Nikolai Gumilyov travels through Africa. The mystery of the Hyperborean civilization. Unknown pages of the life of Nikolai Gumilyov

On the waterway from Kem to Solovki lies the Kuzova archipelago, which includes 16 islands, the largest of which are Russian and German Kuzova.

The archipelago surprises with its nature, but most importantly, it is famous for its ancient sites, labyrinths, religious complexes, as well as the abundance of sacred stones - seids. About 800 different stone structures were discovered here, occupying 2% of the entire territory of the archipelago. For example, the unique religious complex on the top of Oleshin Island has no analogues in Northern Europe in its design features. Religious objects were created by the ancient Sami population, who appeared in the White Sea region more than 2.5 thousand years ago.

However, the main mystery of the archipelago lies elsewhere. But first, a little history.

According to ancient Aryan and pre-Aryan ideas, the invariable affiliation of the ancestral home of the Aryans, Hyperborea (which includes the current territory of Karelia), was a rock that was considered the central point of the world. It had a base of seven heavens, where the celestial beings lived and the golden age reigned. In ancient Russian apocryphal texts, the universal mountain was called “a pillar in Okiyan to the skies,” or a white-flammable stone, or an Alatyr-stone, which was located on the island of Buyan. In the 14th century apocrypha “On All Creation” you can read: “In Okiyan there is a pillar called adamantine (adamant is a diamond. Ultimately, it is a correlate of ice). His head goes to heaven.”
It is in this “paradise” time and place that the legend of the Stone Book originates. It talks about Mount Mera, which was located at the ancient North Pole and was a plateau with steep cliffs more than a kilometer high, and about Buyan Island, where the author of the Stone Book, Fab, hid a source of colossal magical power under the Alatyr Stone. The German Body, located in the White Sea not far from the current Karelian city of Kem, is named Buyan Island in the Stone Book. On this island, if you trust the texts of the Stone Book, there is an underground palace complex and the graves of Phab's children (Phab's daughter was named Ia, or Io).

In Russian mythology, Fab echoes, first of all, the ancient Slavic deity Veles. Russian historian Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasyev considered him the deity of clouds, clouds, and heavenly herds. In “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” Boyan is called Veles’ grandson, which seems to indicate the comparability of Veles with the Greek Apollo (Phoebus); in addition, it is this god of the Slavic pantheon that ancient sources associate with the Dove Book.
The spiritual heritage captured in the Stone Book was preserved in the form of persistent mythological views, which, according to the Russian historian I. Zabelin, played the role of primitive knowledge of nature and even primitive science. In this crucible, the original folk cosmism was born and formed.
The “Stone Book” contained the original teaching or knowledge about the world and became the primary source for myths and legends of almost all peoples of the world. There were legends about the Stone Book. Few had a chance to see her. And those who saw it did not want to show the way to it. But many tried to comprehend the secret of this legendary monument.
At the beginning of his creative career, N.K. Roerich created the painting “The Dove Book”, where in a generalized symbolic form he tried to recreate the image of a universal book that fell from heaven and included all the wisdom of the world.

The stone book was seen by the poet Nikolai Gumilev, who was traveling around the Russian North in 1904. Emperor Nicholas II, who received the poet with a report on the unique discovery, not only took the find extremely seriously, but also allocated funds from the treasury for further research. Based on information taken from the Stone Book, Nikolai Gumilyov organizes an expedition to the islands of the Kuzovsky archipelago in the White Sea, where he finds ancient burials and a golden comb, unique in the purity of the metal. This comb was called “Hyperborean” and was lost along with other treasures that belonged to the famous ballerina Matilda Kshesinskaya. And the emperor himself gave her this comb.

This is how Gumilyov himself described this find: “For excavations, we chose a stone pyramid on the island, which is called Russian Body, unfortunately, the pyramid turned out to be empty, and we were about to finish the work on the island when I asked the workers, without particularly counting on anything, to dismantle the small pyramid that was located about ten meters from the first one. There, to my incredible joy, there were stones tightly fitted to each other. The very next day we managed to open this burial. The Vikings did not bury their dead and did not build stone tombs, I concluded that this burial belongs to more ancient civilization. The grave contained the skeleton of a woman, no objects except one. Near the woman’s skull there was a golden comb of amazing workmanship, on top of which a girl in a tight-fitting tunic sat on the backs of two dolphins carrying her.”.

