Airplane L 410 general description. How it's made, how it works, how it works. History of production and creation
Among them is the Let L-410 aircraft. This is a versatile aircraft with two engines. It is used at short distances. There are only 19 seats in the cabin. It was developed at the Czech factory Let.
Turbolet Let L-410 is the full name of this aircraft. It is convenient because it can be landed on a variety of types of sites and runways - unpaved, snowy or not very long. It is used in military and civilian transport.
In the 60s last century In the USSR, the creation of a new type of aircraft that would be used on domestic and short routes was discussed. The first developments have begun at the Beriev Design Bureau. This is how the type appeared Be-30. At the same time, they began to design such a model in the Czech SSR.
The aircraft had to be economical, so they considered using turboprop engines rather than jet engines.
In 1969 The first tests of Czech aircraft began. They used American engines. By the end of the 60s was produced 31 aircraft.
In 1974 L-410M with Czech engines was presented. Five years later, a new, improved modification of this aircraft was released - L-410UVP. It differed from the previous ones in its elongated fuselage, large wings, and vertical tail.
It was certified in the USSR and began to be used
Other modifications to this model were also made. They have Takeoff and landing performance was improved and cabin noise was reduced.
The cockpit of the Let L-410.
Now they are used in flight schools for training in preparation for long-distance flights or military transportation.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, attempts were made to restore the operation of the Let plant. Demand for the L-410 fell and production was slowed. The popularity of this model also decreased because the number of its participation increased. Total 106 cars was lost in this way with the total number of victims 406 people.
In 2013 The Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company bought a full stake in the plant, so three years later they decided to produce this aircraft again.
Technical characteristics of the L-410 aircraft
Its aerodynamic design is classical. It is a high-wing aircraft with two turboprop engines. Its tail unit is single-finned.
You can see a photo of the Let L-410 aircraft below.
The length of L-410 reaches 14.4 meters. Wingspan - 20 m. Aircraft height - 8 m. Its maximum take-off weight is 6,600 kg, and landing - 6,400 kg. Empty aircraft weight - 4,150 kg.
It can fly routes with a range up to 1,540 km, and with maximum load - up to 1,040 km. Its cruising speed is 310 km/h, and the maximum is 400 km/h.
The L-410 is flown by two pilots. The salon can fit from 15 to 19(the exact quantity depends on the modification).
Modifications of L-410
One of these types is L-410UVP. The last three letters indicate one of the characteristics of the L-410 aircraft of this modification - “short takeoff and landing”. This is a short-haul aircraft. He soared into the sky in 1976 first time. It was equipped with Soviet-Czech avionics.
The second common model is L-410NG. He has installed integral wing tanks. This made it possible to increase the capacity of the fuel system, which in turn influenced for flight range.
The engines develop more power, and the cockpit is equipped with avionics to new standards. The volume of the front luggage compartment has also been increased.
By 2017, they want to put this modification into mass production again.
L-410 UVP-E20 is a universal twin-engine aircraft of Czech production for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. Designed for operation on unprepared dirt, grass, snow areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an aircraft in the “off-road” category. The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, the L-410 was also supplied to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, and Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and during its long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation around the world.
Production site of Aircraft Industries in Kunovice, Czech Republic.
The Aircraft Industries plant, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company produces aircraft through a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design bureau and an airport.
L-410 fuselage parts production workshop. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing production - light green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year.
About 80% of aircraft are supplied to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.
Production of parts on a CNC milling center from the French company Creneau.
Cleaning parts before molding
Forming a part on a press
Punching Press
Design documentation - interceptor drawing
Manufacturing of the wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center.
The production uses Russian duralumin produced by OJSC Kamensk-Ural Metallurgical Plant. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.
Wing panel production
Assembly of the front wing
Checking the quality of riveting on an airplane wing
One L-410 aircraft uses about 185,000 rivets of different types and sizes
Riveting work in the middle part of the fuselage
Installation of floor panels
Production of the rear fuselage
Production of engine air intake parts
Production of air intake parts for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787 aircraft.
Assembly conveyor for L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610.
In one half of the building there are two production lines for new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a service workshop for aircraft coming out of service.
There are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop at the same time. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop.
At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing for delivery to customers.
Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1,150 aircraft of the L-410 family.
More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.
The process of finishing the luggage compartment of an aircraft in the nose after completing the installation of electrical equipment
Emergency exit door assembly
The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible.
The forward luggage compartment doors are open.
Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally include devices from Russian manufacturers
Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin
Installing Wiring Harnesses
Installation of electrical wires on an aircraft wing in the area of the engine nacelle
Five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with a GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant for the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It has been installed on all new aircraft since January 2013 and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR MAK.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of its own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant.
The average age of the company's employees is 44 years.
Work on the GE H-80 engine, carried out by a representative of GE Aviation Czech, Prague (former Walter plant).
The final installation stage takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of production, as within its framework, engines, landing gear and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand Euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight testing takes just under a year.
Cockpit of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft.
The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flights and has an advanced ground proximity warning system (EGPWS) and TCAS II. The L 410 is designed in the metric system (rather than inches), which is an exception in Western aviation.
This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation aircraft for training pilots at the Sasovo Flight School of Civil Aviation (Ryazan region).
Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarz is the chief test pilot of the plant.
Under the wing of an airplane, a view of the river. Morava and the town of Uhersky Ostrog
Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana.
Airplanes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable colors.
Leaving with a turn
Practical ceiling - 8000 meters
Approaching the runway.
The L-410 aircraft can land both on a paved runway and on grass, soil and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation “Shortened Takeoff and Landing,” which also recalls the Russian roots of the aircraft.
Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkowice.
The medieval Gothic castle Buchlov (13th century) is located 10 km from Kunowice.
Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia – the south-eastern region of the Czech Republic.
Velehrad Monastery (XIII century) is one of the main pilgrimage churches in the Czech Republic.
In 863 - 866 Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in the city of Velegrad.
A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in Staroe Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city.
For any questions regarding the use of photographs, please email.
The Let L-410 Turbolet airliner was born in the late 60s thanks to Czechoslovakian aircraft engineers from the Let company. This aircraft was to be used only by local airline companies; the main customers of such aircraft were the USSR. Let L-410 Turbolet was also supplied to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, and Poland.
The aircraft began to be used for commercial purposes only in 1973 and acquired several interior modifications:
- L-410A – this model featured a new PT6A-27 engine.
- L-410M - this model had a more powerful M-610 engine installed.
- L-410UVP - in this modification the wings, fuselage and fin were lengthened, produced from steel in 1979-89.
- L-410UVP-E – this model had five-blade propellers installed, and two fuel tanks with a capacity of 200 liters were also added. They were installed at the ends of the wings.
If we go deeper into history, the melon plane was rebuilt for military aviation; it served not only to transport soldiers, but also for special purposes. In total, about 1,100 airliners of various configurations were produced, most of the aircraft were sent to the Soviet Union, there are up to 800 L-410 aircraft. Serial production of the Let L-410 Turbolet airliner was discontinued in 1991, despite this, several aircraft were produced to order in the 2000s.
Also, thanks to its shape, the plane was nicknamed “Cheburashka.” Because of its large blades located above the cabin, it looked like a well-known Soviet cartoon character.
Characteristics of Let L-410 Turbolet
The length of the aircraft was only 14 meters, and the wingspan reached 20 meters. He could lift up to 6600 kilograms into the air. The weight of the aircraft itself was 4,150 kilograms. The maximum flight range reached 1540 kilometers, but when fully loaded it decreased significantly. The airliner has only one economy class, it has 19 seats, the width of the cabin itself is 1.92 meters.
The plane has very good reviews, the percentage of positive reviews about this aircraft is 85 percent, and 15 percent are neutral reviews, but not a single passenger speaks negatively about it, which indicates the high quality of the plane and the flight in it.
Cabin of the Let L-410 Turbolet aircraft
The seats on this plane are arranged according to the 2+1 principle, which automatically makes the single row more comfortable than others, but the double row is perfect for flying in a group or for those people who cannot be without communication for the entire duration of the flight.
There are only two crew members on the airliner, the pilot and the flight attendant; due to the small number of passengers, she manages to pay attention to all her passengers, leaving no one unattended or without providing any service.
Due to the fact that the aircraft's wings are located at the top of the board, all passengers can enjoy the views from the windows without any difficulties, and their view from the window will not be blocked by the aircraft's wing or other parts of it.
If you look at the diagram of the aircraft, you can immediately determine the best places; the diagram of the aircraft will be presented below. You can see this for yourself. The plane has only 6 rows, but the seats under the letter "A" located on the right side of the plane have only five seats.
Not the best places
Row 1. It seems that it can be called the best row, but if we consider this row in detail, then it cannot be called the best row. Firstly, it is located close to the technical room, the light may be constantly on, and various noises can be heard from there during cooking or while using other equipment. Also, seat B in this row is located next to the partition, which makes it impossible to calmly stretch out your legs and enjoy the flight.
