The best places to stay in Armenia. Sights of Armenia. Historical places of Armenia. Monastery and Lake Sevan
Armenia is an ancient state with a fabulous nature and a multifaceted history.
Visiting monasteries and temples, you can completely immerse yourself in the past and feel the breath of time…
After all, it was here that Noah's Ark landed on the shore, it was here that early Christianity gained strength, in the country that was the first to adopt this religion. And from the beauty of the surrounding nature you are imbued with peace and admiration. Let's look at the most popular attractions in the country.
Lake Sevan is the most beautiful alpine lake in Armenia with the purest water. However, not everyone dares to plunge into it, because even in the very heat the water here is quite cold.
The lake is located at an altitude of 2000 meters above sea level and is fed by mountain streams. The swimming season is not long, only two months a year, in July and August. And the weather here is very changeable, it can change several times a day.
Along the lake there are local cafes where you can try national cuisine. Including deliciously cooked freshly caught trout.
Observatory Karahunj (Zorats-Karer)
The Karahunj or Zorats-Karer observatory is located in the south, 200 kilometers from Yerevan. Sometimes it is compared with the English Stonehenge. But it is not so popular among tourists. However, in its antiquity and historical significance it is not inferior to the English observatory.
Scientists have not fully figured out what her age really is. The name Zorats-Karer is translated from Armenian as “warrior stones”, since the rows of pointed stones, arranged in a certain order, resemble an army of warriors. However, historical expeditions, having explored the place, came to the conclusion that the place has nothing to do with defensive structures, but this is an ancient place for observing the stars and the sun god.
Location: Sisian.
Mount Ararat is the pride and symbol of the country of Armenia. According to Biblical traditions, it was here that the famous Noah's ark landed on the shore during the Flood.
The mountain consists of two peaks: Small and Big Ararat. And they are perfectly visible from the observation platform in the city of Yerevan. However, to visit the mountain directly, you will have to enter the territory of Turkey. The fact is that the territory on which the mountain is located fell under its jurisdiction. However, Mount Ararat is still considered a holy symbol of the Armenian people.
On the site of a pagan sanctuary, on the edge of the gorge, along the bottom of which the mountain river Vorotan flows, there is an ancient monastery of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Its name comes from the nearby village of Tatev.
The monastery stands surrounded by beautiful mountain landscapes, and from a certain angle, there is a feeling that it seems to be hovering over the gorge.
The monastery was founded in the 1st century AD, and ancient frescoes are still preserved inside the temple.
The Tataev Monastery can be reached either by car or by cable car from Yerevan, which is the longest in the world, thanks to which it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
This ancient monastery complex, founded in the 10th century, is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Despite the experienced earthquakes, the monastery is well preserved. Here you can see the cathedral with preserved paintings. In the courtyard you can see the bell tower, tombs and a bridge of the 13th century with sculptures of cats.
At one time, the complex was not just a monastery, but an educational center. Here the richest library was collected and the academy was founded.
The so-called mountains of the Lesser Caucasus pass through the territory of Armenia. This is a system of mountain ranges and plateaus. Their length is not more than 600 kilometers, and the height does not exceed 4000 meters.
Between the icy ridges you can observe the most beautiful valleys and forests untouched by people. Tourists love to enjoy the beauty here, and climbers test their willpower and physical endurance, conquering peaks and peaks.
This is a fairly "young" building compared to all other sights encountered.
According to legend, a Christian girl who fled from persecution from Rome was killed here by the local king. But then the king repented and built this majestic church in her honor. Here, under the altar, is her grave.
Since 2000, the church has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Location: Vagharshapat.
Matenadaran is the largest repository of ancient manuscripts in the world. Despite the fact that the repository has been plundered more than once, more than 17 thousand manuscripts, more than 100 thousand ancient documents are stored within its walls. Of course, most of them are in ancient Armenian, but about 2000 chronicles are written in other languages of the world.
You can find the building on the mountain at the end of Mashtots Avenue, the sculpture of which meets at the entrance to the storage building. And not by chance. It is Mesrop Mashtots who is the creator of the Armenian alphabet.
Location: 53 Mashtots Avenue, Yerevan.
Etchmiadzin Cathedral - a church built in the 300s of our century. Many legends are associated with its origin and construction. One of them says that Christ himself chose the place, dreaming of Gregory, the first patriarch of Etchmiadzin, and showing him the place of construction. Thus, the cathedral was built on the site of an ancient pagan temple.
In the annex, you can find a museum where exhibits are presented in one way or another related to religious rites - church robes, crosses, staves and much more. Important relics are also kept: a part of Noah's ark and a spear that pierced Christ.
Location: Vagharshapat.
In Garni there was a defense complex that once protected the ancient city. The Temple of Mihr is one of the surviving buildings of this fortress. In appearance, the building resembles an ancient Greek building in Athens, the Parthenon. In pagan times, the sun god Mihra was worshiped here. In the future, the kings used it as a summer residence.
In the middle of the 17th century, after a strong earthquake, the building was badly damaged. And only at the end of the twentieth century it was recreated literally brick by brick, which were collected throughout the gorge. The missing elements were restored in modern materials. But it allowed to preserve the integrity of the temple.
Currently, historical performances are being held in the restored temple.
This is one of the oldest fortresses not only in Armenia, but also in the world. Until now, archaeologists are digging up interesting artifacts in this area. Once upon a time, the ancient city of Armenia was located here, and it is from here that the history of the entire state begins.
The fortress is located on a hill dotted with poppies. And when they bloom in the spring, it seems that the hill is filled with blood. Hence the name of the hill Arin-Berd. Translated, it means "Bloody Fortress".
This is a museum complex built on the site of an underground prison where early Christians were thrown. And this prison-well is still preserved, into which you can go down and feel what it was like for the prisoners.
One of the famous prisoners was Gregory the Illuminator, who sat in the well for 15 years. And then he cured the king of clouding his mind, thanks to which he saved himself, and changed the attitude of the ruler towards the Christian religion as a whole.
Tsitsernakaberd is a memorial complex built in the middle of the 20th century in memory of the genocide of the Armenian people by the Ottoman Republic, which began in 1915 and lasted 9 years. During this period, the Turkish military deported many Armenians from their lands, and some were killed by entire families.
The complex includes a 44-meter stele, symbolizing the spiritual rebirth of Armenia, an eternal flame in memory of the dead, a wall of mourning engraved with the names of the cities affected by this disaster, and the museum of the genocide itself.
Geghard Monastery is an ancient temple, partially carved right into the rock. Very atmospheric place. A holy spring springs directly from the rock, and patterns are carved on the walls.
The monastery was founded in the 4th century, and the name comes from the word "spear". It was here, according to legend, that the spear with which Jesus Christ was pierced was brought.
The famous mountain climatic resort is lost in a gorge among forests and valleys, reminiscent of the nature of Switzerland. It is known for its healing mineral springs and no less beneficial mountain air.
And the city of Dilijan itself resembles an open-air ethnographic museum with its narrow streets and preserved old houses.
Areni village is famous for its wines. Here in almost every house you can buy homemade wine made according to a special recipe.
At the Areni factory itself, you can listen to a tour about wine production, as well as taste not only wine, but also apricot vodka. And every year after the harvest, wine festivals are held, where wine is not poured in limited quantities.
And this is not the whole list of beauties of the country of Armenia. There are also many ancient monasteries and unprecedented pristine nature that you don’t want to leave. And the capital Yerevan itself is a tourist attraction. With its pink houses, man-made cascade with sculptures, stairs and fountains. Or Republic Square, where you can admire not only historical buildings, but also enjoy singing fountains with changing illumination in the evening.
Khor Virap Monastery, 45 km from Yerevan, stands almost at the foot of Ararat - the mountain is so close that it seems you can reach it. And yet, the symbol of Armenia is located abroad, on the territory of Turkey.
