How the bridge works in Russian. The bridge to Russky was called a “useless $1 billion structure.” Reinforced concrete stiffening beam


A major scandal that risks escalating into corruption is breaking out in Vladivostok. There, because of the rain, a bridge literally crumbled, which is a section of the road for the construction of which 29 billion budget rubles were allocated. According to local residents, the rain was quite ordinary - “medium intensity”, which means the bridge collapsed due to a construction defect. The reasons for such a rapid destruction of a large infrastructure facility built for the APEC summit have yet to be established, but now we can assume that the matter is most likely due to the carelessness of the general contractor, corruption and disregard of officials, as was the case with the notorious “dancing bridge” In Volgograd.

"Just a light rain"


As it turned out, the soil under the newly built section of the highway had started to creep. During the day, the soil under the road continued to shift downward, and this may continue in the event of rain expected in Vladivostok this coming weekend.

As a result, several tons of soil buried the garages with cars and, presumably, one boat inside: the road runs almost along the shore of Patroclus Bay.

“When I was standing there, I actually heard the wire breaking and the stones crunching,” a local resident writes about the situation on an online forum. - Creepy and scary. They forbade the children to go to the sea.”

“But it was just light rain of medium intensity for two days,” another eyewitness reports.

Local deputies drew attention to the situation with the highway. “I was at the site of the landslide,” City Duma deputy Alexander Yurtaev told PrimaMedia. - My point of view: the builders tried to make the wall more vertical because of the garages below. The route itself is straight, there are almost no storms on it, and it turns out that the entire flow of water flows directly towards the gabion mesh. And it was still light rain. What if an ordinary coastal typhoon charges? The asphalt had to be laid with a slight slope in the opposite direction so that the water would drain away. And the slope itself should be planted with grass and turf to support the stone laying. This road actually cut off our access to the beach. But the road could have been built differently, through Sakhalinskaya, and then the recreation area of ​​the microdistrict would have been preserved. Unfortunately, the situation has become emergency. Now, in order to remove the consequences, we will have to remove more than 40 meters of asphalt, since there is emptiness underneath, and do everything all over again.”

Local residents sent a collective letter to the governor of the region, Vladimir Miklushevsky, since, in their opinion, the construction of the road practically destroyed the beach, which turned into a rocky desert.

The retaining wall was installed directly on the garage


Representatives of the general contractor who built this section of the road, CJSC Pacific Bridge Construction Company (TMK), stated that the eight-kilometer section of the route where the soil collapse occurred was supposed to be put into operation only on July 1, but the cars of citizens could move along it, since it “It was convenient for them, but everyone turned a blind eye to it.”

Currently, traffic along the unfinished section of the highway is blocked by piles of soil piled up after the incident. The asphalt is covered with large faults and cracks over several tens of meters. Use this part of the road local residents now they are afraid. At the same time, TMK press secretary Olga Zarubina assured the Gazeta.ru portal that the incident will not affect the timing of putting the route into operation.

As a local resident named Alexey told reporters, the landslide could have been caused by the fact that builders began installing gabions of a retaining wall directly on the roof of his garage. According to the man, he warned the foreman that the garages were 40 years old and might not hold up. However, the builders did not pay attention to his remark.

ZAO TMK stated that a special commission is investigating the causes of the landslide and they will be named later. It is clear that one of the main reasons for the incident was the rains that continued in Vladivostok since June 9.

“The soil in the first few months after the construction of the road is very unstable and is susceptible to crumbling when abundantly moistened,” Oleg Skvortsov, president of the association of road research organizations, commented on the situation. - When the soil is overgrown with grass and stabilized, it is difficult to move the soil mass. It is difficult to say why the accident occurred. Both the designers and the builders could have made a mistake, but here we need to deal with the situation on the spot.”

It is still unknown who will compensate for material damage to garage owners and whether they will compensate them at all. According to unofficial information, the garages were located on a slope under the road illegally, so local residents can only count on payments for cars buried underground.

The route Novy village - De Vries Peninsula - Sedanka - Patroclus Bay, 42 km long, should connect Vladivostok airport and the bridge to Russky Island. According to the builders, due to the fact that the road will be of “continuous traffic,” that is, without traffic lights and ground pedestrian crossings, the travel time from the airport to the island, which always took at least an hour and a half, will be reduced to 20 minutes. The highway was planned to be put into operation in 2011, but the timing was revised. 29 billion rubles were allocated from the budget for the construction of the facility.

