Why does the wind blow and what temperature is called negative? Why do the winds blow? Why does wind arise? The meaning of wind in nature.

The balance between received and emitted energy is positive. Under these conditions, tropical regions must constantly warm and polar regions must cool indefinitely. In equatorial regions, air heated by the earth rises. In subtropical regions, although the sun provides a lot of energy, the heat balance is negative because the lands located at these latitudes reflect a significant portion of the energy received. Thus, these areas represent sinking zones of air that was carried in the high atmosphere to the equator and which lost its moisture in the form of rain.

The air that descends in this zone is therefore hot and dry, which explains the deserts at these latitudes. This creates an anticyclone zone. Due to the Earth's rotation, the air is subject to what is called a geostrophic force, which causes air to blow in the northern hemisphere, leaving low pressures to the left. From the north to the equator there will therefore be light winds from the East, followed by strong winds from the West, around the Iceland depression zone, this is for the North Atlantic. South of this depression the wind will blow from the east around the northern surface of the Acurs anticyclone and we will find the circulation of the component eastwards to Ecuador.

It is worth noting that when ascending to altitude in a zone where the temperature decreases with height, the so-called troposphere, the polar anticyclone, from the cold of these areas, is replaced by depression. Wind is the result of convective movements and vectors of air masses in the atmosphere. This movement of the mass-d "air from" an area of ​​the Earth's surface with high pressure to an area of ​​low pressure in the presence of two points with different atmospheric pressure creates a force called a pressure gradient force or a gradient of force that acts by pressing on the mass-d "air for felt" to restore the balance. d "the air flow does not work in a direct path from one point to" another, that is, with the same direction of the gradient force, but suffers the force due to the Coriolis deflection, which tends to move it to the right in the "northern hemisphere and to the left in" the southern hemisphere . Because of this effect, the wind blows parallel to the isobar. in this case we are talking about geostrophic wind.

In the absence of instrumentation, wind speed can be estimated by observing the effects it produces on trees, chimneys, and free water. Winds are classified into constant, periodic, local and cyclonic. The prevailing winds are those that blow all year in the same direction and in the same sense. These include trade winds, extratropical winds and westerly winds. Trade winds form in the tropical zones of the anticyclone and converge towards the equatorial one. The winds blow extratropically in the equatorial bands, where, when heated, they form rising masses of warm, moist air. westerly winds blowing between 35° and 60°, and from southwest to northeast in the northern hemisphere and from north west to south east to south.

Periodic winds are said to change their value periodically. The season may be seasonal, as in the monsoon or ethereal, or even as diurnal, as in the case of rocks. Monsoons are characteristic of the seas of the Indian Ocean and China. Between breezes there are three types: sea and shore breeze, lake and shore, mountain and valley breezes.

On entry and exit, the breezes blow instead from valley to mountain during the day and from mountain to valley during the night. Local winds, characteristic of temperate zones where they blow irregularly when you create cyclonic and anticyclonic areas, are many and often associated with local nomenclature, depending on the area in which they are received. In the "affected zone from the Mediterranean Sea is used to classify winds depending on the direction from which the pattern of the main is dictated by the wind rose, a restoration" of the old nomenclature as a result of "ancient Greece, which is supposed" observer in the center of the Ionian Sea, northwest of the Aegean Islands , towards Sicily.

And that is why the south wind, the northeast wind and the southwest are so named because, at that moment, Syria is in the southeast, Greece is in the northeast and southwest of Libya. To graphically represent the origin of the winds, we are accustomed to the so-called “Wind Rose”. It looks like a four-digit star, each pointing to the cardinal point from which a particular wind comes.

Another "important" classification of wave-based winds associated with the local conditions of each site you want to report is as follows. "prevailing winds": they have a "high frequency of occurrence" dominant winds: they are characterized by high speeds.

It is known that winds that can simultaneously present two high-frequency and high-speed characteristics predominate. North = Tramontana is a generally dry, fairly strong cold wind blowing from north to south, and is generally a good carrier. Overtaking the Alps and passing northern Italy emerge in the Apennine Mountains and dry up over Central Italy.

