Cheops pyramid inside diagram. Scientists have discovered a secret room inside the Cheops pyramid. How the Cheops Pyramid was built

During the construction of the most grandiose monument of antiquity, the Pyramid of Cheops, more than one year was spent and a huge number of slaves were involved, many of whom died at the construction site. This was the opinion of the ancient Greeks, among them Herodotus, one of the first historians who described this grandiose structure in detail.

But modern scientists do not agree with this opinion and argue: many free Egyptians wanted to work on construction sites - when agricultural work ended, it was an excellent opportunity to earn extra money (here they provided food, clothing and housing).

For any Egyptian, participating in the construction of a tomb for their ruler was a duty and a matter of honor, since each of them hoped that he would also be touched by a piece of pharaonic immortality: it was believed that the Egyptian ruler had the right not only to life after death, but could also take with him their loved ones (usually they were buried in tombs adjacent to the pyramid).

Ordinary people, however, were not destined to go to the afterlife - the exception was slaves and servants, who were buried with the ruler. But everyone had the right to hope - and therefore, when housework was finished, for many years the Egyptians rushed to Cairo, to the rocky plateau.

The Pyramid of Cheops (or as it was also called, Khufu) is located near Cairo, on the Giza plateau, on the left side of the Nile, and is the largest tomb located there. This tomb is the most high pyramid of our planet, was built over many years, has a non-standard layout. A rather interesting fact is that during the autopsy, the ruler’s body was not found in it.

For many years now, it has been exciting the minds of researchers and admirers of Egyptian culture, who ask themselves the question: were ancient people able to build such a structure and is the pyramid not the work of representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations who erected it for only one clear purpose?

The fact that this tomb of stunning size almost immediately entered the list of the ancient seven wonders of the world does not surprise anyone: the size of the Cheops pyramid is amazing, and this, despite the fact that over the past millennia it has become smaller, and scientists cannot determine the exact proportions of the Cheops pyramid condition, since its edges and surfaces were dismantled for their needs by more than one generation of Egyptians:

• The height of the pyramid is about 138 m (interestingly, in the year it was built, it was eleven meters higher);
• The foundation has a square shape, the length of each side is about 230 meters;
• The foundation area is about 5.4 hectares (thus, the five largest cathedrals of our planet will fit on it);
• The length of the foundation along the perimeter is 922 m.

Construction of the pyramid

If earlier scientists believed that the construction of the Cheops pyramid took the Egyptians about twenty years, in our time, Egyptologists, having studied the records of the priests in more detail, and, taking into account the parameters of the pyramid, as well as the fact that Cheops ruled for about fifty years, refuted this fact and came to I conclude that it took at least thirty, and maybe even forty, years to build it.

Despite the fact that the exact date of construction of this grandiose tomb is unknown, it is believed that it was built by order of Pharaoh Cheops, who allegedly reigned from 2589 to 2566 BC. e., and his nephew and vizier Hemion was responsible for the construction work, using the latest technologies of his time, the solution of which many scientific minds have been struggling for many centuries. He approached the matter with all care and meticulousness.

Preparation for construction

More than 4 thousand workers were involved in the preliminary work, which took about ten years. It was necessary to find a place for construction, the soil of which would be strong enough to support a structure of this scale - so the decision was made to stop on a rocky site near Cairo.

To level the site, the Egyptians, using stones and sand, built a waterproof square shaft. They cut out channels intersecting at right angles in the shaft, and the construction site began to resemble a large chessboard.

After that, water was released into the trenches, with the help of which the builders determined the height of the water level and made the necessary notches on the side walls of the channels, after which the water was released. The workers cut down all the stones that were above the water level, after which the trenches were filled with stones, thus creating the foundation of the tomb.

Works with stone

The building material for the tomb was obtained from a quarry located on the other side of the Nile. To obtain a block of the required size, the stone was cut down from the rock and hewn to the required size - from 0.8 to 1.5 m. Although on average one stone block weighed about 2.5 tons, the Egyptians also made heavier specimens, for example, the heaviest the block that was installed above the entrance to the “Pharaoh’s Room” weighed 35 tons.

Using thick ropes and levers, the builders secured the block on wooden runners and dragged it along a deck of logs to the Nile, loaded it onto a boat and transported it across the river. And then they again dragged it along the logs to the construction site, after which the most difficult stage began: the huge block had to be pulled to the very top platform of the tomb. How exactly they did this and what technologies they used is one of the mysteries of the Cheops pyramid.

One of the versions proposed by scientists implies the following option. Along a 20 m wide brick rise located at an angle, the block lying on skids was pulled upward with the help of ropes and levers, where it was placed in a clearly designated place. The higher the Cheops pyramid became, the longer and steeper the climb became, and the upper platform became smaller - so it became more and more difficult and dangerous to lift the boulders.

The workers had the hardest time when it was necessary to install the “pyramidon” - the topmost block 9 meters high (not preserved to this day). Since the huge boulder had to be lifted almost vertically, the work turned out to be deadly, and many people died at this stage of the work. As a result, the Cheops pyramid, after construction was completed, had more than 200 steps leading up and looked like a huge stepped mountain.

In total, it took the ancient Egyptians at least twenty years to build the body of the pyramid. The work on the “box” was not finished yet - they still had to lay them with stones and make sure that the outer parts of the blocks became more or less smooth. And at the final stage, the Egyptians completely lined the pyramid from the outside with slabs of white limestone polished to a shine - and it sparkled in the sun like a huge shiny crystal.

The slabs have not survived to this day on the pyramid: the inhabitants of Cairo, after the Arabs plundered their capital (1168), used them in the construction of new houses and temples (some of them can be seen on mosques today).

Drawings on the pyramid

Interesting fact: the outer side of the pyramid body is covered with curvilinear grooves of different sizes. If you look at them from a certain angle, you can see the image of a man 150 m high (possibly a portrait of one of the ancient gods). This drawing is not alone: ​​on the northern wall of the tomb one can also distinguish a man and a woman with their heads bowed to each other.

Scientists claim that these Egyptians made the grooves several years before they finished building the pyramid body and installed the top stone. True, the question remains open: why did they do this, because the slabs with which the pyramid was subsequently decorated hid these portraits.

What the Great Pyramid looked like from the inside

A detailed study of the Cheops Pyramid showed that, contrary to popular belief, there are practically no inscriptions or any other decorations inside the tomb, except for a small portrait in the corridor leading to the Queen's Room.

The entrance to the tomb is located on the north side at a height exceeding fifteen meters. After burial, it was closed with a granite plug, so tourists get inside through a gap located about ten meters below - it was cut down by the Caliph of Baghdad Abdullah al-Mamun (820 AD) - the man who first entered the tomb with the aim of robbing it. The attempt failed because he found nothing here except a thick layer of dust.

The Cheops Pyramid is the only pyramid where there are corridors leading both down and up. The main corridor first goes down, then branches into two tunnels - one leads down to the unfinished funeral chamber, the second leads up, first to the Great Gallery, from which you can get to the Queen's Room and the main tomb.

From the central entrance, through a tunnel leading down (its length is 105 meters), you can get into a burial pit located below ground level, the height of which is 14 m, width - 8.1 m, height - 3.5 m. Inside the room, near Egyptologists discovered a well on the southern wall, the depth of which is about three meters (a narrow tunnel stretches from it to the south, leading to a dead end).

Researchers believe that this particular room was originally intended for the crypt of Cheops, but then the pharaoh changed his mind and decided to build a tomb higher for himself, so this room remained unfinished.

You can also get to the unfinished funeral room from the Great Gallery - at its very entrance a narrow, almost vertical shaft 60 meters high begins. Interestingly, in the middle of this tunnel there is a small grotto (most likely of natural origin, since it is located at the point of contact between the stonework of the pyramid and a small hump of limestone), which could accommodate several people.

According to one hypothesis, the architects took this grotto into account when designing the pyramid and initially intended it to evacuate builders or priests who were completing the “sealing” ceremony of the central passage leading to the tomb of the pharaoh.

The Pyramid of Cheops has another mysterious room with an unclear purpose - the “Queen's Chamber” (like the lowest room, this room is not completed, as evidenced by the floor on which they began to lay tiles, but did not complete the work).

This room can be reached by first going down the corridor 18 meters from the main entrance, and then going up a long tunnel (40 m). This room is the smallest of all, located in the very center of the pyramid, has an almost square shape (5.73 x 5.23 m, height - 6.22 m), and a niche is built into one of its walls.

Despite the fact that the second burial pit is called the “queen’s room,” the name is a misnomer, since the wives of Egyptian rulers were always buried in separate small pyramids (there are three such tombs near the tomb of the pharaoh).

Previously, it was not easy to get into the “Queen’s Chamber”, because at the very beginning of the corridor that led to the Great Gallery, three granite blocks were installed, disguised with limestone - so it was previously believed that this room did not exist. Al-Mamunu guessed about its presence and, being unable to remove the blocks, hollowed out a passage in the softer limestone (this passage is still in use today).

It is not known exactly at what stage of construction the plugs were installed, and therefore there are several hypotheses. According to one of them, they were installed even before the funeral, during construction work. Another claims that they were not there at all in this place before, and they appeared here after the earthquake, rolling down from the Great Gallery, where they were installed after the funeral of the ruler.

Another secret of the Cheops pyramid is that exactly where the plugs are located, there are not two, as in other pyramids, but three tunnels - the third is a vertical hole (though no one knows where it leads, since granite blocks with no one has moved the seats yet).

You can get to the tomb of the pharaoh through the Great Gallery, which is almost 50 meters long. It is a continuation of the upward corridor from the main entrance. Its height is 8.5 meters, with the walls narrowing slightly at the top. In front of the tomb of the Egyptian ruler there is a “hallway” - the so-called Antechamber.

From the Antechamber, a hole leads to the “Pharaoh's Chamber,” built from monolithic polished granite blocks, in which there is an empty sarcophagus made from a red piece of Aswan granite. (interesting fact: scientists have not yet found any traces or evidence that there was a burial here).