Everybody dance


Let us note that last year a scandal erupted around another bridge - in Volgograd. It took 13 years to build, the facility cost the budget 12.3 billion rubles. The bridge was opened to traffic in October 2009, and in May the following year, strong vibrations began to be observed on the bridge, due to which local residents dubbed it “dancing”. Traffic in the area was blocked.

During the investigation into the reasons for the fluctuations, it turned out that the cause of what happened was corruption: violations of 152 million rubles were identified, and the project turned out to be 1.5 billion rubles more expensive than its true cost. Thus, during the control event it was established that the administration Volgograd region a significant increase in costs for the resettlement of citizens from the construction zone was allowed. The share of such expenses in the estimated cost of construction increased from 2.9% to 9.1% and exceeded 1.1 billion rubles.

Last November, it was reported that experts had strengthened the “dancing bridge” with counterweights to dampen vibrations. The cost of the work amounted to 112 million rubles.

“We can now guarantee the safety of traffic on the bridge. We are now confident that the bridge will never “dance” again, as it did on May 20 last year,” the then governor of the region, Anatoly Brovko, told reporters.

Based on materials:

In the Far East this spring, construction of one of the world's largest cable-stayed bridges was completed. The new bridge passes through the Eastern Bosphorus Strait and connects the mainland with Russky Island. In April 2012, builders completed welding of the 1,104-meter channel span.

Bridge project to Russky Island

This is the first bridge of this size and design in Russia. It can rightfully be called a unique achievement of Russian engineers, since the bridge became a record holder in several respects at once: the longest cable-stayed span in the world (1104 m), the longest cable-stayed span (580 m). In addition, it was ranked second in height in the world, its pylons reach a height of 320 m. The total length of the structure is 3100 m, and the height of the main canvas is 70 m above the ground, which allows even the most bulky ocean liners to pass under it.

Historical reference

The USSR authorities were planning to build a bridge that would connect Russky Island with the mainland in the first half of the 20th century. People first started talking about this in 1939, when the first bridge project was proposed. But then, due to the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, the matter never came to fruition. Later in the 1960s, a second attempt was made, but the second project was never brought to life.

However, what was not done then was finally realized in the 21st century. In 2007, a tender was held to develop a project for a modern bridge to Russky Island, which was won by the NPO Mostovik.

Together with the largest design organization in Russia, ZAO Giprostroymost Institute St. Petersburg, the production association began development. Several small Russian and foreign scientific companies also worked on the project, including: Cowi A/S (Denmark), Primortisiz, Primorgrazhdanproekt, NPO Hydrotex, Far Eastern Research Institute of Morflot and some others.


During the development of the project, experts considered more than 10 different options, including designs for both classical suspension and cable-stayed bridges. As a result, preference was given to the construction of a cable-stayed bridge. The design was completed in March 2008 and cost the state 643 million rubles.

The construction of a cable-stayed bridge across the Eastern Bosphorus Strait to Russky Island started on September 3, 2008 in preparation for the APEC international summit, which will be held in Vladivostok in 2012. Construction of the structure was completed in the spring of 2012.

On June 22, 2012, full-scale dynamic tests of the structure were completed, which confirmed its reliability and full readiness for operation.

The construction of the bridge took place under rather difficult conditions. The work was complicated by unfavorable temperature regime and strong winds. Temperature changes in Vladivostok can range from -31°C to +36°C, the height of a storm wave can reach 6 m, and the thickness of the ice cover can be 70 cm.

In total, over the almost 4 years that construction lasted, 33.9 billion rubles of budget money were spent on the implementation of this project. But it was worth it.

Technical parameters of the project

Bridge parameters

The design of the bridge over the eastern Bosphorus was developed by engineers taking into account two determining factors:

  • The shortest distance across the water area at the intersection of the bridge is 1,460 meters, and the depth of the fairway reaches 50 meters.
  • Strong wind load in the construction area, as well as a wide range of temperature differences.

Main technical parameters of the new bridge over the Eastern Bosphorus:

  • The length of the central span is 1104 meters;
  • The shortest cable is 135.771 meters;
  • The longest shroud is 579.83 meters;
  • The height of the pylons is 320.9 meters;
  • The height of the under-bridge space is 70 meters.
  • The total length of the bridge crossing is 1885.53 meters;
  • The total length of the bridge with overpasses is 3100 meters;
  • 4 lanes (2 in each direction);
  • The total width of the roadway is 21 meters.