There are cafes on every corner in the capital of Armenia, but if you want to get the most out of it, you should not sit at the table: go around the hospitable city, where summer lasts from May to October, and then take a car or sightseeing bus ride around its surroundings.
1. Think about the soul
It is worth going to Yerevan at least to look at Ararat. In clear weather, it can be seen in its entirety, from the foot to the top, and there are no other mountain ranges around that obscure this unusually majestic, even exciting spectacle. The mountain, to which Noah's ark moored in ancient times, is always different: it changes color from blue to pink, then suddenly disappears completely, then it shows only the top with clouds adhering to it. It is simply impossible to take your eyes off the mountain. Against such a powerful background, everything around is filled with a completely different meaning and it becomes clear why Ararat is more than a beautiful mountain for Armenians all over the world. This is our soul.
-----BR-----2. bow to the saint
A trip to the capital of Armenia is rarely limited to the city itself - Yerevan is surrounded by amazing sights. One of them, Khor Virap Monastery, stands almost at the foot of Ararat - it is good to sit here on a low stone fence and, looking at the mountain, plunge into thoughts about the eternal. The temple was built on the site of an underground dungeon, into which Tsar Trdat III threw St. Gregory the Illuminator to certain death. But when, 15 years later, the surviving prisoner cured Trdat of an illness, he unconditionally accepted his faith, and Gregory the Illuminator became the first Armenian Catholicos. A chapel was first built on this site, and then a monastery with a theological seminary.
Stone khachkars decorated with carved crosses are countless throughout the country.
3. Touch the stone lace
Wherever you go, you will meet khachkars everywhere - stone slabs with openwork crosses carved on them. There are about 900 khachkars in the village of Noraduz on Lake Sevan alone. The Armenian cross itself is also remarkable - a sign of suffering bushes and sprouts with flowers, symbolizing the resurrection of Christ and the tree of life. Khachkars are not only evidence of faith, but also a kind of prayer to the Lord, which explains their common style with an endless variety of ornamental solutions. It is believed that one of the most beautiful khachkars dating back to 1291 is located in the Goshavank monastery complex. If you don't get there, go to the National Historical Museum, which has another masterpiece by the same master Poghos on display.
4. See the world through the eyes of a genius
An Armenian from Tbilisi, who lived part of his life in Kyiv, Sergei Parajanov, after perestroika, was going to live in Yerevan. After the director's death, the house built for him housed the works bequeathed to Armenia. So this amazing museum appeared in the city, where you should definitely visit. Someone said about Parajanov that he was not a talent, but he was a genius. Looking at collages, installations and sculptures made from scraps of paper, glass fragments, shreds, chips, wire, you really begin to understand the difference.
Parajanov's house-museum in Yerevan may well compete with the Dali theater-museum in Figueres
5. Try dolma where they know how to cook it
Remember "Mimino": "It's just that you don't know how to cook dolma"? So, in Yerevan, of course, they know how to cook dolma. It is delicious almost everywhere, but the Dolmama restaurant is especially famous for it. (Pushkina, 10, dolma - 500 rubles)- a favorite place for foreign guests of Yerevan. In addition to the perfect dolma, the menu includes almost all the best dishes of Armenian cuisine in an impeccable modern interpretation. In addition, Dolmama has exemplary service, and in summer tables are set in a cozy courtyard. However, there are many places in Yerevan where you can eat deliciously. Excellent cuisine and atmosphere - in The Club (Tumanyan, 40, dolma - 285 rubles), which has a shop, a tearoom and a cafe. Excellent kebabs and kebabs - in the tavern "At Artash" (Moskovyana, 31, average bill - from 250 rubles), classic Armenian cuisine with Georgian inclusions - in "Kavkaz" (Hanrapetutyan, 82, the average bill - from 400 rubles.), khinkali of all possible varieties - in the restaurant "Khinkali" (Tumanyan, 21/1, average bill - from 30 rubles).
Some researchers consider Armenia to be the birthplace of dolma.
6. Make sure that dolma is not everything
Not everyone knows that Armenian cuisine exists in two versions: Eastern Armenian is common on the territory of modern Armenia, and Western Armenian is eaten by Armenians who have lived in the Middle East since time immemorial. When the repatriation policy began after the war, people coming to the Armenian SSR brought their own food with them. So in Yerevan they began to eat lamadzho (flat cakes with minced lamb), ishli-kebab (cutlets in the shell of fried bulgur) and hummus (chickpea paste). And thanks to the current wave of Armenians from Syria, new places with Western Armenian cuisine began to open up, for example, Anteb (E. Koghbatsi, 30, average bill - from 40 rubles). And don't be fooled by the modest interior - it has an excellent menu and the best lamaggios in town. Order plenty of appetizers - they are the most delicious in Middle Eastern cuisine.
7. Visit the spiritual center of the country
In the list of must-see places in the vicinity of Yerevan, in the first place, of course, Etchmiadzin is the spiritual center of the Armenian Apostolic Church, which includes a cathedral, a theological seminary and the residence of the Supreme Patriarch-Catholicos of all Armenians with a wonderful museum. As you know, Armenia was the first state in the world to officially adopt Christianity in 301. The cathedral was founded two years later, so it can be considered the world's first state Christian church. The territory of this complex, planted with shady trees and flowers, is unusually good. On the way, stop at the temple built in honor of the Great Martyr Saint Hripsime. This is a real architectural masterpiece.
Buildings of Noravank - from the same stone as the rocks surrounding it
8. Find a monastery among the rocks
The Noravank monastery complex is located 112 km from the city, but the road to it is so picturesque that it does not seem tiring. In addition, it is worth making a couple of stops to explore the Areni caves and buy fresh lavash in the village bakery. Noravank itself is the same yellow-red color as the rocks and gorges surrounding it, because it was built from stone that was mined in the neighborhood. In the 13th-14th centuries, Noravank was the residence of the Orbelian princes. There are two churches, a chapel and rare beauty khachkars. And the church of Surb-Karapet is decorated with a bas-relief depicting the face of God the Father, which you can hardly see anywhere.
9. Take home the carpet
Every weekend, the section of the boulevard from the Republic Square metro station to Khanjyan Street turns into a big fair or, as Yerevan residents say, a vernissage. Here you can find an unprecedented variety of things: antiques of varying degrees of value, antique carpets, silver, author's ceramics, dishes, national musical instruments, onyx vases - the list is endless. Rows of artists and book dealers are located nearby. On the opening day, of course, it is customary to bargain, and with fun and pleasure. There are plenty of souvenir shops in the center of Yerevan. The most pleasant, called "Agsak" (Abovyan, 3/1), literally bursting with high-quality ceramics, silver, graphics, bronze copies of archaeological finds and other treasures. And books, albums, posters and CDs with ancient and modern Armenian music are sold at Artbridge Bookstore Café. (Abovyan, 20).
At the vernissage in the center of Yerevan - souvenirs for every taste and color
10. Swim in the upturned sky
Lake Sevan lies so high in the mountains that when you stand on its shore, it seems that the water surface is about to touch the sky. Pure fresh water warms up only by the middle of summer, so coming here on a hot day is salvation and joy. Around the lake, which the locals call only the sea, there are solid mountains, and the water changes color from azure to turquoise and dark blue hourly. It is good to spend the whole day here, go to the peninsula and explore the monastery complex of Sevanavank, built in 874. If you find yourself on the western coast, do not miss another wonderful monastery - Hayravank. In addition to sunscreen, take something warm with you: no matter how hot it is during the day, a cool wind always blows in Sevan in the evenings.
According to legend, stars and gods drank from the high-mountain lake Sevan
11. Visit the first museum of modern art in the USSR
It’s hard to imagine now, but the opening of the Museum of Modern Art in Yerevan in 1972 was an unprecedented phenomenon for the Soviet Union: the building itself, as if raised above the ground, seemed unusual, not to mention the contents. Before the collapse of the country, the museum was the only one of its kind. In general, Armenia has a strong pictorial tradition, and here it is easy to see the diversity of its currents. Now the museum has about 2300 exhibits, including a collection of works by Armenian artists: Minas Avetisyan, Yervand Kochar, Rudolf Khachatryan, Garzu, Gayane Khachaturyan... Exhibitions of young artists are regularly held.
