Leninskie Gory d 1, page Leninskie Gory

The steep bank above the Moscow River has long been known as Sparrow Hills. After the death of the organizer of the Great October Revolution, the mountains were named Leninsky, and in the wake of renaming in the 1990s, the historical name returned. But on modern maps of Moscow, both names bizarrely coexist - the Vorobyovy Gory nature reserve and the Leninsky Gory microdistrict, which includes several dozen university buildings. All buildings of the complex have the address “Leninskie Gory, building 1” and differ in the number of the building, only the sectors of the Main building of Moscow State University are designated not by numbers, but by letters.

In 1949-1953, an entire city was built on the Lenin Hills, in which thousands of people study, work and live.

Moscow State University. 1956: https://pastvu.com/p/29057

The main building of Moscow State University (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 1): Rector's Office, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Faculty of Geology, Faculty of Geography, Museum of Geography and other educational and social institutions.

According to the Mospromstroy website, “work on the construction of the box-shaped foundation of the main building of Moscow State University began in May 1949. During construction, a method was used that ensured the stability of the building on the moving soils of the Moscow River. The ground part of the building was assembled from a steel frame, and to increase the rigidity and protection of the structure, individual parts of the frame were reinforced with concrete.

The volume of materials required for construction was impressive. The length of the access roads was 11 kilometers, and the trains carrying cargo from all over the country could not be counted. In just four months, over 6,000 tons of steel reinforcement and 45,000 cubic meters of concrete were laid.

If you look at the spire with the naked eye, it appears to be covered in gold. In fact, this effect is created due to the original idea of ​​the designers. The spire is lined with glass, which is painted golden yellow, and its reverse side is metalized with aluminum.” According to the original project, instead of a spire, it was planned to install a giant monument to Lomonosov on top of the building.

Pit for the main building. 1948: https://pastvu.com/p/442175

Concreting the bottom slab of the foundation. 1948: https://pastvu.com/p/442177

The construction of the high-rise was surrounded by urban legends. While Soviet newspapers wrote about the mechanization of processes and the work of Komsomol volunteers, townspeople told fascinating stories from the lives of construction prisoners: how prisoners dissatisfied with the regime were walled up alive in the walls, and the most dexterous worker managed to fly away from a high-rise building on a hang glider built from improvised plywood. Why was such a massive structure built near the unstable slope of the Sparrow Hills, from which the first failed version of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and the unbuilt monument to Prince Vladimir could have crawled into the Moscow River? Of course, the engineers foresaw everything and pumped liquid nitrogen under the foundation of the gas plant to freeze the water-saturated soil. The system is still maintained in working order by powerful underground refrigerators. Several more myths are associated with the building materials for the Main Building; pink marble from the Berlin Reichstag and jasper columns that survived the demolition of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior were allegedly used in the interior decoration. Why weren’t the giant vacant lots along Michurinsky Avenue built up for several decades? There must certainly be some kind of secret here, for example, the objects of a secret metro line that connects strategic structures, including the Main Building of Moscow State University.

GZ from Lomonosovsky Prospekt. 1954-1956: https://pastvu.com/p/399626

GZ from the University Square

GZ. Main entrance. 1960: https://pastvu.com/p/40701 Over time, the Club entrance on the opposite side of the building became more visited.

GZ. A room in a student dormitory. 1953-1955: https://pastvu.com/p/31751

“When residents were moved into a newly built university building, along with the keys to the room, they were given 31 pieces of furniture, including an oak secretary, two chairs, a table, a down pillow and a rug. The apartments in the professorial buildings were very good by the standards of those years - with a kitchen, bedroom, office, dining room and living room. And they also rented out fully equipped,” says the website www.newsmsk.com

The interiors of the high-rise floors are decorated modestly, but everyone who increased the glory of Russian science is remembered here: the names of scientists are immortalized in the names of the classrooms. In the Main building there are both gigantic auditoriums for hundreds of students, and small ones, designed for two dozen students.

The high-rise spire is reflected in the windows of the new buildings on Lomonosovsky Prospekt. Not so long ago this place was a wasteland.

Lomonosovsky prospect. 1994: https://pastvu.com/p/69146 Now on the opposite side of the avenue stands the Fundamental Library, and this photo reminds us of where the University-Matveevskoye railway line ran. Do you see a freight train passing? Townspeople remember the clothing market that was there until 2003, and then construction of the library building began.