Ancient myths found their amazing confirmation in the sensational discoveries of the expedition undertaken in the summer of 5005 on the Kuzovskaya archipelago under the leadership of the St. Petersburg public figure Konstantin Sevenard, which can radically change the traditional view of the history of the world. Researchers managed to find traces of the Stone Book. Mentions of this artifact are contained in Russian fairy tales, folk poetry, even in monastery records and lives of saints. The Stone Book itself is hieroglyphs carved on the rocks along the banks White Sea Fab. A section of rocks with hieroglyphs is up to 80 meters wide, but in 1962 this area was flooded.
As Sevenard reported, in the summer of 2005 he organized an expedition to the White Sea and discovered artificial mounds on the island of Nemetsky Kuzov. According to the expert opinion, two rows of artificial stonework, composed of natural granite blocks measuring 0.5-1.5 meters in size, have been preserved in this place. According to available archival data, it was here in 1904 that Nikolai Gumilev, on an expedition organized by Nicholas II, discovered a unique gold comb. Excavations of the mound may make it possible to prove the existence of an ancient civilization that possessed many of the secrets of humanity, including the secret of making gold of the purest purity, inaccessible to modern technologies. Conducting underwater archaeological work at the bottom of the reservoir of the Belomorskaya Hydroelectric Power Station, where, according to some sources, the rock inscriptions, created more than 18 thousand years ago, which were called the Dove, or Stone, book. It was flooded during the construction of a hydroelectric power station.

In July 2006, a search expedition from Petrozavodsk set off to the Kuzova archipelago to check all available information. The expedition was successful, but comprehensive research is just beginning. IN historical research there is no last point. And the main discoveries, as always, are ahead!Thanks to Russian ascetic scientists, Hyperborea literally rose from historical oblivion in just a couple of decades - a mere trifle by historical standards. And now, with some incredibly fantastic speed, it is turning not only into a socio-cultural, but also a HYPER-technological phenomenon of the 3rd millennium. It seems that the Spirit of Hyperborea is trying not to be late for some well-known deadline and wants to do something very important for people

The mystery of the Hyperborea civilization

Details in the program “Territory of Delusions with Igor Prokopenko.”
Photos from open sources.

Modern civilization was preceded by dozens of other

Life on Earth depends entirely on climate, but it is too changeable. It is influenced by solar activity, the speed of rotation of the Earth, chemical composition atmosphere: Climate change leads to disasters on a planetary scale. And then they change geographical coordinates territories where life can exist.

— How to explain that migratory birds fly to the Arctic every spring? The answer is simple: birds fly to the homeland of their ancient ancestors. Genetic memory unmistakably takes them to places where many thousands of years ago it was warm, light, cozy and humid. On geographical map, compiled in 1513 by the Turkish admiral and cartographer Piri Reis, depicts the then unknown Antarctic continent. It is not covered with snow - does this mean that Antarctica was once inhabited?

It is already known that our civilization was preceded by dozens of others, including Hyperborea. One of the most respected scientists ancient world Pliny the Elder wrote about the Hyperboreans as a real people who lived near the Arctic Circle. In the Northern Hemisphere, stone structures have been preserved, which scientists have not yet undertaken to date. They also do not know the purpose of these buildings. The famous cromlech of Stonehenge in England, the alley of menhirs in French Brittany, the stone labyrinths of Solovki and Kola Peninsula built using the same technology. Perhaps these buildings remained from the Hyperborean civilization.

In 1904, the expedition of the famous Russian historian Nikolai Gumilyov discovered an ancient burial place on one of the islands of the Kuzovsky archipelago. It was there that an object was found that was included in scientific works as the “Hyperborean comb.” This exquisitely crafted women's comb is made of high-carat gold and decorated with images of dolphins. His age gave reason to believe that he belongs to an ancient civilization. The golden comb disappeared during the Nazi occupation. However, other evidence of the existence of Hyperborea was found on the islands of the Kuzovsky archipelago.

The Kuzovsky archipelago is the last fragment of Hyperborea. 16 islands are located 20 km from the mainland. People don't live there today, there are only wild nature and ancient sanctuaries. The second largest island of the archipelago is called German Body. It is surrounded by a ring of dolmens. During excavations, archaeologists discovered there not only primitive tools - arrowheads and stone axes - but also hundreds of charred stones of unknown purpose. A huge piece of white quartz was also found there. There is no such breed anywhere neighboring islands, nor on the mainland within a radius of 100 km. How did the stone end up on the top of the mountain? Someone (most likely the Hyperboreans) brought the stone on purpose.

