The main attractions of Yakhroma with photos and descriptions. History of Yakhroma When to go to Dmitrov
Lyamin family
Yakhroma Gate Caravel
By the way...
In the 80s of the 20th century, at the Yakhromskaya spinning and weaving factory of the Research and Production Enterprise "Hyperon", a technology for restoring the rollers of a rewinding and rewinding machine was developed and successfully implemented. One day, journalists came to the production, and during an interview, the director of the factory thanked the Hyperon workers, saying that as a result of their work, the enterprise managed to save tons of metal, increase yarn production and reduce staff turnover. The head of the Hyperon research and production enterprise, Anatoly Puzryakov, was perplexed: how can plasma spraying keep weavers at work? And after the interview I approached the director with this question. Everything turned out to be quite simple - one weaver services 12 looms, and when they are all working, the woman receives a high salary and does not want to move to another place. Thanks to the plasma installation, it became possible to maintain the serviceability of the weaving machine fleet at the proper level.
Local landmark - unfinished tower on Vostochnaya Street
City of textile workers
Post-war Yakhroma
As of 1924, the Yakhroma volost included 17 villages. The settlement of the banks of the Yakhroma River in these places began in the 11th–12th centuries. This is evidenced by the only archaeological monument - the “Peremilovskoe settlement” of the Slavs. Many of these villages have a long history. For example, the village of Peremilovo is listed in documents from 1544, the village of Andreevskoye is mentioned in the Exchange Charter of Ivan IV from 1566, Leonovo and Semeshki are recorded in books of the early 17th century, and Pochinki, Surovtsovo, Podolino, Kovshino are in documents of the early 18th century. By the way, in Rus' they called the first peasant house with other outbuildings in a newly built village.
The largest in Dmitrovsky district was considered the temple in the name of the Life-Giving Trinity, the Nativity and Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, built in 1895 on the territory of the modern city of Yakhroma. The construction was financed by the former Moscow City Mayor, actual state councilor, owner of the Pokrovskaya Manufactory factory, Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin. He allocated several hundred thousand rubles for construction. On July 5, 1892, the ceremonial laying of the temple with chapels in the name of the Nativity and Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary took place. Over 10 thousand people gathered for this celebration. Between the church fence and the hospital, 100 tables were installed with 100 seats each. Each guest was given a cutlery wrapped in a napkin - two porcelain plates, a porcelain mug made by Kuznetsov in Verbilki and a wooden spoon. The device was supplied with one bottle of beer, two pounds of sausage, a pound of boiled meat and a bottle of vodka for four. Waiters from the Metropol restaurant poured soup and served tables.
The author of the project and the construction manager was the famous Moscow architect Sergei Konstantinovich Rodionov (he was also the author of the almshouse in Dmitrov and the temple in the village of Sysoevo). The temple resembled the St. Petersburg Kazan Cathedral, occupied an area of 250 fathoms and could simultaneously accommodate up to 4 thousand people. The building of the temple and bell tower is made in the neoclassical style. The pediments depict the All-Seeing Eye. Construction lasted three years. The four-tier bell tower was built at the expense of Ivan Artemyevich’s son, Semyon Ivanovich. On July 26, 1930, the beheaded and plundered temple was closed. From that time on, the cathedral premises were used as a vegetable storehouse; it housed a pasta factory, a furniture warehouse, and a canteen. During the Great Patriotic War, there was a hospital in the basement of the temple, where the famous surgeon Pyotr Konyarov operated on wounded soldiers. Today, restoration work is underway in the temple and bell tower.
Trinity Church with a bell tower
The Yakhroma spinning and weaving factory determined the future of the modern city of Yakhroma. First, a workers' settlement arose here, in which 6,716 people lived in 1924. And then, in 1940, it was given city status.
The city of Yakhroma grew out of a village that developed on the Yakhroma River around one of the oldest cloth factories in the Moscow region. It was founded by the landowner Ponomarev near the village of Surovtsovo in 1841. This is what the doctor of the Moscow provincial zemstvo A.V. wrote. Pogozhev: “The factory is located in the Olgovskaya volost, in the parish of Andreevsky, near the village of Surovtsovo, at a distance of 57 versts from Moscow, 7 versts from Dmitrov and 6360 sazhens from the Moscow highway...”. After some time, Ponomarev sold the factory to the merchant Kuvshinnikov, from whom it passed to another merchant, Zheleznov. After this, the manufactory changed owners like gloves, until in 1856 it fell into the hands of the Moscow entrepreneur Kaulin, who laid the foundation for paper weaving production. In 1858, on the advice of his father-in-law, Semyon Longinovich Lepeshkin, the manufactory was purchased by the merchant of the first guild, commerce advisor Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin. He built new production facilities, expanded existing ones, and installed machines driven by steam engines. In 1880, the paper weaving factory of I.A. Lyamina was transformed into the company "Partnership of the Pokrovskaya Manufactory". Calico, molexin, and calico were produced from American, Egyptian, Turkmen and Transcaucasian cotton. For finishing, the fabrics were sent to the Presnenskaya cotton-printed manufactory. In 1885, the territory of the Pokrovskaya manufactory expanded from 20 to 100 hectares. Successfully expanding his manufactory in Yakhroma, Ivan Artemyevich managed to achieve high production efficiency and quickly became rich.