One of the buildings is named Shuvalovsky in honor of Count Ivan Shuvalov, one of the founders of the Imperial Moscow University.

Two identical buildings were built by 1953 for the faculties of physics and chemistry.

Physics building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 2). Faculty of Physics 1953: https://pastvu.com/p/18228

The teaching of physics at the Imperial Moscow University began in 1755, the year of the establishment of Moscow University. The Department of Physics was one of four departments of the Faculty of Philosophy. “Happiest is the one who reveres physics, which, more than all other sciences, serves to increase the benefit of society and to strengthen piety” (from the materials of the first public debate on philosophy at Moscow University, 1756).

In 1933, after repeated structural reorganizations, the faculty system was restored at Moscow University. As a result, the Faculty of Physics was formed. Physicists from Moscow University took a direct part in the development of the Soviet atomic project. This work was headed by Academician Igor Kurchatov (since 1944, professor of the Department of the Atomic Nucleus of the Faculty of Physics). Under his leadership, the first cyclotron in Moscow was built (1944), the first atomic reactor in Europe (1946), the first Soviet atomic bomb was created (1949), the world's first nuclear power plant (1954) and the largest installation for conducting research on the implementation of controlled thermonuclear reactions (1958).

From 1958 to 1975, scientists from the Faculty of Physics received 24 diplomas for scientific discoveries officially registered in the USSR, out of 250 registered in all natural sciences. Of the 11 Russian Nobel Prize laureates in physics, seven worked or studied at the physics department.

Today, the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University is the leading educational and research center in Russia in the field of physics and astronomy. It consists of 40 departments, united into six departments: experimental and theoretical physics, solid state physics, radiophysics and electronics, nuclear physics, geophysics, astronomy.

Chemical building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 3)

Faculty of Chemistry. Construction. 1950: https://pastvu.com/p/428749

Still from the movie "Officers". 1970: https://pastvu.com/p/69422 The Faculty of Chemistry played the role of a military academy.

In the “Project on the Establishment of Moscow University”, at the suggestion of M.V. Lomonosov, the Department of Chemistry was introduced into the Faculty of Medicine. It was at this faculty that the teaching of chemistry, including “metallurgical chemistry and assay art,” began in 1758. Soon a specialized chemical laboratory was organized at the university. In 1804, in accordance with the new university charter, the department of chemistry became part of one of the four new structural divisions of the university - the department of physical and mathematical sciences, within which the teaching of chemistry acquired independent significance.

After the October Revolution, in 1921, a chemical department was established as part of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, which existed at Moscow University for eight years. In 1929, on the basis of the chemical department, the Faculty of Chemistry was established as an independent department of the university. In 1953, with the move to a new building, the structure of the faculty changed, four departments were created (physical chemistry; organic chemistry; inorganic and analytical chemistry; special). New complex buildings built on the Lenin Hills, created all the conditions for the activities of the Faculty of Chemistry, opening up wide opportunities for the intensification of educational and scientific processes, the development of new areas of research. And today the faculty continues to expand due to the emergence of new laboratories, departments, and innovation centers.

During the construction of the chemistry department building, hollow cores were used as load-bearing structures. reinforced concrete beams, in which ventilation pipes, plumbing, and electrical wiring for numerous laboratories were laid. Entering the building of the Faculty of Chemistry, you immediately realize that you are not at the wrong address, the hoods seem to be working, but the smell is specific. In addition to dozens of laboratories and classrooms, the building has three large auditoriums: Large, North and South.

Most of the buildings in the Leninskie Gory microdistrict were built in 1949-1953 and almost all are recognized as objects cultural heritage regional significance. In terms of facade design, they are inferior to the central buildings of the university campus - in appearance, these are ordinary research institutes, of which there are many in the capital. But the list of building names is impressive, emphasizing the diversity scientific disciplines, which are studied at Moscow State University.

Several streets divide the territory into rectangles - Kolmogorov Street, Academician Khokhlov Street, Academician Samarsky Street, Michurinskaya Alley, Mendeleevskaya Street, Lebedev Street - but all the buildings in the microdistrict are assigned to a single address “Leninskiye Gory, building 1”. There is no system in the numbering of buildings; buildings are scattered chaotically throughout the campus. For example, the Research Institute of Nuclear Physics at number 5 is located near Vernadsky Avenue, and the Institute of Mechanics at number 7 is located near Michurinsky Avenue. And next to the Institute of Mechanics there are buildings numbered 19, 41 and 74.