In 2003, during a research expedition conducted by the Russian Geographical Society, a stone throne from the times of Hyperborea was found, to which worn steps led directly from the shore. And one more historical fact. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russian explorer Matvey Gedenshtrom discovered strange embankment structures on the island of New Siberia. Judging by the descriptions, these were the remains of a charred skeleton defensive structure. The ash on the logs had time to petrify. And the structure itself was made of giant ship logs. But forests do not grow on Arctic islands. Gedenstrom's find suggests that Far North it was much warmer if there were trees there. Then the Earth became sharply colder, and after a few centuries global warming began again. The same process threatens our planet today.

You will find out the details on November 5 at 20.30 in the program “Territory of Delusions with Igor Prokopenko” on the REN TV channel.

The Mystery of Nikolai Gumilyov

The name of Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev forever entered Russian literature as one of the bright and talented poets of the Silver Age, who managed to return to the Russian people, despite many years of oblivion by the grace of the communists who fiercely hated him, who shot him in 1921.

Have you finished your poems? It is unlikely that Nikolai Gumilyov was a military officer, a holder of two St. Georges and a talented Russian intelligence officer: many Western intelligence services dreamed of destroying him...

POET AND TRAVELER

Many Russian travelers - Przhevalsky, Kozlov, Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, Arsenyev and others - were career intelligence officers of the Russian General Staff. Along with scientific, geographical and ethnographic work, they carried out secret tasks of the Russian military command and personally of the Emperor. The travelers were illegally closely connected with the intelligence of the Russian General Staff, which encouraged the scientific activities of the Imperial Geographical Society. It is worth noting how sharply and quickly, after many famous journeys to Asia and the East, Russian troops were able to advance into these difficult regions.

A well-established technique in intelligence activities is the use famous people, who are engaged in things that seem to be far from the interests of intelligence, as strictly undercover employees carrying out secret tasks for the intelligence services of their countries. The famous Russian poet Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov became exactly such a scout. In addition to creating amazing poetry, he was a famous traveler who, without interrupting his literary work, made a number of interesting trips to Europe and Africa. Gumilyov bravely visited the Dark Continent alone three times between 1907 and 1913. Why brave? In many places there were no rudiments of civilization, not to mention cities, running water, hotels and doctors. When Nikolai Stepanovich was asked about the purpose of his trips, he usually smiled softly and slightly mysteriously in response. After each trip, the poet produced a cycle of amazingly powerful poems. Experts studying the life and work of the poet, officer and intelligence officer Gumilyov believe that from his travels Nikolai Stepanovich brought not only beautiful poems, but also secret, interesting reports for the intelligence department of the Russian General Staff.

But a number of historians repeat: it was not possible to find documents in the archives indicating Gumilyov’s involvement in the work of the intelligence department of the Russian General Staff. Perhaps the documents existed, but were destroyed during the revolutions. Or they didn’t exist at all - intelligence services often attract people like Gumilyov to close cooperation for the benefit of the Fatherland without completing any documents. Nikolai Stepanovich was a nobleman and considered serving the Russian state a sacred duty. And the nobles in officer’s, or even general’s uniform, who had the same high concept of honor and duty, probably asked him for help. One honest word was enough for them. A secret is better kept if it cannot be reached. Let us turn to indirect data: they are no less eloquent than the yellowed papers of archival documents sealed with wax seals.

By the beginning of the 20th century, England, France, Italy and partly Germany had actually completed the division of the territories of East and Northeast Africa. The only country that managed to defend its independence was Abyssinia - modern Ethiopia. Without a doubt, Russian intelligence had its own interests in this troubled region and made efforts to obtain reliable strategic information. In 1907 and 1910, Nikolai Gumilyov made two expeditions to this African region. In 1913, Gumilyov committed the third, most long trip to Africa via Abyssinia-Ethiopia. An experienced intelligence officer, who has visited this region twice, has managed to acquire some sources of information there and is well acquainted with the situation, can manage to do a lot in six months. Officially, the expedition of Nikolai Gumilyov, in which N.L. Sverchkov also participated, was carried out on the instructions and under the auspices of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. The director of the museum, academician Vasily Vasilyevich Radlov, in a surprisingly short time managed to come to an agreement with the board of the Russian Voluntary Fleet, and the sailors agreed to transport Gumilyov and Sverchkov from Odessa to Djibouti and back for free. The travelers did not travel on the ship in the hold and not in third class. This says a lot.

