Money is like water, the origin of phraseological units. Phraseologisms. Phraseological dictionaries

How beautiful is human speech when it contains not only dry everyday phrases, but bright metaphorical images, rhetorical figures and other means of artistic expression! An equally important role is played by catchphrases - special combinations of words that differ in their semantic connotation in the culture of each nation.

Phraseologisms - what are they?

The art of speaking and thinking beautifully has been valued at all times. The use of phraseological units gives liveliness and figurativeness to speech, so all people turn to them. Catch phrases are included in a special section of the Russian language; they are eagerly studied by specialists with a philological education. Phraseologisms are stable combinations of words, the meaning of which is understandable only in the specific language in which they appear. As a rule, they can be replaced with an everyday phrase with a non-metaphorical meaning.

Phraseology in our time

Today we use catchphrases without even thinking about it. Each of them requires at least two words. Phraseologisms are usually divided into neutral ( New Year, point of view), bookish (two-faced Janus, Pandemonium of Babel), colloquial leading by the nose, making eyes) and colloquial (scratching tongues, complete fool).

You need to know the meaning of catchphrases so that your statement sounds appropriate in any situation. You should not use them in your speech when talking with foreigners, since they will not be able to independently guess their meaning and it will seem strange to them that you are “nodding your nose”, “biting your tongue”, being “out of your element”, “hanging your ears” .

Russian and foreign phraseological units

Today we use catchphrases in speech without thinking about the sources of their origin. Having heard an analogue in another language, it is difficult for us to understand it the first time, because cultural characteristics All countries are individual. This happens because phraseological units are stable combinations of words that carry not a direct, but a metaphorical meaning.

IN English language There is an expression “to pay through the nose” - it will not be easy for a foreigner to guess that it carries the meaning of “paying a lot of money”. Phraseologism "to wipe your nose" in European countries means "to deceive someone." In Russia, a similar catchphrase is used in cases where one person wants to prove his superiority over another. The English expressions “up to your ears in something” (we are up to your ears in work), “to have cold feet” (to be a coward), “to be soft on the head” (stupid) are also phraseological units. Examples of such stable combinations of words can be found in other languages. Many of them appeared thanks to cultural heritage Ancient Greece and Rome.

The origin of phraseological units from Antiquity

Stories from mythological tales formed the basis of the unwritten culture of many countries. Favorite heroes were Hercules with his twelve labors, Achilles, ancient gods and goddesses, as well as ordinary people. For many thousands of years, proverbs, sayings, riddles, fables, and phraseological units have been passed on from mouth to mouth. This has helped the current generation to respect the heritage of past centuries and do everything possible to preserve it.

Today, the “Achilles heel” can be called the weak spot of any person. Delving into the etymology of the phraseological unit, one can reveal that according to legend, the mother of the beloved hero dipped him in infancy into the River Styx, taking him by the heel. Achilles became strong and invincible, but his enemies found out about his only vulnerable spot and took his life. The arrow pierced his heel - and that’s how the hero died.

"Balshazzar's feast" is a magnificent event, after which disaster soon occurs. We owe this phraseology to the ancient myth of Babylon. King Belshazzar arranged a feast with a variety of dishes, dancing and other fun. However, in the midst of the celebration, a fiery hand appeared in the hall and wrote a warning on the wall, which said that, by decision of the gods, the Persians would put an end to his reign. The prediction came true, and the king was killed at night, and the city disappeared from the face of the earth forever.

The origin of phraseological units can be traced not only to legends with fictional characters. Many are based on stories involving historical figures, writers and philosophers. Diogenes, belonging to the school of Cynics who renounced all earthly passions, lived in a wooden barrel, proving his disdain for everyday life. One day Alexander the Great appeared to him and promised to fulfill any wish, to which the philosopher, after thinking, replied: “Move away, you are blocking the sun for me.” This is how the phraseology “Diogenes’ barrel” came about.

The Russian language is rightfully considered the most perfect, beautiful and rich language in the world, which has absorbed, along with the authentic culture of more than 200 peoples of the Russian world, the best elements of Western and Eastern cultural traditions.

Our language is one of the basic elements of the entire Russian civilization, therefore, in order to be fully considered Russian, we must be able to use it well and master the entire wealth of concepts and expressions of the Russian language no worse than Pushkin, Gogol and Dostoevsky.

We present to your attention the first part of the TOP-50 most interesting phraseological units of the Russian language with their original and current meanings, as well as the history of origin:

1. Goal like a falcon

The expression means extreme poverty, need.