Apparently, the sarcophagus was brought here even before construction began, since its dimensions did not allow it to be placed here after the completion of construction work. The length of the tomb is 10.5 m, width – 5.4 m, height – 5.8 m.

The biggest mystery of the Cheops pyramid (as well as its feature) is its 20 cm wide shafts, which scientists call ventilation ducts. They start inside the two upper rooms, first go horizontally, and then go out at an angle.

While these channels in the Pharaoh’s room are through, in the “Queen’s Chambers” they begin only at a distance of 13 cm from the wall and do not reach the surface at the same distance (at the same time, at the top they are closed with stones with copper handles, the so-called “Ganterbrink doors”). .

Despite the fact that some researchers suggest that these were ventilation ducts (for example, they were intended to prevent workers from suffocating during work due to the lack of oxygen), most Egyptologists are still inclined to think that these narrow channels had religious significance and were able to prove that they were built taking into account the location of astronomical bodies. The presence of canals may well be related to the Egyptian belief about the gods and souls of the dead who live in the starry sky.

At the foot of the Great Pyramid there are several underground structures - in one of them archaeologists (1954) found the most old ship of our planet: a wooden boat made of cedar, disassembled into 1224 parts, the total length of which when assembled was 43.6 meters (apparently, it was on it that the pharaoh was supposed to go to the Kingdom of the Dead).

Is this tomb Cheops?

Over the past few years, Egyptologists have increasingly questioned the fact that this pyramid was actually intended for Cheops. This is evidenced by the fact that there is absolutely no decoration in the burial chamber.

The pharaoh's mummy was not found in the tomb, and the sarcophagus itself, in which it was supposed to be located, was not completely finished by the builders: it was hewn rather roughly, and the lid was missing altogether. These Interesting Facts provide an opportunity for fans of theories of the alien origin of this grandiose building assert that the pyramid was built by representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations, using technologies unknown to science and for a purpose incomprehensible to us.

The world-famous Egyptian pyramid of Cheops inside is like a “Russian nesting doll” and consists of three pyramids of three pharaohs. The veil of secrecy is lifted over one of the seven wonders of the world. Every creation of human hands has meaning.
“Everything that arises must have some reason for its occurrence, for it is absolutely impossible to arise without a cause.” So said the ancient Greek philosopher and sage Plato in the 4th century BC. e. in his book Timaeus.

All mysteries are overcome by knowledge. Knowledge can be obtained or created. As a “tool for creation,” let’s take our common sense, logic of thinking and knowledge of ancient people who used ideas about the world at that distant time.

“What is comprehended through reflection and reasoning is obviously an eternally identical being; and that which is subject to opinion... arises and dies, but never really exists.” (IV century BC, Plato, Timaeus).

Russian doll

What does it mean that the Cheops pyramid is like a “Russian nesting doll”, containing two more pyramids, one inside the other? To confirm the conclusion about the triplicity of the Cheops pyramid, let's start with the facts and look at the cross-sectional diagram of the pyramid.

Firstly, there are three burial chambers in the Cheops pyramid. Three! From this fact it follows that the pyramid has different time there were three masters (three pharaohs). And everyone had their own separate burial chamber. After all, few living people would think of preparing a tomb for themselves in three “copies.” In addition (as can be seen from the size of the pyramids), their construction is quite labor-intensive even for our time. Besides? Archaeologists have already established that the pharaohs built tomb pyramids separately and of a much smaller size for their wives.

Egyptian historians have established that long before the construction of the pyramids in ancient Egypt in the 4th millennium BC. and earlier pharaohs were buried in structures called mastabas. Below in the picture is the appearance of the ancient crypt (mastaba) of Shepseskaf in Saqqara. It consists of underground and above-ground parts.

The pharaoh's mummy was located deep underground in an underground hall. In the ground part there was a prayer room with a statue of the pharaoh. After death (according to the ancient Egyptian priests), the soul of the deceased pharaoh moved into this statue. The halls in the above-ground mastaba room could be connected to each other (or isolated from each other). Above these underground halls, a low, trapezoidal truncated pyramid was built from stone blocks.

Under the Cheops pyramid there is an underground passage (4) at the end of which there is a vast unfinished underground hall (5). There is also an exit (12) from the hall to the top, which was made according to the burial theory for the passage of the pharaoh’s soul to the above-ground part of the mastaba.

According to the section plan of the Cheops pyramid, we can conclude that if there is an underground hall (5) and there is a passage upward from it (12), then the upper prayer room of the mastaba should be in the center and slightly lower than the middle burial chamber (7). Unless, of course, when the second pharaoh began construction of his pyramid above the mastaba, these premises were not filled with stones, destroyed and preserved to this day.

This conclusion (about the presence of internal mastaba halls in the center of the Cheops pyramid) is confirmed by the observations of French researchers - Gilles Dormayon and Jean-Yves Verdhart. In August 2004, while examining the floor in the middle burial chamber (7) with sensitive gravitational instruments, they discovered an unknown void of impressive size below the floor at a depth of about four meters, the purpose of which at that time they had no versions.

According to the plan of the pyramid's section, a narrow inclined almost vertical shaft (12) goes up from the underground burial pit (5). This passage should connect to the above-ground prayer room of the mastaba. At the exit from the mine, at ground level under the base of the pyramid, there is a small grotto (extension up to 5 meters in length). Apparently, in ancient times, when excavating this grotto, they were already looking for a passage to the inner halls of the mastaba. It has been established that its walls consist of more ancient masonry that does not belong to the Cheops pyramid. The passage rising from the underground hall and the ancient stonework are nothing more than belonging to the first mastaba. From the expansion in the shaft (12) to the center of the pyramid there should be a passage to the ground halls of the mastaba. This passage was most likely walled up by the builders of the second inner pyramid.

By appearance and according to archaeologists, the underground burial chamber (5) remained unfinished. The condition of the prayer rooms in the upper above-ground part of the mastaba (which is the first of three in the Cheops pyramid) remains to be determined by opening a passage through them.

The height of the first internal truncated pyramid (mastaba), according to the pyramid's sectional diagram, should be no more than 15 meters.

The presence of an unfinished burial structure (mastaba), located in the most advantageous place (at the top stone plateau in the town of Giza), served as a pretext for the second (before Cheops) unknown pharaoh to use this mastaba to build his pyramid over it.

The fact that the Giza plateau was previously “inhabited” by ancient mastabas is also supported by the fact that the Sphinx was there. The purpose of the “Sphinx” is to serve as a tomb (mastaba) in the form of a lion sculpture. The age of the “Sphinx” (the deity into which, according to theory, the soul of the pharaoh should move) is estimated to be much older than the pyramids (about 5 - 10 thousand years).

In Egypt, by the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC, the Egyptian priests had a new worldview about the place of residence of the soul after death.

In this regard, the burials of the pharaohs in mastabas were replaced by more majestic structures - step pyramids, and later by “smooth” hewn pyramids. According to the ideas of the priests, after death a person’s soul flew to life to stars related to their souls. “Whoever lives the time allotted to him properly will return to the abode of the star named after him.” Plato, Timaeus.

The burial chamber (7), belonging to the second internal pyramid (on the cross-sectional plan) is located above the prayer part of the first mastaba. The corridor ascending to it (6) is laid along the wall of the mastaba, and the horizontal corridor (8) along its roof. Thus, these two corridors to chamber (7) show the approximate overall dimensions of the first ancient internal truncated trapezoidal mastaba pyramid.

Second and third pyramids

This can be judged by the length of two emanating from the chamber (7) in opposite directions, the so-called (in modern terms) “ventilation ducts”. These channels (one to the north and the other to the south) in a cross section of 20 by 25 cm, approximately 10-12 meters do not reach the boundary of the external walls of the third pyramid.

The modern name for ducts as “air ducts” is, of course, incorrect. The deceased pharaoh did not need ventilation ducts. The channels had a completely different purpose. Channels are a pointing path directed to the sky, oriented with great accuracy (up to a degree) to the stars, where, according to the ideas of the ancient Egyptians, the soul of the pharaoh would settle after death.

The northern channel was oriented towards the star Kohab in the constellation Ursa Minor. At that time, due to precession (the displacement of the Earth's axis), "Kokhab" was the "North Star" around which the sky revolved. It was assumed that after death the pharaoh becomes one of the stars in her environment in the northern part of the sky.

The Southern Channel was targeting the Sirius star. In Egyptian mythology, “Sirius” was associated with the name of the goddess Sopdet (the protector and patroness of all the dead).

At the time the second pyramid was built, both channels from the burial chamber (7) reached the edge of the outer walls and were open to the sky. The burial chamber of the pharaoh's second inner pyramid may also have been unfinished (judging by the lack of its interior decoration).

It is possible that the top of the second pyramid was not fully completed (for example, there was a war, the pharaoh was killed, died prematurely from illness, an accident, etc.). But, in any case, the second pyramid was built no lower than the height of the channels (“air ducts”) emanating from the burial chamber (7) to the outer walls.

The second internal pyramid reveals itself not only with tightly closed channels and its own separate burial chamber, but most of all it is revealed outside by the walled-up central entrance (1) to the Cheops pyramid.

Obviously, it immediately catches your eye that the entrance, tightly walled up with huge granite blocks, is buried in the body of the third pyramid (about the same 10-12 meters as the channels from the second burial chamber).

During the construction of the third pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops, there was no point in extending this external entrance to the second pyramid. Therefore, after adding walls along the perimeter of the third pyramid, the entrance turned out to be “recessed” inside.

The entrance gates of all buildings are always made slightly outside the structure, and not buried in the depths of the structure. The Pyramid of Khafre has approximately the same entrance, but moved outside.

Cheops is the third owner of the pyramid

Archaeologists and historians, according to the deciphering of the hieroglyphs, have established that the Cheops pyramid was built not by slaves (as previously thought), but by civilian builders, who, of course, had to be paid well for hard work. And since the volume of construction was enormous, it was more profitable for Cheops to take an unfinished pyramid than to build a new one from scratch. The advantageous location of the unfinished second pyramid, which was located at the very top of the plateau, was also important.