Weaving shop of the Yakhroma factory
Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin was born into a famous merchant family in 1822. He was a well-read man, naturally intelligent, savvy and honest, but at the same time modest and pious. Lyamin received an excellent education at the Imperial Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences. Ivan Artemyevich became the most famous representative of the Lyamin family of merchants. He took an active part in the public life of Moscow, was an outstanding financier, founder of the Moscow Merchant Bank, a hereditary honorary citizen, a famous industrialist, philanthropist and philanthropist. Lyamin began his career as a clerk in the office of Grigory Knoop’s textile store. The latter was considered the master of the entire cotton industry in Russia. The people made a saying about him: “No matter the church, then the priest, no matter the factory, then the Knoop.” Grigory Knoop betrothed Lyamin to Semyon Lepeshkin, the owner of one of the largest textile factories in the Moscow province - Voznesenskaya manufactory. Marriage to Lepeshkin's daughter Elizaveta Semenovna brought Ivan Artemyevich a good dowry, success and happiness. The family had nine children.
Rebuilding the factory after the war
Over the past decades, more than a million Russians out of one and a half million employed in the textile and light industry have lost their jobs. Hundreds of enterprises went bankrupt and ceased to exist, including city-forming ones, on which the fate of small towns, such as Yakhroma, depends. Liquidated in the Vladimir region - Karabanovsky Textile, Aleksandroviskozh, Nikologorsk Spinning and Weaving Factory. In the Krasnodar Territory there are cotton and worsted cloth mills, a tannery, Novorossiysk and Armavir garment factories. In the Ivanovo region there is the Bolshaya Dmitrovskaya manufactory and the Puchezhsky flax mill. These enterprises employed more than 40 thousand people. And bankruptcies still continue. Many of our products are superior in price and quality to European ones. However, Russian enterprises, due to the fault of their native state, become victims of dirty competition. The volume of smuggled products is more than double the level of domestic production and legal imports. Foreign giants monopolized wholesale and retail chains. Today, the share of domestic goods on the Russian market has decreased to 20%. This is below the threshold that ensures the economic security of the country (51%). In France, for example, the law establishes that 60% of the domestic market should be occupied by domestic goods. And here it’s very difficult for Russian products to even get onto store shelves. The Russian light industry, like the agricultural sector, must under no circumstances be completely destroyed, otherwise our entire country will perish.
Everybody go skiing!
It is a pity that such a giant of light industry as the Yakhroma Spinning and Weaving Factory ceased to exist in the early 90s. High-quality textiles turned out to be unnecessary for anyone on the Russian market. Huge workshops were empty, and instead of spinning and weaving machines, small-scale production of paper containers, furniture and other nonsense appeared. Yakhroma lost thousands of jobs. The physical culture movement has become a thing of the past, the construction of housing and social facilities has ceased, and the improvement of the city is remembered only on the eve of major holidays. The entire burden fell on the local municipality, on the council of deputies, who are faced with the task of reviving the city of textile workers.
History of sports in Yakhroma
The physical education movement in Yakhroma originated from folk games: skiing down the mountains on homemade skis, sleds and ice skating. Particular interest in these activities appeared already in 1908, not only among children, but also among adults. It was 1908, when simple games became widespread, and is considered the beginning of the physical education movement in Yakhroma.
In 1910, street sports clubs appeared in the factory village, and football teams were organized: “Zarya”, “Red Houses”, “Volna”. The first football match between factory workers and the English football team (almost all the production foremen at the factory, like its director, were English), the score was 1:0 in favor of the factory workers.
On November 12, 1918, a sports club was organized in Yakhroma. This circle is headed by its organizer Nikolai Filippovich Komkov. This is the birthday of the factory sports team.
In May 1922, a physical education club “Ant-19” was created in Yakhroma (registered in Moscow) at the Yakhroma factory.
In the winter of 1923, for the first time in Yakhroma, people became interested in a new sport - skiing. The first friendly meeting is held between the skiers of Yakhroma and Dmitrov, and the first ski run along the route Yakhroma - Moscow, distance - 65 km, takes place.
In 1923-1924, members of the circle built sports grounds for games: football, volleyball, basketball, small towns, running tracks with athletics sectors, a gymnastics town, and opened a swimming pool with a springboard and an 8-meter diving tower.
In June 1924, on the initiative of N.F. Komkova in Yakhroma, the first water station in the district was opened. Masters of sports from Moscow arrived at the opening. Competitions were held in diving, swimming, and water polo. On June 20, the first issue of the sports newspaper “Red Sport” was published. In 1924, the residents of Yakhrom started playing volleyball for the first time.
In 1926 – 1927, mass propaganda campaigns on skis and bicycles took place in the area. The first relay race was held in the city.