12. Learn the history of the Eternal City
Yerevan turns 2795 this year, making it 30 years older than Rome. In terms of eternity, it's not such a big difference, but it's still nice. The beginning of the city was laid by the Erebuni fortress, built on a hill with the same name in 782 BC. e. King Argishti, ruler of the ancient state of Urartu. As evidenced by the plate with the text written in Urartian cuneiform, all Armenian children learn it at school. Now at the foot of the hill there is a beautiful museum with archaeological finds. Climbing the stairs to the hill, you will get to the excavations themselves, begun by the expedition of Academician B. B. Piotrovsky.
Artifacts from the times of the state of Urartu are exhibited in the Erebuni Museum
13. Listen to the duduk in his homeland
Probably, no other musical instrument is so firmly connected with the self-identification of the Armenian people as a modest-looking duduk. Made from an apricot tree (another national symbol!), it has an extraordinary sound - soft, soulful, almost unbearably poignant. For many years, this music was listened to only in their native land. It accompanied all significant events in people's lives: birth, baptism, weddings, funerals. But thanks to the brilliant performer Jivan Gasparyan, duduk has entered the musical mainstream over the past 20 years. Now the primordially Armenian instrument can be heard in Hollywood cinema, and sometimes quite unexpectedly, as, for example, in the film Onegin. And if you're lucky and your trip coincides with Gasparyan's concert, be sure to buy your tickets in advance - it's not to be missed.
14. Drink the most delicious water in the world
It is not difficult to make sure that this is the pure truth - it is enough to drink from stone fountains placed throughout the city. Which are called "pulpulak" - by analogy with the sound made by a murmuring source. Here, in general, there is a special attitude towards water, perceived as the most valuable gift of nature. In ancient times, it was in short supply and sellers with jugs walked around the city: a monument to such a peddler boy stands in one of the city parks. And in the middle of summer, Vardavar holiday is celebrated in Yerevan, when it is supposed to pour water on everyone. Do not be offended by jokers - it is better to douse them in response.
Fountains on the central square of the Republic
15. Go down the gorge right in the city
Yerevan is one of the few cities that have their own gorge, and quite an impressive one at that. It is called Hrazdan in honor of the river that flows there. Once it was a completely untouched and very picturesque corner, where there was nothing but fruit trees and the Children's Railway. Yerevan residents used to have picnics here, cooling watermelons and mineral water right in the river. Now this is not the case: in the evenings, life is in full swing in the gorge - a record number of restaurants, cafes, and hotels have been built here. But thanks to its size, there is always a place for those who just want to take a walk. For example, to the Yerevan Brandy Factory above the gorge, where the famous "Ararat" is produced. (Tsovakal Isakovi Ave., 2)- since 1998, after the purchase of the plant by the Pernod-Ricard concern, it has been called not cognac, but brandy, but the essence of this has not changed.
16. Climb to the top of the Cascade
Directly behind the Opera and Ballet Theatre, between Baghramyan and Mashtots avenues, there is a square called the Cascade. Here stands a monument to the architect Alexander Tamanyan, the founding father of modern Yerevan, who leaned over the general plan of the city. And behind it is a park with a collection of sculptures from all over the world, several cafes and a long staircase leading high up the hill, where the main observation deck of the city is located. On the way up there are five tiers, each with museums, galleries, fountains and flowering flower beds. The cascade is one of the favorite places of Yerevanians, there is always something going on here. When concerts are held, the audience sits right on the steps. If you are lucky, you will witness a fun flash mob, when all those who have gathered together dance folk dances - where else in the world will you see this?!
The lower tier of the Cascade, where Yerevan residents usually gather
17. Sit on the bench next to Frunzik Mkrtchyan
Unusual sculptures were brought to Yerevan from all over the world, such as the famous fat men Fernando Botero. But there are also purely Armenian ones among them. You already know about the seller of water, his brothers are the characters of the cult film "Men" and the backgammon player immortalized in bronze, without which not a single Yerevan courtyard can do. In addition, benches with celebrities sitting on them are placed around the city. For example, at the Moscow cinema, you can keep company with everyone's favorite Frunze Mkrtchyan. But perhaps the most touching is the monument to Karabala on Teryan Street. This strange man in rags took to the streets of post-war Yerevan every day with a bouquet of roses and gave flowers to passing girls and couples in love. No one shunned or offended the eccentric - on the contrary, everyone loved him. And in 1991, a monument was erected to Karabala, because thanks to such people the spirit of the city is formed.
18. Ride the cable car
The monastery complex of Tatev is quite far from Yerevan, a day trip is not enough here. But if you have time, be sure to arrange this trip for yourself - it will be remembered for a lifetime. You have to go to the south of Armenia, to its most beautiful part of Zangezur, through solid mountains, alpine meadows and waterfalls. The Tatev Monastery itself, built in the 10th century, seems to grow out of a giant cliff right on the edge of the cliff - medieval Armenian architects were able to fit their creations into the landscape. Previously, a serpentine led to it, but now you can climb the cable car, unique in its length, going through the picturesque Vorotan Gorge - this is where it takes your breath away. The cable car is part of a large project to revive Tatev, and in the future there will be a hotel complex here. In the meantime, spend the night in the charming town of Goris, 30 km from the monastery. For example, in the Mirhav hotel (Mashtots, 100).
A cable car with a unique length leads to the Tatev Monastery
19. Surprised by the brightness of medieval miniatures
20. Look into the temple built with the money of Nero
According to historical sources, the Armenian king Trdat I built the temple of Garni in the 1st century with the money he received after a trip to Rome to the Emperor Nero. This only example of Hellenistic architecture in the former USSR stood in ruins for a long time until it was restored in 1976. And then a small Parthenon with 24 columns and bas-reliefs appeared before everyone. Nearby are excavations of the summer residence of Armenian kings with chambers, baths and mosaics. Garni is spectacularly located on the edge of a huge gorge with an extraordinary view of the steep slopes and the mountain river Azat. If you are by car, go down the gorge and look at the basalt columns rising to the sky, hanging in clusters right above the road. And one more thing: halfway to Garni, stop at the Charents arch. From the hill where it was built, a postcard view of Ararat opens, and the arch serves as a frame for it.
21. Evaluate the calculation of ancient engineers
Garni is usually combined in one trip with the Geghard monastery complex. But that's where their closeness ends. Founded in the 4th century, Geghard was a place of pilgrimage because of the relic stored in it - a spear (now in the Etchmiadzin Museum), with which Jesus crucified on the cross was pierced. It is also notable for the fact that part of it is carved inside the rock adjoining the main temple and decorated with khachkars carved in it. The rooms inside - the main church, the chapel, the burial room, etc. - are decorated with amazingly expressive reliefs. Particularly impressive is the sacristy with four columns supporting a vaulted stalactite dome with a round hole that lets in a piercing beam of light into the dungeon. How it was possible to calculate and implement such a complex project without a single mistake, it is impossible to understand. But the fact remains.
22. Listen to jazz
High-quality live music is only at first glance an unexpected attribute of the city. Jazz has always been loved and played here - in Soviet times it was an expression of inner freedom. In the legendary cafe "Float" (Isahakyan, 41) the famous musician Levon Malkhasyan performed, around whom other performers gradually began to gather. Subsequently, he opened his own jazz club "Malkhas" (Pushkina, 52/1), where wonderful concerts are held in the evenings, to which the whole city comes. Another club - Mezzo Classic House Club (Isahakyan, 28). If you don't mind listening to a real concert, look at the poster of the Cafesjian Center for Contemporary Art - it is located on the last tier of the Cascade (an escalator leads there).