Cheops began the construction of the third pyramid by dismantling the central part of the second pyramid. In the resulting “crater” at a height of approximately 40 meters from the ground, a pre-chamber (11) and the third burial chamber of the pharaoh (10) were built. The passage to the third burial chamber only needed to be extended. The ascending tunnel (6) was continued in the form of a large 8-meter high cone-shaped gallery (9).

The conical shape of the gallery is not similar to the initial part of the ascending narrow passage. This indicates that the tunnel was not made at the same time and under different external conditions.

After the third Cheops pyramid was expanded on the sides, adding 10-12 meters on each side, the outgoing channels of the second pyramid from the chamber (7) were accordingly closed.

If the burial chamber (7) turned out to be empty, then there was no point in extending the old channels for the builders of the third pyramid. Outside, the channels were filled with new rows of wall blocks of the third pyramid, and from the inside in chamber (7), the outgoing channels were also walled up. In the burial chamber (7), walled up channels were discovered by treasure hunters (researchers) by tapping the walls only in 1872.

In September 2010, English and German researchers launched a caterpillar robot into one of the narrow “air ducts” from the second burial chamber (7). Having risen to the end, he rested against a limestone slab 13 cm thick, drilled through it, inserted a video camera into the hole, and on the other side of the slab at a distance of 18 cm, the robot saw another stone barrier. Having reached a dead end, the scientists' search ended in nothing. The stone barrier is nothing more than the blocks of the third pyramid.

The builders of the third pyramid of Cheops from the third burial chamber of the pharaoh laid new channels (10) for the “flight of the soul” to the stars.

If you look closely at the cross-section of the pyramid, the two pairs of channels (to the north and south) from the second and third chambers are not parallel! This is one of the “keys” to solving the mystery of the Cheops pyramid.

The channels of the upper third chamber relative to the channels of the second chamber are rotated clockwise by 5 degrees. The northern pair of channels has inclination angles of 32° and 37° (5° difference). The southern pair of channels, oriented towards the star Sirius, has inclination angles of 45° and 39° (a difference of 6°). Here, an increase of 1 degree can be attributed to the own movement of the planet Sirius in its orbit. The 5-degree discrepancy in channel angles is not accidental. Egyptian priests and builders very accurately recorded the position of the stars in the sky and clearly laid out the direction of the channels to the stars (with an accuracy of minutes and seconds).

Then what's the matter

The point here is that the Earth’s rotation axis shifts by 1 degree every 72 years, and every 25,920 years the Earth’s axis, rotating at an angle like a spinning top, makes a full circle of 360 degrees. This astronomical phenomenon is called precession. Plato called the total rotation time of the Earth's axis 25,920 years - “The Great Year”.

When the Earth's axis shifts by 1 degree over 72 years, then the angle of view in the direction of all stars (including the Sun) also changes by 1 degree. If the displacement of each pair of channels differs by 5 degrees, then we can easily calculate that between the construction of the second pyramid (of the unknown pharaoh) and the third pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops, the difference is 5 x 72 = 360 years.

Egyptian historians say that Pharaoh Cheops (another pronunciation is Khufu) reigned in 2540-2560 BC. By counting “degree” years ago, we can say exactly when the second inner pyramid was built. Thus, the second pyramid was built in 2800-2820 BC.

In the Cheops pyramid, in a single place under the ceiling (on the powerful vaulted granite slabs above the third burial chamber, like a roof), there is a personal hieroglyph made by the workers who left their mark: “Builders, friends of Pharaoh Khufu.” No other mention of the name Cheops (Khufu) or the affiliation of other pharaohs to the pyramid has yet been found.

Most likely, the third Cheops pyramid was completed and used for its intended purpose. Otherwise, the Cheops pyramid would not have been “sealed.” That is, a plug of several granite cubes would not have been lowered into the ascending passage (6) from above and from the inside along an inclined plane. With these stone cubes, the pyramid was tightly closed to everyone for more than three thousand years (until 820 AD).

The ancient Egyptian name of the Cheops pyramid is read in hieroglyphs as “Horizon of Khufu”. The name has a literal meaning. The angle of inclination of the side face of the pyramid is 51° 50′. This is the angle at which the Sun rose exactly at noon on the days of the autumn-spring equinox. The sun at noon, like a golden “crown,” crowned the pyramid. Throughout the year, the Sun (the ancient Egyptian God - Ra) walks across the sky in summer higher, in winter lower (just like the pharaoh through his domains) and always the Sun (pharaoh) returns to his “home”. Therefore, the angle of inclination of the walls of the pyramid indicates the path to the house of the “Sun God”, to the “house of the pyramid” of Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops) - “son of the Sun God”.

The edges of the walls are arranged at an angle of view towards the Sun not only in this pyramid. In Khafre's pyramid, the angle of inclination of the wall faces is slightly more than 52-53 degrees (it is known that it was built later). In the Mikerin pyramid, the slope of the faces is 51°20′25″ (less than that of Cheops). Until now, historians did not know whether it was built before the Cheops pyramid or later. Now, taking into account the open “degree time” of the Earth’s precession, the smaller angle of inclination of the walls indicates that the pyramid of Mikerinus was built not later, but earlier. In relation to the “degree age scale”, a difference in the slope of the walls of 30 minutes corresponds to 36 years. In later Egyptian pyramids, for example, the pyramid of Pharaoh Khafre, accordingly, the slope of the faces should be greater.

In Sudan (see in the picture) there are many pyramids, the angle of inclination of the faces of which is much steeper. Sudan is south of Egypt and the Sun stands higher above the horizon there on the day of the spring-autumn equinox. This explains the great steepness of the walls of the Sudanese pyramids.

In 820 A.D. The Baghdad caliph Abu Jafar al-Mamun, in search of the countless treasures of the pharaoh, made a horizontal break (2) at the base of the Cheops pyramid, which tourists use to enter the pyramid at present. The breach was made to the beginning of the ascending corridor (6), where they ran into granite cubes, which were bypassed to the right and thus penetrated into the pyramid. But, according to historians, they found nothing but “dust half the size of a palm” inside. If there was anything valuable in the pyramid, then the servants of the caliph took it. And what they left behind was taken away over the next period of time—1200 years.

Judging by the appearance of the gallery (9), 28 pairs of ritual statues stood along its walls in rectangular recesses. However, the exact purpose of the recesses is not known. Two facts indicate that there were statues there. First, the eight-meter height of the gallery made it possible to install statues. Secondly, there were large round peeling imprints on the walls from the mortar that was used to attach the statues to the walls.

I will disappoint those who were determined to find “miracles” in the design of the Egyptian pyramids.

Over a hundred pyramids have been discovered in Egypt today, and they are all different from each other. The pyramids have different angles of inclination of the faces oriented towards the Sun (because they were built at different times), there is a pyramid with a “broken side” at a double angle, there are stone and brick pyramids, smoothly lined and stepped, there are pyramids with a base not square, but rectangular in shape, for example, Pharaoh Djoser.

There is no unity even among the neighboring pyramids at Giza. The Pyramid of Mikerin (the smaller of the three) at its base is not oriented strictly to the cardinal points. The exact orientation of the sides is not given importance. In the main pyramid of Cheops, the third (uppermost) burial chamber is not located in the geometric center of the pyramid or even on the axis of the pyramid. In the pyramids of Khafre and Mikerin, the burial chambers are also off-center. If the pyramids had some kind of secret secret, law or knowledge, the “golden ratio” and so on, then all the pyramids would have uniformity. But there is nothing like this in the pyramids. Below are pictures of Egyptian pyramids of different shapes.

The former Minister of Archeology of Egypt and the current main expert on ancient Egyptian pyramids, Zahi Hawass, says: “Like any practitioner, I decided to check the statement that food does not spoil in the pyramid. Divided a kilogram of meat in half. I left one part in the office and the other in the Cheops pyramid. The part in the pyramid deteriorated even faster than in the office.”

What else can you look for in the Cheops pyramid?

Perhaps you can find the above-ground prayer room of the first pyramid - the mastaba. It would be worth drilling down several holes in the floor of the second (7) burial chamber until an internal cavity is discovered below.

Then from the grotto (12) find a walled passage into the halls (or pave it). This will not be detrimental to the pyramid, since there was originally a connecting entrance from the underground burial chamber to the above-ground mastaba room. And you just have to find it. After the discovery of the interior of the mastaba, it may become known about the pharaoh - the owner of the first truncated trapezoidal mastaba pyramid.

The Mastaba Sphinx is also of great interest on the Giza plateau. The stone body of the ancient Sphinx is located from west to east. Funeral burials were also made from west to east. Presumably, the Sphinx is an integral part of an above-ground structure (mastaba) - the tomb of an unknown pharaoh.

Searches in this direction would expand the boundaries of knowledge of history ancient egypt. It is possible that there was an even earlier civilization, for example, the Atlanteans, whom the Egyptians deified, considering them their ancestors, and referred to their ancient ancestors as predecessor gods.

An identification study by American criminologists concluded that the face of the Sphinx does not resemble the faces of the statues of Egyptian pharaohs, but has distinct Negroid features. That is, the ancient ancestors of the Egyptians, including the legendary Atlanteans, had Negroid facial features and African origin.

It should be noted here that the Egyptian legend about the Atlantean ancestors is indirect evidence of proximity to Egypt.

Probably, the burial chamber and mummy of an ancient pharaoh of Negro origin is located under the front paws of the Sphinx, as the American psychic Edgar Cayce said about it. In this case, there should be a passage upward from the underground hall - a path for the relocation of the “soul” of the pharaoh and subsequent life in the body of the Sphinx statue (according to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians).

The Sphinx is a lion (symbol of royal power) with a human head and the face of a pharaoh. It is possible that the face of the discovered mummy of the pharaoh (after plastic restoration) will turn out to be “two peas in a pod” similar to the face of the Sphinx.

