Church in Ostashkovo service schedule. Church of the Nativity of Christ Ostashkovo. Photo and description

Photo: Church of the Nativity in Ostashkovo

In the village of Ostashkovo, Mytishchi district, there is the Church of the Nativity of Christ, dating back to 1699. The rector of this church is priest Vitaly Yuryevich Kuleshov.

It is worth noting that one of the first written mentions of the village of Ostashkovo belongs to the beginning of the seventeenth century. In those times Ostashkovo was the possession of the princes of Cherkasy. Prince Inal, their ancestor, was the owner of Kabadra. This fact contributed to the fact that on the central small shield of the “Cherkassy” coat of arms a golden power was depicted on an ermine field, in the first quarter - a Circassian on a white horse with a spear in a princely cap, in the second quarter - crossed arrows and three silver stars, and on top of a shield with a crescent , this became evidence of the Muslim origin of this family. The Cherkasy princes in Rus' not only received baptism, but also became related to the Rurikovichs: Maria Temryukova (one of the princesses) was the second wife of Tsar Ivan the Terrible.

Belonged to Ostashkovo Prince Cherkassky Ivan Borisovich, close boyar and cousin brother of Tsar Romanov Mikhail Fedorovich. Ivan Borisovich’s parent was closely related to Prince Temryuk from Kabarda, he was his uncle. And his mother was Marfa Nikitichna Romanova, Tsar Mikhail’s aunt. When Boris Godunov was elected to the throne, and this was during 1598, the cathedral decree about this was signed by the Prince of Cherkassy, ​​who then served as steward. But, despite this, the prince was captured by order given by Tsar Boris in 1599, when the entire Romanov family and their relatives were arrested; Even friends and acquaintances did not escape this fate. Prince Cherkassky was also under arrest because of his father’s long-standing friendship with Grigory Otrepiev, who in the future became False Dmitry the First. And Prince Ivan Borisovich himself “provided honor to him.”

According to the boyar verdict of 1601, Prince Cherkassky was subject to the highest penalty - it was exile to Siberia, and he was the only one of all those arrested who received such a severe punishment, and all the prince’s property was assigned to the sovereign. Then, for an unknown reason, the terrible exile to Siberia was replaced by residence in Nizhny Novgorod, and later, in general, Prince Cherkassky received gracious permission to return to Moscow.

But the times when Tsar Vasily of Shuisky reigned again brought Prince Cherkassky closer to the throne, making him a king. The year 1610 brought the prince successful command of the regiment and provided the opportunity to distinguish himself in the Khodynka battle with the Poles, but in 1611 he was captured by the insidious people of Vladimir, who supported the claims to the Russian throne of the prince from Poland - Vladislav.

However, the prince’s fate presented him with the sharpest turn after the Romanov family in the person of Mikhail Fedorovich returned to reign. Prince Cherkassky was introduced to the permanent council under the sovereign together with Sheremetev I.F. and Romanov I.N., and in 1613 received the title of boyar. Five years later, the prince, now boyar Cherkassky Ivan Borisovich, goes to the city of Yaroslavl to call upon the army there to provide emergency assistance to Moscow, which is under siege by the Polish army. With the Yaroslavl warriors he recruited, the prince liberated three districts at once: Yaroslavl, Belozersky and Ustyug, completely defeating the Polish troops there.

Subsequently, seven orders at the court were placed under his control, these are Streletsky, Inozemny, Reitarsky, Aptekarsky, the Treasury Court and the Big Treasury. This suggests that the prince enjoyed the unlimited trust of the sovereign. Ivan Borisovich was constantly with the royal person, accompanying the sovereign on numerous pilgrimages, participating in ambassadorial receptions and even providing assistance in choosing the royal brides. Once, when Tsar Mikhail was leaving for Yaroslavl for another pilgrimage, Prince Ivan Borisovich was left in charge of Moscow; he was completely entrusted with the management of the capital. The possibilities of his influence and omnipotence are difficult to overestimate; in addition, he was perhaps the richest man of his time.

