What is the statue of freedom. History and amazing facts about the statue of freedom in New York. From the Urals to Paris
Today offers an observation deck in the crown of the Statue of Liberty in New York.
Statue of Liberty (Statue of Liberty), the full name "Freedom, Illicing World" (Liberty Enlightening the World) is one of the most famous sculptures In the United States and in the world, often referred to as the symbol of New York and the United States, the "symbol of freedom and democracy", "Lady Freedom".
Statue of Liberty is located on the island of freedom (Liberty Island), about 3 km on the southwest of the southern tip of Manhattan, one of the regions of New York. Until 1956, the island was called "Bedloe's Island" (Bedloe 's Island).
Statue of Freedom - the Darphranzuz people to the United States in honor of the century of the US independence anniversary and in friendship between the two states.
The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating this symbol originated from the French scientist, lawyer and supporter of the abolition of Slavery Eduard de Labule in the late 1860s. He proceeded from the fact that America and France bind the old friendly bonds. France provided moral and material support to the struggle of Americans for independence - French General Lafayette even became the national hero of the United States. The statue was conceived as a gift for the Central Anniversary of Independence Declaration in 1876. The French wanted to express their admiration for the Great Republic on the other side of the Atlantic. Create a statue, was instructed by the French sculptor Frederick Bartholdi. His statue of freedom was inspired by the famous picture of the artist Delacroix "Freedom, leading people on barricades." The internal support of the tower was performed by Gustave Eifel - the future creator Eiffel Tower.
Work on the statue was completed in France in July 1884. Status was built from subtle sheets of copper, minted in wooden forms. Formed sheets later were installed on a steel frame.
In June 1885, the statue was delivered to the New York Harbor on board the French frigate "Izer". "Lady Freedom" was transported from France in the USA in a disassembled form - it was divided into 350 parts packed in 214 boxes. The assembly of the statue on the pedestal took four months.
On September 11, 2001, due to terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, the statue of freedom and island were closed to visit.
The inner part of the statue remained closed to the public, but through the glass separator you can see the iron frame created by Gustave Eiffel.
In May 2009, it was announced that from July 4, 2009, the observation deck in the crown of the Freedom Statue would be reopened to visit tourists.
At the very beginning, the statue was not green, it was discounted due to atmospheric conditions, the major of which are acidic rains.
The torch that we see today is not a historic torch of 1886. It was replaced during the reconstruction of 1984-186, since his recovery was considered inappropriate. The initial torch was quite modified in 1916. Today, this torch is exposed to the museum located inside the pedestal of the Statue of Freedom.
In 1883, American poetess Emma Lazarus wrote a sonnet "New Colossus" dedicated to the Statue of Freedom. 20 years later, in 1903, it was engraved on the bronze plate and is attached to the outside of the pedestal. The last rows of the sonnet in Russian translation are sounded like this: "... Give me a tired of your people, all thirsting to breathe freely, abandoned in the need, from the close banks of the banks, poor and orphans, so shlute them, homeless and exhausted, to me. I raise My torch at the Golden Gate! "
With the image of the Statue of Freedom, the following coins were minted: November 11, 1922 - a coin in dignity of 15 cents; June 24, 1954 - a coin of 3 cents; April 9, 1954 - a coin of 8 cents and June 11, 1961 - a coin of 11 cents.
On the New York coin the dignity of 25 cents, minted in 2001, depicted a statue of freedom with the words "Gate to Freedom" ("Gateway to Freedom").
15.05.2009
The statue of "Freedom, Illicing Peace", is widely known as "Lady Freedom" or "Statue of Liberty", was built by French Auguste Bartholdi French Frederick (Frederick Auguste Bartholdi) and was presented by French citizens to the Americans. She is a symbol of friendship, freedom and peace.
Short story Statues of freedom
The statue of freedom, rising into the sky at 46 meters, is perhaps the most popular monument in the world. In 1924, she was declared a national monument. The Statue of Liberty is located on the island of freedom (until 1956 is the island island - Bedloe "s island), where it was solemnly opened on October 28, 1886 by American President Cleveland (Grover Cleveland).
Freedom Island is located at the top of the New York Gulf, at the mouth of the Hudson River. Its area is about 10 acres.
Built by French Frederick Auguste Bartholdi, the "Freedom, Illicing World" statue was presented by the French by the French in honor of the 100th anniversary of America's independence and in friendship between these countries.
