Znamenskaya Church. Old Gostiny Dvor

Recently in Moscow, the restoration of an architectural monument, a city estate, whose history is connected with the Decembrist movement, was completed - the house of General A.N. Soimonova on Malaya Dmitrovka. All work was carried out in close cooperation with the Moscow Department of Cultural Heritage. The monument was restored according to the original drawings in the form it was in the second half of the 19th century. The restorers managed to recreate the internal chambers: the enfilade, the Main Hall, the Lapis Lazuli Hall, the Music and English rooms. The façade of the house also began to sparkle with new colors; it was cleaned and painted. Natural materials were used to decorate the interior: marble, lapis lazuli and even gold.

Unfortunately, while the estate was not being restored, antique-style marble mosaics, historical parquet and some other interior details were lost. The estate was built in the 80s of the 18th century by architect N.A. Lvov. At one time, the Decembrist Mikhail Mitkov lived in the estate; Pushkin and other famous people often came.

In Moscow, porcelain stoneware is often used to restore buildings. This material has very high frost resistance, which makes it ideal for finishing the facades of houses, while it does not lose its appearance over time. If the question arises, if I buy porcelain stoneware, can it be used in the interior. Note that porcelain stoneware is also suitable for interior spaces: stairs, walls, floors. You can use it to decorate individual interior details, which will give it a richer look.

What's new in Russia

Horseback riding to Belukha is one of the most interesting routes. It must be said that Mount Belukha, the highest point in Altai, includes two peaks: Eastern and Western, as well as many mountain ranges. This is the only place in Altai with so many mountain peaks. It is located in the center of the Eurasian continent...

The receipt is an official document. There are specially created rules for registration. It is written according to a certain plan, where not a single point can be missed. Now, special forms for filling out all documents have been developed for each case. This is very convenient: everything is taken into account in advance in ready-made forms.

Manor Teploye(Russia, Moscow region, Klinsky district, Teploye tract)

How to get there? By car from the [M9] Moscow-Riga highway, turn to the village. Novopetrovsky, further north along the ring [A 108] until the turn to Nudol. From Nudol straight along the highway until the turn to Vertkovo. In Vertkovo, the asphalt road surface is replaced by a compacted gravel surface, however, this road is quite passable at any time of the year (I just don’t know if it is cleaned in winter?). You still have to pass Kadnikovo, Vasilievskoye-Soimonovo and the rural cemetery, only hunting grounds are ahead...

I have long been eager to see one of the rarest architectural works of the Lvov architect in the Moscow region, especially after a trip to the Tver land. It seemed to me that I would see the Church of the Sign (1797) in the surroundings of a pristine wild forest, where no human had set foot for a long time. My assumptions were not entirely justified... However, the impressions from Tyoply are one of the strongest and most memorable I have seen in the last six months. The ruined building with Palladian features is extremely picturesque and romantic. It seems that everything that surrounds her bears the stamp of desolation...

To get to the temple I had to overcome thickets of nettles and weeds as tall as a man. It was not possible to capture the entire church from the outside; after half an hour of struggling with the weeds, I gave up... and decided to inspect the building from the inside. The internal space is harmoniously built, everything here, like the outside, is subject to an order system. The tetrahedron lying in the plan of the structure is dissected into regular squares and rectangles by partitions with three-part arched openings with columns on the sides.
1. The internal space is harmoniously built, everything here, like the outside, is subject to an order system. The tetrahedron lying in the plan of the structure is dissected into regular squares and rectangles by partitions with three-part arched openings with columns on the sides.
Wherever you look, you can see the impeccable geometric arches of thermal windows...
The paintings and gilded capitals of the columns have not been preserved; the only decorative elements that can be seen are cornices and thinly patterned rods...

“Nothing is known about any images of the estate complex. However. V.Ya. Libson briefly reports about an “old watercolor” in which the main house is visible, but with the caveat that it is impossible to judge its location on the ground. Thus, only the date of construction of the Znamenskaya Church – 1797, the existence of the manor house by 1800 and the names of the owners of the estate remain documented. The village of Teploye changed owners many times, and in 1769 it was sold to Praskovya Alekseevna Soimonova, the widow of Alexander Ivanovich Soimonav. Construction was carried out by their son Nikolai Alexandrovich, and then by their grandson, Alexander Nikolaevich.