"Falcon"- this is a smoothly planed log of a battering ram, bound at the end with iron, which could be hand-held or wheeled and was used until the end of the 15th century to break holes in wooden palisades or fortress gates. The surface of this weapon was flat and smooth, i.e. "naked". The same term also denoted cylindrical tools: iron crowbar, pestle for grinding grain in a mortar, etc.

2. Arshin swallowed

An expression denoting a person standing at attention or adopting a majestic, arrogant pose with a straight back.

Arshin is an ancient Russian measure of length of 71 centimeters, widely used in sewing before the transition to the metric system of measures. Accordingly, craftsmen used wooden or metal yardsticks for measurements. If you swallow one, your posture will probably become phenomenal...

3. Scapegoat

This is the name given to a person who has been given all the blame for some kind of failure or failure.

An expression that goes back to the Bible. According to the ancient Jewish rite, on the day of remission of sins, the high priest placed his hands on the head of the goat and thereby placed on it the sins of the entire people of Israel. Then the goat was taken into the Judean desert and released so that it would forever bear the sins of the Jews.

4. Screams at the top of Ivanovo

The ensemble of Kremlin cathedrals in Moscow is decorated with the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, where all thirty bells were always rung on holidays. The ringing was extremely powerful and carried very far.

5. The Smoking Room is alive!

We remember this expression from the film “The meeting place cannot be changed” and it meant the joy of meeting a person who has gone through serious trials.

In fact, “smoking room” is an ancient children’s game in Rus'. The children sat in a circle and passed a burning torch to each other, saying: “The smoking room is alive, alive! The legs are thin, the soul is short.” The one in whose hands the torch went out left the circle. That is, a “smoking room” is a torch that burned weakly and “smoked” (smoke) in children’s hands.

In relation to a person, the expression was first used by the poet Alexander Pushkin in an epigram to the critic and journalist Mikhail Kachenovsky: “How! Is the Kurilka journalist still alive?..”

6. Clear out those Augean stables

Deal with an incredibly neglected mess of cyclopean proportions.

Goes back to the ancient Greek myths about Hercules. There lived in ancient Elis King Augeas, a passionate lover of horses, who kept three thousand horses in the stables, but did not clean the stalls for 30 years.

Hercules was sent to Augeas' service, to whom the king instructed to clean the stables for one day, which was impossible. The hero thought and directed the river waters into the gates of the stables, which carried out all the manure from there within a day. This act became the 6th labor of Hercules out of 12.

7. Bosom Friend

Now a positive expression denoting a long-time and trusted friend. Previously it was negative, because I meant drinking buddy.

The ancient expression “to pour on the Adam’s apple” meant “to get drunk”, “to drink alcohol.” This is where this phraseological unit was formed.

8. Get into trouble

Find yourself in an extremely uncomfortable or even dangerous position.

A prosak is a drum with teeth in a machine used to comb wool. If you got into a mess, you could easily get hurt and lose your arm.

9. Dirty place

And again, a biblical expression found in psalms and church prayers and denoting paradise, the heavenly kingdom. In secular usage it has acquired a negative connotation - “ hot places" began to be called bars, strip clubs, etc.

This refers to a place where cereals grow abundantly, from which the main food (bread) is prepared - a fertile field, the basis of prosperity.

10. Like Buridan's donkey

This means a person who is extremely indecisive.

It goes back to the famous example of the 14th century French philosopher Jean Buridan, who argued that people’s actions depend for the most part not on their own will, but on external circumstances. Illustrating his idea, he argued that a donkey, to the left and to the right of which two identical piles would be placed at equal distances, one of which would contain hay, and the other would have straw, would not be able to make a choice and would die of hunger.

11. Reach the handle

To completely descend, to lose human appearance and social skills.

In Ancient Rus', kalachi were baked not in round shapes, but in the shape of a castle with a round bow. Townspeople often bought kalachi and ate them right on the street, holding this bow like a hand. At the same time, for reasons of hygiene, the pen itself was not eaten, but was either given to the poor or thrown to the dogs. About those who did not disdain to eat it, they said: they got to the point.

12. Go easy on yourself

Find yourself in an uncomfortable and often shameful position.

In Rus', walking bareheaded in crowded places (excluding temples for men) was considered a disgrace. There was no greater shame for a person than having his hat torn off in a public place.

13. Shabby look

Untidy clothing, unshavenness and other signs of carelessness in appearance.

Under Tsar Peter I, the Yaroslavl linen manufactory of the merchant Zatrapeznikov began operating, producing silk and cloth that were in no way inferior in quality to the products of European workshops.

In addition, the manufactory also produced very cheap hemp striped fabric, which was nicknamed “shabby” after the merchant’s name. She went for mattresses, bloomers, sundresses, women's headscarves, work robes and shirts.