1958: https://pastvu.com/p/151713

Building of the Research Computing Center (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 4): Research Computing Center. Now the MSU SCC includes supercomputers “Lomonosov”, “Chebyshev”, “GraphIT!”

1956-1960: https://pastvu.com/p/108062 The Strela electronic computer occupied several rooms.

Building 19 (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 5): Research Institute of Nuclear Physics is one of the largest research institutes of Moscow State University, which is the base for training students and graduate students of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in the areas of nuclear, atomic physics, and space physics. The initiators of the creation of an institute for training specialists in nuclear physics for work on Soviet nuclear project there were Igor Kurchatov and Dmitry Skobeltsyn.

1973-1975: https://pastvu.com/p/40170 20th building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 6): laboratory for the study of cosmic radiation of the Scientific Research Institute of Nuclear Physics. In the mid-1950s, Metrostroy forces dug a vertical shaft under the building to a depth of 45 meters, where laboratory equipment was placed. Modern diggers have almost legally visited this mine and found only cut cables, de-energized and broken equipment. Drainage pumps are in working order and periodically pump out water.

The Institute of Mechanics (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 7 - Michurinsky Prospekt, building 1) was organized in 1959 by a Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR with the aim of developing research work in the field of mechanics, aimed at solving the most important problems of modern technology and improving the training necessary for the people specialist farms. During its existence, the institute has made outstanding contributions to hydroaerodynamics, the mechanics of unsteady processes in gaseous and liquid media, the mechanics of solid deformable bodies, the solution of problems of general mechanics and control processes, biomechanics, and the mechanics of natural processes.

The intersection of Lomonosovsky and Michurinsky prospects. 1974: https://pastvu.com/p/55645 The Institute of Mechanics is visible on the corner, then the Faculty of Biology. In the foreground is the railway track of the University-Matveevskoye line, dismantled by 2003.

Modern Moscow resembles desert island, which pirates dug up in search of treasure. In the summer of 2016, the treasure was searched for on Michurinsky Prospekt opposite the Institute of Mechanics.

Cryogenic building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 8): Department of Low Temperature Physics and Superconductivity, Faculty of Physics

Gas Electrochemistry Building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 9): Laboratory of Catalysis and Gas Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University

Radiochemistry Building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 10): Department of Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University

SVD building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 11): Department of Chemical Technology and New Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Department of Chemical Enzymology, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University

Biology and Soil Building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 12): Faculty of Biology, Faculty of Soil Science.

The Faculty of Biology was organized in 1930 on the basis of the Biological Department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow State University. Currently, the faculty is the largest educational and scientific center for training general biologists. The Faculty of Soil Science is a relatively young and dynamically developing faculty of Moscow University and the largest educational institution this direction in the country’s university education system. The faculty trains soil scientists and ecologists - specialists in the research and rational use of land resources, environmental assessment of the state of the natural environment.

Biology department from the windows of the Main building. 1960-1961: https://pastvu.com/p/3203

Botanical Garden. 1960-1962: https://pastvu.com/p/296667 The garden is closed to single free visits, but you can view the plants as part of an excursion group.

“On March 15, 1948, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution on the construction of a complex of new buildings for Moscow University on the Lenin Hills. The creation of an “Agrobotanical Garden” was also planned here. In the first years of the formation of the new Garden, many employees went on business trips and expeditions, as they said, “to get material,” which - living plants and seeds - they brought in large quantities.

More than 5,000 species, varieties and forms of plants present in the garden grow in the main collection areas: in the arboretum, rock garden, in areas of taxonomy, useful plants, flora of Central Russia, ornamental plants, in an orchard, as well as in greenhouses,” the official reports website of the Botanical Garden of the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University http://botsad.msu.ru

Well, in the 19th century, southwest of the village of Vorobyovo there was a cholera town with a cemetery (now it is part of the territory of the Botanical Garden, closer to University Avenue).

There are other attractions from the world of flora on the university territory, for example, sakura near the First Humanitarian Building or an old oak tree on the “Small Lawn” of University Square. They say that this oak became a meeting place for graduates of the geographical and physics faculties of Moscow State University.