Ostashkovo village

Ostashkovo village- a sparsely populated estate of Prince Cherkassky near Moscow, which had a tendency to further reduce the number of residents. According to statistical data of that time, this village had 14 farmsteads in the 17th century, at the end of the 18th century there were only 7 courtyards, and the middle of the 16th century could only boast of fifteen males and twenty-four females, who already lived in six farmsteads.

Prince Cherkassky ordered the construction of a wooden Church of the Nativity of Christ in the Ostashkovo estate in 1617, in which there must certainly be a chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Apparently, the existence of this small temple was very short-lived. Already in 1621, on October 17, the owner of Ostashkov received from His Holiness Patriarch Philaret a letter of permission to build a new church in the village to replace the burnt wooden church. “... in the church there are images, and candles, and books, and on the bell tower there are bells from the building of the boyar Prince Ivan Borisovich Cherkaskago” - this part of the Scribe Book entry of 1623 testified to the presence of a new temple on the prince’s estate.

1642 was the year of the death of Prince Ivan Borisovich of Cherkassy. Since he had no direct heirs, his close boyar and governor - cousin Prince Yakov Kudenetovich of Cherkasy inherited all his wealth. Naturally, the Ostashkovo estate also passed to a new owner, a military commander and an outstanding commander under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Prince Yakov Kudenetovich was known for defeating the troops of the Polish hetmans Gonsiewski and Radziwill and conquering Vilna, the capital of Lithuania. In 1666, the heir to the huge fortune of Prince Yakov, after his death, became Prince Mikhail Yakovlevich of Cherkassy - the son of a commander, a close boyar and the last Tobolsk governor.

Under Mikhail Yakovlevich Ostashkovo wooden Church of the Nativity of Christ replaced by a new brick temple, built by the serf architect Potekhin Pavel, according to presumable data. This beautiful church has survived to this day, retaining its purpose.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the famous line of the richest princes of Cherkasy was interrupted by the son of Mikhail Yakovlevich, Alexei, who received the Ostashkovo estate in 1713, after the death of his father. The only and last heir to all the wealth of the Cherkasy princes was the princess, maid of honor, and later the lady of state Varvara Alekseevna. She was very picky about suitors, because she understood perfectly well that many dreamed of a marriage with her because of her huge inheritance. The brilliant Karl Levenwolde, a courtier, received the refusal from the princess; The famous poet and diplomat Antioch Kantemir, who sought Varvara Alekseevna's hand in marriage, was also denied. The rich bride was already thirty-three years old when Count Sheremetev Pyotr Borisovich, owner of the village of Troitsky, located next to Ostashkov, became her husband. After the marriage between the neighbors, both properties were successfully united.

Zhostovo decorative painting, as a world-famous craft, began in 1810, when the production of papier-mâché products was organized in the Ostashkov workshops. Then they began to produce painted tin trays with a varnish coating, which received great recognition due to the extraordinary beauty and brightness of the painting.

The Sheremetev owners began restoration work and the first alterations of the Ostashkovo temple. The area of ​​the temple was expanded, the windows and arches were significantly enlarged, this made the interior light and spacious. The iconostasis was skillfully updated, the church received rich decoration and new utensils. In 1815, a new modest bell tower with three tiers was erected in the Empire style according to the design of K.S. Ordenov. The foundation plaque of the church testifies to this event with its brief inscription. But the chapel in the name of Elijah the Prophet was added to the main building of the temple 15 years after the main construction.

The second half of the 19th century was the time of creation of the main Central iconostasis in the temple. Most of his icons were painted with true love by painters of the Moscow school of Sokolov I.A. The church building was cold, so in 1894 they started insulating it, and a little later the villagers built a sacristy and porch at their own expense. The 19th century added some more small extensions to the temple, and the refectory was updated with fresh paintings. In 1903, the facades of the Church of the Nativity of Christ were covered with plaster, which hid all the original decor of the church decoration. Most likely, the temple initially had five domes and a whole row of elegant kokoshniks completed all the aisles and the central part, crowning their walls. Only the openwork crosses on the domes, made at the end of the 17th century, still flaunt in their places. The second half of the 19th century indicates the emergence of the Central iconostasis of the temple, but the oil painting of the entire interior and the appearance of small extensions near the bell tower are already the beginning of the twentieth century. Carvers from the workshop of Eliseev E.P. worked diligently to update the wooden carvings in 1904, and the painter B.E. Nemirov was donated new life skillful paintings and icons of the temple.