In August 1928, the first international football meeting between the Yakhroma workers' teams and one of the Finnish workers' clubs took place at the Yakhroma stadium. Yakhrom residents lost with a score of 11:0.
In 1928 I.N. Stolbov set a kind of endurance record - 1000 km on skis in the cities of the Moscow region.
In July 1929, the editors of the magazine “Physical Culture” awarded a big prize to the Yakhroma KFK for the development of mass sports among the workers of the enterprise.
In August 1931, Yakhroma athletes built a 50-meter swimming pool with five water paths on the river on their own. In December, the results of the first All-Union Review - a competition in physical education - were summed up. Yakhroma KFK was recognized as the best.
In 1931, in the column hall of the House of Unions, six Yakhromsky sports activists Ivanov, Zolotov, Panov, Novozhilov, Spiridonov, Komkov were awarded the first 1st level GTO badges.
In 1932, Yakhroma KFK took first place in the second All-Union review - competition. The first GTO badge holder in the region was the master of weaving at the Yakhroma factory N.A. Ivanov. In the first All-Union Trade Union Spartakiad, Yakhroma KVK was among the winners.
In 1934, the Central Executive Committee of the USSR decided to establish the title of Honored Master of Sports. The first person in the Dmitrov region to receive such a high title was V. Fokina, a resident of Yakhrom, in 1936.
In 1936, the physical education team joined the Krasnoye Znamya Children's Social Society.
In 1938, the team of the Yakhromskaya factory FC was awarded the “Crystal Jug” prize for first place in the championship of the Moscow Children’s Sports Society “Red Banner”.
In July 1939, the team consisted of 580 people. Classes were held in 10 sections.
In December 1939, the KFK Yakhromskaya factory was awarded a diploma for good results in the All-Union Socialist Competition. In October, the village of Yakhroma was transformed into a city.
The pre-war years were the years of the highest development of mass physical education and sports for factory workers. The best long-distance runners are Temnov, Shebarov, Komarov, Ivanov.
During the Great Patriotic War, sports Yakhroma produced three Heroes of the USSR from among its athletes: Nikolai Rogov, Konstantin Kiryanov, Petr Khudov.
In May 1946, the first friendly football matches after the war took place between the teams Dmitrov - Dynamo, Yakhroma - Red Banner. The first post-war general factory sports competition took place.
In December 1948, a resolution was adopted on the progress of the Committee on Physical Education and Sports in implementing the directives of the party and government on the development of a mass physical education movement in the country and improving the skills of Soviet athletes. N.F. Komkov was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the USSR. A 40-meter springboard for ski jumping was built in Yakhroma.
In 1952, in Yakhroma, with the help of athletes under the leadership of N.F. Komkov built a 25-meter summer swimming pool.
In 1953, Yakhrom resident V. Pshenitsyn became the champion in cross-country skiing among youths of the RSFSR.
In 1956, the acrobatic group of the children's school of the Yakhroma factory took first place in the championship of the Moscow Children's Sports School "Red Banner".
A team of 14 athletes in 7 days completed a bike ride along the route Yakhroma - Leningrad - Yakhroma (1500 km) dedicated to the Second Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR.
In 1957, Yakhrom resident N. Nikiforova became the USSR Master of Sports in acrobatics, V. Pshenitsyn became the USSR Master of Sports in skiing. The stadium hosted a celebration of physical culture and sports of the USSR in skiing. A festival of physical culture and sports was held at the stadium in honor of the centenary of the factory and the fiftieth anniversary of the trade unions of the USSR. Voroshilov K.E. presented the certificate to Komkov N.F. Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
In 1959, the weightlifting team took second place in zonal competitions in the Moscow region.
In 1961, Yakhromsky KFK was one of the first in the country to be given the name “Sports Club”, chairman V. Shishkov. In 1961, the Yakhroma Sports Museum was opened, organized and directed by N.F. Komkov.
In 1979, the football team "Chaika" (ZhKO Yakhromskaya factory) won the "Moscow Hopes" cup in 1977, and in 1978 and 1979 - prizes of the "Leather Ball" club of the Moscow region and participated in the All-Russian competitions.
Among the residents of Yakhroma, the names of great athletes are known who left a noticeable mark on the history of physical culture and sports of the then Soviet Union. This is runner Valentina Fokina, a multiple world and European champion in hurdles. Champion of the RSFSR in swimming Valentina Leksina, Honored Master of Sports, weightlifter Nikolai Komkov, Pyotr Morozov - multiple participant in international skiing competitions, Master of Sports of the USSR, skier Valentin Pshenitsyn, Master of Sports in acrobatics, student of the children's school Valentina Kolobkova, champion of the RSFSR in athletics who won a gold medal at the national championship Arkady Smaznov, medalist of the athletics championships Viktor Shishkov, master of sports, winner of major ski jumping competitions Boris Kolmykov, master of sports and medalist of the USSR championship in acrobatics Nina Nikiforova.