Printing house (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 15)

Mechanical workshops, service buildings, warehouses (Leninskie Gory, building 1, buildings 16, 17, 39)

SAI (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 18 - University Avenue, building 13): State Astronomical Institute named after. P.K. Sternberg
The first university observatory opened in 1804 on the roof of the main building on Mokhovaya; it burned down during the occupation of Moscow by Napoleon's army. After the war, the merchant Zoy Zosima donated to the university a plot of land near the Presnenskaya outpost, where a stone observatory was built. The first observations of the starry sky began in 1831. Already in Soviet times, an astronomical institute was created there, named after Professor Pavel Sternberg. A separate large building was built for him on the Lenin Hills.

1956: https://pastvu.com/p/898 A forest managed to grow on the wasteland, among which a baseball stadium was built. Part of the former wasteland is occupied by outbuildings, hangars, and garages.

The current park around the traffic police looks unkempt; the paths to the research instruments are overgrown with grass. Here you feel the touch great history and sadness that the authorities, carried away by new innovative projects such as Skolkovo, forget about the origins of Soviet science.

Female students at a horizontal solar telescope. 1989: https://pastvu.com/p/425434

A building with a sliding roof, where there was an astronomical station wagon, on which Professor Vilen Nesterov experimented with observations in the first vertical.

Tower of the AZT-2 reflecting telescope

The APM-10 passage instrument is used to determine the time of passage of luminaries through some vertical plane, usually a meridian or the first vertical.

Tower of a dismantled telescope, which was sent to Uzbekistan back in Soviet times

Ventkiosk

The Meteorological Observatory (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 27) was founded in 1954 as an educational and methodological center and scientific base for studying the climate of Moscow. The observatory has a unique complex of continuous observations of the ecological and climatic characteristics of the atmosphere, which are carried out on the basis of modern methods in accordance with accepted international and domestic standards.

The observatory monitors numerous meteorological elements around the clock: atmospheric pressure; temperature of air, soil surface and ground at different depths up to 3.2 meters; depth of soil freezing; air humidity indicators; general and low cloudiness; the state of the sun's disk; atmospheric phenomena; amount and duration of precipitation; horizontal visibility range and cloud base; wind speed and direction; duration of sunshine; height of snow cover, etc.

In the foreground are sodars, which are used to measure the structure of vertical turbulence and wind profile in the lower layers of the atmosphere using sound sounding. This device periodically beeps, sending sound vibrations into the atmosphere.

In-patient department of the Faculty of Soil Science (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 28)

3rd academic building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 33): Faculty of Sociology

A few more buildings that can be classified as the oldest:
Hydrology Building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 19)
Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 24)
Vegetation house (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 24a)
Vivarium (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 25)
Laboratory of Electron Microscopy at the Faculty of Biology (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 32)

Of the later Soviet buildings, the 1st Humanitarian Building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 51), 1971, stands out. Here are the faculties of history, law, philology, philosophy, some auxiliary premises of the Faculty of Foreign Languages, the Institute of Public Administration and Social Research, as well as one of the largest humanities libraries.

The 2nd academic building (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 52) was commissioned in 1982, it houses the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, the Higher School of Business, the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, the Faculty of Pedagogical Education, and the Intensive Training Center foreign languages, Preparatory department.

In 1967, canteen No. 8 opened (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 44). The food in the dining room was excellent, especially for the professor's hall. They remember that the group “Time Machine” gave concerts here more than once.

In 1971, a grocery store opened (Leninskie Gory, building 1, building 54)

Metro station "University". 1978: https://pastvu.com/p/19167 University metro station opened in 1959. It is located at a decent distance from the main buildings of Moscow State University, since it was impossible to lay travel tunnels closer to the Main Building.

“University” is a rare case when two vestibules, two identical round pucks, were erected at the station. Even at the crowded VDNH station, which opened a year earlier, metro builders provided only one vestibule. The final scene of the film “I Walk Through Moscow” directed by Georgy Danelia with the participation of Nikita Mikhalkov, Galina Polskikh, Alexey Loktev was filmed in the station hall. “And I’m walking, walking around Moscow...” - “Why are you shouting?” - "I sing." - “Well, sing again!” The most romantic film about Moscow was released in 1963; the frame also included old courtyards, Garden Ring road, GUM, Intercession Cathedral, and especially interesting are the episodes filmed at the Gorky Central Park of Culture and Culture.