The Ostashkov Church of the Nativity, of course, was not spared by the revolution and the equally harsh post-revolutionary years. Valuables were confiscated from the temple several times, although the icons remained untouched, but the rich frames and gilded vestments and church utensils were expropriated, but the temple remained open. This is the only one of all the churches on the Mytishchi land that held regular services at all times of its existence. During the war years, Gumilevsky Vasily, who served as a priest in the church, gathered Ostashkov children to feed them when there was such an opportunity. And in order to protect the village and the church from being hit by shells, the clergyman prayed earnestly, standing on the porch of the church, until the bombing ended.

Church of the Ostashkovo settlement is an example of a true temple of the patrimony. And no subsequent additions could spoil its appearance. In its architecture, the temple is a typical representative of churches of all suburbs of the 17th century. As a patrimonial temple, it looked very modest, despite the fact that it was called royal and its domes were covered with crowns, testifying to the relationship of the Cherkasy princes with such kings as Ivan the Terrible and Mikhail Romanov. The semicircular apse and now the single-domed pillarless quadrangle make up the main volume of the temple. The refectory connects the single-domed chapels in the name of Elijah the Prophet and St. Nicholas the Pleasant, adjacent to the corners of the temple from the west.

Many icons of the 18th and 19th centuries, made according to special order for the Ostashkovo Church, as well as those donated to him by parishioners, were perfectly preserved and have survived to this day due to the fact that the temple was not barbarically destroyed and closed by the Soviet regime. The church still keeps some family icons with images of the patron saints of all family members. Such a family icon of Saints Athanasius, Theodore and Macarius was given by Archangel Michael.

Residents of Ulyankov gave to the temple the icon of the Feodorovskaya Mother of God, which survived a strong fire that destroyed almost the entire village. The most revered icon is also the local icon of St. Harlampius, carried throughout all the villages of the area during mass epidemics. The icon of St. Nicholas the Saint has a very complex interesting story. This icon was called Nikola-Okopnik by some parishioners; it was accidentally discovered by Ostashkov women and children while digging trenches in wartime. After cleaning the found wooden board, we realized that we had found the icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Eyewitnesses testified that when the bombing began, the frightened children gathered in a group, and the women, taking the found image in their hands, walked around all the trenches and from that moment the fascist bombers stopped flying here. For some time the miraculous icon still remained in the trenches. The fighters prayed to this image before the battle, making a door to the dugout out of a board with the image of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. When the front line moved to the West, pushing the Nazis back from Moscow, the soldiers brought the icon to the Church of the Nativity of Christ in Ostashkov.

This bright temple is recognized the most beautiful building Mytishchi environs. It harmoniously combines some features of various architectural styles, beautiful icon painting, rare talented wall painting and interesting church decoration. The elements of this decoration, different in style and execution, not only do not interfere with the neighborhood, but make the overall perception of the beautiful creations of human hands, inspired by good deeds and love of creation, brighter and richer. Using the example of the Ostashkovo Church, the development of Russian church architecture over the course of four hundred years is clearly traced.

The Russian-Byzantine style is characterized by powerful temple walls, so against their background the Empire style of the bell tower looks surprisingly light and delicate. The style of the 18th century is immediately visible in the beautiful iconography of the main iconostasis with the finest carvings framed in the style of Russian antiquity. The characteristic wall paintings of the early twentieth century were made in the fairy-tale style of the Russian artist V.M. Vasnetsov. The skillful carved fencing of the altars and benches, made at the beginning of the twenty-first century, is also a reminder of the time of Russian epics. All these features of art create a general historical and artistic image of antiquity and a special appeal to the current timeless temple.