Pshenitsyn Valentin Nikolaevich trained 9 honored masters of sports, 4 Olympic champions Kruglov N., Alyabyev A., Kovalev G., Drachev V., five world champions and a large number of masters of sports.
Which federal district does the city of Yakhroma belong to?
The city of Yakhroma is part of the federal district: Central.The Federal District is an enlarged territory consisting of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
In what region is the city of Yakhroma located?
The city of Yakhroma is part of the Moscow region.A characteristic of a region or a subject of a country is the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that are part of the region.
The Moscow region region is an administrative unit of the state of Russia.
Population of the city of Yakhroma.
The population of the city of Yakhroma is 14,245 people.Year of foundation of Yakhroma.
Year of foundation of the city of Yakhroma: 1841.What time zone is Yakhroma located in?
The city of Yakhroma is located in the administrative time zone: UTC+4. Thus, you can determine the time difference in the city of Yakhroma, relative to the time zone in your city.Telephone code of the city of Yakhroma
The telephone code of the city of Yakhroma is: +7 49622. In order to call the city of Yakhroma from a mobile phone, you need to dial the code: +7 49622 and then the subscriber’s number directly.Official website of the city of Yakhroma.
Website of the city of Yakhroma, official website of the city of Yakhroma, or as it is also called “Official website of the administration of the city of Yakhroma”: http://www.yaxroma.ru.City (since 1940) of the Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow region, 55 km north of Moscow. The population as of 2008 is 13,070 people.
The name is explained from the Meryan language as “lake river”.
The area has been inhabited for a long time. The first information about it dates back to the 16th century. The territory was located on the border of the ancient camps of Dmitrovsky district - Kamensky and Povelsky, the natural boundary between them was once the high-water Yakhroma River.
The city grew out of a village that developed on Yakhroma around one of the oldest cloth factories in the Moscow region. It was founded by the landowner Ponomarev in the village of Surovtsovo near the village of Andreevskoye in 1841. With the acquisition of the factory by I.A. Lyamin Yakhroma began to transform: a layer of workers was formed, barracks, houses, a parochial school, the Trinity Church, a railway and much more were built.
In 1901, the Yakhroma railway station was opened near the village, after which the village received the same name.
At one time, Yakhroma was visited by major party and government figures - M.I. Kalinin, S.M. Budyonny, N.A. Semashko and others. The city was famous for its athletes and developed physical education movement.
The construction of the Moscow-Volga Canal (since 1947 - the Moscow Canal) was of enormous importance for the development of the village. The territory of the village expanded and the population increased.
On October 7, 1940, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the village of Yakhroma was transformed into a city, which included the settlements of Surovtsovo, Pochinki, Bolshie and Malye Semeshki, Peremilovo, Andreevskoye, Podolino, Leonovo, Kovshino.
Yakhroma is the site of fierce battles of the 1st Shock Army of General V.I. Kuznetsova (from 11/28/41 to 12/8/41). Here Lieutenant N. Kharlov accomplished a feat. During the battle, he made his way to a German gun and destroyed its crew with a grenade. Then he opened fire from this gun against German tanks, but was killed. A street in Yakhroma is named after him. During the battle for the City Council building, 15-year-old Kolya Vasiliev made his way into the attic of the building and destroyed 2 enemy machine guns with grenades. Awarded the medal "For Military Merit". There is a monument in the city at the mass graves of soldiers of the 1st Shock Army.
Yakhroma is the largest ski center in the Moscow region. On the outskirts of the city there are the territories of the Yakhroma and Volen sports and entertainment parks, and near the city there are the Stepanovo and Sorochany parks.
Trinity Church in the city center was built according to the design of S.K. Rodionov in 1892–1895. at the expense of the manufacturer I.A. Lyamina. In 1908, according to the project of S.B. Zalessky, a four-tier bell tower was built nearby. Both buildings are close to the era of classicism in their artistic forms.
The Ascension Church was built in the village of S.S. Apraksina Peremilovo designed by Francesco Camporesi in 1792. It combines the features of classicism and pseudo-Gothic in an original way.
Monument to the Soviet soldier on Peremilovskaya Heights (sculptors A. Postol, V. Glebov, N. Lyubimov, architects Y. Krivushchenko, A. Kaminsky, I. Stepanov, opened in December 1966).
Official website of the urban settlement of Yakhroma -
Just some 5 kilometers from Dmitrov, on a hilly area along the banks of the Moscow Canal, lies the small town of Yakhroma, which arose about 170 years ago from a small settlement at a cloth factory - the Pokrovskaya Manufactory, later famous throughout Russia. You can get from Dmitrov to Yakhroma by bus or minibus in a few minutes, and from Moscow the route is on rubber wheels along Dmitrovskoe Highway - or by train from Savyolovsky station in an hour and a quarter.
At the end of May, I visited this small town for walking and photographic purposes, the results of which I present to your attention - and you, dear readers, decide for yourself whether Yakhroma is worth your visit or not. By the way, this year Yakhroma turned 70 years old, since it was transformed from a working-class village into a city in 1940, just before the war.