By analogy with construction ( late pyramids above the early ones) we can say that many other Egyptian pyramids had more than one owner. In this regard, confusion is revealed with the time of life of the pharaohs and the time of construction of their pyramids.

For example, Pharaoh Mykerinus ruled later than Cheops, but his pyramid, according to the angle of inclination of the walls, in accordance with calculations based on “years of precession,” was started 36 years earlier than Cheops’ pyramid. How can this be? The answer to this question is that the pyramid began to be built earlier (before Mikerin), but it was completed later, when the angle of inclination of the lower walls that had been started could no longer be changed.

There is a large vertical gap on one of the side walls of the Mykerinus pyramid. Getting to the pharaoh's treasures in the burial chamber inside the pyramid, the robbers dismantled part of the wall from top to bottom. In the thus formed “vertical section” of the section of the inner blocks of the pyramid, the following was revealed - from a certain, clearly defined boundary, the upper blocks were not laid tightly and not as neatly as the lower ones. This confirms that the pyramid was being completed and that later builders were not as careful about the quality of laying the internal blocks.

At the same time, judging by the two underground halls under the pyramid of Mikerin (which belong to the burials of the pharaohs during the construction of the mastabas), the burial structure was begun many centuries earlier. This confusion of times suggests that inside the pyramid of Mikerin, as well as in the pyramid of Cheops, there should be above-ground prayer rooms of the original mastaba belonging to the more ancient burial of the pharaoh. And in the body of the pyramid there should also be a chamber-tomb for the later burial of Pharaoh Mikerin.

The “curtain” of the centuries-old secret over the secret of the Egyptian pyramid of Cheops has been lifted. All that remains is to enter the open door.
This requires permission from the Egyptian authorities, which they give to research scientists with great reluctance.
A mystery loses its appeal when it is revealed.

But, despite this, tourists’ interest in the majestic buildings does not disappear. ancient world, which has survived to this day.

How the Cheops Pyramid was built

Another confirmation of the triplicity of the Cheops pyramid. In 2009, the French architect Jean-Pierre Houdin, and later with the support of Egyptologist Bob Brier from the American University of Long Island, observing how roads were built in the mountains, put forward a similar erroneous assumption. about the construction technology of the Egyptian pyramid of Cheops. The fact that stone blocks were transported to the pyramid by dragging around its walls along inclined ramps and corridors, as if along a serpentine mountain road. This is a long and laborious path. Following this, Jean-Pierre Houdin began to look for evidence of his hypothesis.

To substantiate his assumption, he accepted the research of a group of engineers from the French Academy of Sciences, who in 1986 spent several months scanning the internal contents of the Cheops pyramid to detect hidden cavities inside it. French researchers discovered wide stripes along the perimeter of the pyramid at different heights with approximately 15% less density (see above picture of gravimetry of the Cheops pyramid). Areas with a density from 1.85 to 2.3 tons per 1 cubic meter are highlighted in different colors.

French scientists were unable to explain why there are sparse stripes along the walls of the pyramid, and therefore the results of the study did not receive any discussion in the scientific world.

In June 2012, in Russia, engineer Vladimir Garmatyuk revealed the “secret” of the Cheops pyramid. Obvious evidence is provided that the pyramid, like a “Russian nesting doll” inside, consists of three pyramids of three pharaohs of different times. When it became known that inside the Cheops pyramid (the third from the start of construction) there is an older (360 years earlier) second pyramid (see picture - a recessed entrance to the second closed pyramid).

And there is an even more ancient first truncated pyramid (mastaba, which reveals itself in the underground hall under the pyramid and other signs), then the stripes of material with lower density inside the Cheops pyramid found their explanation. The stripes show and confirm the separation of the bodies of the second and third pyramid.

How and with what to explain this

For the strength of the structure, the outer layer of the pyramid was laid out from hewn, tightly packed blocks. Hence the high density of the outer layer of the walls. While the inner rows of the pyramids consist of roughly fitted unhewn blocks. Therefore, the density of the inner rows of the pyramid is less.

See, for example, the picture below - the “insides” of the pyramid of Pepi II from South Saqqara. On the outside of the pyramid there are densely laid hewn blocks, and on the inside there are ordinary stones obtained from horizontal chipping of layered limestone deposits.

It is possible that the same thing happened inside the Cheops pyramid (of course, not in the central part, where the burial chambers of the pharaohs are located); a mound of stones, rubble and sand, delivered to the pyramid in baskets, was used as a volume filler. After all, this significantly reduced the cost and accelerated the construction of the pyramids. A mound of stones easily explains the same vast spaces of rarefied density that were discovered in 2017 by French and Japanese physicists when studying the inside of the pyramid with muon telescopes.

When accurately measuring the plane of the side faces of the Cheops pyramid, it is noticeable that they have some depression inward (to a depth of one meter). After all, over the 4.5 thousand years since the construction of the pyramid, there have been many earthquakes that gradually shook out its contents over and over again. And because of this, the walls (since there is loose material inside the pyramid) fell somewhat inward due to their lower density.

According to gravimetry of the Cheops pyramid (white) stripes along the perimeter of the walls of the second pyramid have a density of 1.85-2.05 tons per cubic meter. This just means that there is an embankment made of stone.

The third (outer visible today) pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops increased the sides and height of the second (inner) pyramid by 10 - 12 meters. The inner unhewn blocks of the third pyramid are laid along the dense, hewn outer walls of the second pyramid. Therefore, in 1986, French gravimetric researchers recorded a difference in the density of the material inside the pyramid; it is this difference (the difference in density) that creates the appearance of a “serpentine”. French researchers noted this circumstance, but could not explain it.

Other arguments by Jean-Pere Houdin and Bob Brier, given to prove the assumption of the “serpentine” construction of the pyramid, each have their own explanation. Researchers in 2009 did not yet know that the Cheops pyramid consists of three different pyramids. For example, longitudinal stripes of stone blocks of the same color on the edges of the Cheops pyramid, which they interpret as “dusty roads” from the transportation of blocks, are explained by the uniform color of the stones, mined in a quarry from one layer of rock.

The third pyramid was built up with stone blocks evenly along the height and perimeter onto the walls of the second pyramid, like “cream on a cake.” The stone was mined in one place, and therefore the blocks are similar in color. The order in which the stone blocks were mined was the order in which they were laid in the walls. When the blocks were taken from another place, their color was slightly different.

Or their other argument is a small pothole-deepening on the edge near the top of the pyramid, which they called a transport corridor. The pothole could have been made after the pyramid was built, for example as a failed attempt to get inside. Or the pothole could be made like:

• guardhouse for giving signals,

as a guard post for religious, hermitage, cult or other purposes.

The fact that the Cheops pyramid consists of three different pyramids, separated by hundreds of years in construction time, means that it was built by more than one generation of people, and there was no such great construction “in one go.”

This significantly mitigates the worrying problem of the labor intensity of building a pyramid, but does not cancel or in any way reduce the grandeur of the undoubtedly greatest structure of the ancient Egyptian civilization in the history of mankind.

The pyramid is part of the ritual and funeral complex of the earthly ruler: the pharaoh. Therefore, despite all the differences, all pyramids, in addition to the general shape, also have a common internal structure, which is due to the mandatory presence of a hall in which the pharaoh’s sarcophagus and the passages leading to it were installed. Let's see how they work Egyptian pyramids inside using the example of the tomb of Cheops - the tallest stone structure in the world.

The only entrance, which was provided by the ancient builders, is on the north side of the pyramid structure at a height of 12 meters from the ground. Once upon a time, this entrance was hidden by cladding slabs, but already at the end of the 18th century, the first European scientists who explored this wonder of the world - the French - saw it open, since by that time people had deprived time ancient building facing slabs.

A corridor with an almost square cross-section leads inside the Cheops pyramid. The angle of inclination of the corridor, apparently, was not chosen arbitrarily - it coincides with the angle at which the ancient Egyptians could observe the North Star. Therefore, the first explorers had to face certain difficulties - then there were no railings, which are now made for the convenience of tourists, and their feet slid along the polished stone floor slabs. And the ventilation back then was incomparably worse than it is today (although even now it is far from ideal). The corridor sometimes narrowed to such an extent that we had to crawl on our haunches. Now, again for the benefit of tourists, everything has been “tweaked”.

Pyramid of Cheops inside

Unlike most other similar structures in Egypt, which have one burial chamber, the most famous pyramidal collos has three. One of them - underground - is located below the base of the structure, carved directly into the natural foundation. However, this camera was not completely finished. Apparently, the builders’ plans have changed, and the other two chambers are now located directly in the above-ground stone body of the giant structure. For a long time, scientists explained this by saying that the pharaoh wanted the tomb to be ready for a possible funeral ceremony at any stage of construction. And when the builders began building the next chamber, located above, the need for an underground chamber was no longer necessary.

This theory does not explain why all other similar structures have a burial chamber below the base line. Only the pyramids of the pharaohs Snefru and Cheops have burial chambers inside, higher than the base, in the thickness of the masonry. A significant number of modern Egyptologists believe that this arrangement of the chambers in the tomb of Cheops was associated with certain religious views of the ancient inhabitants of Egypt. Briefly, this theory goes like this. There are facts that allow us to conclude that Cheops began to be revered as the god Ra during his lifetime.

The pyramid of this pharaoh is called the “Horizon of Khufu”, which meant that he, like the god Ra himself, rises to the horizon every day. The sons and successors of Cheops, Djedefre and Khafre, became the first pharaohs whose titles contained the epithet “son of Ra.” That is, Khufu was identified with Ra, therefore his burial chamber should be located above the earth and closer to the sky - where the real sun is visible. True, it should be noted that in relation to Pharaoh Snefru, no facts have yet been found that would allow us to interpret the location of his burial chamber in a similar way.