The temple looks especially good now from the opposite bank of the Klyazma Reservoir. Zhostovo craftsmen often use the silhouette of the bell tower against the backdrop of spilled water, depicting it in genre scenes of painting their famous trays. In 1980, the Church of the Nativity in Ostashkov was recognized as an architectural monument and taken under state protection.

The three hundredth anniversary of the Church of the Nativity of Christ was timed in Ostashkov to coincide with the great celebration of the two thousandth anniversary of the Nativity of Christ. The great celebration was headed by His Eminence Gregory, Archbishop of Mozhaisk. Nowadays the temple has organized a successfully operating Sunday school. The Zemstia workshop arose in the Ostashkov parish, the creative work of whose masters creates an integral artistic and architectural complex at the Church of the Nativity in Ostashkov. Wood Worship cross stands before the entrance to the village. The design of the bus stop and the village well were also made in the fabulous manner of the great V.M. Vasnetsov.

Ostashkovskaya Church is not just a religious institution, it also worthily fulfills the responsible role of a cultural and historical monument. There are often various excursions from near and far places. The temple clergy maintains the closest cultural ties with the Ostankino Museum-Reserve, which also belonged to the Sheremetevs in ancient times.

The missionary card of the Ostashkovo Church includes Sorokino village and famous Zhostovo, and further Pension. The chapel of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God, which is located on the land of the village of Chiverevo, is also assigned to the temple. The first wooden chapel, built in the village in 1844, was subsequently destined to burn down, and in the same place in 1902 a small brick chapel was erected. Lavishly decorated with hewn brick decorations, it was crowned with a single dome, according to the design created by the diocesan talented architect Nikolai Nikolaevich Blagoveshchensky.

During the period following the revolution, the chapel was closed, as a result of which some of the interesting decor, a rare interior, the completion of the dome of the chapel were lost, and the base was also damaged. The lost chapter with the cross was restored in 2001, and a small partial renovation was made in the chapel. The chapel of the Icon of the Mother of God of Smolensk is attached to the Church of the Nativity of Christ in Ostashkovo.

This temple can be found at : Ostashkovo village, Mytishchensky district, house No. 38.

Moscow region, Mytishchi district, village. Ostashkovo.

In the village of Ostashkovo on Klyazma (Moscow district, Manatin, Bykov and Korovya camp) it was originally mentioned wooden church in the name of the Nativity of Christ with the chapel of St. Nicholas on the estate of the boyar Prince Ivan Borisovich Cherkassky. Documents name Father Nikita Petrov as the rector of the church. The text of the church charter given by His Holiness Patriarch Philaret to Ivan Borisovich Cherkassky about the construction of a new wooden church in the village of Ostashkovo instead of the burnt one is dated October 17, 1621.

In the village there was a courtyard of patrimonial estates, a courtyard of clerks and a courtyard of hounds. In 1667, the village belonged to Prince Yakov Kudenetovich Cherkassky. At the Church of the Nativity of Christ, priest Nikita Sidorov, sexton Larion Kondratyev and sexton Vasily Nikiforov were in the clergy. The princes of Cherkassy, ​​in addition to the allotted church land, gave the clergy a monetary ruble.

The construction of the stone church dates back to the turn of the 17th-18th centuries, when, at the expense of the patrimonial prince Mikhail Yakovlevich Cherkassky, with the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Joachim, blessed letters were given for the construction of the Church of the Nativity of Christ with the chapel of St. Nicholas, as well as Life-Giving Trinity with chapels in the village of Troitskoye-Novosiltsevo. The text of these charters for the construction of stone churches dates back to June 5, 1682.

In the second half of the 18th century. (since 1743) the village of Ostashkovo and its villages came into the possession of the Sheremetev counts.

In 1815, according to the design of the architect K.S. Ordenov, a new stone bell tower was added to the Nativity Church, and in 1830 a chapel in the name of Elijah the Prophet was added.

In 1894, the church was insulated, a sacristy was added to the bell tower, and in 1906 a major renovation was carried out.

The Church of the Nativity is one of the few that has never closed.