23. Wander around the city at night
One of the unchanging Yerevan traditions is an evening walk. Here they meet friends, learn the latest news. Especially crowded is the building of the Armenian Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre, which the locals simply call "Opera". There are continuous open cafes around, there is a nice pond and a large playground, convenient for games and roller skating. In the evenings it is so lively here that it often seems to tourists that they are on a holiday. After sunset, there are many people on the pedestrian Northern Avenue, Mesrop Mashtots Avenue, Abovyan and Sayat-Nova streets, and what's there - in the whole center. So feel free to walk until late at night - the brightly lit streets of Yerevan are completely safe and the atmosphere is the friendliest. In addition, Russians are not just treated well here - they are sincerely loved.
In Armenia, many beautifully preserved ancient temples and monasteries contrast with the churches of modern construction. A huge number of museums scattered throughout the territory of Armenia reveals completely new sides for a tourist who is unfamiliar with the history of the country. Get acquainted with the many sights of the country will help. Don't know what to see in Armenia? Especially for you, we have compiled a list of popular places in this country, where we have included the most interesting sights of Armenia.
What to see in Armenia first
A little advice for those who are interested - do not try to visit several cities in one day and see dozens of monasteries, cathedrals or natural parks. It is better to highlight those places that are of most interest and pay more attention to them so that the memories of each of them remain in your memory. Now more about the sights of the country.
1. Karahunj Observatory (Sisian city)
Mysterious megalithic complex KarahunjIf you do not want to travel far to see one of the "places of power", go to Armenia. 223 stones, each weighing about 10 tons, arranged vertically - this mysterious ancient monument on the territory of Armenia still causes a lot of controversy about its origin. The most popular theory is that it is an ancient observatory. Even older than the English Stonehenge. Some historians attribute to her the age of 5 thousand years, others - 7 thousand. Scientists came to the conclusion that Karahunj was also used as a temple of the sun god, which was worshiped by the ancient Armenians, and as a university. Jewelry and swords were found under one of the stones. This prompted the idea that Karahunj is a cemetery for warriors.
Zorats Karer, Zorakarer (Mighty Stones), Goshun Dan - also called Karahunj - is located two hundred kilometers from the capital of Armenia, near the city of Sisian at an altitude of more than one and a half thousand kilometers. The entire complex covers an area of approximately 14 football fields. Many stones have a through hole in the upper part - through these holes, ancient scientists observed heavenly bodies. The stones are arranged in a circle. Near the complex are the remains of ancient dwellings and other historical artifacts.
You can go here not only to quench your thirst for new knowledge, but also to feel real peace and tranquility.
2. Cathedral of St. Gregory the Illuminator (Yerevan city)
When traveling in Armenia, be sure to visit the Cathedral of St. Gregory the Illuminator. This is one of the largest cathedrals, which was erected in memory of Gregory the Illuminator. It was he who gave the basis for the spread of Christianity in the country.
Construction began in 1997, in honor of the 1700th anniversary of the introduction of Christianity in Armenia, and completed in 2001. Today it is the most significant building among the sights of the city. The temple houses the relics and relics of the saint, which they managed to return to their homeland from Italy.
The sights of Armenia are distinguished by their severity. The Cathedral of St. Gregory the Illuminator is no exception. During its construction, they adhered to a strict ascetic style. The building has angular shapes, it is decorated with niches and triangular arches. In order to emphasize the contrast, strict colors were chosen. You will not find a single painting on the walls. Inside the temple, on the contrary, everything is very bright and bright. This expands the space.
The complex consists of a cathedral and two churches. The buildings are very tall. Due to this, they can be seen from all over the city. The cathedral and churches can accommodate 1700 people at the same time.
For tourists, the Cathedral of St. Gregory the Illuminator is a unique attraction. For local residents, it is a symbol of the spirituality of the people, the preservation of their faith and unity.
3. Goshavank Monastery (Gosh village)
Goshavank Monastery - a medieval monastery complex If you are looking for what to see in Armenia, head to Goshavank Monastery. This is one of the most popular attractions. The monastery is located 22 kilometers from the Dilijan bus station. This is a medieval complex surrounded by dense oak forests. No walls were erected around the monastery, so it is surrounded by simple rural buildings. The monastery was built in the classical style. Here you will not see elaborate decor elements. But this is what makes it beautiful - its rigor and minimalism.
The first church of this landmark of Armenia is the church of Astvatsatsin. It is distinguished by original artistic decor and a rich interior. Nearby is the building of the book depository with a bell tower. On the western side of it is a room that was intended for classes and meals. It was a center that combined both faith and knowledge in one place.
The monastery is famous for its khachkars (stone steles), made with special awe and skill. They are considered the most beautiful in Armenia. The patterns on the stones seem to be embroidered. Amazing unique technique.
Today the monastery complex is a reserve, the church does not operate in it. But this is one of the most favorite places for tourists and locals to visit.
4. Lake Sevan (Gavar city)
Large and beautiful alpine lake Sevan When traveling in Armenia, do not forget to take a walk along the shore of Lake Sevan. This reservoir is located 8 kilometers from the city of Gavar, at an altitude of 1900 meters. The name Sevan comes from the Urartian language Sunya and means "lake".
The rich fauna of the lake feeds the entire population of the country. The permanent prey of anglers is Sevan trout and silver carp. In the Sevan basin there is a state park of the same name. It includes reserves and sanctuaries where Armenian gulls settle. The territory vacated as a result of the decrease in the water level in the lake is planted with trees and shrubs.
The cemetery of khachkars on the coast of Sevan is included in the category "Sights of Armenia, mandatory to visit." Burials are located in the village of Noratus. Artifacts older than 2000 years have been found here. Now they are kept in the museum of Yerevan.
Finding yourself on the lake, get acquainted with the ancient architecture of such monasteries as Sevanavank, Airivank, Vanevan, Kotavank. Walking around the surroundings of Sevan, you will undoubtedly feel the spirit of the times of different eras and peoples. The calm water surface and the surrounding landscape will forever remain in your pleasant memories.
5. Matenadaran (Yerevan city)
The world's largest repository of ancient manuscripts Matenadaran The historical sights of Armenia have always attracted a large number of tourists. The Museum of Ancient Manuscripts in Yerevan deserves to top the list of must-see places in this country. This amazing collection of ancient manuscripts will resonate not only with scientists who came here for academic purposes, but also with ordinary visitors. Here you can see the first translations of the Bible into Armenian, works on medicine, geometry, history. Amazingly beautiful miniatures and titles made by ancient artists, elegant frames made of precious metals will make you forget about the 21st century rustling outside the window for a long time.
In addition to the amazing age of the books, the stories of how they have come down to our time are also awe-inspiring. The basis of the collection is the collection of books of the Etchmiadzin Monastery. But many copies have been passed down from generation to generation for centuries as the greatest family treasure.
There are books written in different languages, created by representatives of different religions. All this treasure has about 17 thousand exhibits.
In this amazing place, you can realize yourself as a part of the history of mankind, absorb the powerful energy of the wisdom of hundreds of previous generations and become its guide to the future.
Matenadaran is the best answer to the question of what to see in Armenia first.
Be sure to watch this beautiful video about Armenia!
6. Mount Ararat (Armenian Highlands, Turkey)
Monastery against the backdrop of the sacred mountain Ararat Any native inhabitant to the guest’s question “What to see in Armenia?” The answer is Mount Ararat. This is the main symbol of Armenia, despite the fact that Ararat is located in Turkey. According to legend, it was at the foot of this mountain that Noah's ark found its last resting place. To this day, the search for his remains continues on the volcanic massif, but so far they have been unsuccessful. Despite the universal name Ararat, the indigenous people used to call the mountain Masis. If you want to see the sights of Armenia, you simply cannot do without visiting Mount Ararat.