2. Lvov was related to the Soimonovs. It is known that, having arrived from the Tver province to St. Petersburg, he immediately settled with his cousins, the Soimonov brothers - Mikhail and Yuri - the children of Fyodor Ivanovich Soimonov, the first Russian hydrographer. There is a Lviv project for a country house, dating back to the first half of the 1780s, the customer of which was Pyotr Aleksandrovich Soimonov, Secretary of State of Catherine II. A single social circle and age range allow us to suggest that A.I. was the father of Pyotr Alexandrovich. Soimonov, whose widowed wife decided to leave the northern capital and settled in the Moscow region,” wrote P.L. Rozhin in the article “The fate of Lvov near Moscow.” The mystery of the manor house in the Teploye estate has been exciting my imagination for many years. After a long search I managed to find this project and I am publishing it. The complete “Section” and “Facade” are not the work of N.A. Lvov, and made by me in FS for greater clarity.

Further, researcher P.L. Rozhin continues: “The plan of the house is very similar to the Church of the Sign, however, it is certainly too early to say that it was he who crowned the estate ensemble. There is no answer to the key question about the date of construction of the manor's house. It is known that it existed by 1800, but on March 15, 1807, the peasant Nikanor Vasiliev reported to A.N. Soimonov about the manufacture of furniture for the interior.
3. It is not clear from the source what they were talking about: changing the furniture to the taste of the owner who had entered into hereditary rights or about protracted finishing work.”

The architectural ensemble and park were lost in the first year of the Great Patriotic War. The destroyed temple is the only surviving building from the once rich estate. But even she, standing away from human habitation, is doomed to slow destruction and death.

Captions for images in the text:

You can't save, you can't lose...

The Znamenskaya Church, built in 1797 in the Soymonov Teploye estate, presumably according to the design of the architect N.A. Lviv, is on the verge of collapse. Meanwhile, a rare example of Palladianism in the Moscow region is listed in the register of monuments of federal significance on the basis of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 176 of February 20, 1995 (clause 2, including Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 624 of December 4, 1974)
During the post-war years of inactivity, starting with its closure in 1937, the religious building steadily deteriorated and collapsed.
The Teploye estate itself was never a busy or densely populated place; during its founding, it consisted of 21 households and 338 souls of both sexes; under the Dolgorukovs, by the beginning. In the 20th century, there were only 11 households left, but a zemstvo school and the Lesodolgorukovskaya railway line appeared. Extremely meager and scarce documentary evidence does not allow us to trace the further history of this place (the owners' archive was lost shortly after the revolution). What is known is that the village and all the components of the ensemble with the manor house and the adjacent park were destroyed during the bombing of 1941.
The temple in the devastated Teploye, which gradually disappeared from geographical maps and turned into a “tract”, frightening off-road and lost in the wilderness, turned out to be unclaimed by either secular or spiritual authorities, only black diggers became regulars of the forgotten Moscow region, leaving, instead of the ancient necropolis, huge gaping ledges in front of the altar ledge. funnels.
Warm captivates and attracts, so I have been here several times, in 2006 and 2007.
and before it did not pose any serious dangers. Today, crossing the threshold of a church is life-threatening. Once inside, you hear a constant rustling sound, as if it were raining, but it is a rain of crumbling particles of mortar and weathered brick. Every now and then, vague tapping sounds are heard - as if someone was throwing small stones against the walls as a joke...
There is no hope for revival, this is the beginning of the end - the load-bearing structures have degraded (the general condition of the structure is depressing: most of the vaults have collapsed, the northern portico has become warped, etc.). Looking at the tormented temple, I was overcome by a feeling of the inevitability of something catastrophic, fatal, fatal.

It will be an unspeakable pity to see again the familiar silhouette without the low domed rotunda - the undoubted decoration of this unique monument... It’s a pity, it’s a pity, but we didn’t do anything to save it...