For rich people, a robe made from “trapeza” was home clothing, but for the poor, clothes made from this fabric were used “for going out.” A shabby appearance spoke of a person’s low social status.

14. Caliph for an hour

This is what they say about a person who accidentally and briefly finds himself in power.

The expression has Arabic roots. This is the name of the fairy tale from the collection “A Thousand and One Nights” - “A Daydream, or Caliph for an Hour.”

It tells how the young Baghdadian Abu-Ghassan, not knowing that the caliph Harun al-Rashid is in front of him, shares with him his cherished dream - to become a caliph at least for a day. Wanting to have fun, Harun al-Rashid pours sleeping pills into Abu Hassan’s wine, orders the servants to take the young man to the palace and treat him like a caliph.

The joke succeeds. Waking up, Abu Hassan believes that he is the caliph, enjoys luxury and begins to give orders. In the evening, he again drinks wine with sleeping pills and wakes up at home.

15. Knock you down

Make you lose the thread of a conversation, forget about something.

In Greece there is Mount Pantelic, famous in ancient times, where marble was mined for a long time. Accordingly, there were many caves, grottoes and passages, and once there, one could easily get lost.

16. I figured it out

Those. understood what kind of person he was, noticed a deception or discovered a secret.

The expression came to us from those times when coins made of precious metals were in use. The authenticity of the coins was checked by tooth, because precious metals without impurities were soft. If there is a dent on the coin, then it is real, and if not, it is fake.

17. The voice of one crying in the wilderness

This is what they say about someone whose sound thoughts and warnings they stubbornly refuse to listen to.

A biblical expression with roots in the prophecy of Isaiah and the Gospel of John. The prophets who predicted the imminent coming of the Savior called on the Jews to prepare for this day: to monitor their lives and correct it, becoming pious, and to be attentive to the gospel preaching. But the Jews did not heed these calls and crucified the Lord.

18. Bury talent in the ground

This means not using and not developing God-given abilities.

And again a reference to the Bible. Talent was the name given to the largest weight and monetary unit in Ancient Greece, Babylon, Persia and other regions of Asia Minor.

In the Gospel parable, one of the servants received money from the master and buried it, being afraid to invest it in a business that could bring both profit and loss. Upon the master's return, the servant returned the talent and was punished for the lost time and the profit lost by the master.

19. Tightened the rigmarole

I started some very long task and began to hesitate.

Gimp is the thinnest wire made of precious metals, which acquired rather the properties of a thread and was used to decorate camisoles, uniforms and dresses with beautiful complex patterns. It was necessary to pull the gimp on ever-shrinking jewelry rollers in several passes, which was a long process. Sewing with gimp is even less fast.

20. Brought to white heat

Angered me to the point of fury, uncontrollable rage.

Goes back to blacksmithing. When metal is heated during forging, it glows differently depending on the temperature: first red, then yellow and finally blinding white. At an even higher temperature, the metal will already melt and boil.

21. Soap Opera

This is what they call a television series with a trivial plot.

The fact is that in the 30s in America they began to produce multi-part (at that time still radio) programs for housewives with melodramatic plots. They were created with money from soap and detergent manufacturers, who advertised their products during breaks.

22. Good riddance!

Nowadays this is how they kick out an annoying guest or visitor. Previously, the meaning was the opposite - a wish for a good journey.

In one of Ivan Aksakov’s poems you can read about a road that is “straight as an arrow, with a wide surface that spreads like a tablecloth.” Knowing our spaces, people wanted an unhindered and easy path.

23. Egyptian plagues

Heavy punishments, disasters, torments that have fallen.

Biblical story from the book of Exodus. For Pharaoh’s refusal to release the Jews from captivity, the Lord subjected Egypt to terrible punishments - the ten plagues of Egypt: blood instead of water, execution by frogs, an invasion of midges, dog flies, cattle pestilence, ulcers and boils, thunder, lightning and hail fire, an invasion of locusts, darkness and death. firstborn in Egyptian families.

24. Do your bit

Invest part of your labor, skills or money into creating something important, big.

There is a well-known biblical story about two mites of a poor widow, which she donated to the activities of the Jerusalem Temple. The lepta is one of the smallest coins of that time in the Roman Empire. Two mites were the widow’s only money, donating which she remained hungry until the evening. Therefore, her sacrifice turned out to be the largest of all.

25. Sing Lazarus

Beat people up, beg, try to play on sympathy.