I would like to note that this is a truly grandiose project. For example, for the construction of the anchor spans of the bridge, more than 21 thousand cubic meters of concrete mixture were supplied to a height of seventy meters, and the total volume of reinforcement for the side spans was about 10 thousand tons.

Features of the construction of pylons

In order for the bridge to be strong and reliable, 120 bored piles were installed under each of the two 320-meter pylons. Concreting of the pylons was carried out using a unique self-climbing formwork with 4.5 m grips. According to engineers, a crane was used for the first three grips, then the formwork moved upward independently thanks to the hydraulic movement of special modular elements.

At the base of each pylon there are 120 bored piles with a diameter of two meters

It should be noted that the technology using self-climbing formwork made it possible not only to improve the quality of construction work, but also reduced the construction time of the bridge by 1.5 times. Since the bridge pylons are A-shaped, it was impossible to use standard formwork. As a result, a separate kit was specially installed for each pylon.

The construction of the foundation for the M7 pylon was carried out without an embankment site. All drilling work was carried out in deep water. Note that the depth of the water area in this area ranges from 14 to 20 m. The steel casing pipes were submerged under water using a special floating crane. After the construction of bored piles, the pylon foundation was strengthened with a grouting layer of concrete up to 2.5 m thick.

To construct each pylon grillage, approximately 20,000 cubic meters of concrete and about 3,000 tons of metal structures were required

Everything was done in strict accordance with technology to ensure the strength and stability of the pylons.

Construction of a cable-stayed bridge system

The cable-stayed system is, without exaggeration, the basis of the bridge. It is she who takes on the main static and dynamic loads; without it, the existence of the bridge is simply not possible. For a bridge to be strong, the cable stays must be maximally protected from the effects of natural elements and other adverse factors.

The massive structure of the bridge across the Eastern Bosvor Strait is held in place by 168 cables ranging in length from 135 to 579 m.

During the construction of the bridge, cables manufactured by the French company Freyssinet were used. As the manufacturers note, all the cables were manufactured in factories that passed the strictest selection and were approved by Freyssinet specialists.

They have the highest levels of endurance, strength, and corrosion resistance, which, according to experts, ensured a design service life of at least 100 years. The structure is capable of withstanding a tensile load equal to 1850 MPa.

To secure the central span of the bridge structure, an improved “compact” PSS system was used, which has a more dense placement of strands in the shell. Due to the fact that the compact configuration of the cables has a shell of smaller diameter, it was possible to reduce the wind load on the bridge by 25-30%. In addition, this technology made it possible to reduce by a third the cost of materials for the construction of foundations, stiffening beams and pylons.

The cables consist of parallel, individually protected strands, the number of which varies from 13 to 85

Its strength depends on how strong the protective shell of the cable is. For the new bridge, a shell made of high-density polyethylene was used, which has the following extremely important properties:

  • resistance to temperatures from -40°C to +40°C;
  • resistance to the negative effects of solar ultraviolet rays.

PSS cables contain parallel strands with a diameter of 15.7 mm, each of which includes 7 galvanized wires. In total, each cable contains from 13 to 85 strands (strands).

In addition, the installed cables have a vibration damping system, which allows them to stabilize the structure in strong winds.

The cable stays were attached to the pylons after strengthening the foundation and was carried out at a height of 189 m. Modern technology was also used here, which made it possible to significantly speed up the construction - concreting the pylon body and installing the cable-stayed pairs were carried out simultaneously.

Installation of the central span

In the world there is only this moment There are only three cable-stayed bridges with a span of more than 1000 meters. In addition to the Far Eastern Bridge, this list also includes: the Sutong Bridge in China (span length 1080 m) and the Stonecutter Bridge in Hong Kong (1018 m).

The bridge to Russky Island, thanks to the world's longest cable-stayed span of 1104 meters, has already become a record holder and entered the history of world bridge construction. Of course, this was quite difficult to do, since the strong wind in this area puts a lot of stress on the frame and the span itself. Engineers managed to develop a special design of the span with a special aerodynamic section, which reduces the load from squally winds.

The central stiffening beam is a single, all-metal box that has an upper and lower plate, as well as a system of transverse beams and diaphragms. Note that the total weight of the central bridge span structure was about 23 thousand tons.