What is the purpose of Gumilyov’s journey? Officially - to visit Abyssinia to collect an ethnographic collection and survey the Galla and Somali tribes. But the poet goes to the area between the Somali Peninsula and Lake Rudolf to take photographs of the area there. Along the way, Gumilyov was engaged in ethnographic research. Upon returning to Russia, Nikolai Stepanovich provided the museum with three ethnographic collections. According to experts, they brought a huge collection of photographs and sketches, but these materials did not end up in the museum. They were not found in the poet’s personal archive either. Consequently, they were received by the true customer - the General Staff!

POET AND OFFICER

When did the first one begin? World War, the poet entered the hussar regiment, where he became a front-line intelligence officer. Such details are known from the memoirs of the poet’s wife, the great Russian poetess Anna Akhmatova. Let us add that for his bravery, warrant officer Nikolai Gumilyov received two St. George Crosses. During the same period, he submitted to the Russian General Staff a memorandum specially prepared by him, which contained a comprehensive description of Abyssinia-Ethiopia from the point of view of its “military potential.”

It was probably an interesting document. During his stay in this country, Gumilyov showed sociability, unusual for a poet, but very characteristic of a professional intelligence officer, and purposefully made the necessary contacts on different levels authorities and in different strata of society, acquired important sources of information. This truly filigree operational work was crowned with impressive results. Gumilyov established good relations with many tribal leaders, ministers and was introduced to Emperor Menelik II, who was overthrown during civil war. Having managed to foresee the course of events, Nikolai Stepanovich, through unknown means, met and established contacts with... the future Emperor of Abyssinia, Haile Selassie I, who then bore the simple name of Tafari and served as governor of the province of Harrara. Such insight and perseverance in achieving goals can only be demonstrated by a professional intelligence officer of the highest class, who is perfectly familiar with the political situation in the host country. This irrefutably proves: Nikolai Stepanovich was not only a poet.

Gumilyov's relations with the Bolsheviks were rather strained, although he did not oppose the communists and the dictatorship they established in the country. This has been absolutely proven: no documents have been found indicating the poet’s participation in a conspiracy against Soviet power, the so-called Tagantsev affair. All charges were falsified to punish the poet, officer and Russian intelligence officer.

In the spring of 1918, the poet found an opportunity to offer his services as a specialist in Abyssinia to Russia’s former allies and asked to join the Mesopotamian front. The British and their famous “Secret Intelligence Service” opposed this. Britain had its “intelligence star” there - the unsurpassed specialist in the Middle East, Thomas Edward Lawrence, Colonel of His Majesty’s Armed Forces. Why do we need a Russian competitor?

It is possible that this appeal played a fatal role in the fate of Gumilyov. Security officers and high-ranking Bolshevik figures became aware of him, among whom was Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev, aka Radomyslsky, aka Apfelbaum, according to some sources, associated with German intelligence. Events developed according to a tragic scenario. Apfelbaum probably reported to his masters from the German intelligence services about Gumilyov’s connections with the allies and received the task of destroying the intelligence officer. Gumilyov became “a participant in Tagantsev’s conspiracy.”

On the 20th of August 1921, in the Kovalevsky forest, near Petrograd, along with many other faithful sons of Russia, the life of the amazing Russian poet, brave officer and talented intelligence officer Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilyov was cut short. He was thirty-five years old. He took his secret with him...

The poet and traveler of the Silver Age Nikolai Gumilyov, traveling in 1904 through the Russian North, saw hieroglyphs carved on a rock slope near the city of Belomorsk in one of the deep ravines at the mouth of the Indel River. He was sure that this was the legendary Stone Book, which contained the original knowledge about the world and became the primary source for myths and legends of almost all peoples of the world. Another name of the book is Pigeon, which comes from the “pigeon” hieroglyphs with which the book is written. To make it easier to read, the author of the book, Phoebus, left for his descendants a stone dictionary of symbols, in which hieroglyphs that denoted, for example, stars, the sun, a person, a seagull or a dragon, corresponded to an “explanatory” image. It was this dictionary that helped the young Gumilyov decipher the writings of the Dove Book, references to which are contained in Russian fairy tales, folk poetry, even in monastery records and lives of saints.

