Who is on the ship's crew? Command words and phrases Sea commands on a sailing ship

Dictionary of naval jargon- contains slang phrases and words used to varying degrees by sailors of the navy and merchant fleet. Some words are known and used in everyday life not only by ship crews, but also by people who have nothing to do with the sea. Some of the terms are outdated, but that is why their meanings in the fleet are no less interesting.

Dictionary

A

Sailors after an emergency

Avacha - an active volcano in Kamchatka, as well as the name of a Navy auxiliary ship.

Huckster – head of a grocery and/or clothing store (warehouse, storage, pantry).

Bacillus - 1). an inexperienced boatswain who sometimes does more harm than good. 2). an orderly or paramedic from among the sailors or foremen of conscription service on a ship.

Without fawn - without failure, secretly, conspiratorially, secretly.

Beluga – underwear, shirt, long johns.

Damn (tankern) - a plug for the manifold (probably in consonance with the English blind flange).

Blackout - (English BLACK OUT) - complete blackout of the ship.

Beaver - fat, stupid, sloppy, soft-bodied, heat-loving “mama’s boy.”

Combat life - warship.

Fighter - a sailor whose last name I can’t remember, a sailor from someone else’s crew, just a sailor.

Swamp - we’re walking along the green road, calm.

Big tidy - weekly Sodom and Gomorrah on the ship. A means of maintaining cleanliness and gloss. A method for identifying sailor skerries. A way to save an officer (midshipman) from going ashore. Emphasizes the superiority of cleanliness and order over reason. It ends with washing the personnel.

Borzometer - level of internal self-control. The borzometer burned out (went off scale) - the limit of someone’s impudence clearly exceeded the permissible norms.

Boatswain - a sailor from the boatswain's crew.

BMRT type "Pioneer of Latvia"

BP - combat training.

Brigade - several ships.

Armored, Armadilloed, "Armored Bearer" - in FESCO a vessel of reinforced ice class.

BS - combat service. Same as autonomous.

Bagel, aka C-piece (tankern) - a pipe for connecting two manifolds.

Primer - the book in general and instructions in particular. (from Konetsky).

Paper Grandfather - a military serviceman called up for 1 year after graduating from university and having served six months of service.

Buffet - steward, messenger. Sets tables, washes dishes, helps cook.

Buffalo - barmaid.

Warhead - combat unit, naval unit. Warheads are divided into groups.

Varkul – a “gentle” strike with the palm of the hand on the neck.

Watch - duty.

All-night watch - colloquial, joking - watch while staying in a port or roadstead (berthing watch) from 00.00 to 8.00 - i.e. all night long.

Watch - ship duty.

Watch - to be on duty, to keep watch.

Introductory - an unexpected task, assignment, business trip or stupid situation to which you need to react smartly. A service task without a standard solution.

Vvodnyak - almost the same as the “introductory” one, but in a worse version, completely unexpected. When such a “B” is received, unprintable comments usually follow, heartbreaking wishes to the corresponding commander (chief), and his psychological and service characteristics are also spelled out. Also unprintable.

Great Ship Devourer - nickname for the Goodwin Shoals off the southeast coast of England.

Great Migration - let’s say the following situation is created: on a ship (quite large and decent) going to sea on an important mission, a large group of high-staff officers, some kind of press group, ensemble, etc. are following. But a ship, even a large one, is not a cruise ship; only the minimum required number of service personnel and combat crew can live on it, i.e. crew . And even then in very spartan conditions. In this case, usually the officers move to the midshipmen's cabins, the midshipman to the crew quarters, and the sailors and foremen to combat posts. On submarines, such relocation is caused by the most insignificant presence of “supernumerary” officers.

Twist the holes (hole) - colloquial arr. - receive an award, order. The orders are attached to the form through a hole using a screw.

Paddle - a tablespoon. Sometimes the “oar” is a training one - the ship’s comedians drill a hole in the “rowing” part of the spoon and write the index next to it - “Training”.

Take it by the nostril - joking. - take in tow.

City of Vladivostok - Vladik

Wine parallels (or latitudes) - joking. - a strip (belt) of the tropics, in which the crews of Soviet fishing vessels received (until 1985) “tropical” wine (300 g per day). Diluted with water, it quenches thirst well.

Vira – up.

Virtue - colloquial lift up or choose, drag towards oneself, towards oneself.

Turn on the time machine - to swell.

Vladik - colloquial nickname - Vladivostok.

Get stuck - get into trouble, get into something, get an order for dirty work, get into trouble.

Get into recycling - overtime work with fixed overtime.