Natalya Bondareva, architect

Yudin V.S. Warm

In the 18th century, the owners of the Teploye estate were Ivan Matveevich Shetlov and Ivan Mikhailovich Khaneev (1715-1734). After Khaneev’s death, ownership of the estate passed to his wife, Marfa Petrovna, then to Vasilisa Ivanovna Zinovieva. In 1758, it was inherited again by Khaneeva, and from her it was transferred to the wife of Alexander Ivanovich Soimonov, Praskovya Alexandrovna (1769-1778).
The Soimonovs owned the village of Teploye until the middle of the 19th century. They belonged to a Moscow noble family, the genealogy of which can be traced back approximately to the 15th century. Many served the Russian throne as stewards and governors and were granted estates by the sovereigns, and some were granted noble ranks and orders.
One of the brightest figures of the Soimonovs is Fyodor Ivanovich Soimonov (1692-1780), a Russian statesman and scientific hydrographer.
The Teploye estate was located near the church by the pond and was a single garden and park ensemble. The building of the main house was relatively small, had two floors with a Corinthian order colonnade with harmonious proportions of order elements. All these building features are typical of noble estates of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
The authorship of the estate project is attributed to Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov, an amazingly versatile and gifted man who was not only an architect, but a poet and playwright, researcher and publisher of the so-called “Lvov Chronicle” - one of the chronicle monuments. He lived on his Nikolskoye estate in the Tver province.
N.A. Lvov devoted a lot of time and effort to architecture. He is one of the largest Russian architects of the classicism era. This is proven by the Teploye estate he created and his buildings in Torzhok and Tver.
One of the most interesting buildings of the estate is the Church of the Sign. It was erected instead of the previous one, wooden, in 1797, at the expense of the Soimonovs. The old one was moved in 1804 to the village of Lamishino - Bogorodskoye, Zvenigorod district.
The Church of the Sign is a monument of the highest artistic level. An almost square two-story building, built in the style of mature classicism, encloses in a single equal-height volume the temple itself with a semicircular apse, crowned with a low domed rotunda, chapels and a refectory. The risalit on the western facade serves as the basis for the cylindrical volume of the bell tower. The solemn elation, severity, grandeur, and elegance of this building are characteristic of that time, and at the same time one should not lose sight of the special Italian style of its architecture.
Relatives and friends of its owners have visited the Teploye estate. One of the frequent guests here was the Soimonovs’ nephew, colonel of the Life Guards, participant in the Patriotic War of 1812, Mikhail Fotievich Mitkov (1791-1849). Since 1825, he was one of the leaders of the Moscow Council of the Northern Society. On December 15-16, 1825, in his Moscow apartment, on Malaya Dmitrovka, meetings of the Moscow Decembrists were held, at which the plan for an armed uprising in Moscow and the murder of the emperor were discussed. M.F. Mitkov was sentenced to 20 years of hard labor.
At the beginning of the 20th century, a unique collection of materials from the life and work of the Soimonovs was collected in the Teploye estate.
During the years of the revolution, the estate came into the possession of the Spas-Nudolsk volost executive committee. Property, agricultural implements, and livestock that belonged to its owners were sold at auction to local peasants.
In 1937, the Church of the Sign was closed, but was preserved by local residents in good condition. During the Great Patriotic War, the estate was destroyed by the occupiers, the house and other buildings of the estate were looted and burned.
Currently, the Church of the Sign is registered with the state as an architectural monument of the 18th century.

The ensemble of the classical estate on Malaya Dmitrovka took shape during the second half of the 18th – 19th centuries. The main manor house is located in the depths of the plot; two symmetrically standing wings, connected to the house by arched passages, overlook the red line of the street. With its graceful Doric portico, the house faces a court d'honneur, separated from the street by a fence with a gate. The main house is based on chambers from the mid-18th century, rebuilt into a classic manor house in the 1780s, presumably according to the design of the architect Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov.

In the first half of the 19th century, the estate was owned by landowner Alexander Nikolaevich Soimonov, nephew of the Secretary of State of Empress Catherine II Pyotr Alexandrovich Soimonov. The famous writer, poet and bibliophile Sergei Aleksandrovich Sobolevsky, the illegitimate son of A.N., often visited and lived in the estate at this time. Soymonov (the father “for a significant monetary donation” assigned his son to the Polish noble family of Sobolevsky).

Sobolevsky was known as a collector of rare books, a bibliographer, an expert in many languages, a journalist, and also as an author of caustic epigrams (“the unknown writer of well-known epigrams”). He was a close friend of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who probably also visited the estate on Malaya Dmitrovka. He met Pushkin when he was 15 years old, and this acquaintance quickly grew into a strong friendship. Sobolevsky was Pushkin’s literary adviser, helped the poet publish his works, brought him new books from abroad (including the works of Adam Mickiewicz, banned in Russia); several times he saved Pushkin from duels, acting as a peacemaker. According to many, Sobolevsky was the only one who could have prevented Pushkin’s fatal duel with Dantes, but “unfortunately, Sobolevsky lived in Europe that year.” After Pushkin’s death, he worked for financial assistance for his family, then worked on the publication of Pushkin’s letters and materials for his biography.