Work on the statue began in France in 1875 and was completed in 1884. Before sending a statue to New York in 1885, it was necessary to dismantle.
Facts about the statue of freedom
The present name statue of the Statue of Freedom - "Freedom, Illicing Peace".
In addition to this name, the gentle nickname "Lady Freedom" was entrenched.
The height of the statue reaches 46 meters.
The statue was built from copper sheets installed on a metal frame.
For the creation of "Freedom, the Illuminating World", 300 attached to each other of the sheets of copper was used, and she weighed 225 tons.
At the very beginning, the statue was not green, it was discounted due to atmospheric conditions, the major of which are acidic rains.
The statue is a vertically standing woman in flowing clothes, on her head I was hoping a crown with a seven teeth.
It is believed that the crown with seven teeth symbolizes seven continents or seven seas.
In his right hand, high above the head, Lady Freedom holds a torch, and in his left hand - presses the tablet to the body.
The inscription on the plate reads: "JULY IV MDCCLXXVI", which means "July 4, 1776" - the date of signing the Independence Treaty of the United States of America.
The exact height of the statue is 151 ft and one inch, but for convenience they usually write "151 ft" or "152 feet", which approximately corresponds to 46 meters.
Pedestal statues (pedestal and base in the form of a star with 11 rays) is equal to 154 feet (about 47 meters).
In 1984, the Statue has undergone a complete reconstruction process, and then by July 4, 1986 was again installed at the same place.
During the reconstruction, 1350 strongly rusted iron slats were replaced on stainless steel planks.
The torch that we see today is not a historic torch of 1886. It was replaced during the reconstruction of 1984-86, since its recovery was considered inappropriate. The initial torch was quite modified in 1916. Today, this torch is exposed to the museum located inside the pedestal of the Statue of Freedom.
On a memorial playboard, which is located in the Museum of the Statue, lines from the sonnet of American poets Emma Lazarus (Emma Lazarus) "New Colossus" ("The New Colossus") are written:
"Keep the ancient countries, your legendary pomp,
And I give your tired, your poor ...
And I give from the depths of the bottomless
Her rogue, people scored his
Send me outkeys, homeless
I am a candle at the Golden Door ... "
The island of freedom is located closer to New Jersey than to New York (but he is part of New York).
The island of freedom has a very colorful past, its owners were both the British, and the French, and Americans. Today the island belongs to the Federal Government, it is managed by the National Park Service (National Park Service).
The massive steel frame of the statue of freedom was designed by Gustave Eiffel.
Gustav Eifel is the same architect who designed the world-famous Paris Eiffel Tower (La Tour Eiffel).
The base of the pedestal is made in the form of a star with 11 rays.
With the image of the Statue of Freedom, the following coins were minted: November 11, 1922 - a coin in dignity of 15 cents; June 24, 1954 - a coin of 3 cents; April 9, 1954 - a coin of 8 cents and June 11, 1961 - a coin of 11 cents.
On the New York coin the dignity of 25 cents, mined in
2001, depicted a statue of freedom with the words "Gate to Freedom" ("Gateway to Freedom").
Until 1956, the Freedom Island was called Bedloe (Bedloe "s).
The pedestal for Lady Freedom was designed by Richard Morris Hunt.
On the second floor of the pedestal of the statue in 1972, the American Immigration Museum was founded.
In order to get to the top of the statue, you need to rise 354 steps of the screw staircase (closed to the general public).
The crown of the statue can be climbed onto the elevator (closed for the general public).
Since September 11, 2001, access to the island of freedom for the public was closed, but in December of the same year it was opened again.
Visitors have access to only a museum and a 10-storey pedestal.
At this time, the inner part of the statue remains closed to the public, but through a glass separator you can see a wonderful iron frame created by Gustav Eiffel.
Findly also ...
The most recognizable symbol of New York and the United States is the monumental statue of liberty. The full name of the sculpture is "Freedom, Illicing World" (English - Liberty Enlighting The World).
The statue towers in the New York Bay, on the island of freedom, located 3 km from southern Shore Always lively Manhattan. In honor of the statue former island The poor people began to call back at the beginning of the XIX century, officially renamed him in 1956.
The sculptural image of the goddess of freedom is deeply symbolic. The inscription on the talked, which is holding freedom in the left hand: "July IV MDCCLXXVI" - "July 4, 1776" - the official date of adoption of the US independence declaration. One leg of the goddess is on broken shakes. The crown of freedom has seven rays - this amount echoes the number of continents and seas (seven - according to the western geographical tradition).