But this row also has its advantages: you will always receive food first, and thanks to this you will have a large assortment to choose from. You can also easily get to the kitchen to ask for something. And the main advantage of the first row is that you will not have to constantly collide with other passengers, and you will be the first to get out of the plane.
Row 6. It has only two seats, it is located on the wall, which is why it may not be possible to recline the seat back in order to fly in a comfortable position. You will also have to watch people constantly going to the toilet; it is possible that there will be a queue, and one of the passengers may lean on your seat, which will cause some discomfort. Also, unpleasant sounds may come from the toilet, but this is not the worst thing; there may be an unpleasant smell coming from the toilet, which you will have to put up with throughout the flight.
Row 5. The main disadvantage of this row is that it is located close to the restroom and along the way people will accumulate near your seats, waiting for their turn to use the toilet; also, an unpleasant smell may come from the toilet, which will cause a lot of inconvenience during the flight.
Best places L-410
The best seats include rows from the second to fourth; the second row has all the privileges of the first row, but the noise and noise from the technical room will not cause you such inconvenience as the first row. The third and fourth rows are located in the middle of the cabin; technical rooms cannot in any way disturb their harmony during the flight. Since the toilet is quite far from them and the queue simply does not reach them, much less the sounds and smells from the restroom. The same can be said about the kitchen; they are also not bothered by noises and noises, thanks to this they can calmly enjoy flying in the L-410 airliner.
How L-410 aircraft are made in the Czech Republic helio wrote in December 4th, 2013
L-410 UVP-E20 is a universal twin-engine aircraft of Czech production for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. Designed for operation on unprepared dirt, grass, snow areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an aircraft in the “off-road” category. The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, the L-410 was also supplied to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, and Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and during its long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation around the world.
Production site of Aircraft Industries in Kunovice, Czech Republic.
The Aircraft Industries plant, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company produces aircraft through a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design bureau and an airport.
L-410 fuselage parts production workshop. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing production - light green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year.
About 80% of aircraft are supplied to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.
Production of parts on a CNC milling center from the French company Creneau.
Cleaning parts before molding
Forming a part on a press
Punching Press
Design documentation - interceptor drawing
Manufacturing of the wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center.
The production uses Russian duralumin produced by OJSC Kamensk-Ural Metallurgical Plant. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.
Wing panel production
Assembly of the front wing
Checking the quality of riveting on an airplane wing
One L-410 aircraft uses about 185,000 rivets of different types and sizes
Riveting work in the middle part of the fuselage
Installation of floor panels
Production of the rear fuselage
Production of engine air intake parts
Production of air intake parts for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787 aircraft.
Assembly conveyor for L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610.
In one half of the building there are two production lines for new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a service workshop for aircraft coming out of service.
There are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop at the same time. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop.
At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing for delivery to customers.
Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1,150 aircraft of the L-410 family.
More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.
The process of finishing the luggage compartment of an aircraft in the nose after completing the installation of electrical equipment
Emergency exit door assembly
The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible.
The forward luggage compartment doors are open.
Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally include devices from Russian manufacturers
Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin
Installing Wiring Harnesses
Installation of electrical wires on an aircraft wing in the area of the engine nacelle
Five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with a GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant for the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It has been installed on all new aircraft since January 2013 and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR MAK.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of its own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant.
The average age of the company's employees is 44 years.
Work on the GE H-80 engine, carried out by a representative of GE Aviation Czech, Prague (former Walter plant).
The final installation stage takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of production, as within its framework, engines, landing gear and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand Euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight testing takes just under a year.
Cockpit of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft.
The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight and has an advanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and TCAS II. The L 410 is designed in the metric system (rather than inches), which is an exception in Western aviation.
This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation aircraft for training pilots at the Sasovo Flight School of Civil Aviation (Ryazan region).
Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarz is the chief test pilot of the plant.
Under the wing of an airplane, a view of the river. Morava and the town of Uhersky Ostrog
Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana.
Airplanes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable colors.
Leaving with a turn
Practical ceiling - 8000 meters
Approaching the runway.
The L-410 aircraft can land both on a paved runway and on grass, soil and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation “Shortened Takeoff and Landing,” which also recalls the Russian roots of the aircraft.
Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkowice.
The medieval Gothic castle Buchlov (13th century) is located 10 km from Kunowice.
Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia – the south-eastern region of the Czech Republic.
Velehrad Monastery (XIII century) is one of the main pilgrimage churches in the Czech Republic.