The height of the peak is 5165 meters, so you need to carefully prepare for climbing it. The first attempt to conquer the summit took place in 1829. However, today the climbing program is available to everyone under a special tourist program. There is a version that Ararat is a former volcano, which has been considered extinct for the last few millennia. During the last eruption, accompanied by showers and mudflows, the Arguri settlement was destroyed. At the foot of the mountain there is a national park covering an area of about 90 thousand hectares, which includes not only two mountain peaks, but also the area where, according to legend, the biblical ark crashed.
7. Blue Mosque (Yerevan city)
The Blue Mosque is a silent witness to history 8. Museum of Aram Khachaturian (Yerevan city)
House-Museum of Aram Khachaturian - repository of the great composer's fame While exploring the streets of Yerevan, be sure to visit the museum of the Armenian musician and author of many musical works, Aram Khachaturian. For his services to the fatherland, the heads of Armenia decided to create a museum in honor of the honorary citizen.
The basis for the museum was the house in which Aram lived when he was passing through Yerevan. There were no special changes in the appearance of the mansion, only a two-story extension appeared in the garden. And the facade was transformed by five massive arches, similar to tuning forks.
The composer only had time to approve the plan for the future museum, but did not live to see its opening. The current director of the museum is the outstanding pianist Armine Grigoryan.
Musical evenings and festivals are constantly held within the walls of this majestic landmark of Armenia, meetings with cultural figures are organized, and various exhibitions are held.
Visiting the museum, you will see Aram's personal office, his bedroom, dining room and, of course, the piano, which was composed and played by a talented musician. Also get acquainted with many things, from the conductor's baton to personal letters. Every year the museum receives valuable exhibits from all over the world, one way or another connected with Aram Khachaturian.
9. Yerevan brandy factory (Yerevan city)
Storage of the Yerevan Brandy Factory Yerevan Brandy Factory is the leading producer of alcoholic beverages in Armenia. Its history began in 1887 from the moment it was founded by the merchant Nerses Tairov. After 12 years, the plant became owned by Nikolai Shustov. Today, the brandy factory is the leader in the export of alcoholic beverages in Armenia. Many of the drinks produced are up to 20 years old, for example, Nairi, Vaspurakan, Armenia, 25, Dvin. The arsenal of YBC also contains unique brands of cognac, which are produced and bottled according to a special recipe in a limited series. Such drinks cannot be bought on the shelves of supermarkets, among them are Erebuni, Kilikia, Noah's Ark, etc.
The products of the Yerevan Brandy Factory are supplied to 25 countries of the world and have 47 registered trademarks. According to local residents, it is best to start acquaintance with Armenia with a visit to the factory. To do this, you can visit a fascinating tour and see the production of alcoholic beverages from the inside. If you decide to see the sights of Armenia, the brandy factory will be a great start for traveling around the country and getting to know its culture.
10. Khor Virap Monastery (Mount Ararat)
Ascetic beauty of Khor Virap Monastery Near Mount Ararat rises the ancient monastery of Khor Virap. The two popular attractions complement each other. According to legend, Noah's ark ran aground on Mount Ararat. Khor Virap is located on the territory of the former capital of Armenia - Artashat.
The foundation of the monastery is an underground prison, where the king imprisoned St. Gregory the Illuminator for 15 years. After the adoption of Christianity by Armenia, the monastery became the center of spiritual development. Divine services are held in the church on the territory of the monastery. And today the monastery is considered one of the most frequently visited places for pilgrimage.
Access to the underground prison is open to every visitor, the entrance is through the chapel of St. Gregory. Initially, a chapel was erected around the underground prison, and later the monastery itself.
Do not hesitate to visit these legendary ancient sights of Armenia . Going down the winding stairs to the dungeon to a depth of 6 meters, any tourist can feel how hard it was for the prisoner here, because the width of the room is only 4.4 meters. After such a trip, there will be enough impressions for a year ahead.
Sights of Armenia: what else to visit while in Armenia
No matter how tempting the opportunity to explore all the interesting places on your own may seem, it still makes more sense if you are accompanied. With them you can discuss the excursion route, taking into account the information that you learn from our descriptions of the country's tourist sites.
11. Tatev Monastery (Goris city)
Medieval monastery of Tatev in Armenia Tatev Monastery is a whole complex of monasteries located 20 kilometers from the settlement of Goris. For many centuries the complex was the main center of spirituality in the historical region of Armenia Syunik.
This complex is a real treasure for the tourist. Here is the habitat of the monks of Tatevi Anapat, the Wings of Tatev hanging rope route (the money received from visiting goes to the revival of the entire complex), a natural bridge, and caves. Interesting sights of Armenia are collected in one place. At the end of the 20th century, they even wanted to include the Tatev Monastery in the UNESCO list.
During the prosperity of Syunik, more than ten hundred people lived under the arches of the monastery. The monastery existed by collecting tribute from the surrounding villages. In the Middle Ages, a miniature school was formed on its territory, which served as a noticeable development of the population.
The complex was badly damaged after the earthquake that occurred in 1931. At the moment, the restoration process is still going on, but there is no ban on visiting.
While on the monastery grounds, have a fascinating exploration of the temples and tombs.
12. Selim caravanserai (Yerevan city)
The preserved Selim caravanserai in Yerevan The winding serpentine of the Selim Pass is a favorite route for tourists traveling around Armenia. The pass is located at an altitude of 2500 meters. Due to the high amount of precipitation in winter, it is almost impossible to get there, so you should plan a trip in late spring, summer or autumn.
A motor road passes through the pass, along which travelers travel from the city of Yerevan to Lake Sevan and back. On the way you will meet a beautiful view of the valley, surrounded by green grass and indented by many streams. It will be possible to capture Mount Ararat. As you advance, you will find yourself at the lower level of a narrow gorge, where the famous Selim caravanserai was built.
In the distant past, the Silk Road passed here, and the Selim caravanserai was an overnight stay for caravans going to Europe. In the 15th century, the caravanserai was destroyed, but in the middle of the 20th century it was restored again. The oldest sights of Armenia fascinate with their views. These include the Selim caravanserai.
The basalt structure includes a hall divided into rooms for people and animals to spend the night. Once here, one can imagine how people rested after a long journey.
13. Tsitsernakaberd, Museum of the Armenian Genocide (Yerevan city)
Armenian Genocide Museum in Yerevan Going on a trip and making up an itinerary for yourself, what to visit in Armenia , Don't miss out on the Armenian Genocide Museum. It is located in Yerevan. The museum was opened in 1995 on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the terrible tragedy, which Armenians mourn to this day. About 1.5 million Armenians were destroyed in the period 1915-1917. This museum was founded in memory of the tragedy.
His building is built on a mountain, on its very slope. This is where the memorial is located. A magnificent view of Mount Ararat opens from the roof of the museum complex. In the very center of the museum courtyard there is a memorial stele made of stone.
The museum itself is unique. His building is completely submerged in the ground. As planned, it should be a tomb, and its internal structure - the circles of hell.
All expositions of the museum are collected with great difficulty. Many archival documents were destroyed or are still classified. The main part of the museum consists of three rooms. The first one presents a huge map of the Armenian Highlands, which was carved on the wall. The settlements where the most people were destroyed are marked here. Photo archives of peacetime before the genocide are presented. Books and photos are exhibited in the second room. In the third room are demographic tables indicating the number of deaths.
The purpose of the museum as a landmark of Armenia – not only to honor the memory of the dead, but also to clearly show the enormity of what happened in order to prevent such tragedies.
14. Fortress Smbataberd (village Artabuink)
Ruins of Smbataberd fortress The fortress is located to the east of the village of Artabuink in the Vayots Dzor region. Being on a hill, it is a medieval fortification complex built on the site of an observation post of the 5th century. Most historians believe that the fortress was named after Prince Smbat Orbelyan, the ruler of the 13th century. He was a skilled warrior, knew 5 languages, was a diplomat with an innate talent.