The parable of the rich man and Lazarus is told by the Savior in the Gospel. Lazarus was poor and lived at the gate of the rich man's house. Lazarus ate the leftover food of the rich man along with the dogs and suffered all sorts of hardships, but after death he went to heaven, while the rich man ended up in hell.

Professional beggars in Russia often begged on the steps of churches, comparing themselves to the biblical Lazarus, although they often lived much better. That's why attempts to make people feel sorry for them are called that way.

Andrey Szegeda

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The Russian language is so mobile and flexible that it allows you to use many special speech techniques: proverbs, sayings, metaphors and much more. Separately, I would like to talk about what a phraseological unit is.

Phraseologisms are phrases whose meaning can embellish speech and give it a special emotional connotation. A phraseological phrase is indivisible in meaning, that is, it has a common meaning of all the words included in it. Each word separately does not carry such an information load. It is better to consider examples with an explanation of phraseological units.

The horse didn't lie

Ordinary speech would be dry and less emotional if there were no special lexical units in it - phraseological units. For example, you could say, “I felt really angry.” Or you can say it this way: “I was as angry as a dog.” The listener has completely different associative images in his mind. The brain perceives the image of an angry dog instantly, at the level of a reflex. Life experience accumulated in the subconscious takes its toll.

Or this example of a phrase: “I have not yet started doing the intended work.” It sounds much better: “I haven’t had a horse lying around yet.” For a foreigner to understand this is a real headache! What kind of horse and why didn’t he lie down? And a Russian person instantly grasps the essence of the speaker’s problem.

Phraseologism "one foot here - the other - there" very often used in speech. It is literally impossible for a person's legs to be in the same position at the same time. different places! But it means that the speaker is already on the way and is rushing very quickly and is about to arrive at the right place.

Interesting observation. Phraseological phrases sometimes reduce the severity of perception of a negative action and enhance the positive.

Whose authorship?

Many people think about origin of set expressions. Phraseologisms have no authors. Or so, the authors are the people. In the process of life and accumulation of experience, people apply their knowledge, transforming it into new forms.

The origin of bright figures of speech is also associated with literary and historical facts. Everyone has an idea about the exploits of Hercules, and in particular about one of them - how quickly the strong man was able to clear the stables of King Augeas. The hero showed resourcefulness and quickly dealt with an extremely difficult task. He accomplished the seemingly impossible! So it was customary for the people to say: “I’ll go clean up the Augean stables...” Or: “What a good fellow, he cleaned the Augean stables!”

In addition to the “lying horse”, an interesting phrase is about "buried dog". Example: “So that’s where the dog is buried!” This means that a solution has finally been found to a problem or issue that has been nagging for a long time. The topic of the origin of popular expressions with this animal is very popular. There are stories of dogs whose graves served as a kind of memory for their owners (they were lost, and then found).

In Russian speech, everyone who deserves punishment is “poured on the first day.” This came from a school where students were caned. The punishment was effective and the student behaved well until the start of the next month of school (until the 1st).

Let's go through phraseological units

Introducing a small list of figures of speech for reference. They are most often used in relation to a specific person:

Phraseologisms in sentences

There is also many other catchphrases. It's interesting to look at examples.

It's time to wash your hands of it. This sentence means that the time has come to step away from the problem, to indicate your non-involvement in it.
In life, he liked to “go with the flow.” The hero is passive and lived according to the will of circumstances, without resisting them in any way.
My worries are a dime a dozen. There is a lot to do.
Relatives came to visit - “the seventh water on jelly.” Here the degree of relationship is very blurred, there is no way to figure out who belongs to whom and by whom.
He got married according to the principle “don’t drink water off your face.” This sad story, here is an attempt to love the inner world of a person, implying that not everything is in order with his appearance.
See you "after the rain on Thursday." This sentence has the meaning: we will never see each other, and it also shows a disdainful attitude towards the person.
In his stories he liked to “build up the atmosphere.” Here we are talking about a person who clearly exaggerates the complexity and horror of events in his narratives, heating up the situation.
We left home “without a sip.” The meaning of the phraseological unit: I had to return without earnings, profit or any other result previously planned.

The given examples show how vividly, briefly and succinctly phraseological units can characterize some situations. They also add nuances of sound and semantic accents to speech. Origin may not matter. Moreover, the lexical meaning of phraseological units is integral and is perceived as a short signal of an associative series stored in human memory.

About labor

Let's talk about phraseological units that mention job or profession. People have written a lot of sayings, fables and other lexical forms about work. Let us give examples of phraseological units and their meanings.

Phraseologisms for children

Work and acquaintance with phraseological units starts already at school. Children are taught to understand set expressions and be able to explain them. In their native speech lessons, younger schoolchildren practice constructing statements using phraseological units. In this way, they enrich their vocabulary and vocabulary knowledge. Children learn to explain phraseological units with one short word or related phrase.