Copies of the Statue of Freedom Bartholdi now can be detected in different countries World. The most famous of them are in Paris, Tokyo and Las Vegas.
Weight and height of statues of freedom in the USA
According to various sources, the weight of copper in the statue is from 27.22 to 31 tons, the weight of the steel structure is 113.4-125 tons. The total weight of the freedom statue exceeds 200 tons.
The height of the Statue of Freedom in New York is 93 meters, it includes a concrete-steel pedestal and a 46-meter female figure with a torch in his right hand and a screen - in the left.
Inside the pedestal there is an elevator. To climb the crown of freedom from her legs, it is necessary to overcome 377 steps.
Contrary to popular belief, at its height, the statue of freedom in the United States is not among the top ten of the highest monuments of the world. However, taking into account the pedestal it takes 6-8 place in the list of the largest monuments (depending on the classification), is the highest statue in the United States.
History of the Statue of Freedom
France is a country that gave the statue of US Freedom to the Century Anniversary of the American Revolution.
Copper neoclassical sculpture was created by the project Frederick Auguste Bartholdi. The supporting structure was carefully thought out by Gustava Eiffel and his assistant engineer Maurice Kehlin. According to the agreement, the monument was erected by the American side by the project R. M. Khanta.
The place for installing the monument in New York Harbor was approved by Congress in 1877, taking into account the wishes of the sculptor Bartholdi, who had chosen the island, which was sailed by all vessels arriving in New York.
For a number of reasons, the statue was set later than the anniversary date. Financing problems were relevant for both countries. To attract investors, first of all, the right hand with a torch was completed: they were exhibited in 1876 at the World Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876, and then exposed in New York Madison Square.
The French part of the monument is the figure of Freedom - was completed in 1884. Frigate "Izer" delivered a statue in New York on June 17, 1885. The 350 components of the future design were packaged in 214 boxes. The assembly went about 4 months.
The opening of the Statue of Freedom October 28 was accompanied by a solemn parade on New York's streets. In the ceremony on the island, high-ranking politicians under the chairmanship of US President Stephen Grovers Cleveland took part. The first stone of the pedestal builders laid down on August 5, 1885. To strengthen the design, steel jumpers and anchor beams (by type of the Eiffel Tower) for mounting the statue were built into the stone masonry.
Characteristic of copper green plaque covers a statue from about 1900, natural oxidation protects the metal from atmospheric influences.
Since 1933, the statue is under the management of the US National Parks (NPS).
During the Second World War, the symbol has remained open for tourists, but not highlighted at night. On the day of successfully conducted by the Norman operation on June 6, 1944, the Lighthouse statues were transferred to the news of the victory (the letter V on the alphabet of Morse).
In 1946, the inner part of the statue was covered within the reach of visitors to special plastic, from which you can easily wash off the label.
The initial torch of the Statue of Freedom is now in the museum inside the pedestal. As it is known, he was very damaged in the explosion on the Peninsula of Blake Tom in 1916, in the future modernized, but still demanded restoration, because water began to penetrate inside the monument. As part of a large-scale restoration of 1984, the torch was replaced by its accurate historical copy: it reflects the sun's rays during the daytime and highlights the spotlights at night.
The UNESCO World Heritage List The American Statue of Liberty is included in 1984 - as a "masterpiece of the human spirit, a powerful symbol of peace, human rights, abolition of slavery, world democracy and opportunities."
In a renovated form, the statue became available for visitors in 1886. Repeated temporary closure occurred shortly after September 11th until the end of 2001, but the pedestal became accessible only in August 2004. Later, the monument was closed twice for visitors: for the period of installing new elevators (for the year from October 2011), in connection with the suspension of the government (October 1-13, 2013).
How to get
Login B. national Park Freedom Islands are free, but access to it is possible only on the ferry, for a trip to which you need to pay a fixed amount. The route also covers the island of Ellis, where the immigration museum is now. For private ships, the islands are closed.
In the direction of daily (except December 25), special cruise ferries (Statue Cruises Ferries) (Statue Cruises Ferries) (Statue Cruise Ferries) (Statue Cruises Ferries) (Statue Cruises), from the Manhattan Batter Park and from Liberty State Park in Jersey City (New Jersey). The first ferry to the island is serving at 9:30, the last - at 15:30.