But let's return again to what constitutes Cheops pyramid inside. From the corridor leading down into the underground chamber, approximately at ground level, a passage leading upward begins. From it you can get into a small gallery, and then into a small chamber, called the queen's chamber. One of the underground "interchanges" If you do not turn towards the queen’s room, but go further, you will see the Great Gallery, which is 47 meters long and 8.5 meters high. This magnificent gallery presents a unique architectural structure. The ancient craftsmen laid the limestone slabs of the false vault in such a way that each subsequent layer overlapped the previous one by 5-6 cm. The limestone slabs framing the walls were polished to a shine and hewn together with amazing precision - even the blade of a thin knife could not pass through the joints . There are notches carved into the floor that allow you to move without having to hold on to the smooth walls.

After the Great Gallery there is a small airlock room leading to the room called the King's Chamber. Its dimensions are:

• length - 10.5 m;
• width – 5.2 m;
• height – 5.8 meters.

The chamber lining is made of pink granite slabs. Five unloading chambers were erected above the ceiling, the top of which has a gable roof made of giant granite blocks. They take on the enormous weight of the stone mass, preventing it from crushing the pharaoh’s burial chamber. It should also be noted that the pharaoh's camera is precisely oriented to the cardinal points.

At the western wall (the afterlife for the Egyptians began in the west) there is a massive sarcophagus carved from a monolithic block of pink granite. The sarcophagus has no lid. Also, no traces of the pharaoh's mummy were found. That is, there is no evidence that the Cheops pyramid was ever used for an actual funeral. However, no other burial place of Pharaoh Cheops has yet been discovered, nor has his mummy been found. Nevertheless, Egyptologists have enough grounds to say that the pyramids are part of the ritual and funerary complex, and not something else.

When the first European explorers discovered the pharaoh's sarcophagus at the end of the 18th century, they did not yet know exactly for whom this tomb, as they thought, was built, or what the name of the ancient ruler of Egypt was. Only later were several hieroglyphs surrounded by an oval frame discovered above the burial chamber. In fairness, it should be noted that some Egyptologists consider this inscription to be a much later forgery, and there are certain reasons for this. The inscription was read thanks to the scientific discoveries of Champollion, who by that time had already deciphered the language of the ancient Egyptians. It turned out that this was the name of the pharaoh, by whose order this main and first wonder of the world was built. The pharaoh's name was Khufu (the Greeks called him Cheops), and he ruled according to modern scientific ideas in the 28th-27th centuries. BC, that is, about 4700 years ago.

The mystery of the mysterious canals

Speaking about the structure of the Cheops pyramid, one cannot help but say that both the queen’s chamber and the king’s chamber are equipped with ascending in the northern and south direction inclined shafts-channels of square cross-section with an average size of 20x20 cm. Until recently, it was believed that they served as ventilation ducts. However, if two passages extending from the pharaoh’s burial chamber pass through the body of the structure and go outside, then the two passages from the queen’s chamber cannot be ventilation ducts - they end in the masonry itself far from the outer surfaces of the walls (see diagram above).

Since 1993, attempts have been made using various technical devices to understand what purpose they were intended for. German engineers have designed a special robot capable of crawling through such narrow mines. But in both the southern shaft and the northern one, the robot ran into an obstacle, which was a kind of plate with two protrusions (handles?) that looked like metal (copper?). An attempt was made to drill through one of the partitions, but the video camera that the robot pushed into the drilled hole showed that the small space behind the slab again ended in a new stone partition.

It was decided to continue the research by preparing new technical equipment, but the events in Egypt that occurred at the beginning of 2011 postponed it indefinitely.

In the light of new data, a scientific hypothesis has become widespread that these mines performed certain ritual tasks associated with the religious beliefs of the ancients. There is also a simpler hypothesis that originally these were actually ventilation ducts. But as the structure rose higher and higher, it was decided to build a third burial chamber - the king's chamber. And the passages leading from the queen’s chamber were blocked by the builders as unnecessary. This hypothesis is indirectly confirmed by the fact that the entrances to the mines from the side of the queen’s chamber itself were walled up and were found only after a thorough examination.

Internal structure of the Cheops pyramid from an engineering and construction point of view, the most complex of all similar structures of Ancient Egypt. All other Egyptian pyramids inside look approximately the same as the great pyramidal structure of Cheops, but in general, inside the pyramids of other pharaohs have a simpler structure, with the exception of the tomb of Pharaoh Djoser in Saqqara, which has an extensive system of underground passages and rooms at its base.

It will also be interesting to watch.

Statistics about the Cheops pyramid

Rice. 1. Pyramid of Cheops in the 19th century.

• Height (today): ≈ 138.75 m
• Side angle: 51° 50′
• Side length (original): 230.33 m (calculated) or about 440 Royal cubits
• Side length (currently): about 225 m
• The length of the sides of the base of the pyramid: south - 230.454 m; north - 230.253 m; west - 230.357 m; east - 230.394 m.
• Foundation area (initially): ≈ 53,000 m² (5.3 ha)
• Area of ​​the pyramid: (initially) ≈ 85,500 m²
• Perimeter: 922 m.
• Total volume of the pyramid without deducting the cavities inside the pyramid (initially): ≈ 2.58 million m³
• Total volume of the pyramid, after subtracting all known cavities (initially): 2.50 million m³
• Average size of observed stone blocks: 1.0 m in width, height and depth (but most are rectangular in shape.)
• Average weight of stone blocks: 2.5 tons
• Heaviest stone block: 15 t
• Number of blocks: about 2.5 million.
• According to estimates, the total weight of the pyramid: about 6.25 million tons
• The base of the pyramid rests on a natural rocky hill with a height of about 9 m in the center .

Our "Important Editorial Notice" :

Until now, among scientists and, in particular, among Egyptologists, there is a “ persistent delusion ", What the Pyramid of Cheops and other pyramids in Egypt were built by ancient craftsmen as “ tombs ». « Misconception ” appeared from archaeologists who excavate ancient cities and graves of the dead. At the same time, everyone knows that no royal burials were found in any Egyptian pyramid. This " delusion "still does not allow scientists to look at the pyramid, well, for example, as a unique ancient thing" resonant device » colossal size and amazing accuracy. It was originally " hermetically sealed "as a resonator of a certain frequency range, not to hide the treasures of the pharaohs there, it itself was a treasure of ancient sacred knowledge . This knowledge is still unknown to us! You can only " forget this delusion “, which is rather associated with the terrifying conservatism of scientists’ perception of everything new that may belong to the field of other sciences, and try “ figure out "in the essence of this knowledge. For example, Egyptologists may internally “ shudder ", when, for example, they hear words - a resonator, " energy matrix of the Universe », physical chemistry high-precision processing of materials, etc., since all this relates to the field of knowledge of other sciences that are not known to them! After this, another “ stable stereotype of significance ” of the person telling them about it. They ask the question: “ Who are you, academician, corresponding member, doctor of sciences... so that we listen to your words?! In our small scientific community no one talks about such things...?! Maybe it's just your imagination…?! Goodbye dear..." Everything is like in Andersen’s fairy tale - “ ugly duck" Therefore, in all texts from the Wikipedia encyclopedia the words - burial chambers - type in italics. For the same reasons, the words " air ducts ", parts of which, as is known, stand " sealed traffic jams ", we also type in italics.

About the pyramid

The pyramid is called "Akhet-Khufu" - "Horizon of Khufu"(or more precisely " Relating to the firmament - (this is) Khufu"). Consists of blocks of limestone, basalt and granite. It was built on a natural hill. Even though the pyramid Cheops- the tallest and most voluminous of all the Egyptian pyramids, but still Pharaoh Snefru built the pyramids in Meidum and Dakhshut (Broken Pyramid and Pink Pyramid), the total mass of which is estimated at 8.4 million tons. This means that 2.15 million tons were used to build these pyramids. or 25.6% more material than was required for the Cheops pyramid.

The pyramid was originally lined with white limestone, which was harder than the main blocks. The top of the pyramid was crowned with a gilded stone - pyramidion. The cladding shone in the Sun with a peach color, like “ a shining miracle to which the sun god Ra himself seemed to give all his rays" In 1168 AD. e. The Arabs sacked and burned Cairo. Residents of Cairo removed the cladding from the pyramid in order to build new houses .

Pyramid structure

Strabo Caliph Abu Ja'far al-Ma'mun. He hoped to find the pharaoh's countless treasures there, but found there only a layer of dust half a cubit thick.

Inside the Cheops pyramid there are three burial chambers, located one above the other.

Rice. 2. Cross section of the Cheops pyramid: 1. Main entrance, 2. The entrance made by Al-Mamun , 3. Crossroads, “traffic jam” and the Al-Mamun tunnel made “bypassing” the traffic jam , 4. Descending corridor, 5. Unfinished underground chamber – ( Funeral « pit "), 6. Ascending corridor, 7. " Queen's chamber» with outgoing « air ducts ", 8. Horizontal tunnel, 9. Large gallery, 10. Pharaoh's Chamber With " air ducts ", 11. Antechamber, 12. Grotto.

The entrance to the pyramid is at an altitude of 15.63 meters on the north side . The entrance is formed by stone slabs laid in the form of an arch. This entrance to the pyramid was sealed with a granite plug . A description of this stopper can be found in Strabo. Today tourists get inside the pyramid through a 17 m gap, which was made in 820 by Caliph Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun. He hoped to find the pharaoh's countless treasures there, but found only a layer of dust half a cubit thick there. . Inside the Cheops pyramid there are three burial chambers . They are located one below the other - “ King's Chamber(Pharaoh)", " Queen's Chamber», Unfinished underground chamber – (Funeral « pit »).

Grotto, Great Gallery and Chambers (Chamber) of the Pharaoh with sarcophagus

Rice. 3. View King's Chambers ( Rice. 2. – point 10) with an empty sarcophagus. The precisely fitted granite flat blocks from which the walls, floor and ceiling of this room are made are clearly visible. The empty granite sarcophagus is located asymmetrically in relation to the dimensions of the room.

Rice. 4. Large oblique Gallery(Fig. 2. – point 9), leading to “ Chamber of the King (Pharaoh)"(Fig. 2. - item 11 and item 10). The walls of the gallery are inclined, tapering upward and have symmetrical protruding ledges. On the right and left sides of the passage, rectangular grooves located at equal distances from each other are also clearly visible on the rectangular ledges. There are 28 pairs of these grooves in total. Since there are grooves, it means that something was definitely inserted there and, probably, was removed. However, the grooves could also perform another function, about which, unfortunately, nothing is known yet.