Phraseologisms are simple enough to understand and remember, according to the age of children junior school. Let's look at examples:

shut your mouth (shut up);
keep your mouth shut (keep a secret);
not to believe your ears (to be surprised by what you hear);
nod off (fall asleep);
lead by the nose (deceive);
fly headlong (run quickly) and others.

The use of phraseological units in elementary school contributes to their development "sense of language", inherent in the Russian person. Forms imaginative thinking, the speed of creating thought forms. Aphorisms are compiled from pictures or work is done with texts.

In Russian language lessons, students complete written assignments in which they replace phraseological units with one word (insert the missing word).

In literary reading lessons, they learn to compare images of fairy-tale characters with phraseological phrases. For example, Emelya - “lies and doesn’t blow a breath”.

When studying mathematics, they analyze stable phrases: “square head”, “two inches from the pot” and others.

Phraseological units are applicable in various fields of activity, areas of knowledge, and life situations. The main thing is to understand their meaning! A true connoisseur of the Russian language will definitely use catchphrases in his speech, both for his own pleasure (he will create a picture) and for a “cunning catchphrase.”

Phraseologisms They call stable combinations of words, figures of speech like:

"beat the buck"
"hang your nose"
"dress down"...

A figure of speech, which is called a phraseological unit, cannot be divided by meaning.

Its meaning does not consist of the meanings of its constituent words.
It only works as a single unit, a lexical unit.

The meaning of phraseological units is to give an emotional coloring to an expression, to enhance its meaning.

Signs of phraseological units

Phraseologisms usually do not tolerate the replacement of words and their rearrangements, for which they are also called stable phrases.

At all costs, you cannot say, at all costs, or at all costs, but take care of it like the pupil of your eye instead of cherish it like the apple of your eye.

There are, of course, exceptions: to rack your brains or rack your brains, to be taken by surprise and to be taken by surprise, but such cases are rare.

Many phraseological units can be easily replaced with one word:

headlong - quickly
close at hand - close

The most important feature of phraseological units is their figurative and figurative meaning.

Often a direct expression turns into a figurative one, expanding the shades of its meaning:

Bursting at the seams - from the tailor's speech it acquired a broader meaning - to fall into decay.
Confuse - from the speech of railway workers it has passed into general use in the sense of causing confusion.

Examples of phraseological units and their meanings:

to beat the knuckles - to mess around
To overeat henbane - to go berserk (applies to people who do stupid things
After the rain on Thursday - never
Anika the warrior - a braggart, brave only in words, far from danger
Give a head wash (bath) - soap your neck, head - strongly scold
A white crow is a person who stands out sharply from the environment due to certain qualities
Living like a Biryuk means being gloomy and not communicating with anyone.
Throw down the gauntlet - challenge someone to an argument, competition (although no one throws down the gloves)
A wolf in sheep's clothing - evil people pretending to be good, hiding under the guise of meekness
Having your head in the clouds - blissfully dreaming, fantasizing about who knows what
The soul sank to the ground - a man who was afraid, afraid
Don't spare your belly - sacrifice your life
Notch it on the nose - remember it firmly
Making a molehill out of a molehill - turning a small fact into a whole event
On a silver platter - get what you want with honor, without much effort
At the edge of the earth - somewhere very far away
In seventh heaven - to be in complete delight, in a state of supreme bliss
You can’t see anything - it’s so dark that you can’t see the paths, paths
To rush headlong - to act recklessly, with desperate determination
Eat a pound of salt - get to know each other well
Good riddance - go away, we can do without you
Roll up your sleeves - work hard, diligently

Phraseologisms with the word “WATER”

A storm in a teacup - big worries over an insignificant reason
It is written with a pitchfork on the water - it is not yet known how it will be, the outcome is not clear, by analogy: “grandmother said in two”
You can't spill water - great friends, about strong friendship
Carrying water in a sieve means wasting time, doing useless things. Similarly: pounding water in a mortar.
He took water into his mouth - he remains silent and does not want to answer
Carry water (on someone) - burden him with hard work, taking advantage of his flexible nature
Bring to light - expose dark deeds, convict in a lie
Get away with it - remain unpunished, without bad consequences
Money is like water - meaning the ease with which it is spent
Blowing on water after being burned by milk means being too careful, remembering past mistakes
How he looked into the water - as if he knew in advance, foresaw, accurately predicted events
How he sank into the water - disappeared, disappeared without a trace, disappeared without a trace
Like being submerged in water - sad, sad
Like water through your fingers - the one who easily escapes persecution
Like two drops of water - very similar, indistinguishable
If you don’t know the ford, don’t go into the water - a warning not to take hasty actions
Like a fish in water - to feel confident, to navigate very well, to understand something well,
Like water off a duck's back - a person doesn't care about anything
A lot of water has passed under the bridge since then - a lot of time has passed
Carrying water in a sieve is a waste of time
The seventh water on jelly is a very distant relationship
Hiding loose ends - hiding traces of a crime
Quieter than water, lower than the grass - behave modestly, unnoticed
Pounding water in a mortar is a useless task.