Sobolevsky also communicated and was friends with Evgeny Baratynsky, Dmitry Venevitinov, Pyotr Kireevsky, Vladimir Odoevsky and others, as well as with representatives of the younger generation of writers - Nikolai Gogol, Ivan Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy.

In the 1820s, Mikhail Fotievich Mitkov, who was Soimonov’s nephew, also lived in the estate. Hero of the War of 1812, participant in the capture of Paris in 1814, colonel, he later became an active member of the Northern Secret Society; here, in his apartment, some meetings of future Decembrists took place. After the suppression of the uprising on Senate Square, Mitkov was arrested and sentenced by the court to hard labor. He was exiled to Siberia, where, after serving hard labor, he settled in Krasnoyarsk and worked in meteorology until his death in 1849.

In the 1850s, the estate on Dmitrovka passed to a new owner - the wife of guard captain V.D. Ladyzhenskaya. During her reign, the facades of the estate were slightly altered, in particular, the Tuscan portico of the main house was replaced with a Doric one. In the 1870s, under the new owner, provincial secretary A.V. Kanshina, the ceremonial interiors of the main house were partially redesigned and remodeled according to the design of the architect August Weber.

During the Soviet years, the estate was given over to administrative purposes; for many decades the Sverdlovsk district committee of the CPSU was located here.

In the 2000s, a scientific restoration of the estate was carried out. In the main house, the interior decoration of the 19th century was restored and restored - a ceremonial suite of rooms on the first and second floors with stucco decoration of the interiors, painting of walls and ceilings (including “Pompeian” painting of the main staircase), pilasters made of artificial marble, wooden panels, stoves and marble fireplaces, parquet floors.

Currently, the estate houses offices.

Travel by public transport: from Moscow from Rizhsky station to the station. Ustinovka, then by bus through Nudol to the stop.

Vertkovo - 16 km, from there 5 km on foot. Travel by car:

From Klin towards Volokolamsk along the hundred-kilometer ring (A-108) to the village of Nudol. Drive through Nudol until the turn to the village of Vertkovo, through the village to the cowshed, where the asphalt road turns into a dirt road; there is about 4 km more along it. to the village of V.-Soimonovo, drive through the village. About 1 km further into the field there is a church. In dry weather the road is quite passable even for a car with low ground clearance.

Once upon a time, in a place now indicated only on a detailed kilometer map of the Moscow region as “Teploye Urochishche”, there was a large estate, the family nest of the Soimonov nobles. The estate was founded in the 18th century. Petr Aleksandrovich Soimonov. Its main construction took place during the time of N.A. Soimonov, under whom in 1797. Church of the Sign was built.

Znamenskaya Church

The church is in the style of mature classicism, brick, using white stone, plastered. The single-apse, two-height temple, ending with a low domed rotunda, is expanded on the sides by two equal-sized chapels; two more chapels adjoin the refectory. The side aisles of the temple and the bell tower are decorated with high Tuscan porticoes with pediments. The upper cylindrical tiers of the bell tower are placed on the risalit of the western portico; the second tier is especially beautiful and expressive: with columns and high arched openings. The upper small tier is equipped with resonating holes.

Italian motifs are visible throughout the decoration of the temple: arched three-part windows, stucco brackets. Unfortunately, the interiors of the temple are almost completely lost, only in some places one can discern the remains of ancient paintings using the grisaille technique and later paintings. The interior layout of the temple is very beautiful and elegant.