Another branch from the lower part of the Great Gallery is a narrow, almost vertical shaft, about 60 m high, leading to the lower part of the descending passage. There is an assumption that it was intended to evacuate workers or priests who were completing “ sealing " main passage to " King's chamber" Approximately in the middle there is a small, most likely natural expansion - “ Grotto» ( Grotto) of irregular shape, in which several people could fit at most. Grotto– (Fig. 2 - (12)) located on " junction» stone masonry pyramid and a small, about 9 meters high, hill on a limestone plateau lying at the base of the Great Pyramid. The walls of the Grotto are partially reinforced by ancient masonry, and since some of its stones are too large, there is an assumption that the Grotto existed on the Giza plateau as an independent structure long before the construction of the pyramids, and the evacuation shaft itself was built taking into account the location of the Grotto. However, taking into account the fact that the shaft was hollowed out in the already laid masonry, and not laid out, as evidenced by its irregular circular cross-section, the question arises of how the builders managed to accurately reach the Grotto.

Big Gallery

Rice. 5. Black and white shot of the beginning Great gallery ( Rice. 2. - item 9) with a high step at which the fellah stands. On the right and left, rectangular grooves are clearly visible along the lower part of the side walls of the gallery. 1910

The large gallery continues the ascending passage. Its height is 8.53 m, it is a rectangular cross-section, with walls slightly tapering upward (the so-called “false vault”), a high inclined tunnel 46.6 m long. In the middle Great gallery along almost the entire length, there is a square recess with a regular cross-section measuring 1 meter wide and 60 cm deep, and on both side protrusions there are 27 pairs of indentations of unknown purpose . The recess ends with the so-called. " Big step" - a high horizontal ledge, a platform of 1x2 meters, at the end of the Great Gallery, immediately in front of the hole in the " hallway » — Precamera ( Tsar) (Fig. 2 – item 11). The platform has a pair of ramp recesses, similar to the recesses, in the corners near the wall ( 28th and last pair of recesses BG.). Through the “hallway” a hole leads into the burial “Tsar’s Chamber” lined with black granite, where an empty granite sarcophagus is located.

Above the “Tsar’s Chamber” are discovered in the 19th century. five unloading cavities with a total height of 17 m, between which lie monolithic slabs about 2 m thick, and above there is a gable ceiling. Their purpose is to distribute the weight of the overlying layers of the pyramid (about a million tons) in order to protect the “King’s Chamber” from pressure. . In these voids, graffiti was discovered, probably left by workers.

Rice. 6. Isometric plan with sections Tsar's chambers. On the left you can see the upper end of the inclined Galleries with grooves on the sides, a rectangular step in front of the entrance and a hole into the King's chamber. Bottom right King's chamber granite sarcophagus on the right side of the chamber Tsar. To the right there is a rectangular shaft above the sarcophagus, which ends with a unloading gable " roof » from granite blocks – «

Rice. 7. Black and white photo " entrance and manhole"from inside the King's chamber. 1910

Ascending Corridor and Queen's Chambers

From the first third of the descending passage (18 m from the main entrance), an ascending passage goes up at the same angle of 26.5° to the south (Fig. 2. - p. 6 ) about 40 m long, ending at the bottom of the Great Gallery (Fig. 2. - p. 9 ).

Rice. 8. At its beginning, the ascending passage contains 3 large cubic granite “plugs”, which from the outside, from the descending passage, were disguised by a block of limestone that fell out accidentally during the work of Al-Mamun - (Fig. 2 – item 3) Thus, for the previous approximately 3 thousand years it was believed that there were no other rooms in the Great Pyramid other than the descending passage and the underground chamber. Al-Ma'mun was unable to break through these plugs and simply carved out a bypass to the right of them in the softer limestone. This passage is still in use today . There are two main theories about traffic jams, one of them is based on the fact that the ascending passage has traffic jams installed at the beginning of construction and, therefore, this passage was sealed by them from the very beginning. The second claims that the current narrowing of the walls was caused by an earthquake, and the plugs were previously located within the Great Gallery and were used to seal the passage only after the funeral of the pharaoh. An important mystery of this section of the ascending passage is that in the place where the plugs are now located, in the full-size, albeit shortened model of the pyramid passages - the so-called. test corridors north of the Great Pyramid - there is a junction of not two, but three corridors at once, the third of which is a vertical tunnel. Since no one has yet been able to move the plugs, the question of whether there is a vertical hole above them remains open. In the middle of the ascending passage, the design of the walls has a peculiarity: in three places the so-called “frame stones” are installed - that is, the passage, square along its entire length, pierces through three monoliths. The purpose of these stones is unknown .

A horizontal corridor 35 m long and 1.75 m high leads to the second burial chamber from the lower part of the Great Gallery in a southerly direction. The second chamber is traditionally called « Queen's chamber“, although according to the ritual the wives of the pharaohs were buried in separate small pyramids. " Queen's chamber", lined with limestone, measures 5.74 meters from east to west and 5.23 meters from north to south; its maximum height is 6.22 meters. There is a high niche in the eastern wall of the chamber.

Rice. 9. Isometric plan with sections Queen's chambers(Fig. 2 - item 7). Shown on the left stepped niche in the cell wall. On the right is the horizontal entrance to the Queen's chamber. Above the walls of the Queen's chamber there are stone blocks in the form of a gable roof to relieve pressure on the chamber. The “air ducts” coming out of the chamber are shown schematically.

Rice. 10. Login type into a stepped niche from Queen's chambers(Fig. 2 - item 7).

Rice. eleven. Black and white image of the entrance to the Queen's chamber from the inclined Gallery (Fig. 2 - item 8). 1910

Ventilation ducts

From " King's Chambers"(Fig. 2 - item 10) and " Queen's Chambers"(Fig. 2 - point 7) the so-called " ventilation » the channels are 20-25 cm wide in diameter. At the same time, the channels « King's Chambers», known since the 17th century, end-to-end, they are open both below and above (on the edges of the pyramid) , while the lower ends of the channels " Queen's Chambers» separates about 13 cm from the surface of the wall; they were discovered by tapping in 1872. The upper ends of these channels do not reach the surface of the side faces of the Cheops pyramid . The end of the southern channel is closed with stone " doors", discovered in 1993 using the remote-controlled robot "Upout II". In 2002, with the help of a new modification of the robot " door" was drilled, but behind it a small cavity and another " door». What's next is still unknown . Currently, versions are being expressed that the purpose of “ ventilation » channels is of a religious nature and is associated with Egyptian ideas about the afterlife journey of the soul .

Funeral "pit"

A descending corridor 105 m long, going at an inclination of 26° 26'46, leads to a horizontal corridor (Fig. 2. - point 4) 8.9 m long, leading to the chamber (Fig. 2. - point 5), which was named Funeral "pit". Situated below ground level, in a rocky limestone bedrock, it remained unfinished. The dimensions of the chamber are 14x8.1 m, it extends from east to west. The height of the chamber reaches 3.5 m. At the southern wall of the chamber there is a well about 3 m deep, from which a narrow manhole (0.7 × 0.7 m in cross-section) stretches southward for 16 m, ending in a dead end. Engineers John Shae Perring and Howard Vyse in the early 19th century dismantled the floor of the cell and dug a deep well 11.6 m deep , in which they hoped to discover hidden burial room . They were based on the testimony of Herodotus, who claimed that the body of Cheops was on an island surrounded by a canal in a hidden underground chamber. Their excavations came to nothing . Later research showed that the camera was abandoned unfinished, and burial chambers it was decided to arrange it in the center of the pyramid itself .

Rice. 12. Black and white image of the interior " underground» cameras. 1910. On the left you can see half the body of a fellah leaning out of the passage into the cell.”

A COMMENT:

Now we can show on the plan the Pyramid of Cheops in the matrix of the Universe the position “ Libra in h ale Judgment Maat over the hearts of Ab (Ab)Living creatures" Figure 13 shows a cross-section of the Cheops pyramid according to Weiss. It is more accurate than the one shown in Figure 2 from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia.

Rice. 13. Pyramid cross section Cheops (Khufu, Khufu) in Giza. According to Weiss.

Rice. 14. The figure shows the result of combining a section of the Cheops pyramid (according to Weiss) in Giza with “ energy matrix of the universe "or simply the matrix of the Universe. This drawing is similar to Figure 8 from our work - Amon-Ra discovered the secret of the original floor plan in the Cheops pyramid. All the main elements of the section of the Cheops pyramid are located in the Lower World of the matrix of the Universe. The top of the vault above The King's Chamber" aligned with the third position from the left on the 7th level, base " King's Chambers"with a sarcophagus combined with the 10th level. Base " Queen's Chambers» – with the 12th level, the base of the pyramid – with the 14th level. Passage to the gallery - from level 13, passage to " Lower horizon"in the rocky base of the pyramid - with the 14th level, and the " Lower horizon"combined with the 17th level of the Lower World of the matrix. The remaining elements of combining the cross-sectional plan of the pyramid with the matrix of the Universe are clearly visible in the figure. Angles of inclination of the side of the pyramid Khufu and the matrix pyramids are clearly different. Right side of the pyramid section Khufu is directed to the north, and the left side is directed to the south.

Now the Egyptian pattern of weighing the heart is compatible with the matrix of the Universe Ab (Ab) from our work - The Mystery of the Tombstone of the Italian sculptor Antonio Canova together with a plan of the section of the pyramid Khufu, which is shown in the previous Figure 14.

