Sights of Bursa: photos and descriptions. Sights of Bursa: photos and description How to get from Istanbul to Bursa

Ulu Jami Mosque, or Great Mosque, was built in Bursa during the reign of Bayezid I Yildirim (Lightning). Having triumphantly defeated the Crusader troops at the Battle of Nicopolis on the Danube, the Sultan subjugated Bosnia, conquered Bulgaria, forced Wallachia to pay tribute and established a protectorate over Byzantium. According to legend, before the battle, Bayazid I vowed to build 20 mosques if he won, but, having won, he decided that one, but with 20 domes, would be enough. Construction of the mosque lasted four years and was completed in 1400.

The mosque is located in the very center of the Old City, near the bazaar. This was the very first Ottoman Empire multi-domed structure, made in a beautiful Arabic style. Until now, Ulu Jami, the creation of the architect Ali Nejar, serves as a model for the construction of mosques throughout the country. There is everything that is expected in Ottoman mosques - a fountain for religious ablutions, a mihrab, a minbar, carpets on the floor and inscriptions from the Koran on the walls.

Ulu Jami was destroyed several times. This happened for the first time during the invasion of Timur. Later, the building was very badly damaged as a result of the earthquake of 1855 and its restoration was carried out by the French architect Leon Parville. It was he who introduced baroque elements unusual for it into early Ottoman architecture, which were reflected in the design of calligraphic inscriptions and decorations on the tops of minarets. Unfortunately, a fire in 1889 again damaged the mosque, but it has now been restored.

The base of the mosque is made in the form of a rectangle with sides of 63 and 50 meters. The mosque building includes 30 support pylons: 18 of them are located within the walls of the mosque and 12 inside the structure. These majestic pillars support the powerful twenty domes of the mosque. The building has three entrances (northern, eastern and western), and in the center of the hall there is an unusual marble fountain with a pool for ritual ablutions. It consists of three huge bowls, located one above the other and is illuminated from a round window in the dome above it. The interior of the mosque is decorated with 192 huge calligraphic inscriptions in Diwani and Kufi styles, listing all 99 names of Allah. The central gate of the mosque is made without the use of nails. They are made of walnut and are considered a masterpiece in woodworking. Thanks to the large skylight dome, there is good illumination inside the building.

The majestic Ulu Cami Mosque, which covers an area of ​​5,000 square meters, remains the most monumental building in Bursa to this day. Thanks to its unusual interior decorations and original examples of wood carving, Ulu Cami is rightfully considered one of the most interesting historical monuments in Turkey.

The large Ulu Cami Mosque was built in Bursa under Bayezid I Yildirim (Lightning). The Sultan subjugated Bosnia after the triumphant victory of the Crusaders in the Battle of the Danube at Nicopolis. He also conquered Bulgaria and forced Wallachia to pay tribute, establishing a protectorate over Byzantium. According to legend, on the eve of the battle, Bayezid I vowed to build 20 mosques in the event of his victory. However, having won, he decided that even one large mosque with 20 domes would be enough. Construction of the monumental structure lasted four years and ended in 1400.

Description

The mosque is located in the very center of the Old City, near the bazaar. This is the first multi-domed structure in the Ottoman Empire, made in the Arabic style. Until now, the Great Mosque of Ulu Jami, designed by the architect Ali Nejar, is a model for the construction of new mosques throughout the country. There is everything that should be in Ottoman mosques - a fountain for religious ablutions, carpets on the floor, a minbar, a mihrab, and inscriptions from the Koran on the walls.

Story

Repeatedly, the construction of the Great Mosque of Ulu Jami was subject to destructive effects. It was first damaged during the invasion of Timur. The building was later severely damaged during an earthquake in 1855. This time, its restoration was carried out by the architect Leon Parville from France. He introduced baroque elements unusual for early Ottoman architecture, which were reflected in the decoration of the minarets and in the design of the inscriptions. After a fire in 1889, the mosque was damaged again. Today it has been restored again.

Design

The base of the mosque is made in the shape of a rectangle. Its sides are 63 by 50 meters. The mosque building has 30 support pylons, most of of which are located within the walls of the mosque, and a total of 12 are inside the temple. Twenty powerful domes are supported on majestic pillars.
The structure has eastern, northern and western entrances. The center of the hall is decorated with an unusual marble fountain. There is also a pool for ritual ablutions, which consists of three huge bowls that are located on top of each other. They are illuminated from a round window in the dome. The interior of the Great Mosque of Ulu Jami contains 192 huge calligraphic inscriptions in the Diwani and Kufi styles. All 99 names of Allah are listed here. No nails were used to create the central gate of the mosque. They are made of walnut - a masterpiece in woodworking. There is excellent lighting inside the building due to the large light dome.
The area of ​​the majestic Ulu Jami Mosque is 5000 square meters. This is the most monumental building in Bursa and the most interesting historical monument in Turkey.

The Turkish city of Bursa is located in the north-west of the country. This is an old, well-kept town, located at the foot of Mount Uludag. Bursa has a unique geographical position, a convenient place for travelers, because the Sea of ​​Marmara is twenty kilometers away, and the capital of Turkey, Istanbul, is two hundred kilometers away.