In order to determine the optimal cross-section configuration, additional aerodynamic calculations were carried out at the detailed design stage, which were then optimized as part of the processing of a large-scale experimental model.

The installation of the central span required precision and quality from the builders. High-strength assembly joints were used to join the vertical walls of the blocks, transverse beams, longitudinal ribs and diaphragms.

The panels were delivered to the installation site by barges and then lifted by crane to a height of 70 meters

The large prefabricated sections required for the installation of the central span of the bridge were delivered to the assembly site on barges and then lifted by a tower crane to a 76-meter height, where the multi-ton elements were connected to each other and the cables were attached to them.

Among the record holders, but not the main winner

Our bridge rightfully tops the list of cable-stayed bridges with the longest cable-stayed span. Russian specialists managed to build an impressive structure, but we have not yet succeeded in becoming a leader in length and height among bridges of a similar type.

The longest cable-stayed bridge in the world is still located in China. The length of the Hangzhou Bay Bridge in the East China Sea is about 36 km, which is almost 18 times longer than the new Far East Bridge. Its construction cost China $1.4 billion.

Most long bridge in the world Hangzhou Bay

This bridge connects Shanghai and small town Ningbo in Zhejiang Province. It took almost 4 years to build it, and it was opened to traffic on May 1, 2008. The bridge is quite wide, 6 lanes, 3 in each direction.

The bridge is located in an area with difficult climatic conditions, there are often typhoons, storms and squally winds. Because of this, the bridge structure was specially strengthened and a special composition of concrete and steel was used for construction, which is resistant to typhoons.

The Hangzhou Bridge has a special shape: it is built in the shape of the letter “S”. The main reason for choosing such an unusual design is the desire to make the bridge as resistant to strong tidal waves as possible.

The highest cable-stayed bridge in the world is the Millau Viaduct Bridge, which is built at an altitude of 270 meters. This amazingly beautiful structure is located in the south of France and connects Paris with Barcelona, ​​passing through a wide gorge above the Tarn River.

The Millau Viaduct (le Viaduc de Millau) is a cable-stayed road bridge crossing the Tarn River valley near the city of Millau in southern France.

The Millau Viaduct Bridge was opened to cars in December 2004, and its construction cost private investors almost 400 million euros.

The bridge has 7 cable-stayed columns, which are located at a distance of 350 meters from each other. The height of the structure (the highest support) is 343 meters, and the length is almost 2.5 kilometers.

Conclusion

The president, in one of his interviews, called the bridge to Russky Island “a new symbol of Russia.” It's hard to disagree with him. Our engineers have something to be proud of. The new cable-stayed bridge built in Vladivostok is not just a modern engineering structure, it is a large-scale achievement of domestic scientists and builders.

By building this bridge, Russia actually proved to the entire world community that it can independently implement large and complex projects from an engineering point of view. After all, all stages of the project from the design stage to construction were carried out entirely by Russian specialists.

The commissioning of this bridge is also important from both economic and social points of view. Since it opens up new opportunities for the development of both Vladivostok and the entire Far Eastern region.

I would like to hope that this is not the last project of this scale for Russia.

Anna Belova, rmnt.ru

Well, the bridge to Russky Island has finally opened. The bridge to which the right to be called the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world was transferred. And of course, what makes me especially proud is that it was built not just somewhere, in China or the USA, but in Russia, more precisely in Vladivostok.


Right away, in order to avoid “misunderstandings,” I would like to remind you that the length of cable-stayed and suspension bridges is calculated by the central span, and not by the total length of the bridge. That is why the bridge to Russky Island has every right to be called the longest. The distance between its pylons is 1104 meters. The previous record, 1088 meters, belonged to the Chinese Sutong Bridge. But in terms of overall length, the bridge to Russky Island is inferior to many cable-stayed bridges; its indicators here are 3100 meters. For example, the same Sutun has a total length of more than 8 kilometers. But this is no longer so important.

After the development of the investment project "Development of Russian Island", according to which production complexes in the field of bio- and information technologies, research institutes, a university, a large medical center, residential and hotel complexes, an international business center and much more to attract large businesses and tourists here. The need to build a bridge connecting the island with Vladivostok became obvious. And in 2008, construction began. At first, there were many doubts whether it was even possible to build a bridge across the Eastern Bosphorus Strait? After all weather there are very unfavorable conditions here (in winter the ice thickness in the strait can reach 70 cm), in addition, the future bridge must withstand heavy winds and be earthquake-resistant, but in the end design solutions were found that helped make the project a reality.