Phraseologisms with the word “NOS”

It is interesting that in phraseological units the word nose practically does not reveal its main meaning.
Nose- the organ of smell, however, in stable phrases the nose is associated primarily with the idea of something small, short.

Remember the fairy tale about Kolobok?

When the Fox needed Kolobok to come within her reach and get closer, she asks him to sit on her nose.
However, the word nose does not always refer to the organ of smell.

Nose - it also has other meanings:

To mutter under one's breath - to grumble, grumpily, mutter indistinctly.
Lead by the nose - this phrase came to us from Central Asia. Visitors are often surprised how small children manage to cope with huge camels. The animal obediently follows the child as he reassures him. The fact is that the rope is threaded through a ring located in the camel’s nose. Here you want it, you don’t want it, but you have to obey! Rings were also put into the noses of bulls to make their disposition more docile. If a person deceives someone or does not fulfill his promise, then he is also said to be “led by the nose.”
To turn one's nose up means to be unjustifiably proud of something, to boast.
Notch on the nose - Notch on the nose means: remember firmly, once and for all. It seems to many that this was said not without cruelty: it is not very pleasant if you are offered to make a notch on your own face. Unnecessary fear. The word nose here does not mean the organ of smell at all, but just a memorial tablet, a tag for notes. In ancient times, illiterate people always carried such tablets with them and made all kinds of notes on them with notches and cuts. These tags were called noses.
Nodding off means falling asleep.
Curious Varvara's nose was torn off at the market - don't interfere in someone else's business.
On the nose - this is how they talk about something that is about to happen.
Not seeing beyond your own nose means not noticing your surroundings.
Don't poke your nose into someone else's business - in this way they want to show that a person is overly, inappropriately curious, interfering in what he shouldn't.
Nose to nose - on the contrary, close.
Keep your nose in the wind - in the glorious times of the sailing fleet, movement on the sea was completely dependent on the direction of the wind and the weather. No wind, calm - and the sails drooped, more like a rag. A nasty wind blows into the bow of the ship - you have to think not about sailing, but about dropping all the anchors, that is, “standing at anchor” and removing all the sails so that the air flow does not throw the ship ashore. To go out to sea, a fair wind was required, which inflated the sails and directed the ship forward into the sea. The vocabulary of sailors associated with this received imagery and entered our literary language. Now “keeping your nose to the wind” - in a figurative sense, means adapting to any circumstances. “Drop anchor”, “become anchored” - stop in motion, settle somewhere; “Sitting by the sea and waiting for the weather” is an inactive expectation of change; “In full sail” - move towards the intended goal at full speed, as quickly as possible; Wishing someone a “fair wind” means wishing them good luck.
Hanging his nose or Hanging his nose - if suddenly a person is depressed or just sad, it happens about him that they say that he seems to be “hanging his nose,” and they can also add: “by a fifth.” Quinta, translated from Latin, means “fifth.” Musicians, or more precisely, violinists, call this the first string of a violin (the highest one). When playing, the violinist usually supports his instrument with his chin and his nose almost touches this string closest to him. The expression “hanging your nose on a fifth,” perfected among musicians, entered fiction.
I was left with my nose - without what I was counting on.
Right under your nose - close.
To show your nose is to tease someone by putting your thumb to your nose and waving your other finger.
With a gulkin's nose - very little (a gulkin is a dove, a dove has a small beak).
To poke your nose into other people's affairs is to be interested in other people's affairs.
To leave with your nose - the roots of the expression “to leave with your nose” are lost in the distant past. In the old days, bribery was very common in Rus'. Neither in institutions nor in court was it possible to achieve a positive decision without an offering, a gift. Of course, these gifts, hidden by the petitioner somewhere under the floor, were not called the word “bribe.” They were politely called "bring" or "nose". If the manager, judge or clerk took the “nose”, then one could be sure that the case would be resolved favorably. In case of refusal (and this could happen if the gift seemed small to the official or the offering from the opposite party had already been accepted), the petitioner went home with his “nose”. In this case, there was no hope for success. Since then, the words “to go away with your nose” have come to mean “to suffer defeat, fail, lose, stumble, without achieving anything.
Wipe your nose - if you manage to surpass someone, they say that you wiped your nose.
To bury your nose is to immerse yourself completely in some activity.
Well-fed, drunk and with tobacco on his nose - means a satisfied and satisfied person with everything.
Phraseologisms with the word “MOUTH, LIPS”
The word mouth is included in a number of phraseological units, the meanings of which are associated with the process of speaking. Food enters the human body through the mouth - a number of stable expressions one way or another indicate this function of the mouth. There are not many phraseological units with the word lip.
You can't put it in your mouth - they say if the food is cooked tasteless.
Lip is not a fool - they say about a person who knows how to choose the best.
Silencing someone means preventing them from speaking.
Porridge in the mouth - a person speaks slurred.
There was no poppy dew in the mouth - this means that the person has not eaten for a long time and needs to be fed urgently.
The milk on the lips has not dried - they say if they want to show that someone is still young and inexperienced.
Taking water into your mouth means silencing yourself.
To pout your lips means to be offended.
To open your mouth is to freeze in amazement at something that has captured your imagination.
Your mouth is full of trouble - they say when there are so many things to do that you don’t have time to cope with them.
A wide open mouth is a sign of surprise.