Bursa belonged to the Byzantine Empire from the 4th to the 14th centuries, and from the 14th century it was captured by the Ottomans. Today Bursa is the fourth largest city in the country. Historically it was famous for its peaches, silk and chestnuts. Bursa contains interesting architectural structures different times. There are many old mosques, tombs, and historical buildings.

A Sunni mosque built in the Seljuk style by order of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I at the end of the 14th century. Ulu-Jami Mosque translated from Turkish means “Great Mosque”. It is located in the heart of the Old City, and is the main mosque where collective Friday prayers are held. A religious building is considered the most large mosque Bursa, it has 2 minarets and 20 domes.

The building is classified as early Ottoman architecture and is one of the first multi-domed structures in Turkey. The Great Mosque is recognized as the standard of style and architecture for the construction of mosques in Turkey. The mosque has a fountain for religious ablutions, a mihrab, a minbar, carpets on the floor and inscriptions from the Koran on the walls. The Great Muslim Temple of Ulu Jami is recognized as the most interesting historical monument Turkey.

The Green Mosque, erected on Turkish soil at the behest of Sultan Mehmed I, is recognized as the pearl of Bursa. The facade of the mosque is decorated with snow-white marble, and the prayer hall is decorated with green tiles. The construction of the mosque took place in the 15th century. The mosque complex includes a tomb and a madrasah.

Location: Yeşil Mahallesi.

Uludag is ski resort, located 30 kilometers from Bursa. The park has trails of varying difficulty, making it ideal place for family holidays.

The ski resort is equipped no worse than European recreation centers. In the winter, Uludag is an excellent ski resort, and in the summer, picnics, hiking and cycling tours are organized here. Ski season lasts 120 days a year, from December to March.

The zoo, located in Bursa, is open to visitors and introduces them to its inhabitants. The enclosures are home to crocodiles, giraffes, lions, zebras, ostriches, leopards, monkeys and other animals. The zoo also has a Turkish village where bears, wolves, birds of prey and waterfowl, a llama, a wild donkey and a camel live.

Here you can watch poultry, pheasants, pigeons and parrots, as well as look at domestic animals - cows, goats and sheep. There are cafes and restaurants in the park, and there is a play area for children.

Location: Soğanlı Mah. Mahallesi - 1.

In the 15th century, Bursa was the most important point Silk Road, and the Koza Khan market was built here. Today the bazaar is open and is the main place for selling quality silk fabrics. The Silk Market is a favorite tourist spot for shopping. Almost every shop treats travelers to the famous Turkish coffee.

In Bursa, on the instructions of the Ottoman Sultan Murad I, a grandiose construction of the imperial complex was carried out in the 14th century. A visit to this complex begins with a walk along a cypress alley with a fountain leading to the entrance of the mosque. The building is luxurious; expensive materials were used in its construction.

The fascinating architecture and unique details of the building are impressive in style and embody a mosque with a palace. A madrasah has been opened at the mosque and there are premises for education. In the courtyard of the complex there are ten small tombs where Sultan Murad I and members of his family are buried.

In the Chekirge area there are healing springs with warm and hot water. Each thermal spring has a unique chemical and gas composition; the water is rich in calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. In total, Bursa has three drinking water and eight thermal springs. Treatment with water occurs through bathing and ingestion. Hamams and sanatoriums were built at each source.

Turkish oasis - Botanical Garden Soanlı, located near Bursa. It was opened and equipped at the end of the 20th century. Thanks to the park with an area of ​​400 thousand square meters, the area has become beautifully greened. There is an alley of roses, trees and shrubs are everywhere, and in their midst there are artificially created reservoirs. The park is a place for both relaxation and active rest. There are bicycle paths, an area for sports games, and a twelve-kilometer running lane.

In Bursa, the mausoleum of Sehzade Mustafa was built in the 16th century. The building has an octagonal shape. On top of the temple there is a small dome covered with lead. The mausoleum is furnished in the Arabic style. Inside the tomb, on a marble podium, lie the tombs where Sehzade Mustafa, his mother and two children are buried.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is a famous Turkish politician, reformer and military leader. When he arrived in Bursa, Atatürk lived in a two-story mansion in the Çekirge district. After his death, the city authorities opened a museum dedicated to the life and work of the great statesman. The interior and furnishings of the mansion remained the same as during the life of the Turkish leader.

When arriving in Bursa, city guests try to visit this museum; it is recognized as the most popular. The museum's collection has been formed since the beginning of the 20th century and contains unique objects that are five thousand years old. The museum is open daily. In the main hall of the archaeological museum are presented: stone and bronze axes, clay objects, figurines, vessels of various techniques, jewelry, and other objects.

Location: Gaziakdemir Mh, Çekirge Cd. — 4/11.

A mosque built in the Ottoman style in the 14th century. The mausoleum of the Sultan Emir is located here. The Muslim temple and mausoleum are one of the popular places of pilgrimage for Turkish Muslims. The complex is surrounded by exquisite fountains.