So, at the very entrance to the city from the side of Dmitrov, one immediately notices the monument on the mass grave “To the Heroes who fell in the fight for the Motherland,” or more precisely, to the soldiers of the 1st Shock Army who stood to their death on the near approaches to Moscow in the fall of 1941.
By the way, two years ago the mass grave was “renovated”. Previously, a beautiful spruce grew there, planted when the monument was laid. Why it was uprooted is difficult to understand.
As you know, in the menacing days of late November - early December 1941, there were fierce battles between Soviet troops and Nazi troops rushing towards Moscow. On November 28, the advanced units of the 7th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht, operating in the Dmitrov direction, using numerical superiority in manpower and equipment, captured Yakhroma, crossed the Canal. Moscow opposite the city and entrenched on its eastern bank.
The Nazis tried to expand the bridgehead, but the explosion on November 29 of bridges and canal hydraulic structures in Dmitrov, Yakhroma and Dedenev blocked the path to further advance of German troops. A few days later, soldiers of the 1st Shock Army under the command of General Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov, without waiting for all their units to arrive, on December 2 threw the Nazis back across the canal and attacked them from the south. As a result of five days of fierce fighting, the city was liberated on December 7 (after being occupied for only 10 days), and the Yakhroma operation became a turning point in the subsequent famous counter-offensive near Moscow.
A few tens of meters behind the monument, in a small but cozy and shady park, is the Yakhroma House of Culture. 
The House of Culture was built in 1957, shortly after the end of the era of the mustachioed Leader with a pipe - but still in the then popular Stalinist Empire style. 50 years later, in 2007, a major renovation of the building was carried out, as a result of which no one was hurt; this center of culture looks pretty decent.
Finally, after walking another couple of hundred meters, we find ourselves on the main “front” square of Yakhroma. It is not at all surprising whose name it is named after:
Among the attractions of this square are the following:
Monument to a Typical Working Guy holding some paper in his hands.
Upon closer examination, it turned out that the important document that the representative of the Komsomol working class was presenting to passersby was the “Law on Peace.” Moreover, pay attention to the fact that the brave messenger is holding the document in his left hand, since his right hand has lost at least one finger - apparently, in the battles for this very world
Not far from the Messenger of Peace, the only fountain in the city throws out its cool jets, and children run nearby and relax on the benches of their mother (and sometimes father)
On the other side of the square there is an old building that now houses the city administration, as well as the Pyaterochka supermarket. At the left end, under a small canopy, there is a post office.
On the notice board next to the entrance to Pyaterochka you can find such notices, reflecting the boundless humor of the Russian people
Behind this fence lies the main city-forming enterprise of the city - the former Yakhroma manufactory, whose tall chimney is visible both from here and from almost anywhere in the city. Our further passage is blocked by a formidable barrier, but there are always bypass paths, right?
Photo gratefully borrowed from a friend yarowind
Thus, if you go around the “Honey” restaurant on the right, then along the path we go around several buildings and through a hole we enter the territory of the “Yakhroma Textiles” factory. I don’t know if the weavers are active now (I didn’t see any particular revival inside), but more than a hundred years ago it was a powerful enterprise...
The foundation and subsequent prosperity of the Yakhroma textile manufactory is entirely connected with the merchant family of Lyamin manufacturers, whose names were mentioned in the ranks of the Moscow merchants already at the end of the 18th century. The most famous representative of the family was Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin (1822-1894) - an outstanding financier and industrialist, founder of the Moscow Merchants Bank, a remarkable public figure, philanthropist and philanthropist.
Lyamin bought the Andreevskaya paper spinning and weaving manufactory in 1858. Based on the name of the church in the village of Andreevskoye - Intercession of the Mother of God - Ivan Artemyevich named his enterprise Pokrovskaya manufactory. The young industrialist spared no expense on first-class equipment for those times: a three-story spinning building was built, an English steam engine and “Selfactor mule machines” were installed for spinning production.
During the first decade of the “Lyamin rule,” on the initiative of the factory owner, residential buildings were built for its workers, a hospital with a whole staff of doctors and paramedics, a kindergarten, a well-equipped school, and later a vocational school were opened at the factory.
For the same factory workers, already under Semyon Ivanovich Lyamin, the son and heir of Ivan Artemyevich, a cinematograph for cinematic sessions was even built, and a power plant was built.
According to the newspaper "News of the Day", at the Lyaminsky manufactory, all children of workers had the opportunity to study for free in schools at the factory (one of them was a craft school). The factory workers had a sense of security: they were confident that they would not be fired, no matter what turmoil occurred in the Russian market; in difficult times of crisis, Ivan Artemyevich ordered people to work “in the warehouse” and, without firing anyone, did not reduce wages.
By the way, in 1871-1873, Ivan Artemyevich was the Moscow mayor (that is, in modern terms, the mayor of Moscow), and for 30 years until his death, he was a member (deputy) of the Moscow City Duma. In addition, he served as headman of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Pyzhi on Bolshaya Ordynka. And in 1875, for his outstanding public activities, Ivan Artemyevich received the rank of full state councilor.