In 863 - 866 Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in the city of Velegrad.
A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in Staroe Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city.
L-410 (photos below) is one of the passenger aircraft models developed by the Czechoslovak company Let. The airliner is designed to transport people, cargo and mail over short distances. In its category it surpasses many analogues in a number of indicators and is considered one of the best.
Short story
Design work under the name L-410 began in 1966 in the Czechoslovak city of Kunovice. Three years later, an experimental model of the model took to the skies. Then it was equipped with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 engines. Over the next few years, the designers significantly modified and improved the aircraft. The key innovation was the new Czech Walter M601 engines, which were developed specifically for it at the aircraft plant in 1973. Later, the company's engineers created a number of modifications of the L-410 aircraft. The model quickly became popular, and individual copies of it appeared on all continents.
In the early nineties of the last century, a real crisis began for the enterprise: there were practically no orders for new aircraft. The situation changed dramatically only in 2008, when 51 percent of its shares were acquired by the Russian company UMMC (five years later it bought the remaining part). The new owners of the plant managed to significantly expand the portfolio of orders and make the model truly in demand on the market. As a result, during this time several dozen aircraft from the line were built and sold to various customers from Ukraine, Brazil, Bulgaria and Slovakia. A significant share of them went to domestic consumers.
Now in the world there are just over 400 aircraft of this line of various modifications. According to expert estimates, for the Russian market alone the demand for these airliners today is about one hundred copies. Work on modernizing the model is not ending at the present time. As for the cost of the L-410, the price of the aircraft starts at 2.4 million euros.
General description and characteristics
It is based on the aerodynamic design of a cantilever high-wing aircraft. The model has a semi-monocoque round fuselage and an all-metal structure. The aircraft is equipped with a three-wheel retractable landing gear with a nose gear. As for the wings, they are straight and trapezoidal in plan. The model is assembled by a Czech company using a full cycle. In other words, there are lines for the production and assembly of all elements and assemblies, from surface treatment of materials to testing at our own airport.
The production version of the airliner, which is very popular these days, is equipped with two GE H80-200 turboprop power plants. The maximum flight range of the model is just over 1.5 thousand kilometers, while the longest flight duration is about five hours. The aircraft is capable of simultaneously carrying 19 passengers on board, excluding crew members.
Key Benefits
Now a few words about the main advantages that the Let L-410 airliner boasts. Reviews from experts in this field indicate that the main one can be called the lowest operating costs in the entire category. In addition, the aircraft is reliable and durable even in extreme conditions. The model’s engines are distinguished by unique traction characteristics that are maintained at fairly low pressure and high temperature. Among other things, this aircraft has the most spacious cabin in its category, a spacious luggage compartment and excellent safety parameters, which provides passengers with a high level of comfort. It should also be noted that the equipment used here is very variable for installing additional options. Thanks to its unique landing gear, the vessel is able to take off and land even on short, grassy and wet strips.
Exploitation
Currently, the L-410 model is successfully operated in more than fifty countries located on five continents. During the entire production of the aircraft, a total of about 1,100 copies were assembled. It is most popular in the countries of the former Soviet Union. As of today, the Czech aircraft plant produces the UVP E20 modification, which is considered the most modern and advanced in the line.
Often, Let L-410 aircraft are operated by airlines that provide air taxi services. In addition, the model is very popular in many world government agencies. It should also be noted that the manufacturing plant always provides its customers with all the necessary service support in a timely manner. The aircraft is also available in amphibious, ambulatory, medical, cargo and executive versions.
The L-410's cabin volume is 632 cubic feet. Thanks to this, even in its standard version, passengers are provided with a fairly high level of comfort. At the same time, one cannot help but note the fact that often its interior is modified and additionally equipped for the purpose of further use in the form of a corporate or private aircraft, where there is everything necessary for rest and work.
Flying in extreme conditions
As noted above, the L-410 aircraft can be operated quite successfully and safely even in difficult weather conditions. According to the technical data sheet, this airliner is designed to operate at temperatures from -50 to +50 degrees. Thus, thanks to its unique design and heavy-duty fuselage, the model is actively used both in the scorching heat of African and Latin American deserts, and in the coldest corners of the planet.
Certification
The L-410 aircraft has been certified and received the appropriate type certificates in many countries, including the Czech Republic, Russia, Germany, Argentina, the Philippines, Australia, Brazil and others. After the European Aviation Safety Agency was established, the model received an EASA certificate, which applies to everything. In addition, the operation of this aircraft is permitted in many other countries on the planet.