The digital indicators of this superstructure are as follows. The depth of the piles under the supports is up to 77 meters. The height of the pylons is 324 meters (the same as the Eiffel Tower).


The height of the roadway above sea level is 70 meters.

The width of the bridge is 29.5 meters (4 lanes for vehicles, two in each direction, plus pedestrian paths). The total weight of the bridge is 23 thousand tons.

The technical opening of the structure took place on July 2, 2012. On July 28, a bike ride was organized across the bridge. And on August 1, 2012, traffic was opened for all transport.

Perhaps the only drawback of the bridge to Russky Island is its high cost. By different estimates its construction cost between 1 and 1.5 billion dollars. However, given the weather conditions in which it was built and will operate, this amount is quite understandable.

A few more photos of the bridge to Russky Island:






As folk wisdom says, to good man gets used to it quickly. Today it is difficult to imagine that just a year ago it was possible to get to Russky Island only by ferry. The trip took from 40 minutes to an hour and a half depending on the destination. Today, the journey has been reduced to 5-10 minutes, and all thanks to the implementation of a unique project - the construction of a cable-stayed bridge connecting Russky Island with the mainland.

How it all began

Although the idea of ​​​​creating a bridge to Russky Island (or rather, back then cable car) across the Eastern Bosphorus Strait originated in 1939, construction began only in 2008, and then by chance. Popular rumor says that Minister of Economy German Gref was returning from the next summit in Kuala Lumpur with former governor Primorye by Sergei Darkin. And, flying over Russky Island, Gref dropped the phrase: let the APEC 2012 Summit be held right here! But how will heads of state get there? Then they remembered the project of the last century.

Whether this is true or not, the bridge was still built, and what a bridge it was! Describing it, one has to use the word “most” more than once - this is one of the largest cable-stayed bridges in the world with the longest central span and cables, as well as the highest pylon. According to the World Real Estate Portal, the bridge was recognized as the most significant architectural project in Russia in 2012.

Technical features

Bridge length - 1885.53 m
Length of the central span (from one pylon to another) - 1104 m
Under-bridge clearance (free space under the bridge) - 70 m
Pylon height - 324 m
The longest shroud is 579.83 m

Construction around the world

The cable-stayed system was designed as part of the joint work of many of the best engineers in Russia and abroad. For example, the French company Freyssinet has developed a system of cables similar, as it accurately noted, “ Russian newspaper", onto the strings of a giant harp - a harp for the ocean winds.

For the first time in the world, a cable-stayed bridge was built under conditions of such temperature changes, strong winds and humid climate. As a result, thanks to special steel, the cables can withstand temperatures ranging from -40 to +40, and their service life is up to 100 years! The aerodynamic section of the span makes the bridge resistant even to the squally winds for which Vladivostok is so famous.

First steps

The bridge was built simultaneously from two parts of land - from the Russian Island and the mainland. On April 12, 2012, a historical event took place - the joining of panels in the center of the bridge. On July 2, construction equipment drove across the bridge for the first time, then cyclists tested it, and on August 1, 2012, automobile traffic was officially opened.

A month later, the bridge officially received a name: according to the results of a popular vote, it was christened the Russian Bridge.

For a year now, the bridge has been connecting Russky with the mainland. The trickle of curious motorists coming to look at the changed landscapes of Russky Island gradually turned into a powerful stream. Among those traveling to and from Russky Island there are now FEFU students and employees, residents of Russky Island and vacationers. And although the latter often leave mountains of garbage behind them, and the former, until recently, had problems with public transport, the population of Vladivostok and its environs agree on one thing: the bridge is a blessing, and now no one understands how we used to live without it.

Vladivostok, November 8 - AiF-Primorye. The bridge to Russky Island in Vladivostok has been criticized since the very beginning of construction. Some experts questioned the feasibility of such a grandiose project. Another fly in the ointment was added by Alexey Mikhailov, an analyst at the Center for Economic and Political Research (EPIcenter).

Why is it needed?

The cable-stayed bridge (like its Golden “brother”, which connected the city center with Cape Churkin) to Russky Island was built as part of Vladivostok’s preparation for the APEC summit. The building is unique. After all, at the Russian Bridge (that’s his official name) the world's largest span among cable-stayed bridges, 1104 meters long, and the first pylons in height - 324 m.