I.A. Lyamin with his wife and children. By the way, it was at the expense of Elizaveta Semyonovna Lyamina (then already a widow), in 1898, that the most beautiful church of St. Elizabeth was built in Dmitrov, which I already talked about earlier - during
After the death of Ivan Artemyevich, management of the factory was taken over by his son, Sergei Ivanovich Lyamin, a hereditary honorary citizen, member of the Moscow City Duma (1889-1904 and 1905-1908).
Sergei Ivanovich launched extensive construction in Yakhroma: two barracks for 2,500 people, four houses for employees, two new bridges, a new brick factory, a school, a theater are being built... The first electric light bulbs in the Dmitrov district lit up in the buildings and administrative buildings of the factory in 1900- m year, thanks to the efforts of their owners, who invited the well-known company Ericsson for electrical equipment.
An old narrow-gauge railway approaching the factory gates, along which nothing has been transported for a long time...
Prices were also revised towards the maximum - workers' wages increased. A worker of average qualification received about 20 rubles a month - an amount comparable to the pay of a teacher in a gymnasium in the city of Dmitrov.
However, threatening times were already approaching for merchants and manufacturers...
In 1911, apparently anticipating the coming difficult and tragic times, the Lyamins sold the factory to the famous industrialist and philanthropist Prokhorov, head of the Prokhorov Manufactory Partnership, with whom the Lyamins had long had business cooperation. This ended the “Lyamin period” in the history of the Pokrovskaya manufactory.
After the revolution of 1917, the descendants of the Lyamin family were mainly forced to emigrate (in 2008, the great-grandson of Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, Ivan Ivanovich Lyamin, and his wife Louise, who currently live in France, visited Yakhroma), and the Pokrovskaya manufactory still exists , however, it is now oh so far from the scale of a century ago...
So, after wandering a little inside the factory, let's return to Kuznetsov Square.
In its center stands another military obelisk. 
This memorial is dedicated to the memory of the residents of Yakhroma who went to war and did not return from it... 
Another place for recreation for residents of Yahrom with small children is the Children's Park, adjacent to Kuznetsov Square - behind a cozy wooden fence on a specially designated area there are many houses, swings and carousels, on which little people happily climb
And next to it is a nice flower shop “Romashka”... 
And hardworking gnome gardeners 
In the mornings they squint in the sun's rays, and at night they admire the starry sky 
Even though it’s a city, the surroundings at the entrances are quite homely 
Yakhroma masterpieces 
Modern school on the outskirts 
Another monument to the soldiers of the 1st Shock Army who liberated the city from a short-term occupation - this time to the valiant artillerymen. The ZIS-5 gun was installed on December 3, 1966, during the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow.
The mosaic end of the house, glorifying the work of Yakhroma weavers, was apparently also quite tattered in the turbulent 90s, as a result of which part of the panel disappeared into space or was expropriated by local craftsmen
Another semi-abandoned red brick object was discovered by me at the back of the Yakhroma bakery. This is a former barracks for workers who were resettled at the turn of the 90s, and since then the building has gaped with empty window sockets and is slowly collapsing. Curiosity, of course, prompted me to go inside.
Ancient history of the land and origin of the name
People began to settle on the banks of the Yakhroma River since ancient times; this is confirmed by the “Peremilovskoye Selishche” of the Slavs - the only archaeological monument discovered in these places and dating back to researchers of the 11th-12th centuries. Many of the local villages have a centuries-old history. Thus, the village of Peremilovo is mentioned in documents under the year 1544, mention of the village of Andreevskoye is contained in the Exchange Charter of 1566, Semeshki and Leonovo appear in the scribe books of the early 17th century, and the villages of Kovshino, Pochinki, Podolino, Surovtsovo - in documents of the early 18th century .
The name of the Yakhroma River, which later came to the city, according to one version, means “lake river” from the extinct Meryan language. According to another version, the river on which it is located received its name by chance: the Grand Duchess, who was visiting with the prince in these places, allegedly stumbled while getting out of the cart and cried out: “I am lame.”
In the 16th century, the border between Kamensky and Povelsky camps passed along the Yakhroma River in the area of the current city.
Lyamina Factory
The predecessor of the modern city of Yakhroma was a village that grew up on the river of the same name around a cloth factory, one of the oldest in. The factory was founded in 1841 near the village of Surovtsovo by the landowner of the village of Adreevskoye Ponomarev. Having changed several owners over the next fifteen years, in 1856 the factory passed to the Moscow merchant of the 1st guild Nikolai Ivanovich Kaulin, who laid the foundation for paper weaving production. Two years later, in 1858, the factory, which by that time was called Andreevskaya, was bought by Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, a famous industrialist and public figure, founder (in 1866) of the Moscow Merchant Bank, Moscow mayor (1871-1873). I. A. Lyamin made this acquisition under the influence of his father-in-law, a major merchant of the 1st guild, Semyon Loginovich Lepeshkin.