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- (until 1935 Vorobyovy Gory) the name of the steep right indigenous bank of the river. Moscow, in the southwest of Moscow (in the area from the mouth of the Setun River to the Okruzhnaya bridge railway, near Central Park culture and recreation). Height up to 80 m. Folded... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

"Lenin's mountains"- metro station on the Sokolnicheskaya line. Opened in 1959. Architects M.P. Bubnov, A.S. Markelov, M.F. Markovsky, A.K. Ryzhkov, B.I. Thor. The station is located in the lower tier of the metro bridge. The lobbies (architects N.I. Demchinsky, V.I. Aleshina) have... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)

Lenin's mountains- , their mountains. The name of the hill on the right bank of the river. Moscow within the city limits of Moscow (until 1924 Vorobyovy Gory). ITU, vol. 2, 248; BES, 702… Dictionary language of the Council of Deputies

Lenin's mountains- Lenin Mountains, the name of the Sparrow Hills in 192491 ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

Leninskie Gory (metro station)- Vorobyovy Gory station Sokolnicheskaya line of the Moscow metro “Leninskie Gory” before reconstruction (above) and “Vorobyovy Gory” after (below) ... Wikipedia

Sparrow Hills- This term has other meanings, see Vorobyovy Gory (meanings). Historical area in Moscow Vorobyovy Gory ... Wikipedia

Vorobyovy Gory (metro station)- This term has other meanings, see Vorobyovy Gory (meanings). The style of this article is non-encyclopedic or violates the norms of the Russian language. The article should be corrected according to the stylistic rules of Wikipedia... Wikipedia

Sparrow Hills

Sparrow Hills (Moscow)- Slopes of the Vorobyovy Gory Trinity Church on the Vorobyovy Gory Vorobyovy Gory (in 1935-1999 Lenin Hills) is the name of an area in the southwest of Moscow, which is the high right bank of the Moscow River (steep cliff of the Teplostan Upland, ... ... Wikipedia

Sparrow Hills- Slopes of the Vorobyovy Gory Trinity Church on the Vorobyovy Gory Vorobyovy Gory (in 1935-1999 Lenin Hills) is the name of an area in the southwest of Moscow, which is the high right bank of the Moscow River (steep cliff of the Teplostan Upland, ... ... Wikipedia

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• Leonid Martynov. Poems, Leonid Martynov. Lifetime edition. Moscow, 1957. Publishing house "Young Guard". Publisher's binding. The condition is good. The collection of Leonid Martynov presents his poems such as “Dream...

Today it is difficult to imagine Moscow without the majestic silhouette of the Main building of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. The largest of the capital's high-rise buildings has been rising on Vorobyovy Gory since 1953. It was this year that the four-year construction of the University Ensemble, designed by architects L. Rudnev, S. Chernyshev, P. Abrosimov and A. Khryakov, was completed. The chief engineer of the project was V.N. Nasonov.

The complex includes 30 main and 20 auxiliary buildings, an observatory, Botanical Garden, forest park, sports town. The area of ​​the complex occupies about 167 hectares.

Main building MSU or GZ (as students and teachers call it) has a broad front facing the center of Moscow. A clear silhouette is visible from the farthest distances. The main building, topped with a spire with a star, rises with giant ledges to a height of 235.7 m. The highest part of the building rises to 36 floors.
During the construction of MSU, a fundamentally new load-bearing system was developed. The developer of the system was the outstanding scientific designer N.V. Nikitin (creator of the Ostankino TV tower). The MSU building stands on a box-shaped foundation, as if “floating” in the ground and ensuring uniform settlement of the building. Original steel frame parts were also developed. The MSU building at that time was the most tall building in Europe.

The 18- and 9-story wings of the dormitories radiate from the Main Building, forming courtyards. Students and graduate students live in the dormitories, and apartments for university teachers are located in the corner towers.
In the central part of the main volume there are two faculties, an assembly hall with 1300 seats, science Library, museum. The building has high-speed elevators for 20 people. The remaining faculties occupy buildings located near the Main building. Built at the same time central building, they form a single ensemble of the scientific town.

The towers have giant dials of a clock, barometer and thermometer, which stand out in contrast against the light cladding of the building. For the first time, factory-made cladding panels were used to decorate the building.
WITH south side The building has a front yard with fountains and flower beds. Here in 1953year a monument to M.V. was erected. Lomonosov by the sculptor N. Tomsky.

Honored Soviet artists and sculptors took part in the decoration of the University Ensemble: N.V. Tomsky, S.T. Konenkov, M.K. Anikushin, E.V. Vuchetich, P.D. Korin, I.M. Toidze and others. The building of Moscow State University on Vorobyovy Gory was and remains a symbol not only of Moscow University, but of all Russian education.