on the peninsula date back to the Paleolithic times. The Kiik-Koba cave keeps traces of the Neanderthal site. Many documents and monuments have been preserved that tell about the life of the peninsula in ancient times.

The beginning of our era is marked by the fact that in the Crimea, until the 3rd century AD, there was a Scythian state, which was destroyed by the Goths. They, under the pressure of the Huns, in the 4th century, went to the mountains of Crimea and mixed with the descendants of the Scythians and Taurians. Cave cities in the area of ​​Bakhchisaray and Sevastopol testify to their existence. The 6th century brought the dominance of Byzantium.

Then the Golden Horde established itself on the peninsula, and it became known as the Crimean. The 15th century brought the rule of the Turks to the Crimea, who gradually began to lead a sedentary lifestyle, engaged in gardening and viticulture.

Already in 1239, the Crimea was enslaved by the invasion of the Mongol army of Khan Batu, from now on the steppe part of the peninsula is part of the Golden Horde. After that, Crimea saw many more battles for the development of its territories. Already from the beginning of the fourteenth century and by the middle of the fifteenth century, the Adyghes began to inhabit the Crimea, who inhabit the eastern regions of the peninsula. In 1475, the Ottoman army, led by Gedik Ahmed, recaptures the principality of Theodoro and the Genoese possessions, the khanate, which was referred to as the Crimean, now becomes the possessions of the Ottoman Empire, but already in 1774, according to the treaty, which had the name Kyuchuk-Kaynardzhy peace, Crimea becomes an independent state, power over which is exercised by his own khan.

In 1776, Suvorov resettled the population of Armenians and the Greek population in the Azov province, and in 1783, Empress Catherine II signs the Manifesto, according to which Crimea is now annexed to the Russian Empire, and the Taman Peninsula is now also included in the Russian Empire.

From 1853 to 1856 the Crimean War was going on. From 1917, when the Great October Revolution began, until the 1920s, a civil war raged in Crimea, when the “reds” and “whites” alternately seized power several times. In 1921, the Autonomous Crimean SSR was formed, which is part of the RSFSR. From 1921 to 1923, a terrible famine sets in in the Crimea, its consequence is high mortality, and thus more than a hundred thousand lives were claimed, the main component of this figure being the population of the Crimean Tatars.

During the Great Patriotic War from 1941 to 1944, the Crimea was occupied from the invasion of enemy fascist Germany and Romania as well.

In 1945, the autonomy of Crimea was abolished, and many settlements, cities and villages of Crimea were renamed, at the same time the Crimean region was formed. In 1948, Sevastopol was separated into a separate administrative and economic center, and from now on it becomes a city of republican significance. Since 1987, Crimean Tatars again began to come to Crimea from the places where they were deported. In 1954, the Crimea was given to the Ukrainian SSR, Russia made such a gift to Ukraine on the occasion of the tercentenary of the Pereyaslav Rada. In 1978, the Constitution was adopted in the Ukrainian SSR, in which Sevastopol is listed as a city with the status of republican subordination. In 1991, the Crimean Tatars sought to give Crimea the status of autonomy, which, nevertheless, is part of Ukraine.

Culture (show business), sights of Crimea

Crimea is home to many peoples and cultures. On the territory of the peninsula, you can find architectural structures of Ancient Greece, Italy, Tatar and Armenian. The ruins of Chersonese, which have been preserved since ancient times.

On the territory there are several dozen objects that are of interest. They can be classified as monuments of history, architecture, landscape art, natural objects, etc. The famous Crimean caves are of interest to tourists: Marble, Red, Emine-Bair-Khosar.

Crimea was decorated by many famous architects. But the greatest contribution belongs to N.P. Krasnov. His project belongs to 61 buildings in the Crimea: palaces of the nobility, mansions, villas, etc.

The main sights of Crimea: Livadia Palace; Dulber Palace; Palace of Charax; hunting house of Prince Yusupov; Yalta Alexander Men's Gymnasium; Women's gymnasium in Yalta: Yalta church.

Science is developing on the peninsula. Large scientific centers and universities are located on the territory of the republic.
Many rest houses and sanatoriums, boarding houses and camps are located on the territory of the peninsula. The most popular holiday destinations are Yalta and Alushta, as well as the southern coast of Crimea, Feodosia, Sudak, Evpatoria.

Banks of Crimea

Many large banks are located on the territory of Crimea: Aval, Morskoy Bank, Privatbank, Forum Bank, Finance and Credit Bank, Vabank, Imeksbank, Krysky branch of IPB, Kievan Rus, OTR-bank and others.

Crimea real estate

The real estate market in Crimea is steadily expanding. This is proved by numerous new buildings, which show what requirements are put forward for the quality of housing, what level of comfort and life support becomes optimal. New buildings offer various services: from private parking and the beach, to maintenance. The leaders are the new buildings of Yalta.

Airport in Crimea

Belbek- an international airport that serves the city of Sevastopol and other cities of Crimea. It was created on the basis of the military airfield of the same name. The name of the airport comes from the name of the river Belbek, in the south-west of Crimea. It is located on the seashore, on the territory of the Nakhimovsky district of Sevastopol, on the northern side of the city, adjacent to the Lyubimovka microdistrict.

Regular flights from Sevastopol in 2012 are not carried out. Charter:

The airport is located 2.5 kilometers from the transport interchange "Simferopol - Sevastopol / Yalta - airport "Belbek", near the village of Fruit, on the territorial bulk of the Nakhimovsky district. The distance to the southern part of Sevastopol (in a detour around the bay) is 25 kilometers, to Zakharov Square (the main North Side Square) - 9 kilometers, to Simferopol - 50 kilometers, to Yalta - 95 kilometers.

By public transport, the airport can be reached directly by shuttle bus No. 137 (Ushakov Square - Belbek Airport - Star Coast), in the summer months, the frequency of flights is 30 minutes.

Also from the center of Sevastopol public transport to get to the airport from the square. Zakharov on the North side. To do this, it is necessary to cross the Sevastopol Bay from the Grafskaya pier. Next, by bus, following route No. 36 "Northern - Kacha", get to the stop. Belbek Airport. The travel time is about 40-50 minutes.

In the future, the city authorities plan to move the Sevastopol-Simferopol railway line a little to the west, closer to the airport.

Famous personalities of Crimea

Crimea is associated with many well-known and famous personalities of different times who sang of its beauty in their poems and works:

I.K. Aivazovsky, famous marine painter

A.P. Chekhov, an outstanding Russian writer

A.T. Averchenko, Russian writer, satirist

M.I. Tsvetaeva - poetess, prose writer.

Adam Mickiewicz, Polish poet sang of the beauties of Crimea

A.N. Apukhtin, Russian poet

Yu.V. Drunina Russian Soviet poetess.

Crimea in the Yandex search engine.

Recent events in Ukraine have made the query "Crimea" extremely popular among users of the Yandex search engine. Over the past month, users have made 1,447,541 such requests. Along with the query "Crimea", Yandex search engine users also searched for:

In addition, analysts of the Market Leader publication compiled a table that reflects the interest of users from neighboring countries in the query "Crimea".