Ivan Artemyevich gave his enterprise a new name - Pokrovskaya manufactory, after the name of the Intercession Church in the village of Andreevskoye. Lyamin acquired the production, which at that time was in the process of reconstruction and did not spare funds for its equipment, entrusting this matter to the director F. F. Boardman. Already by 1860, under the leadership of Boardman, a three-story spinning building was completed, an English steam engine was installed, and “Selfactor mule machines” were installed in the spinning workshop. In 1860, on 11,816 spinning spindles, the production of yarn amounted to 15,150 poods for a total amount of 195,448 rubles; 58,725 pieces of woolen fabric, calico and calico worth 338,999 rubles were produced. The factory employed 1,116 people.
Over the next ten years, an additional building was added to the main spinning building, English equipment powered by a second steam engine was purchased, a brick factory equipped with two kilns, two gas factories, a mechanical workshop, and a fire station were erected to service the production. The production buildings and part of the street were now illuminated by gas lamps. According to the assessment of the district zemstvo, in 1870 the total cost of buildings and equipment at I. A. Lyamin’s factory amounted to 425 thousand rubles.
In 1875, the “Paper Spinning and Weaving Factory of the Pokrovskaya Manufactory Partnership” was created, its owner, Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, became the chairman of the board, as well as the managing director of the enterprise. The factory produced calico, calico, and molexin from American, Turkmen, Transcaucasian, and Egyptian cotton. For finishing, the fabrics were sent to the Presnenskaya cotton-printing manufactory.
On the initiative of the owner, residential buildings are built for workers, a hospital is opened at the factory with a staff of paramedics and doctors, a kindergarten, a school, and later a college. The News of the Day newspaper wrote that at the Lyamin factory, the children of workers studied in schools at the factory, including craft schools, for free. The workers were confident in the future; even during periods of crisis, Ivan Artemyevich did not fire anyone or reduce wages.
On July 5, 1892, on the territory of modern Yakhroma, with a large crowd of people, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity was solemnly founded. The construction of the temple, which was built at the expense of I. A. Lyamin and allocated several hundred thousand rubles for these purposes, was completed in 1895. Trinity Church became at that time the largest temple in Dmitrovsky district.
After the death of Ivan Artemyevich in 1894, management of the factory passed to his son and heir Sergei Ivanovich Lyamin, who began a large-scale reconstruction at the enterprise: new equipment was installed, a new boiler house building, and a power plant were built. In Yakhroma, Sergei Ivanovich launched extensive construction: a cinema was built for workers, two new bridges were erected, two barracks for 2,500 people, four houses for employees, a brick factory, a theater, a school, and in 1900, electric lighting was installed for the first time in the district. In addition, workers' wages were revised upward. A worker of average qualification now received about 20 rubles a month, this amount was comparable to the salary of a gymnasium teacher in the city of Dmitrov.
But due to the reforms of the new owner, a conflict arises with the director of the factory, Boardman. He was forced to leave Yakhroma and, offended by Sergei Ivanovich, began to create obstacles for him, blocking established markets for his products. Re-equipping the factory cost a lot of money, and the products sold poorly. The Board of the Partnership expressed complaints to the new management and decided to return F. F. Boardman to the post of director. Sergei Ivanovich Lyamin left the Pokrovskaya manufactory. Anticipating troubled times, Boardman curtailed construction and all social programs and introduced fines.
The director and manager of the manufactory becomes Sergei Ivanovich’s brother, Semyon Ivanovich Lyamin, who was one of the most active and authoritative members of the Moscow Duma, whose name was recorded in the Golden Book of the Russian Empire for 1905-1909.
In 1900, traffic on the Savelovskaya railway was opened, and the next year the Yakhroma railway station opened next to the village, after which the village received the same name.
After the death of Semyon Ivanovich Lyamin in 1911, his widow Elena Grigorievna, realizing that she could not cope with managing the factory and village economy, sold the factory to Prokhorov, her sister’s husband, a famous industrialist, philanthropist, head of the Prokhorov Manufactory Partnership, with whom the Lyamins had long collaborated .
The last industrial boom at the factory in pre-revolutionary times took place in 1910-1913, when it employed about 6 thousand people. In 1914, the volume of finished products exceeded 290 thousand pounds.
After the October Revolution
After the revolution, the factory in Yakhroma was nationalized. In the summer of 1918, a new administration was appointed to the enterprise, which included L.N. Zagarin, I.A. Klyatov, F.I. Komkov, K. Mashechkin and others. In 1921, machines and machines began to work at the factory again, much of the credit for this belonged to the first Red director Klyatov.
In 1922, the first pioneer detachment appeared at school No. 1 of the village, Evgenia Vasilievna Minina became its leader. In 1923, he gave a lecture on the international situation at the Yakhroma club. N.A. Semashko and others visited the village at different times. Yakhroma was famous for its developed physical education movement and its athletes.