The rector of the temple, priest Ioann Sokolov, continues the old traditions begun by Archpriest Alexei Kungurov (now the honorary rector of the temple) many decades ago - guardianship of the Ostashkovo hospital, caring for Sunday school children.

Divine services are held on Sundays and holidays.

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Cathedrals No. 9170 – Nativity of Christ, church

Temples of Russia No. 2085 – Church of the Nativity of Christ in Ostashkovo (Church of the Nativity of Christ, 1st quarter of the 17th century)

The brick church was built by Prince M. Ya. Cherkassky in 1699. Separate volumes of the Nikolsky and Ilyinsky (built in 1830) aisles adjoin the western corners of the single-domed quadrangle of the temple. The refectory and bell tower in the classicist style were added in 1815. It was not closed - the only one in the Mytishchi region.

This, at first glance, is an unremarkable church in the Moscow region. Ostashkovo village is the only temple in the Mytishchi region, which has never been closed since its construction in 1699, and therefore has been preserved almost in the same form as it was in pre-revolutionary Russia (with extensionsXIXcentury).

Church of the Nativity in Ostashkov It is also interesting for its history, as well as the history of the village in which it was built, closely associated with two aristocratic families of Russia - the Princes of Cherkassy and the Counts of Sheremetev.

Ostashkovo village , located on the Klyazma (and since the construction of the Moscow Canal, on the shore of the Klyazma Reservoir), has been known in written sources since the beginningXVIcentury.

Then it was in the possession of the prince Ivan Borisovich Cherkassky , a descendant of the rulers of Kabarda (one of the representatives of this Caucasian family, Maria Temryukovna, was the second wife of Ivan the Terrible himself). Prince I. B. Cherkassky himself was a cousin and close boyar of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, in different years managing Streletsky, State, Foreign and other important orders. The degree of his influence at the court of the first tsar of the Romanov dynasty is evidenced by the fact that during the sovereign’s departures from the capital on pilgrimage, it was Prince Cherkassky that Mikhail Fedorovich trusted to “in charge” of Moscow, that is, leaving him as “deputy to the throne.”

Cherkasy coat of arms:

Prince I.B. Cherkassky was one of richest people of his time, but one of the many villages that belonged to him - Ostashkovo - could hardly be called rich (only 14 households, and their number was constantly decreasing).
However, in 1617, by order of the prince, a wooden Church of the Nativity of Christ with a chapel in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was built in Ostashkov, which did not stand for even four years. This is evidenced by the “characterized letter” of Patriarch Filaret, given to Prince I.B. Cherkassky for the construction of a new church in Ostashkovo to replace the previous burnt church.

Due to the childlessness of I.B. Cherkassky, after his death (1642), Ostashkovo as a patrimonial estate passed to his cousin Yakov Kudenetovich , one of the governors of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, famous for his victories in Poland (in particular, the capture of Vilna).
In 1666 he was succeeded by his son - Mikhail Yakovlevich , during which, in 1699, the wooden Church of the Nativity in Ostashkov was replaced by a new, brick one, which has survived to this day.

Photo from 1986:

Presumably, it was built by a serf architect Pavel Potekhin .

The only heiress of the Cherkassky family, which was extinguished in the male line, Varvara Alekseevna (granddaughter of M. Ya. Cherkassky) got married at the age of 33, which was simply incredibly late for that time. Many people applied for her hand (and a huge fortune), including the brilliant courtier Karl Levenwolde and the famous poet and diplomat Antioch Cantemir, but she gave preference to the owner of the neighboring village of Troitskoye Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev . This marriage united both properties.

Sheremetev coat of arms:

Under the Sheremetevs, the village of Ostashkovo began to change rapidly. So, in 1810, workshops were organized there for the production of metal trays with painting and varnish coating, which later became world famous as Zhostovo painting .

And in 1815, according to the design of the architect K. S. Ordenov, a three-tier bell tower in the Empire style was erected.

Currently, the main volume of the temple consists of a pillarless quadrangle with a semicircular apse and two chapels in the name of St. Nicholas the Pleasant and Elijah the Prophet, united by a refectory.