In the well-known Egyptian The myth of Osiris « Council of the Gods"in the retinue of Osiris ( Asar) was called – “ Pout – Paut" Their total number was - 42. « Council of the Gods“helped Osiris analyze and evaluate the affairs of a deceased person during his life. The number 42 exactly corresponds to the sum of the “positions” of levels 13, 14 and 15 – 13+14+15 = 42 – The lower world of the matrix of the Universe. In the same area of ​​the matrix of the Universe was located “ Double Hall » Maati (goddess of truth and truth), where “ heart » – Ab – Ab – (Aspects souls of beings). On one pan of the scales there was placed Maati feather, and on the other side of the scale was placed “ heart » Ab. If " heart » Ab it turned out to be harder" feather Maati ", or Maat herself with open hands on the scales, ( the creature sinned a lot), then this is the heart " ate " creature Ammit with the head and half of the body of a crocodile, and the back half the body of a hippopotamus.

Rice. 15. Ancient Egyptian drawing of a scene " weighing the heart » « Ab" On the left is the goddess of truth and righteousness - Maat. On the right is the god of wisdom Thoth. Below is Ammit.

Rice. 16. The figure shows the result of joint combination of the pyramid plan in the matrix of the Universe Khufu and Egyptian scene drawing " weighing the heart » « Ab" It is clearly visible that the vertical axis of the scales is aligned with the vertical axis of the matrix pyramid and the section of the Khufu pyramid, and the transverse crossbar of the scales is aligned with the 14th level of the Lower World of the matrix of the Universe, which is also the base of the Khufu pyramid on the rocky plateau. The remaining alignment details are visible in the figure.

Now let’s write the word on top of this picture in Egyptian hieroglyphs Pout (Paut), which will show us the location area in the matrix of the 42 gods - advisers to Osiris.

Rice. 17. The figure shows the writing of the word WEB – PAUT Egyptian hieroglyphs into the Lower World of the matrix of the Universe, which “ will determine Osiris (Asar). The lower hieroglyph is in the form of a “circle with a square inside” “ defines "in the matrix of the Universe, the area where the 42 gods are located - advisors Osiris (Asar). Hieroglyph T(t) combined with the Queen's camera. Hieroglyph U(U) practically occupied the entire space from the base of the King's chamber to the sharp top of the rectangular shaft above the sarcophagus in the King's chamber. The mine ends with an unloading gable " roof » from granite blocks – « Above the “Tsar’s Chamber” are discovered in the 19th century. five unloading cavities with a total height of 17 m, between which lie monolithic slabs about 2 m thick, and above there is a gable ceiling.” The position of the remaining hieroglyphs is clearly visible in the figure. If we assume that the word Pout (Paut) was for the priests of Egypt one of the “ prayer words » inside the Cheops pyramid, for example, when they were indoors Tsar's chambers in front of the sarcophagus, which could simply be open, then such a ritual can be called an appeal to advice 42 gods - assistants of Osiris (Asar). Wherein Pyramid of Khufu, How " resonant device "in its likeness translated the words of the prayer into the matrix of the Universe. If we add the Egyptian word to the words of the prayer appeal of the priests Paauta (Paauta), meaning like " creature male" and " creature woman"(Fig. 13) from our work - Who are you Russians, and we know who they are! , then you get the following meaningful prayer appeal, for example, “ We pray to Osiris and his council of gods (Pout) about sending forgiveness and blessing to the soul of the King - Pharaoh and/or to his close associates for future incarnation into a human being — (Paauta)". Wherein Khufu's pyramid again, How " resonant device "in its likeness translated the words of the prayer into the matrix of the Universe. Although our assumption seems fantastic, it may correspond to the true state of affairs, and determine the real purpose of construction pyramids of Khufu. Probably other Egyptian pyramids too. This is indicated by the surprisingly accurate results of combining the plan of the Khufu pyramid, Egyptian drawings and Egyptian words written in hieroglyphs in the matrix of the Universe. Additional " resonant devices ", which could be installed in the grooves of the inclined Gallery, strengthened " Effect "such a connection. Thus, all Pyramid of Khufu and its specific interior spaces constituted a single resonant device " to contact " subtle worlds of the Universe "and their inhabitants. The priests of ancient Egypt were wise scientists, possessed sacred knowledge, and, for sure, knew how to work with this even “ hermetically sealed » « resonant device " Today, with the availability of a large number of " destruction - changes in the parameters of the resonant device "its quality may be " impaired or deteriorated ».

Figure 18 shows the result of writing the word Paauta in Egyptian hieroglyphs (Paauta) – “male creature”into the matrix of the Universe and comparing it with the Sanskrit entry of the word Jiva Loka – « Jiv space - Shower "in the matrix of the Universe.

Rice. 18. This is how the Egyptian priests understood what “ Creature Man" The picture on the right shows an ancient hieroglyphic inscription Paut – Paauta – Paauta – « Creature Man" It was enough to change the last hieroglyph to the image of a woman and the hieroglyphic entry would read: “ Creature Woman", and it would sound the same - Paut – Paauta – Paauta. On the left in the figure is the word written in Sanskrit - Jeeva Loka- space Shower – Jeev in the matrix of the Universe. Comparing the hieroglyphic notation on the right and the Sanskrit notation on the left, we see that the upper hieroglyph Pa (Pa) in the form of a bird with open wings means opportunity Souls - Jivas rise above the previous space and rush further into the Upper World of the matrix of the Universe. Egyptian priests knew about this possibility for Souls - Jivas, which the Lord gave her, and reflected it in hieroglyphic text.

In conclusion, we can say that the idea of ​​​​building such a huge structure as Pyramid of Khufu, only for the purpose of " disposable "The tomb of the pharaoh does not stand up to criticism. The more likely purpose of such construction was to create " reusable » — « resonant device " to contact " subtle worlds "in the universe, which we tried to convince our readers of with the results of our research presented in the article. At the same time, we note that council of 42 gods - advisors to Osiris (Asar) or according to the sacred Vedas of India - monastery « judges » Jeev – Yamaraja, continue to function to this day, dear reader !

More detailed information about the matrix of the Universe can be obtained by reading the articles on the website in the “Egyptology” section - Secret knowledge of the Egyptian priests about the matrix of the Universe. Part one. Pythagoras, Tetractys and the god Ptah and the Secret knowledge of the Egyptian priests about the matrix of the Universe. Part two. Nomes of Egypt.

You can help the development of our project by clicking the “Donate” button in the upper right corner of the main page of the site or transfer funds from any terminal to our account if you wish - Yandex Money - 410011416569382" in 17 books, which serves as the best source for studying the geography of the ancient world. Strabo was from Strabo and was the earliest teacher and inspirer of Strabo. ; the fact is that Aristotle’s followers were also interested in geography and inherited from their teacher some general provisions on this subject. The greatest influence on Strabo was the Stoics with their real-ethical understanding of Homer's poems. In this regard, Polybius served as the closest model for Strabo. Strabo continued the work of Polybius in the extensive historical work “Historical Notes,” which consisted of 43 books: events of Roman history, starting with the destruction of Carthage (146 BC) and ending, probably, with the Battle of Actium (31 BC) , formed the subject of this work, which has not reached us, but is mentioned by Strabo in his “Geography”. In his writings, Strabo also repeatedly referred to Artemidorus of Ephesus, who lived shortly before him. Strabo did not quickly gain fame; but later antiquity highly revered him as a geographer par excellence, and Strabo’s plateau, with only minor changes at the edges, was maintained until the 5th century AD . Internet link address – Strabo– Wikipedia –

Sarcophagus, internal corridors, unloading chambers, solar boat, companion pyramids, queen's treasures.

The diagonal of one of the faces of the Cheops pyramid is directed along the meridian exactly to the North Pole, and with an error less than that of the Paris Observatory. In addition, the pyramids “reflect” the location of the constellation Orion, and the top of the Great Pyramid looks exactly at the North Star.

The Great Pyramid consists of three chambers, which corresponded to the three stages of its construction. Pharaoh wanted to have a ready-made tomb at his disposal at any time.

The first chamber is carved into the rock at a depth of approximately 30 m below the base; it is not located exactly in its center.

The area of ​​the chamber is 8 x 14 m, height - 3.5 m. This chamber, like the second, remained unfinished.

The second chamber is located in the core of the pyramid, exactly below its top, at a height of about 20 m above the base of the structure. Its area is 5.7 x 5.2 m. The vaulted ceiling reaches a height of 6.7 m. Previously, it was called the queen’s tomb.

The third chamber was the tomb of the pharaoh. She is the only one of all three that is complete. It was in this room that the sarcophagus was found. This chamber was built 42.2 m above the base, slightly south of the pyramid's axis. The length of this room from east to west is 10.4 m, from north to south - 5.2 m. The ceiling height reaches 5.8 m.

Pharaoh's tomb

This room was magnificently tiled with immaculately fitted granite slabs. The ceiling is formed by nine monoliths, the weight of which is 400 tons. Above the ceiling there are 5 unloading chambers, the total height of which is 17 m. The uppermost one ends with a gable roof, constructed from huge blocks that bear the weight of approximately 1,000,000 tons of stone mass and are designed so that it does not press directly on the burial room.

According to one theory, the pyramids are the most powerful energy center of the Earth. They say that the meridian on which the top of the Cheops pyramid is located divides the surface of land and sea equally. The parallel passing through the center of the pyramid also divides the planet into two equal parts according to the amount of water and land.

All three chambers have so-called hallways, connected by corridors or shafts. Some shafts in the lower chambers end in a dead end. They were hewn into the stonework at a later time. Two such shafts are laid from the royal tomb to the surface of the pyramid and come out almost in the middle of the northern and southern walls. We do not know their original purpose, but undoubtedly, among other things, they were supposed to provide ventilation.

At first, after construction, the entrance to the pyramid was located on the north side at a height of 25 m above the base. Nowadays, the pyramid can be entered from another entrance, located approximately 15 m below the original one, almost in the very middle of the northern side. You have to walk crouching along a narrow and low horizontal corridor 40 m long, since it was not cut through for the convenience of numerous tourists and is the result of the long labors of ancient robbers.

At the end of this corridor there is a wooden staircase, climbing which the visitor will find himself in a low granite room, which is something like a hallway. Entering it, a person finds himself in the very heart of the pyramid.