Video "Statue of Liberty"
October 28, 1886 Under the cannon shots, the roar of sirens and the incessant fireworks were opened the most famous monument of the United States of America - the legendary statue of freedom. From this day, each ship entering the port of New York meets a stone sculpture of a woman with a falar of freedom in hand stretched to the sky.
History of the Statue of Freedom
Oddly enough, the main symbol of freedom of the United States is the brainchild of French masters. It was in Paris that the statue was born. Then they were disassembled into parts and crossed through. Here it was collected again and installed on a powerful base, which the Americans themselves have already built Bedloe's Island (Bedloe's Island), now the Liberty Island Island. The island of freedom, which is located the statue, is the federal property in the state of New York. The island is located closer to New Jersey, because of which some mistakenly attribute it to the state of New Jersey.
The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a statue of freedom appeared in 1865 at Academician Eduard de Labulaia. The author of the very Statue of Freedom is the sculptor from Alsace, Frederick-Oposte Bartholdi, while still a young and nobody master. A few years before, Batoldy conceived the construction of a huge lighthouse at the Suez Channel. According to his plans, this lighthouse should be in the form of a female figure. In the hands of the sculpture was supposed to keep a torch, the light from which should be covered by the road to sailors. But at one time, I rejected with a lighthouse at the Suez Channel. That is why the young sculptor responded with great enthusiasm on the idea of \u200b\u200bEduard de Labulaia.
When creating sculpture, Bartholdi has repeatedly applied to the picture of Delacroix "Freedom, the leading people on the barricades." It is the image of freedom from this canvas that became the main prototype for the Statue of Freedom. According to one of the versions, Bartolddi was even an American simulator: Beautiful, recently widowed Isabella Boyer, wife Isaac Singer, entrepreneur in the field of sewing machines. "... being a beautiful, French widow of the American entrepreneur, it turned out to be a suitable model for the Statue of Bartholdi Freedom." (Ruth Brandon, Zinger and Sewing Machine: Capitalistic Romance).
To create a statue, an engineer Gustava Eiffel was invited (Gustave Eiffel), which will later become famous as the author famous. Eiffel has developed a brilliant metal frame structure that the central support pole supported. An external one was strengthened on this mobile frame, that is, a visible shell of a statue of copper with a thickness of 2.4 millimeters. Bartholdi began with the construction of a small figure, only 1.2 meters of magnitude, and then made three others, gradually making them more and more. They were adjusted and completed until the optimal option was achieved.
By mutual agreement, America was supposed to build a pedestal, but to create a statue and establish it in the United States. To avoid financial difficulties, special funds were organized, which were engaged in finding funds. In France, the funds were collected by arranging entertainment activities and lotteries. In organized theatrical performances, art exhibitions, auctions and boxing battles. However, the accumulation of funds for the pedestal took place slowly, and Joseph Pulzer (known as the founder of the Puliser award) in his newspaper "WORLD" appealed to support the fundraising to the project fund. It had an action and contributed to the increase in donations from the Americans.
The statue was completed in France in July 1884, and in the New York Harbor was delivered on June 17, 1885 aboard the French frigate "Izer". For transportation, the statue was dismantled by 350 parts and packed in 214 boxes. The statue was collected on her new foundation for four months. The solemn discovery of the Statue of Freedom, which was made by US President Grover Cleveland, took place on October 28, 1886 in the presence of thousands of spectators.
In 1984, the Statue of Liberty was included in the World Heritage List. In 1986, in front of the century anniversary, the monument was temporarily closed to a thorough restoration and reopened for visitors on July 5, 1986.
Features of the statue of freedom
Today, the statue of freedom is one of the national symbols of the United States. Rising at the mouth of the Goodzon at the entrance to the New York Harbor, a woman in elegant, falling clothes, carrying a torch, personifies the freedom and the wide possibilities of the country. On her head, she has a crown with a seven teeth, denoting seven seas and seven continents. At the feet of the woman - torn trunks of tyranny. In his left hand, a woman she holds a slab with the date of the American Declaration of Independence - July 4, 1776.
The statue was made of thin sheets of copper, minted in wooden forms. Formed sheets later were installed on a steel frame.
The height of the statue (by the way, it was originally called more pathetic - "Freedom, carrying the world") - 46 meters, thus, if you take a 47-meter pedestal, the top of the torch is at an altitude of 93 meters above the ground. Monument weight - 205 tons. The length of the right hand, in which the torch, is 12.8 meters, and the only index finger has a length of 2.4 meters, the mouth width is 91 centimeter.