The absence of dense plantations of trees in this place was beneficial for the builders of the Smbataberd fortress, because it made it impossible to storm the defensive structure. It was difficult to break through thick walls, and the enemies did not want to fight in an empty area where there was not a single tree.
When the siege came, the fortress did not give up. The enemies did not know that a secret water supply was connected to the fortress, and inside there were many warehouses with provisions. Thanks to this, they managed to survive the difficult times.
They tried to restore the ruined fortress (in 2006-2007), but a significant part of it was not restored. Getting to this attraction of Armenia is very easy. You can walk here by walking 2 km to the east from the village of Artabuink.
15. Sanahin Monastery (Sanain village, Alaverdi city)
Sanahin Monastery, an outstanding monument of Armenian architecture Sanahin Monastery is one of the most inaccessible beauties of Armenia. After all, to get here, you have to overcome about two kilometers on foot.
The location of the monastery was chosen deliberately. Here the monks were hiding, wishing to avoid the disfavor of the Byzantine ruler Romanos Lecapinus. Built in the 10th century, the monastery was later not only a place of residence for the clergy, but also a school, an academy. Famous scientists in the Middle Ages taught here.
Many sights of Armenia, including the Sanahin Monastery, are famous for their beauty, as well as excellent preservation. This building was damaged more than once during earthquakes, but each time it was restored by caring people. The place received a complete restoration in 1996, and then it was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Being here, it is impossible not to look at the building in the center, around which the rest are located. Surb Astvatsatsin is a restored domed church made of blocks of basalt. Inside the small temple there are restored frescoes. Other churches of the complex are Amenaprkich, the chapel of St. Grigor.
16. Yerevan Cascade (Yerevan)
Square on the way to the Cascade on the slopes of the Kanaker hills in Yerevan Dmitry Karyshev Radiant Armenia beckons guests with gentle sun, magnificent mountain landscapes, amazingly delicious national cuisine and cordiality of the people. What to see in May, if it was during this period that the trip fell? In late spring, when the flower beds are blooming and the greenery pleases with fresh colors, it is worth visiting the Cascade in Yerevan, surrounded by a beautiful park. It is a unique architectural complex designed to connect two parts of the city. Superbly decorated staircases, picturesque fountains, colorful flower beds and various sculptures along the Kanaker hills form a kind of cascade connecting the lower and upper parts of Yerevan. At the top of the Cascade there is an observation deck, from where breathtaking views of the city open against the background of the horizon, decorated with a border of Small and Big Ararat. The total length of the composition of the Cascade is 0.5 km, and the difference between the heights is about 100 meters.
17. Geghard Monastery (Kotayk region)
Aerial view of the monastery complex of Geghard among the cliffs of the gorge of the mountain river Goght in Armenia Geghard is a monastery complex, an amazing architectural structure and the main thing that Armenia is famous for in the Kotayk region. The monastery is located about half an hour from the capital, in the beautiful gorge of the Goght River, where pilgrimage tours are often made. . It is believed that St. George the Illuminator founded the monastery back in the 4th century AD, on the site of a sacred spring, which to this day is located near the monastery and gives the purest water. Part of the buildings of the monastery was hollowed out right inside the rocks, the other part is complex structures, partly walled, partly sunk into the stronghold of the cliff. The monastery has another, more modern name - Geghardavank (Spear Monastery), derived from the spear of Longinus, with which the body of God's Son was pierced after the execution. In the 13th century, the Apostle Thaddeus brought the spear to Armenia - the legendary shrine is today kept in the Armenian Museum of Etchmiadzin.
18. Etchmiadzin Cathedral (Vagharshapat)
Etchmiadzin Cathedral - one of the ancient Christian temples of the planet Vigen Hakhverdyan Each branch of Christianity has its own revered shrines. If we talk about the holy places of Armenia, the most important of them can be called the Etchmiadzin Cathedral. The ancient city of Vagharashpat, where the cathedral is located, is the largest center of Christian culture in the territory of Armenia - Christianity was recognized here as the state religion back in the 4th century. In past centuries, the walls of the Etchmiadzin Cathedral were covered with frescoes with scenes from the Holy Scriptures and images of especially revered saints, but part of the painting was lost over time. As a result of a thorough restoration in the 20th century, fragments of the mural were updated, many structural elements were strengthened. On the side of the temple, you can visit the buildings reserved for museum exhibits. Their collections include paintings by famous Armenian artists, embroidered robes, church utensils, staffs, crosses and other valuable church attributes.
Pagan temple in Garni, dedicated to the sun god Mihr, on the territory of Armenia If you look at the sights of Armenia on the map , then about 30 kilometers from Yerevan you can see the only pagan temple in Armenia, built after the adoption of Christianity. It was dedicated to one of the most revered gods in Ancient Armenia - Mihr, after whom it was named. This unique object is located near the village of Garni, right above the gorge of the Azat River. The temple was built from smooth-hewn blocks of basalt, fastened with staples and pins, following the model of Hellenistic architecture. 9 high and massive steps stretch along the entire length of the facade, and the pylons on both sides of the stairs are covered with reliefs depicting Atlanteans sitting on one knee with raised hands and supporting altars. The dimensions of the temple are rather small - only a statue of a deity was placed here, and the temple itself was intended only for the royal family. Ancient historical monuments have been preserved in the vicinity – the ruins of an ancient fortress, the royal palace and a bath built in the 3rd century.
20. Saint Hripsime Church (Vagharshapat)
Church of St. Hripsime of the 17th century at the entrance to the city of Vagharshapat in Armenia D-man The most ancient city of Vagharshapat, Armenia belongs to the category of the main world shrines and heritage of mankind. The top attractions in this city are crowned by the 7th century St. Hripsime Church, which is part of the complex of the Etchmiadzin Monastery. The relics of Saint Hripsime, who was brutally murdered by the pagans, are kept inside. Presumably in 301, several Christian girls came to Armenia from a Roman monastery, among them was Hripsime. With her beauty, she so subdued the Roman emperor that he offered her marriage. The girl, refusing, was forced to hide from the wrath of the monarch in Armenia. The Armenian king, also captivated by the beauty of Hripsime, caught fire with the same desire, but was rejected, for which he ordered the execution of all the girls who arrived. This cruelty led the emperor to demonic possession, from which Gregory the Illuminator cured him - the Son of God appeared to this saint in a dream, who indicated the place for the construction of a temple in honor of Hripsime.
In the north, Armenia borders on Georgia, a country where proud but hospitable people live, where wine flows like water, and mountain landscapes are so beautiful that almost all famous Russian writers mentioned them in their works! While in Armenia, think about visiting Georgia. Read about and get inspired for your further journey through the Caucasus region!
It is hard to imagine that about 4,000 very different historical monuments are concentrated in Armenia. Since ancient times, a culture has developed here that has absorbed traces of contrasting nations. It's time to explore this country closer.
The famous mountain peak of Armenia (although for the most part the ridge is located in Turkey, but once Ararat was Armenian territory), and the highest dormant volcano in Turkey. Ararat is famous thanks to the biblical legend, because many are of the opinion that Noah's Ark after the Flood stuck precisely to Ararat.
This is a symbol of Armenia, a beautiful mountain with wonderful valleys at the foot. The top of Ararat is covered by a cap of 30 glaciers. It is not too difficult to climb, but it is still recommended to conquer it from the Turkish side. Especially for these purposes, many pilgrims come here from all over the world.
Erebuni Fortress
To the southwest of Yerevan is the Arin-Berd hill, on which the ruins of the fortress and ancient city buildings are located. The walls of the fortress of three meters in height are still preserved (initially they were up to 12 m). According to Forbes magazine, this is one of the 9 oldest fortresses in the world.