In the rock Pigeon book, Gumilyov read some revelations about
the structure of the world, the physical and spiritual interaction of all life on the planet,
which more than 100 thousand years ago was inhabited by representatives of a completely different
a civilization destroyed by a grueling civil war. Conflict
flared up between the Wiki who knew the secret of the philosopher's stone and possessed
right to eternal life, and Aryans deprived of this privilege. After graduation
war and the death of the queen Mob the rebel leader Phoebus led away the survivors
Aryans to the south.

With a report on the northern expedition and the discovered Stone Book of the 18-year-old
Nikolai Gumilyov was hosted by Emperor Nicholas II, who treated
find with extreme seriousness, therefore further research by Gumilyov,
as well as his studies at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum were financed from the royal treasury.

From the texts of the Stone Book translated by Gumilev it follows that “Feb buried
on the island, which according to the description coincides with the island of the German body, under two
huge mounds of their son and daughter, and opposite, on an island similar to
Russian body, his wife – the queen of the Vikov empire – Mob.”

Following the texts of the Stone Book, Gumilyov organizes an expedition to Kuzovskaya
archipelago, where he opens an ancient tomb, in which he finds a unique comb
made of 1000-carat gold (such purity of gold has not yet been achieved).
This is how Gumilyov himself described this find: “For excavations, we chose a stone pyramid on the island, which is called Russian Body, unfortunately, the pyramid turned out to be empty, and we were about to finish the work on the island when I asked the workers, not for anything in particular hoping to dismantle a small pyramid, which was located about ten meters from the first. There, to my incredible joy, there were stones tightly fitted to each other. The very next day we managed to open this burial. The Vikings did not bury their dead or build stone tombs, so I concluded that this burial belongs to an older civilization. The grave contained the skeleton of a woman, no objects except one. Near the woman’s skull there was a golden comb of amazing workmanship, on top of which a girl in a tight-fitting tunic sat on the backs of two dolphins carrying her.”

According to legend, this comb, which was called “Hyperborean,” was presented by Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich to the ballerina Matilda Kshesinskaya at the request of Emperor Nicholas II. “There is every reason to believe, following family legends, that the comb still lies in the hiding place of Kshesinskaya’s mansion in St. Petersburg,” says St. Petersburg public figure and researcher Konstantin Sevenard, who considers himself a descendant of Kshesinskaya. Indirect evidence is the fact that after the October Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks, in search of a unique comb, were one of the first to seize this particular mansion, and the American Freemasons offered Kshesinskaya herself to sell the comb for 4.5 million gold rubles. Sevenard, having studied all the diaries and letters of the ballerina, claims that Kshesinskaya considered the “Hyperborean Crest” to be a kind of catalyst for the revolution.

The further fate of N. Gumilyov is also symbolic. After the first revolution, he led the largest expedition to Africa in the history of Russia in search of the legendary land of Mu, which he learned about from the texts of the Stone Book. The collection brought by him and his nephew N. L. Sverchkov from Africa, according to experts, is in second place after the Miklouho-Maclay collection. Konstantin Sevenard also associates the execution of Gumilyov in 1921 with the secret knowledge that the Stone Book endowed the poet with and to which, according to him, the Freemasons are very partial.

The traces of ancestors in our North have been known for a long time, a huge contribution to their research was made by my friend and comrade-in-arms, the first leader of the Russian Popular Front, Doctor of Philosophy, the untimely deceased Valery Nikitich Demin (1942-2006) in a series of books about Hyperborea, and the Kuzovsky archipelago in the White Sea no less more significant for our history than Solovki. Nowadays, everyone can visit these fabulous places in the summer, covered with many legends and ancient evidence. I was interested in a note by Timur Nazikulov from the newspaper “Moskovskaya Pravda” five years ago under the heading “Finds” (November 2, 2005, No. 241 /25252/, p. 2) - “The “Pigeon Book” of Nikolai Gumilyov: Russian researchers have discovered unknown pages of the biography of the great poet "):

“Last week, a press conference was held in Moscow by Konstantin Sevenard, a famous researcher of antiquity and public figure from St. Petersburg. The theme of the event was the sensational findings of the Sevenard expedition undertaken this summer on the Kuzovskaya archipelago in the White Sea. Researchers managed to discover traces of the “Stone Book” - a “divine” artifact of Ancient Rus'. According to the organizers of the expedition, references to the “Stone Book” are contained in the works of Lomonosov, Roerich, who tried to comprehend the secret of this legendary monument, and especially in the works of Nikolai Gumilyov, who was favored by the emperor after a trip to the Russian north in 1904, where the poet discovered flat rocks with mysterious hieroglyphs - pages of the “Stone Book”.