Phraseologisms with the word “HAND”

To be at hand - to be available, to be in close proximity
Warm your hands - take advantage of the position
To hold in hands - not to give free rein, to hold in strict obedience
As if taken off by hand, it quickly disappeared, passed
Carry in your arms - provide special affection, attention, appreciate, pamper
Working hard - working hard
Turning up your arm means accidentally being nearby
To fall under the hot hand means to run into a bad mood
The hand does not rise - it is in no way possible to perform the action due to an internal prohibition
Hand in hand - holding hands, together, together
Hand washes hand - people connected by common interests protect each other
I can't get my hands on it - I just don't have the energy or time to do anything.
Hands itch - about a great desire to do something
Just a stone's throw away - very close, very close
Grasp with both hands - agree with pleasure with some proposal
To rake in the heat with someone else's hands - to enjoy the fruits of someone else's work
Golden hands - about someone who skillfully, skillfully does everything, copes with any job

Phraseologisms with the word “HEAD”

Wind in the head is an unreliable person.
It slipped my mind - I forgot.
My head is spinning - there are too many things to do, responsibilities, information.
Giving your head to be cut off means promising.
Out of the blue - unexpected.
To fool one's head is to deceive, to divert from the essence of the matter.
Don't lose your head - be responsible for your actions.
Examine from head to toe - everything, carefully, carefully.
Headlong - risky.
If they don't pat you on the head, they'll scold you.
From a sore head to a healthy one - blame someone else.
Upside down - the opposite.
To rack your brains over a task is to think hard.
Headlong - very quickly.

Phraseologisms with the word "EAR"

The word ear is included in phraseological units that are somehow related to hearing. Harsh words primarily affect the ears. In many established expressions, the word ears does not mean the organ of hearing, but only its outer part. I wonder if you can see your ears? Using a mirror in this case is not allowed!

Keep your eyes open - a person is tensely waiting for danger. Vostry is an old form of the word acute.
Prick up your ears - listen carefully. A dog's ears are pointed and the dog erects its ears when listening. This is where the phraseological unit arose.
You can't see your ears - they say about a person who will never get what he wants.
To plunge head over heels into something - they say to a person if he is completely absorbed in some activity. You can be deeply in debt – if there are a lot of debts.
Blushed to the ears - they say when a person is very embarrassed.
Loose ears - this is what they say about a person who listens to someone too trustingly.
Listening with all your ears means listening carefully.
Listen with half an ear or listen out of the corner of your ear - listen without much attention.
Ears wither - it’s extremely disgusting to listen to anything.
It hurts the ears - they say when something is unpleasant to listen to.

Phraseologisms with the word “TOOTH”

There are quite a large number of stable expressions with the word tooth in the Russian language. Among them there is a noticeable group of phraseological units in which teeth act as a kind of weapon of defense or attack, threat. The word tooth is also used in phraseological units denoting various deplorable human conditions.