Laid down in 782 BC. e. King Argishti I, the fortress of Erebuni was an important strategic object of the Urartians in the Ararat valley. These were the times when Urartu was the most powerful state in the region. In the IV century BC. Erebuni lost its strategic importance, and the city fell into decay. Later, the ruins of the fortress were completely forgotten by everyone. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, archaeologists became interested in the fortress. Currently, some elements of the ancient city have been reconstructed.
The foundations of temples, the outbuildings of the fortress - all this awaits lovers of antiquity, who will be greatly impressed by what they see. Also at the foot of the hill, in 1968, the Erebuni Museum was opened, which stores important finds from the fortress.
Noravank monastery complex
Literally translated as “New Monastery”, Noravank is a fine example of the local religious traditions in architecture that Armenia is so proud of. The complex is located 120 km from the capital, on the rocks along the picturesque canyon of the Arpa River.
Founded in 1205, it has seen a lot in its years. To our time, in addition to a number of stelae and khachkars (a statue depicting a cross), the beautiful churches of Surb Astvatsatsin and Surb Karapet, the tomb of the Orbelyan princely family (their residence was once here), and the chapel of Surb Grigor have survived.
According to legend, in the past there was a particle of the Cross of the Lord with traces of the blood of Jesus Christ, acquired by the monks from a certain wanderer. Unfortunately, the relic has not reached our days (was lost). In 1996, Norvank was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Geghardavank monastery
Also called the Geghard (spear) or Ayrivank (cave monastery) monastery complex, it is located along a picturesque place near the canyon of the Goght mountain stream. The first buildings date back to the 4th century BC.
According to the legends, the monastery got one of its names because of the storage here of the spear with which the crucified Jesus Christ was killed. Located 40 km from Yerevan, the monastery complex is popular with both pilgrims and lovers of architectural solutions. The fact is that some of the temples (for example, the Avazan church) are hollowed out inside the rock (partially in the place of the cave, where the pagans worshiped their gods). No wonder the monastery is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Here are the most beautiful landscapes.
Monument "Mother Armenia"
The most famous monument of Armenia. Located in Yerevan (Victory Park), a 52-meter copper obelisk, in which the feat of the Armenian soldier of the Great Patriotic War is immortalized.
A 22-meter statue of a woman holding a sword in her hands, at whose feet there is a shield. All this is installed on a massive granite pedestal. At the foot of the pedestal there is an eternal flame, and at the base of the monument there is a museum of the Ministry of Defense (it presents an exposition about the Great Patriotic and Nagono-Karabakh wars).
An interesting fact is that initially there was a figure of I. Stalin on the pedestal, removed in 1962 after the fall of his personality cult (the current sculpture appeared only in 1967).
The largest freshwater lake in the Caucasus and the brightest of natural beauties, if we talk about the natural attractions of Armenia. Sevan is located at an altitude of 1900 m. In translation, the name Sevan means "black monastery", in honor of the Sevanavank monastery, located near the lake, the walls of which are made of dark volcanic tuff.
The locals called Sevan the Armenian Sea, apparently due to the absence of seas in Armenia. True, the waters in such a sea are still a little cool. At one time, a program was adopted to lower the water level in the lake, but it had a negative impact on the content of microorganisms in the water, and the program was slowed down a bit, but since the water level dropped by a dozen meters, the banks were planted with forests.
Around the lake, the Sevan National Park was created, with reserves and sanctuaries inhabited by many species of animals and plants. Sevan is surrounded by many picturesque mountain ranges, from which numerous streams flow, replenishing the lake with water. In the valleys near the shores of the lake, there are such sights as the monasteries of Hayravank, Vanevank and Makenis, as well as the ancient village of Noratus.
Archaeological studies of the area can sometimes bring unexpected results. At the beginning of the 20th century, a group of researchers discovered the ruins of an ancient temple 10 km from Yerevan. The remains of the temple were covered with earth up to the very roof. Called the temple of Zvarnots (in ancient Armenian it means “Temple of vigilant angels”), this temple is one of the largest religious buildings of the early Middle Ages in Armenia.
In the old days, the temple consisted of a 3-tiered building, 35 meters in diameter. Built in 640-650 AD, the temple was the basis for a new architectural direction. It is said that the emperor of Byzantium himself (Constant II) was present at the opening of the temple.
It just so happened that in the 10th century, during an earthquake, the pillars supporting the second tier collapsed. The temple fell into disrepair, and over time it began to be completely covered with sand. In our time, the first tier of the building has been excavated and restored. It opened an archaeological museum. Here you can take photos and videos while visiting.
Smbataberd fortress
The fortress is located on a hilltop near Artabuynk, not far from the rivers Artabun and Yeghegis. In the 5th century there was a defensive observation post. Later, in the XII century, Prince Smbat built a fortified fortification complex. There was a high danger of an invasion by the Mongol army, and similar complexes were built throughout the region. Since Smbat is a whole dynasty of princes, it is not known for certain who the fortifications were named after.
The fortress is built on top of a hill, and is surrounded on three sides by gorges and sheer cliffs, which was a good solution for structures of this kind. By the way, in the entire history of the fortress managed to capture only once. It was possible to get into the fortress only through the massive main gate.
In 2006, the reconstruction of the fortress began, but most of it still lies in ruins. However, there is still something to see: massive basalt walls, a number of watchtowers, and some other buildings.
Sisian
A small Armenian town with a great history, surrounded by picturesque mountains. The city is known for its sights. The first of them is the Shaki waterfall, reaching a height of 40 m. The place where the waterfall is located is replete with crevices, niches in the rocks and deep grottoes. In some of them, traces of a man from the Stone Age (about 10 thousand years BC) were found.
There is also a place near Mount Ukhtasar, where rock carvings depicting the life of primitive man are carved on stones. Their age is at least 4,000 years.
But the most interesting is the Zorats-Karer (Karahunj) complex. These are 220 stones up to 2 m high, laid out in an even circle. The approximate age of the complex is 4 - 7.5 thousand years, and it is called one of the oldest observatories on Earth, such as, for example, the English Stonehenge.
Haghpat Monastery
Not far from Alaverdi there are two monasteries - Sanahin and Haghpat. Both are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The name Haghpat is translated from ancient Armenian as “good masonry”. According to the folk legend, Sanahin was made by father and son.
It so happened that they quarreled during the construction process, and the son, in order to show his ability to build, decided to build a monastery himself in the neighborhood. Having completed the construction of Sanahin, the father decided to see how his son was doing. Arriving at the construction site, he exclaimed "Ah pat." A legend is a legend, but Haghpat really has been standing since the 10th century, having survived many earthquakes.
Nowadays, Haghpat is a whole architectural complex with many buildings, such as the churches of Surb Grigor Lusavorich built in 1005, Surb Nshan, Surb Astvatsatsin, etc.
This concludes our exploration of the sights of the country. If you have been to these parts, share what you managed to see.
Armenia is a country with a very ancient culture that has survived to this day. Various sights of Armenia, and unusual, but very tasty local cuisine will not leave you indifferent. Returning from Armenia, you will forever take a piece of this country with you. And after a while, you want to come back again. And in order to be completely tempted, we offer you a list of the most interesting sights of Armenia, which are worth paying special attention to.
What to see in Armenia?
The main and most interesting places in the country with photos and descriptions.
1. Blue Mosque
Today, the Blue Mosque is the only Muslim creed in all of Yerevan. The history of this famous landmark of Armenia began in 1766. Built on the orders of the great Khan Huseynali Khan Qajar, it has been an adornment of the city throughout its existence. Unfortunately, the mosque did not survive in its original form, and only one of the four minarets has survived to this day. Many pilgrims, leaving the mosque, feel irresistible happiness and peace.
The temple is quite inconspicuous, it is almost impossible to see from the street. To do this, you will have to go through the archway, and after passing the apricot grove, go straight to the mosque. The blue dome will not let you doubt that you have come to the right place.