In 1924, the population of the village reached 6,700 people, and by 1926 it exceeded 8 thousand people. In 1928, the factory village of Yakhroma received the status of a workers' village. In 1929, a new nine-year school was opened and a bakery was built. In 1930, the villages of Krasny (of 17 residential buildings), Stakhanovsky (of 3 houses) and Gorny were built.
In 1931, a resolution was issued by the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on the construction of the Moscow-Volga Canal named after. Construction in these places took place from 1932 to 1937. by prisoners stationed in camps along the entire length of the canal. The labor army of Dmitlag consisted of 700 thousand prisoners of the Canal Army. On April 17, 1937, the Moscow-Volga Canal was filled with water, and on July 15, the first permanent navigation along the canal, renamed in 1947 as the Canal named after. Moscow.
During the Great Patriotic War
In May 1941, the Yakhroma floodplain was declared a “people's construction site”; extensive work began on the development of the floodplain, but it was interrupted by the war.
On June 25, the City Party Committee decided to switch to organizing work under wartime conditions. In August - November, construction of defensive structures began. In October, it was subjected to the first German air raids, and the first civilian casualties occurred. A decision is made to evacuate institutions and enterprises in the Dmitrovsky district and the city of Yakhroma.
In November - December, in the Yakhroma region there were bloody battles with the fascist invaders who were trying to bypass from the north. In the Dmitrov direction the enemy was advancing with two tank, two infantry and one motorized divisions. On the night of November 27-28, 1941, the advanced units of the 7th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht captured Yakhroma at the cost of heavy losses and crossed to the eastern bank of the canal. The 29th and 50th rifle brigades of the 1st Shock Army fought fierce battles to liberate the Peremilov Heights from the Nazis. On November 29, in order to block the path of German troops to a further offensive, bridges and hydraulic structures of the canal in Yakhroma, Dmitrov and.
Yakhroma was under occupation for only 9 days. Already on December 6, a general counteroffensive of units of the 1st Shock Army began and on December 7, 1941, the city was liberated from the fascist invaders, becoming the first city in the USSR liberated from the Germans.
From January to June 1942, work was carried out to restore road bridges across the canal in Yakhroma and Dmitrov, as well as the railway bridge in Dedenev. Production at the spinning and weaving factory was partially restored. In 1943, for high performance in delivering bread, vegetables and potatoes to the front, the Dmitrovsky district was awarded the Challenge Red Banner of the State Defense Committee. Three residents of Yakhroma became Heroes of the Soviet Union: Pyotr Khudov, Konstantin Kiryanov and Nikolai Rogov.
Post-war period and modern times
In 1945, large-scale restoration work was launched in the city: the buildings of the spinning and weaving factory were actually rebuilt, major repairs were made to the Moskovskaya, Vodyana, 1st and 2nd Pochinkovskaya barracks, three kindergartens were restored, and the work of waterworks was established.
In 1946, the stadium was rebuilt in Yakhroma, and at the same time the newspaper “Yakhroma Textile Worker” began to be published. In 1947, a school for working youth was opened. The factory apprenticeship school was restored. In 1951, a swimming pool was built at the stadium.
In 1952, the Yakhromskaya factory was completely restored. A pasta workshop was opened in the Trinity Cathedral. On August 2, 1954, by a special Decree, the Yakhroma Spinning and Weaving Factory was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In 1955, school No. 2 was commissioned in the city, and P.K. Kuznetsova became its first director. In 1956, a new House of Culture was erected on the site of the club destroyed during the war.
In 1961, the Yakhroma Sports Museum was opened, with N.F. Komkov becoming its director. In 1963, a new school building No. 3 was commissioned. In 1965, a new clinic opened, and V.I. Remnev was appointed its chief physician. In 1966, as part of the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the defeat of German troops near Moscow, monuments were opened in the city of Yakhroma: the ZIS-5 cannon (December 3), the monument to the defenders of Moscow on Peremilovskaya Heights and the Obelisk to the fallen Yakhroma residents (December 6). In 1969, a reinforced concrete bridge was built across the Yakhroma River.
In 1981, 22 large-panel 60-apartment buildings on Lenin Street and 8 residential buildings on Bolshevistskaya Street were commissioned. Construction of the Left Bank microdistrict has begun.
In 1992, a therapeutic department was opened in the city hospital. In 1995, services were resumed in the Trinity Cathedral. In the same year, on October 5, eight-year school No. 1 received a new building on the Left Bank. In 1997, the Volen sports park opened for city residents.
On October 29, 2001, Yakhromsky residents celebrated the 160th anniversary of the factory, transformed into JSC Yakhromsky Textiles. In 2006, the newspaper “Yakhromskie Vesti” began to be published. In 2007, the completely renovated Yakhroma House of Culture celebrated its 50th anniversary. In 2008, large-scale landscaping work was carried out in the city: the central park and children's playground were restored, roads and sidewalks were repaired, children's playgrounds were built, and the surrounding areas and entrances of houses were put in order.
In 2008, the great-grandson of the manufacturer Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, to whom the city owes its creation, visited Yakhroma - Ivan Ivanovich Lyamin and his wife Louise, currently living in France.