He can reach extreme violence and persist for more days. In the Gulf of Lion it is called Gregal and in the Balearic Islands Gurgal to all the strong and cold winds coming from the northeast. These winds are caused by meteorological conditions different from those that make our Grekale. East = Levant is the wind coming from the Balkans.

South East = Sirocco influences the weather in the southern Mediterranean. The wind is southeast and is initially a warm and dry wind when it comes from the desert. But the passage over the sea is wet and comes to the coast of Italy like a damp wind and a rain bush. It can hit the Ionian Sea and the low and middle Adriatic Sea hard when the center of the depression moves to Sicily, in fact the configuration of the Adriatic Sea basin, whose greatest length is in the direction of the wind, also contributes to the canalization of those air currents that do not have precisely this direction.

Its action at high tide is associated with the phenomenon of high water in Venice. Sirocco can be established in all seasons, but its maximum frequency is observed in spring and autumn. The Sikrok cyclone is characterized by strong winds, cloudy skies, fog and intermittent rain.

It is established when a deep depression emanating from the Mediterranean, West or North Africa approaches the western Italian seas. When the same wind of winds along the Libyan coast is called Ghibli. South = Austro wind is warm and humid, which winds from the south.

Southwest = Libeccio comes from the southwest and is very common in the western basin, where it feels its effects as far as the Gulf of Genoa. Being closely associated with depressions that form in the western Mediterranean, it can suddenly develop with extreme violence and high turbulence. All the phenomena that accompany these paroxysms, the consequences of which are sometimes very serious and are mainly felt on the Tyrrhenian coast, are the name of Libecciata. In Adriatic Libeccio there is sporadic wind, and summer can last only a few hours.

And the wind that follows the rapid disturbances originating from the Atlantic of our latitudes. North-West = Maestral is called Mistral in the Gulf of Lion and adjacent, it comes from the north-west and through the Rhone valley rushes into the Gulf of Lyon, acquiring speed and dryness. Along with Bora, this is the wind that takes on maximum speed. It can be installed in all seasons, although it is more common in spring and winter. It forms when there is a depression in or southeast of the Gulf of Lions, and at the same time there is high pressure from the Gulf of Genoa to the Alps.

It can last from several hours to three to four days, providing good weather and cloudy weather. The same wind on the northern shores of Sardinia, Sicily and Tyrannical is our Maestral, which, although it has the same characteristics as the "Mistral", is not so strong as the north-western states on the Adriatic Sea are of short duration and have more violence and persistence in the Otranto Channel, where they produce a strong shock in the sea.

Its characteristic is to be a "choppy" wind, or to appear in strong gusts alternating with an apparent calm wind. Relatively thick, dry continental Arctic air descends onto the Adriatic: in particular flowing through the “Gate of Postumia” or “Bora Gate”, as in general - the depression of the Alpine chain in the Julian Alps, between the Karst plateau of Mount Re and the group of Mount Nevoso - invests in the sector Triestina, weakening beyond a narrow slope bounded northwest by Monfalcone and southeast by northern white Istria.

Although it is greatly weakened, it is felt directly in Venice, in Chiogia and beyond. During the winter semester, this type of wind can reach 150 km/h and can last for several days. Also in Trieste, due to frequent snowy days, local time changes sharply and characteristically.

An old saying of old people from Venice Giulia, especially the river and Trieste, says that "Bora was born in Segna, she married in Rijeka and died in Trieste." Fena is a relatively warm and very dry wind that, through the Alpine valley, descends gustyly to the valley of the Po River, and from here, crossing the modest buttresses of the Northern Apennines, even goes to the coast of high Tuscany. In such situations, the accumulation of upper air masses in the Alps increases atmospheric pressure, and a deep depression occurs on the leeward side.

When he blows the hair dryer the temperature undergoes a rapid and significant increase, while the air becomes clear; clouds are absent, except lenticular, almost always isolated and with jagged edges. The regions most affected by the foehn are the "high Lombardy and Piedmont", where the average is recorded ten days" per year. The occurrence of this phenomenon produces, during the winter and spring seasons, avalanches, due to a sharp increase in temperature. The prerequisite for the genesis of the foehn and twenty other similar so-called descendants is the presence of mountain ranges quite high.