2. Noravank monastery complex
Noravank monastery complex was built in the XIII-XIV centuries. The literal translation means "new monastery". At one time, this monastery received bishops within its walls and was the last refuge of the Orbelian princes, whose graves can be seen on the territory of Noravank. All parts of the monastery include two church buildings and one chapel. Surb Astvatsatsin Church is the main attraction. With its unusual entrance on the second floor and an unusual double staircase without a railing, it significantly limits the number of tourists visiting. Not every person decides to climb it, risking falling to the bottom.
Surb Karapet - the second church, looks less elegant, although it was built in the 13th century. The architecture was seriously damaged several times by local earthquakes. Given the historical significance and location surrounded by picturesque nature, Norvank is a landmark of Armenia, which is worth a visit for a tourist.
3. Grand Cascade in Yerevan
If you come to the capital of Armenia, be sure to visit the main attraction of Yerevan - the Grand Cascade. Climbing this man-made structure, you will see many ordered sculptures, stone stairs of various lengths and widths. Fountains and flower beds pleasantly refresh and fill the air with unique aromas. All this man-made beauty is located on one of the slopes of the Kanaker hills in the heart of the city itself. The cascade is undeniably considered the decoration of the city, and from its top one of the best views of the city and the peaks of the famous Ararat opens. If you come to the Cascades at night, you can see the fabulous landscape of Yerevan at night.
4. Ararat
Each country has its own pride, the people of which admire and this attraction makes many tourists come. For Armenia, this is the famous Mount Ararat. The mountain consists of two peaks: Small and Big Ararat. The highest of them divides the mountain in half, giving part of it to Turkish possessions. The mountain is considered sacred, and according to legend, it was on the top of this mountain that Noah's ark found its refuge. Pilgrims strive to get to the top, and the inhabitants of the country themselves consider this matter ungodly. In order to climb the mountain, it is enough to obtain a special permit from the authorities of the country, and to be in good physical shape.
5. Lake Sevan
We have already seen that the natural sights of Armenia are amazing. Another proof of this is Sevan. This alpine lake spreads its clear and pure waters at an altitude of 1916 meters above sea level. Surrounded by snow-capped mountain peaks and banks immersed in greenery, the lake attracts lovers of contemplation, and for good reason. Once on the shore, you can look at it for a very long time, and not even feel that time has passed unnoticed. The locals revere this sacred lake and believe that the gods themselves drink from its waters. Along the shore of Lake Sevan, at the moment, about 250 thousand inhabitants live. They have created excellent conditions for living and recreation of tourists, which can be used by any traveler.
6. Erebuni
For those wishing to travel by time machine, Armenia has the opportunity to visit the ruins of the Erebuni Fortress. As mentioned above, this is an ancient country, and the first stone capital was built 2.7 thousand years ago. It was not only the capital of ancient Armenia, but also a fairly serious defensive structure that protected the locals. Located in the picturesque valley of Ararat, the ancient fortress is a treasure trove of useful information for archaeologists. To this day, they find many useful and unusual artifacts at the excavations. It is enough to walk around the fortress on your own to make sure that the people of this country could perfectly stand up for themselves many centuries ago.
7. Geghardavank Monastery
Geghardavank Monastery is a truly unique and inimitable place in Armenia, included in the UNESCO heritage list. According to legend, it was in this monastery that for a very long time the monks kept a spear with which one of the guards pierced Jesus Christ when he was hanging on the cross. The first stone monastery on this site was founded in the 4th century. But the regular raids of the Arabs did not go unnoticed, the monastery was destroyed. At the moment, the complex consists of several churches and a special cave with a spring. The monastery of Geghardavank does not attract with its bright decoration, it is a true abode of hermits who decided to devote their lives to the Orthodox faith. However, this place is a very popular tourist destination in Armenia.
8. Temple of Garni
The Temple of Garni is another proof that the architectural sights of Armenia are worth the attention of tourists. Anyone who first enters the territory of this temple, orderly rows of Greek and Roman columns come to mind. And indeed, even within the country, the name of the temple “Armenian Parthenon” has taken root. But oddly enough, it has nothing to do with Ancient Greece. And slender columns, well-preserved mosaics and porticos were erected on the orders of local kings by local builders. For many centuries, the Temple of Mihr in Garni was used as a summer residence, and great people regularly rested in its vaults. After the last earthquake, the temple was completely restored and is available to tourists as a historical site.
9. History Museum of Armenia
Located in the capital, the Historical Museum of Armenia was founded in 1921 together with an art gallery. If they decided to leave the paintings on the upper floors of the complex, then the museum itself is located on two underground levels. If you are interested in the history of the country from the very beginning to the present day in interesting details, the guides will be happy to take you through all the halls and tell you everything in order. You will be able to see with your own eyes the archaeological department, the department of numismatics and historical architecture. It is difficult to list all the artifacts that the modern museum owns. Moreover, the exposition is constantly updated with new finds of archaeologists. As they say, it is better to see once.
10. Etchmiadzin Cathedral
To get to this sacred place, you first have to get to the city of Vagharshapat. Despite its nondescriptness, the temple is an excellent example of 4th century architecture, and after many alterations and improvements, it has come down to us in its original form. But this did not affect its attractive and ascetic architecture in any way. No wonder the building was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Etchmiadzin Cathedral is not just a temple, but a stronghold of faith of the Apostolic Church of Armenia, and attracts many pilgrims to its walls. You can view the temple not only from the outside, but also go inside. The pointed bell towers stand out a little from other religious buildings, but do not spoil the overall impression of the visit.
11. Sevanavank Monastery
This beautiful Armenian attraction is located on the shores of the high-mountain lake Sevan. Like other monasteries in Armenia, Sevanavank attracts tourists and pilgrims with its unusual view and landscape. He has a very unusual story. For centuries, Sevanavank was located on the island, which was surrounded by the waters of Sevan. But in 1981, they began to build a special drainage tunnel, completed in 2003. He dramatically reduced the size of the lake, and the island turned into a peninsula. But this did not affect the unique view of the lake, which opens from the territory of the Sevanavank monastery and the view of the snow-capped mountain peaks. Near the temple there are remains of an older structure that you can touch with your own hands.
12. Temple of Zvartnots
The temple of Zvartnots has not survived to this day. On the hill you can see only grandiose ruins, which easily guess the majestic building. Numerous archaeologists have found many artifacts, including a miniature model of Zvartnotsok. Built in the middle of the year 600, the temple stood on top of the hill for almost 300 years. And only during the strongest earthquake in 930, it was completely destroyed under its own weight. At the moment, on the square of the complex, you can consider possible reconstructions of the temple according to historical descriptions.
13. Tatev Monastery Complex
Of all the monastic complexes in Armenia, Tatev is perhaps the most visited and unusual. In order to get into it, you will need to drive 20 km from the village of Goris. And along with hundreds of other tourists, get into the walls of an ancient Orthodox monastery. Tatev began its history in the 9th century AD, but this is not the only reason why it became famous. For those who are not afraid of cable cars, they can visit the "Wings of Tetev" and feel the greatness of the ancient builders. Surrounded by mountains, a natural bridge and a cave were formed under the general name of Satani Kamurj. This unique object also attracts curious glances. Several ancient temples of one of the first Christians and other interesting sights will not let you get bored during the day.
14. Khor Virap Monastery
At the highest and most beautiful Mount Ararat, the monastery of Khor Virap spread its ancient walls. Its walls were a medieval prison, keeping criminals behind thick walls and secure bars in the 4th century AD. Since then, everything has changed a lot, and the monastery is used only for church purposes. But for curious tourists, the cells of the underground prison retained their original gloominess and forever absorbed the state of hopelessness of the prisoners. The contrast of the dungeon is the incredible beauty of the landscape that opens from the walls of the monastery to the snow-capped Mount Ararat. Thanks to the cleanest air and the absence of clouds, the mountain is perfectly visible for most of the year. This is one of the most visited attractions in Armenia.