To be in the teeth is to impose, to bother.
Armed to the teeth - they say about a person who is dangerous to attack, because he can give a worthy rebuff.
Talking with your teeth is a distraction.
Tit for tat - abusive (tendency to abuse), unyielding, “as it comes back, so it will respond.”
A tooth doesn't touch a tooth - they say if someone is frozen from extreme cold or from trembling, excitement, or fear.
To give a tooth is to mock, to ridicule someone.
To eat with a tooth - to drive, to squeeze.
To bare your teeth is to mock.
Eating teeth means gaining experience.
Scratching your teeth means talking nonsense, nonsense.
Try it on the tooth - find out, try it directly.
Something is too tough for someone - it’s difficult to bite off, it’s beyond your strength, beyond your abilities.
There is nothing to put on the tooth - they say when there is nothing to eat.
Not even a blow - absolutely nothing (not knowing, not understanding, etc.).
To look someone in the mouth is to find out everything about a person.
To raise a tooth is to mock.
Showing your teeth means demonstrating your evil nature, your desire to quarrel, to threaten someone.
Putting your teeth on a shelf means starving when there is no food left in the house.
Speak through teeth - barely open your mouth, reluctantly.
Grit your teeth - do not lose heart, do not despair, start the fight.
To sharpen or have a grudge against someone is to be angry, to strive to cause harm.

Phraseologisms with the word “CHEST, BACK”

The words chest and back are included in oppositely colored phraseological units. However, there are also positively colored phraseological units with the word back.

To stand up or stand with your chest for something - to rise to defense, to defend steadfastly.
Riding on someone's back means achieving your goals by using someone to your advantage.
They bend their back - to work, or to bow.
Hunch your back - work.
To ride on someone's back is to use someone for some of your own purposes.
To do something behind someone’s back - so that he doesn’t see, doesn’t know, secretly from someone.
Place your hands behind your back - cross them at the back.
On your own back (to experience, to learn something) - from your own bitter experience, as a result of troubles, difficulties, adversities that you yourself had to endure.
A knife in the back or a stab in the back is a treacherous, treasonous act, a blow.
Turn your back - leave, leave to the mercy of fate, stop communicating with someone.
To pave the way with one's chest means to achieve a good position in life; he achieves everything through hard work and overcomes all the difficulties that befall him.
Hiding behind someone else's back means shifting your responsibilities or responsibilities onto someone else.
To work without straightening your back is diligent, diligent, hard and hard. They can be used to praise a roughly working person.
Straighten your back - gain self-confidence, cheer up.
Show your back - leave, run away.
To stand behind someone's back is to secretly, secretly lead someone.

Phraseologisms with the word “LANGUAGE”

Language is another word often found in phraseological units, since language is extremely important for a person, it is with it that the idea of the ability to speak and communicate is associated. The idea of speaking (or, conversely, silence) can be traced in one way or another in many phraseological units with the word language.

Running with your tongue out is very fast.
Keep your mouth shut - remain silent, do not say too much; be careful in your statements.
Long tongue - they say if a person is a talker and likes to tell other people's secrets.
How a cow licked it with its tongue - about something that quickly and without a trace disappeared.
Find a common language - achieve mutual understanding.
Step on the tongue - silence.
Hanging your tongue on your shoulder means you are very tired.
To get on the tongue is to become the subject of gossip.
Bite your tongue - shut up, refrain from speaking.
Loosen the tongue - encourage someone to talk; give someone the opportunity to speak.
To loosen one's tongue - without restraining oneself, losing control over oneself, blurting out, saying unnecessary things.
A peck on your tongue is an angry wish to an angry chatterbox.
To pull your tongue is to say something that is not entirely appropriate to the situation.
To shorten the tongue - to make someone silent, to prevent insolence from speaking, unnecessary things.
Scratching your tongue (scratching your tongue) means talking in vain, chattering, idle talk.
To scratch one's tongue is to gossip, slander.
The devil pulled his tongue - an unnecessary word escapes the tongue.
A tongue without bones - they say if a person is talkative.
Your tongue is slurred—you can’t say anything clearly.
The tongue is stuck to the larynx - suddenly become silent, stop speaking.
Swallow your tongue - shut up, stop talking (about someone’s reluctance to talk).
The tongue is well-spoken - they say about a person who speaks freely and fluently.

Phraseologisms with the word “LITTLE”

Almost - about, almost
The spool is small but expensive - value is not determined by size
Small small smaller - one smaller than the other (about children)
The bird is small, but the nail is sharp - insignificant in position, but inspires fear or admiration for its qualities
A small dog until old age, a puppy - a small person always seems younger than his age, does not make a solid impression
You never know - 1. anything, any 2. not significant, not important 3. excitement, what if...
Little by little - slowly, little by little
Slowly - slowly
From young to old - all ages
Little by little (drink) – a little, a small portion
Play small - make a small bet (in games)
From an early age - from childhood
The smallest part is an insignificant part of something.

Correct and appropriate use of phraseological units gives speech special expressiveness, accuracy and imagery.