A spiral staircase inside the statue leads tourists to the top. Usually the statue is open to visitors who, as a rule, arrive on the ferry. From the crown to which you can climb the stairs, there is an extensive view of the New York harbor.
In 1972, the Museum of America's settlement was opened within the statue itself, in which you can get on a special elevator. The whole history of the country is presented here: from the ancestors - Indians who inhabited the unknown continent, and up to the mass relocation in the present century.
Opinions about the statue of freedom are completely contradictory. Nothing like this sculpture in America has not seen. The connoisseurs celebrated high performance techniques, clarity of proportions and grace of lines. But the opponents of those who recognized the monument of freedom to the eighth miracle of the world, noted that the symbol of freedom in the image of the statue is interpreted too cold and impassively. The epithet appeared not by chance that the freedom of "blind", and the greatness was transmitted only by large sizes.
However, evil languages \u200b\u200bare not a hindrance. Worldwide, the statue is considered a symbol of the United States, personifying the democratic principles that this country is so proud.
Liberty Statue is located in the USA in the city of New York and is a symbol of the country. Few people know that the full name of the Statue of Liberty is "Freedom, Illicing Peace." People are more accustomed to call her just "Statue of Liberty" or "Lady Liberty." This legendary statue is a gift of France in honor of the century of the American revolution, it is located on the island of freedom, a few kilometers south-west of Manhattan, in New York. The island of Bedlow was officially renamed to the island of freedom thanks to the Lady with a torch in 1956, although the Americans began to call it back at the beginning of the 20th century.
The height of the statue of freedom in the USA It is 93 meters along with 47 meter pedestals. Lady Freedom is standing on the wreckage of chains. In his left hand, she holds a screen, on which the Date - the day of signing the Declaration of Independence Declaration of America is engraved - on July 4, 1776, and in the right there is a torch that symbolizes the light illuminating the path to freedom. To climb the crown, visitors need to go through 356 steps, where their eyes are the wonderful Panorama of New York, which they can admire right with the main observation decklocated in the crown. Here are 25 windows that are considered symbols. precious stonesAnd 7 rays The crown symbolize the seas and continents in accordance with the traditions of Western geography. Inside the statue of Freedom is a museum dedicated to the history of the statue creation. You can get into it, climbing the elevator.
The history of the creation of a statue of freedom in the United States.
The author of the draft Statue of Freedom is the French sculptor and architect Frederick Bartholdi. The French engineer Alexander Gustav Eiffel, the creator of the Eiffel Tower, took part in creating a frame and strengthening structures. However, over the construction of the whole monument worked as the French and the Americans. For example, a pedestal in the form of a star was developed by the American architect Richard Morris Khant.
Parts of the body of the future statue were cast in France, and the pedestal was created in the United States. Within 4 months, the statue was going together. Bartholdi was somewhat mistaken in their calculations: as it turned out, the materials allocated to build the statue were categorically lacked, so all sorts of concerts, lotteries and charitable evenings were organized, the purpose of which was the collection of funds for the purchase of materials. Americans extremely reluctantly parted with their money, so the American journalist Joseph Pulitzer in his newspaper " The World"Posted by several articles, calling up the highest and secondary classes of society to take part in the construction of the Symbol of the Independence of the United States. His words contained such an acute criticism that it had an action, and funds began to flow from all over the country. By joint efforts by the end of the summer of 1885, the whole amount was finally collected. By the time the French just finished their half of the work, and the finished parts of the statue were delivered to America on the frigate "Izers" in July 1885. The valuable cargo occupied more than 200 boxes and was 350 parts of the body of Lady of Freedom.
Solemn opening of the statue It took on October 28, 1886 with the participation of US President - Grovers Cleveland. An interesting fact is that only men attended the opening ceremony, and this is despite the fact that the statue was a symbol of democracy. As an exclusion, only a few women were admitted to the island, among whom was Bartholdi's wife.
Since 1924. statue of freedom in the USA refers to the number of national monuments, and the island itself gained the title National Park USA. In 1984, the statue of freedom and the whole island was declared representatives of the UN monument of world importance.
Currently, the monument is illuminated with laser illumination, the statue has repeatedly restored, acquiring new elements, but in general the initial appearance is preserved.
To get to the Lady of Freedom every year more than 5 million tourists go to a short trip on the ferry. The entrance to the monument is free, but for the ferry will have to pay. For many years the Statue of Liberty In the United States remains a symbol of the independence of the country and business card New York.