The Great Gallery is a unique structure, even on the scale of a grandiose structure such as the Great Pyramid. Its length seems endless, as the polished walls reflect the light of the electric lamps installed recently and illuminate the room, like ancient metal plates. Thanks to this effect, the entrance rectangle is completely lost from sight.

The length of the gallery is 47 m and the height is 8.5 m. The elevation angle is 26°. Limestone facing slabs are laid on top of each other in 8 layers, each subsequent layer extends 5-6 cm beyond the previous one.

Even with modern technology, pyramids would be very difficult to build. Japanese enthusiasts tried to work using ancient technologies, but this also turned out to be an impossible task. The mounds for raising the blocks were supposed to be huge, like the pyramid itself, but they collapsed under their own weight.

The sarcophagus is wider than the entrance to the burial chamber. It is carved from a single piece of brown-gray granite, there is no date or inscription on it, and the whole thing is quite badly damaged. The sarcophagus stands directly on the floor in the western corner of the chamber. Most likely, no one ever moved it from its place. It looks like it was cast from metal. Naturally, not a trace remains of the person for whose eternal peace it was intended.

Construction around the Cheops pyramid

The Great Pyramid is surrounded by equally labor-intensive and expensive buildings. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus, describing the 18-meter-high road leading from the upper (mortuary) to the lower temple and lined with polished slabs, said that the work on its construction was almost as enormous as the construction of the pyramid itself.

Currently, only a few meters of this road remain. Lepsius and some other Egyptologists were lucky enough to find its remains with fragments of decorative reliefs. The road was razed to the ground at the end of the 19th century during the construction of the village of Nazlat es-Simman, which, like Giza, is now part of Greater Cairo.

The lower temple once stood on the territory of this village. It was distinguished by its extraordinary beauty, rising 30 m above the ground. Most likely, people destroyed it in ancient times, seduced by the excellent building material.

Of the numerous buildings that once surrounded the pyramid of Cheops, only the ruins of the upper (mortuary) temple, as well as three satellite pyramids, have now survived. Footprints upper temple discovered by Egyptian explorer Abu Seif in 1939. After World War II, these excavations were completed by Lauer.

Traditionally, the temple was located east of the pyramid. The length of its pediment was 100 Egyptian cubits (about 52 m). It was built from Tours limestone. There were 38 square granite pillars in the temple courtyard. In the vestibule in front of the small shrine there were 12 more similar pillars.

On both sides of the sanctuary, at a distance of approximately 10 m, archaeologists discovered two so-called docks, carved out of a limestone plateau, in which, apparently, they were stored. solar boats. A third such dock was found to the left of the road leading to the lower temple.

All three discovered docks were, unfortunately, empty. However, in 1954, fate gave archaeologists an unexpected gift in the form of two more similar docks. One of them turned out to be a room for an excellently preserved boat, which today is the oldest ship in the world. Its length reached 44 m, and it was made of cedar.

After extraction, the boat was preserved and placed in a specially built pavilion located near the pyramid.

Pyramids - companions

The satellite pyramids, like the temple, are located east of the Great Pyramid. It should be noted that they were usually built south of the main tomb. Most likely, religious traditions were violated due to the difficulties associated with the terrain. The pyramids stand in height from north to south. The side of the square base of the first pyramid is 49.5, the second - 49, the third - 46.9 m.

Each of the companion pyramids had a stone fence, a funeral chapel and a burial chamber with a room that served as an entrance hall, into which a steep shaft led. According to the most common hypothesis, these pyramids were intended for the wives of Cheops. The first of them, the so-called main one, according to ancient tradition, was obviously his sister.

All three satellite pyramids are well preserved, having lost only the outer cladding. Underground structures and the surrounding area were thoroughly examined.

According to some information, it was planned to build a larger one to the east of the first pyramid, but its construction was stopped even before the completion of work in the burial chamber. Reisner theorized that it must have served as a tomb for Cheops' mother Hetepheres (Sneferu's wife), since the tomb in which she was originally buried was looted shortly after the queen's death.

Treasures of the Queen's Tomb

T. Fisanovich
Secrets of the ancient pyramids

Great Pyramids at Giza. Pyramids of Egypt.

Pyramids of Sneferu
Great Pyramids
Internal structure of the Cheops pyramid
Pyramid of Khafre
Pyramid of Menkaure
Great Sphinx
The oldest information about the Great Pyramids
Secrets of the Great Pyramids

The check showed that the stones (from which the pyramid is made) are 8000 years old. And Cheops lived no earlier than 4000 years ago. 80 centuries ago people were still learning how to smelt bronze. Who built the pyramids in the desert? And there are the same ones on Mars. (http://svetorussie.narod.ru/MARS/Piramidy_i_lico_na_Marse.htm)
30.05.09 Crazy God

I think it has long been clear that the pyramids were built long before the Egyptians highly developed civilization. they were only able to use it as a grave)))
28.03.09 ali-balala

It looks like another rehash of interpretations on the topic “what Herodotus meant.” And in his text it says, if you look not at the translations and translations from translations, not “mechanisms,” but “devices made from short pieces of wood.” In all respects, the simplest “sleepers” of E. Diomedi are suitable for what the builders Sneferu and Khufu actually used.
Moreover, it is fundamentally impossible to use any individual numerous “mechanisms” in their conditions: they are inadequately slow and on the masonry ledges (their width at best is 80 - 70 cm) it is unacceptably cramped for them and working with them. And any attempts to expand them lead to stone-earth and transport work on a larger scale than for the Pyramid itself.
06.12.08 Rustem

If anyone is interested in exact numbers (and they are more impressive than volumes of general doxologies): F. Petrie identified the following royal cubit (no need to find fault with the fourth and further digits after the decimal point, this is the arithmetic average of measurements on the ground): 524.0524 plus or minus 0 ,1016 mm. Multiply by 280 and 440 - and you get the DESIGN (i.e., theoretically desired by their creators) overall dimensions of the Cheops pyramid. But here are the base lengths they actually got: 230,358 mm, 230,251 mm, 230,391 mm and 230,583 mm. Angles between them: 89 degrees 59 minutes 58 seconds, 90 g 03 m 02 s, 89 g 56 m 27 s, 90 g 00 m 33 s.
15.12.06 Rustem

They write that it is ideally located on the north-south line... How do you understand whether the diagonal of the base is located in the north-south or the middle line of the base? :(
22.05.06 , [email protected], Vlas

How to make a mini-pyramid at home? :) how many centimeters of height do you need to make? =)
22.05.06 , [email protected], Vlas

How to position the pyramid relative to the milky way? Can you help?
23.04.06 , [email protected], Dmitriy

well idiots...
05.04.06 , burning

there is a useful little book by Peter Tomkins, “The Secrets of the Great Pyramid”, and “The Secret Doctrine”, of course
27.01.06 , [email protected] yuri

Eternal PYRAMIDS!!! The eternal theme is to solve their riddle... It would be nice if the information was even closer to the truth, otherwise, wherever you read about PYRAMIDS, there are different numbers everywhere. Of course, it’s 240 meters or 220, there’s almost no difference, but even if they can’t measure it accurately, then how can we talk about everything else. By the way, about the SPHINX. Some fairly respectable articles define its length as 73 meters and its height as 15 meters, while in other articles it is 50 meters and 20 meters, respectively. Sorry, this is no longer a small matter. Where is the TRUTH?
19.01.06 , Alex

Look, build a new one :) That’s a lot of concrete needed! Who will pay?
14.01.06 , Alexander

The Cheops Pyramid is the most fascinating and most terrible thing that can happen to a person... Its CRAZY size leaves an indelible impression on the subconscious of a person who spends more time in it than expected... I am drawn to it... to its mysteries... I want to go to her.....
19.11.05 , Kelly

Not bad, make more pictures/photos and more mesmerizing design...
19.11.05 , Kelly

For 15 years I have been deciphering the proportions of the Cheops pyramid - I called it the “Divine Scheme”, to which many ancient monuments are subordinate
31.10.05 , [email protected] plescom

The pyramid is a tool for entering a communication channel through which you can obtain information about the future and the past. The dimensions and proportions of the Cheops pyramid correspond to the Fibonacci numbers (L-233, H-147 (d.b. 144, mass ~ 57,000,000 tons, d.b. 56,470,871 tons). Zero fractal or golden ratio. Everything living and non-living is subordinated this or other number series. In nature, there are no sizes and proportions. The structure of objects is in a completely strict numerical series. The parameters of the pyramid affect biological processes in the human body, affect the organs of perception. The pyramid interacts with the gravitational, spatial and temporal parameters of the earth, the nearest and deep space. A person who finds himself inside a pyramid within a few hours (up to 24 hours) acquires knowledge about the past and present. Napoleon Bonaparte was one of three people in Europe who spent 24 hours in the pyramid. Their impressions and new knowledge are like those of people who came into contact with the fact that a person does not have the right to know, cannot be explained from the standpoint of modern science. All three Europeans experienced what people who visited Tibet experienced. There is an opinion that the Tibetan mountains and the pyramids of Egypt are connected with each other, that some mountains of Tibet are of artificial origin and are essentially pyramids, but only much larger in size. The colossal mass of the pyramid, the absence of vibration and sound inside the pyramid (the chambers of the pyramid) should greatly influence the human psyche and change its functioning.
26.09.05 , [email protected], Valriy

write to me please who was the first to enter the pyramid of Cheops
07.05.05 , [email protected], Sancho

What a pyramid!!! The construction of the pyramids was carried out by the Egyptians. And there is no point in flattering anyone else there. These are not just beautiful figures - this is their life.
13.03.05 , Nati

We kindly ask everyone who likes this topic to send me links on this topic. Thank you in advance [email protected]
21.12.04 , [email protected], Alyona

Why not build a super pyramid now, so that archaeologists will have something to do in the future?
06.12.04 ,LI

And I want a pyramid!!!
29.10.04 , Vika

But how to build a pyramid for yourself, a living person, because somewhere you came across descriptions... Or is this all nonsense? Maybe you need a scale? And important...
29.03.04 , [email protected], Alexander