“I have been seriously interested in this time for a long time,” says Konstantin Sevenard. - I managed to gain access to materials currently stored in a special storage facility, in particular, to the diary entries of Matilda Feliksovna Kshesinskaya, my grandmother. From them I learned the story of a gold comb of a uniquely high standard, found by Gumilev in one of his northern expeditions, then given to Matilda by Nicholas II and disappeared along with a significant part of her treasures. I continued to search for information on this topic and came across Gumilyov’s diaries, as well as his report on the expedition, which, as it turned out, was financed from the royal treasury. In the report, he describes his findings - a stone book and an ancient tomb. One of the finds during the exploration of the tomb was the comb.”

All these facts, according to researchers, are confirmed, first of all, by the work of Symbolist and Acmeist poets, whose recognized ideologist is Nikolai Gumilyov. The theme of the “Stone Book” repeatedly appears in the poems of Niklay Zabolotsky, Velimir Khlebnikov, Konstantin Balmont, Andrei Bely, Osip Mandelstam.

However, Sevenard's research has now been suspended. To conduct archaeological surveys on the islands of Russian Body and German Body and full-scale underwater research of the bottom landscape in the place where the mouth of the Indel River was once located, and therefore the “Stone Book” is located, permission from the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation is required.

This is not easy to achieve - for five years, Konstantin Sevenard, while a deputy of the State Duma, tried to obtain permission to research papers in the mansion of his grandmother M.F. Kshesinskaya, but neither the well-developed project nor the willingness to fully finance the work of archaeological specialists could break through the administrative obstacles.”

Nikolai Gumilyov, whose poems were removed from literary circulation in the second half of the 1920s, represented the image of a literary theorist who sincerely believed that the artistic word can not only influence the minds of people, but also transform the surrounding reality.

The creativity of the Silver Age legend directly depended on his worldview, in which the dominant role was occupied by the idea of ​​the triumph of the spirit over the flesh. Throughout his life, the prose writer deliberately drove himself into difficult, difficult-to-solve situations for one simple reason: only at the moment of collapse of hopes and losses did true inspiration come to the poet.

Childhood and youth

On April 3, 1886, the ship's doctor Stepan Yakovlevich Gumilyov and his wife Anna Ivanovna had a son, who was named Nikolai. The family lived in port city Kronstadt, and after the resignation of the head of the family (1895) they moved to St. Petersburg. As a child, the writer was an extremely sick child: daily headaches drove Nikolai into a frenzy, and increased sensitivity to sounds, smells and tastes made his life almost unbearable.

During an exacerbation, the boy was completely disoriented in space and often lost his hearing. His literary genius manifested itself at the age of six. Then he wrote his first quatrain, “Niagara Lived.” Nikolai entered the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium in the fall of 1894, but studied there for only a couple of months. Because of his sickly appearance, Gumilev was repeatedly ridiculed by his peers. In order not to traumatize the child’s already unstable psyche, the parents transferred their son to home schooling out of harm’s way.

The Gumilev family spent 1900–1903 in Tiflis. There the sons of Stepan and Anna recovered their health. At the local educational institution where the poet studied, his poem “I fled from the cities to the forest...” was published. After some time, the family returned to Tsarskoe Selo. There Nikolai resumed his studies at the gymnasium. He was not interested in either the exact sciences or the humanities. Then Gumilyov was obsessed with creativity and spent all his time reading his works.

Due to incorrectly set priorities, Nikolai began to fall significantly behind the program. Only through the efforts of the director of the gymnasium, the decadent poet I.F. Annensky, did Gumilyov manage to obtain a matriculation certificate in the spring of 1906. One year before graduation educational institution Nikolai's first book of poems, “The Path of the Conquistadors,” was published at the expense of his parents.

Literature

After the exams, the poet went to Paris. In the capital of France, he attended lectures on literary criticism at the Sorbonne and was a regular at painting exhibitions. In the writer’s homeland, Gumilyov published the literary magazine “Sirius” (3 issues were published). Thanks to Gumilyov, I was lucky enough to meet both , and , and . At first, the masters were skeptical about Nikolai’s work. The poem “Androgyne” helped recognized artists to see Gumilyov’s literary genius and change their anger to mercy.