Economist Mikhailov cites other impressive figures: the cost of the structure is about $1 billion. The same amount was spent on the access road (to the airport and the city).

“This cable-stayed bridge is actually very beautiful, floating in the air with a central span of more than 1 kilometer at a height of 70 meters, supported by two pylons 324 meters high. He is probably great at engineering solutions. And it will certainly now become a new symbol of Vladivostok. But... why is it needed?” asks the expert.

The analyst’s main argument “against the bridge” is the same as that of many critics of the structure - it has a small carrying capacity, and the island's population is too small for such costs.

“The bridge with a capacity of 50 thousand cars per day leads to the small island of Russky with a population of 5 thousand people. And those mostly poor fishermen living in barracks-type houses do not have cars,” says Mikhailov.

In counterbalance to this criticism, the Vladivostok authorities have repeatedly stated that the bridge was built, among other things, for the development of the island, the program of which includes the construction of many large facilities and the creation of infrastructure for 150 thousand people.

The bridge "doesn't pay for itself"

“What’s next for Fr. Russian? Now there are the same 5 thousand residents left without cars. Honestly, is it really worth spending $2 billion to access beaches by car? Is there no way to get there by ferry? After all, it runs every two hours and even transports cars, it’s not that expensive,” the expert continues.

The development of tourism and the construction of new housing on the island are one thing. But perhaps the main argument in favor of the feasibility of the bridge was the Far Eastern Federal University under construction on the same island. After all, it was planned that the merged university would become the largest educational institution countries and even the world. Students from all over the world will come to study there, and the best foreign teachers will teach there. However, the contractor did not have time to complete the FEFU buildings. And the great “relocation plan” failed, and the students remained on the mainland, at least until construction was completed. Nowadays, only nonresident students live on the island, who go to classes in the city every morning.

To all this we can add the island’s absolutely undeveloped road infrastructure. After you leave the bridge, you find yourself on real “Russian roads”, driving along which you need to resort to auto repair services. That’s why most townspeople don’t dare go there. And taxi companies raise prices for trips to the island - up to 1 thousand rubles from the center of Vladivostok.

Alexey Mikhailov compares the Russky Bridge with its “colleague” Golden Gate in San Francisco, USA. Just not in favor of the first one.

“They are similar in basic characteristics. But the Golden Gate was built 75 years ago, is a toll gate and actually handles 120 thousand cars a day. This bridge literally makes half a million dollars every day. Is the Russian Bridge free and how much traffic will it actually carry per day now, after the end of the APEC summit? A couple thousand cars? Or maybe a couple of hundred?” writes the expert.

However, it is worth noting that neither the bridge builders nor the Primorye authorities share the economist’s opinion.

“This will be a comfortable area of ​​Vladivostok, very convenient for living. Children will be able to go to school here, then to university - and will not have to travel anywhere. As for the other territory of the island, it is planned to leave it as a tourist and recreational zone, he believes Governor of Primorye Vladimir Miklushevsky. - Only the coast will be developed - we are talking about boarding houses and holiday homes. Still, the nature of the island must be preserved as much as possible for posterity.”

“Look at any photograph, tourist brochure: if there is a bridge in the city, then it will certainly be there. The bridge is a kind of monument, an architectural decoration of the city, an achievement of its inhabitants. San Francisco - Golden Gate, New York - Brooklyn Bridge, Hong Kong - Stonecutter Bridge - expresses his opinion Director of the branch of JSC USK MOST in Vladivostok Alexey Baranov. - And one more undeniable advantage, purely practical. By connecting the mainland with Russky Island, the bridge opened up new development prospects. Many cities in Russia, including Vladivostok, suffer from heterogeneity of style: in different periods, under different governments and cultures, they built differently and did not always care about compatibility. And the facade of the city must be properly planned once and for all, only then will it be beautiful. Of course, the city cannot afford to rebuild existing neighborhoods. But in Russky there is a chance to start with a clean slate, ending up with a large and harmoniously built-up area, very promising for development.”

By the way

The issue of building a bridge to Russky Island was raised in the first half of the 20th century. The first project was completed in 1939, the second in the 1960s. However, neither one nor the other was ever implemented. At the beginning of October 2007, NPO Mostovik won the tender to design a bridge crossing to Russky Island. The contractor was JSC USK MOST. Construction of the bridge began in 2008; on July 1, 2012, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev opened working traffic on the bridge, and a month later, on August 1, the bridge was opened for personal transport.