The temple is gradually falling into complete disrepair: the roofs of the side aisles have collapsed, there are also holes in the central part of the roof, the door is somehow boarded up. The Soymonov estate itself perished in 1941, the village was demolished, and the nearest settlement, Vasilyevsky-Soymonov, is about one and a half kilometers away. And there is no talk yet about restoring one of the outstanding monuments of Russian architecture of the 18th century.

born in Shchekino, Tula region in a family of workers. After graduating from high school in 1969, he entered the Moscow Architectural Institute, which he graduated in 1976 with an “excellent” thesis. In 1974, as a 5th year student at the institute, he received 1st place in the All-Union competition “Monument to students, teachers and staff of Moscow State University on the Lenin Mountains who died in battles for their Motherland in 1941 - 1945.” The construction of the Monument was completed by the Anniversary of the Great Patriotic War - May 9, 1975 and was awarded the VDNKh Gold and Silver Medal at the exhibition “Creativity of Youth for the Country”, as well as many publications in architectural magazines. After graduating from the institute, he worked since 1976 at the institutes: “Tsentromashproekt”, “Gipronii of the USSR Academy of Sciences”, “Gipropromtransstroy” as an architect, head of a group of architects. In 1985 he was admitted to the Membership of the Union of Architects of the USSR. In 1987, by way of transfer, he moved to the Spetsproektrestavratsiya Institute in workshop No. 5 to the position of head of a group of architects for the restoration of the Monument of History, Culture and Architecture of World Significance - “Museum-Estate of L.N. Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana, Tula region."

In 1988 he was appointed Chief Architect of restoration projects. In this position, he led the comprehensive design and supervision of the restoration of more than 20 objects (Main House, Kuzminsky House, Volkonsky House, White Kitchen, etc.) at the World-Significant Monument “Museum-Estate of L.N. Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana, Tula region.” Subsequently, he supervised design and restoration work in the Bryansk region (“Church of St. Nicholas in Starodub”, “House of the Clergy in the Vvedenskaya Hermitage”), Kaluga region (“Brotherly Corps” in the Optina Pustyn Monastery, “Perlov’s House” in Shemarda Monastery, “Ershovo Estate” - Main House), Zvenigorodsky District, Moscow Region, as well as in Moscow - “Gubin House” - Moscow, st. Petrovka, “Zamiatin Estate” - Moscow, st. Pyatnitskaya, etc.

In 1995, for the design and management of restoration work on the architectural monument of the late 19th century, the Polyakov Commercial Bank - Bank of Moscow (Moscow, Kuznetsky Most St., 15/8 building 1) was awarded the Diploma of the Moscow Government as a laureate of the competition for the best reconstruction , restoration and construction of buildings in the Historical Center of Moscow.

In 1997, for the design and management of restoration work on the 20th century architectural monument “Dwelling House on Leningradsky Prospekt” - architect. Burov, art. Favorsky (Moscow, Leningradsky Prospekt, 27) was awarded the Diploma of the Moscow Government as the Laureate of the competition for the best reconstruction, restoration and construction of buildings in the Historical Center of Moscow.

In 1998, he led the design, conservation and restoration work on the Monument of Architecture, History and Culture of Federal Significance “City Estate of the 18th-19th Centuries.” (Moscow, Malaya Dmitrovka st., 18 building 1)

By order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation No. 850 of December 17, 1999, in order to improve the conservation and restoration of historical and cultural monuments, he was appointed Federal Architect-Restorer (Coordinator) for the Saratov Region, where in 1999-2000. carried out coordination work at the Monument to the History of Culture and Architecture of Federal Significance “Art Museum named after. Radishchev."

In 2001-2002, he led design work on the architectural monument of the early twentieth century “Mansion of 1907” by architect. Goncharov (Moscow, Bolshaya Polyanka st., 45)

In 2002, for the design and management of restoration work on the 1883 Monument of History, Culture and Architecture “Passage San Galli with Chambers of the late 18th Century” - “House of Artists” (Moscow, Kuznetsky Most St., 11) awarded the Diploma of the Moscow Government as a laureate of the competition for the best reconstruction, restoration and construction of buildings in the Historical Center of Moscow.

In 2011, for the design, scientific research and management of restoration work on the architectural monument “City Estate of the Soymonov-Sobolevskys”, Moscow, Malaya Dmitrovka St., 18, he was awarded a Diploma of Laureate of the competition for the best restoration in Moscow.

In 2011, for the design, scientific research and management of restoration work at the architectural monument “P.M. Trading House”. and V.M. Tretyakov with the premises of the Lyon Credit Bank, Moscow, Kuznetsky Most St., 13, was awarded the Diploma of the laureate of the competition for the best restoration in Moscow.

For many years of creative work, he was awarded the Diploma of the Union of Architects of Russia and commendations from the Moscow Committee for the Protection of Architectural Monuments - “Moskomnaslediya”.