In September 1908, the prose writer went to Egypt. In the first days of his stay abroad he behaved like typical tourist: went sightseeing, studied the culture of local tribes and swam in the Nile. When the funds ran out, the writer began to starve and spent the night on the street. Paradoxically, these difficulties in no way broke the writer. The hardships aroused only positive emotions in him. Upon returning to his homeland, he wrote several poems and stories (“Rat”, “Jaguar”, “Giraffe”, “Rhinoceros”, “Hyena”, “Leopard”, “Ship”).

Few people know, but a couple of years before the trip he created a cycle of poems called “Captains”. The cycle consisted of four works that were united by the common idea of ​​travel. The thirst for new impressions pushed Gumilyov to study the Russian North. During his acquaintance with the city of Belomorsk (1904), in the ravine of the mouth of the Indel River, the poet saw hieroglyphs carved on a stone slope. He was sure that he had found the legendary Stone Book, which, according to legend, contained the original knowledge of the world.

From the translated text, Gumilyov learned that the ruler Fab buried his son and daughter on the island of the German body, and his wife on the island of the Russian body. With the assistance of the emperor, Gumilev organized an expedition to the Kuzovskaya archipelago, where he opened an ancient tomb. There he discovered a unique “Hyperborean” comb.

According to legend, he gave the find into the possession of a ballerina. Scientists suggest that the comb still lies in the cache of the Kshesinskaya mansion in St. Petersburg. Soon after the expedition, fate brought the writer together with the fanatical explorer of the Dark Continent - academician Vasily Radlov. The poet managed to persuade the ethnologist to enroll him as an assistant in the Abyssinian expedition.

In February 1910, after a dizzying trip to Africa, he returned to Tsarskoye Selo. Despite the fact that his return was caused by a dangerous illness, not a trace remained of his former loss of spirit and decadent poetry. Having finished work on the collection of poems “Pearls,” the prose writer again left for Africa. He returned from the trip on March 25, 1911 in a hospital tent with an attack of tropical fever.

He used forced seclusion to creatively process the collected impressions, which later resulted in “Abyssinian Songs,” included in the collection “Alien Sky.” After a trip to Somalia, the African poem “Mik” saw the light of day.

In 1911, Gumilyov founded the “Workshop of Poets,” which included many representatives of Russia’s literary elite (Vladimir Narbut, Sergei Gorodetsky). In 1912, Gumilev announced the emergence of a new artistic movement - Acmeism. The poetry of the Acmeists overcame symbolism, bringing back into fashion the rigor and harmony of poetic structure. In the same year, the Acmeists opened their own publishing house, Hyperborey, and a magazine of the same name.

Gumilev was also enrolled as a student at St. Petersburg University in the Faculty of History and Philology, where he studied Old French poetry.

The First World War destroyed all the writer’s plans - Gumilyov went to the front. For the bravery shown during hostilities, he was elevated to the rank of officer and awarded two St. George's Crosses. After the revolution, the writer completely devoted himself to literary activity. In January 1921, Nikolai Stepanovich became chairman of the Petrograd department of the All-Russian Union of Poets, and in August of the same year the master was detained and taken into custody.

Personal life

The writer met his first wife in 1904 at a ball dedicated to the celebration of Easter. At that time, the ardent young man tried to imitate his idol in everything: he wore a top hat, curled his hair and even slightly tinted his lips. A year after they met, he proposed to the pretentious person and, having received a refusal, plunged into hopeless depression.

From the biography of the Silver Age legend, it is known that due to failures on the love front, the poet twice tried to commit suicide. The first attempt was presented with the theatrical bombast characteristic of Gumilyov. The unfortunate gentleman went to resort town Tourville, where he planned to drown himself. The critic’s plans were not destined to come true: the vacationers mistook Nikolai for a tramp, called the police and, instead of going on his final journey, the writer went to the police station.

Seeing his failure as a sign from above, the prose writer wrote a letter to Akhmatova in which he again proposed to her. Anna once again refused. Heartbroken, Gumilyov decided to finish what he started at any cost: he took poison and went to await death in the Bois de Boulogne in Paris. The attempt again turned into a shameful curiosity: then his body was picked up by vigilant forest rangers.

At the end of 1908, Gumilyov returned to his homeland, where he continued to woo the young poetess. As a result, the persistent guy received consent to the marriage. In 1910, the couple got married and went to Honeymoon in Paris. There, the writer had a whirlwind romance with the artist Amedeo Modigliani. Nikolai, in order to save his family, insisted on returning to Russia.

A year after the birth of their son Leo (1912–1992), a crisis occurred in the relationship between the spouses: unconditional adoration and all-consuming love were replaced by indifference and coldness. While Anna showed signs of attention to young writers at social events, Nikolai also looked for inspiration on the side.

In those years, the actress of the Meyerhold Theater Olga Vysotskaya became the writer’s muse. The young people met in the fall of 1912 at an anniversary celebration, and already in 1913, Gumilyov’s son, Orest, was born, whose existence the poet never knew.

The polarity in their views on life led to the fact that in 1918 Akhmatova and Gumilyov separated. Having barely freed himself from the shackles of family life, the poet met his second wife, Anna Nikolaevna Engelhardt. The writer met the hereditary noblewoman at Bryusov’s lecture.

The prose writer's contemporaries noted the girl's immeasurable stupidity. According to Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, Nikolai was baffled by her judgments, devoid of any logic. The writer’s student Irina Odoevtseva said that the master’s chosen one, not only in appearance, but also in development, seemed like a 14-year-old girl. The writer's wife and his daughter Elena died of hunger during. Neighbors said that Anna could not move due to weakness, and rats ate her for several days.

Death

On August 3, 1921, the poet was arrested as an accomplice in the anti-Bolshevik conspiracy of the “Petrograd Combat Organization of V.N. Tagantsev.” The writer's colleagues and friends (Mikhail Lozinsky, Anatoly Lunacharsky, Nikolai Otsup) tried in vain to rehabilitate Nikolai Stepanovich in the eyes of the country's leadership and rescue him from captivity. A close friend of the leader of the world proletariat also did not stand aside: he twice appealed to Gumilyov with a request for pardon, but Vladimir Ilyich remained faithful to his decision.

On August 24, the Petrograd GubChK issued a decree on the execution of participants in the “Tagantsevsky conspiracy” (56 people in total), and on September 1, 1921, the Petrogradskaya Pravda newspaper published a hit list, in which Nikolai Gumilyov was listed thirteenth.

The poet spent his last evening in a literary circle, surrounded by young people who idolized him. On the day of his arrest, the writer, as usual, stayed with his students after lectures and returned home long after midnight. An ambush was organized at the prose writer’s apartment, which the master in no way could have known about.

After being taken into custody, in a letter addressed to his wife, the writer assured her that there was nothing to worry about and asked her to send him a volume and tobacco. Before the execution, Gumilyov wrote on the wall of his cell:

“Lord, forgive my sins, I’m going on my last journey.”

70 years after the death of the eminent poet, materials were declassified proving that the conspiracy was completely fabricated by NKVD officer Yakov Agranov. Due to the lack of evidence of a crime, the writer’s case was officially closed in 1991.

It is not known for certain where the writer is buried. According to the former wife of the prose writer Anna Akhmatova, his grave is located within the city of Vsevolozhsk near the Berngardovka microdistrict near the powder magazine at the Rzhev artillery range. It is there, on the banks of the Lubya River, that a memorial cross stands to this day.

The literary heritage of the Silver Age legend has been preserved in both poetry and prose. In 2007, the singer set the text of the poem by the eminent artist “Monotine ones flash…” to the music of Anatoly Balchev and presented the world with the composition “Romance”, for which a video was shot the same year.

Bibliography

• "Don Juan in Egypt" (1912);
• "The Game" (1913);
• "Actaeon" (1913);
• “Notes of a Cavalryman” (1914–1915);
• "Black General" (1917);
• "Gondla" (1917);
• "Child of Allah" (1918);
• “Soul and Body” (1919);
• "The Young Franciscan" (1902);
• “Along the walls of an empty house...” (1905);
• “The heart struggled for so long...” (1917);
• "The Horror" (1907);
• “No flowers live with me...” (1910);
• "The Glove" (1907);
• “Tender and unprecedented joy” (1917);
• "The Witch" (1918);
• “Sometimes I am sad...” (1905);
• “Night and Dark Thunderstorm” (1905);
• "In the Desert" (1908);
• "African Night" (1913);
• "Love" (1907)