Navy - Navy.

Diving underwear - chic pants and camel wool sweater.

Voenmor - military sailor.

Military team - “a military command has arrived...”, the expression means an order, instruction, instruction, etc., which is distinguished by the paradoxical nature of the tasks set, the illogicality of the proposed execution methods and the surprising unacceptability of the deadlines. Right down to: “Complete yesterday.” And it comes true...

Navy Chest - everything above the knees and below the chin.

Stinky - monetary unit of South Korea. 1 stinky = 1,000 Won.

Arm - make for action. “Arm a sailing ship” - provide the necessary spars and rigging, install them in place and bring the ship into a condition suitable for sailing. “Arm the pump” - prepare the pump for action. “Arm the yard” - equip (rig) the yard and attach to it all the necessary rigging accessories to control and operate it.

Training spoon - paddle

Vovaner (Blubber) - colloquial in the language of whalers of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. - chief harpooner, whose duties also included overseeing the cutting of whales and rendering of blubber and whale oil (fat).

Sparrow - a bird that is not found in Kamchatka.

Voroshilovka - an alcoholic drink made from stolen “shil”.

Enemies, mechs - mechanics.

Rub - convince, prove, persuade.

Sniff, sniff – create problems for young people and young people, dump unpleasant work and responsibilities on them.

You - an appeal to a subordinate that carries a hidden threat and malicious intent.

Soak the anchors - joking. - to stand at anchor for a long time. “The past frosty winter piled up a solid field of ice near Kronstadt, the April sun did not have time to melt it, and the ships now had to soak anchors” in the Tallinn roadstead until the icebreakers paved the way.”.

Bulging naval eye - a universal measure for dosing, determining distances, the strength of something, the quantity and sufficiency of military, chemical, explosives, medications, etc. without the necessary calculations and measurements. Most likely it follows the rule “More is better than less” so that there is enough for everyone and everything. Based on previous results obtained through our own empirical means, this is a positive factor, the second version: when we heard about this experience somewhere or saw something. This is a dangerous option! This is where the prerequisites for accidents and disasters arise, and they are the same with or without casualties. It is also used when pouring alcohol into glasses - this is the least dangerous area of ​​application of this device.

Pass out - fall asleep instantly, sleep soundly.

Tower - higher educational institution, higher education.

wallow - to lie around, do nothing, rest idly.

G

Signal bridge - "dovecote"

Gas - strong alcoholic drinks.

screw - 1). Assignment, introduction, order. Catching, chewing a nut - practice fulfilling this order. 2). A star in pursuit.

Galimy (galimaya) - empty, bare, not meeting standards.

Training tack - failure, something did not happen, efforts were wasted.

Good - 1). Permission to do something. Carte blanche for all command and engineering actions for the benefit of the service. 2). Geographic latitude of a place.

DP - 1) Additional rations. 2) An additional day of arrest in the guardhouse for special distinction in the fight against the rules established there or for simple indignation at them in front of the bright eyes of local commanders. 3). Badge for DP - reward token “For a long journey”.

Scrub - (someone) strictly reprimand someone. - from “to scrub the deck, a piece of copper”, in the same meaning - “to sand.”

Crushed - banned, canceled, ruined personal plans and hopes.

Fraction - prohibit, from the ceasefire command “Shot!”

Oak trees - overhead elements symbolizing oak leaves and attached to the visor of the caps of senior officers and admirals.

Madhouse - 1). An artificial state of increased operational activity on a ship, at the headquarters of a formation in anticipation of some important event or another upcoming inspection. 2). Assessment of the level of organization and military management in one single military unit or on a ship. 3). A usual assessment of the moral and psychological situation in a military institution the day before, during an exercise or another inspection by high headquarters. 4). An assessment of the surrounding situation from an outsider who finds himself in the thick of military service for the first time. In short - MADNESS!

Duchka - (from Polish ducza - hole) - a hole, a hole, a depression, a hole in a latrine, over which a sailor crouches to relieve himself and think about how to live further.

Smoke into the chimney, firewood into the original! - finish an event, lesson, training, exercise.

HER

E...Japanese policeman - a decent curse word. The pause must be executed masterfully.

Yoprst! - quite a decent curse. Can be used at home and with children.

AND

To gasp - to accomplish, to accomplish, to do in one go, to drink in one breath, to explode.

Stomach - a young soldier who doesn’t know how to do anything other than eat food on time.

Liquid dollar - alcohol, “awil”, any other alcoholic drink used to resolve the issue of purchasing something needed for a ship or for personal use. Previously, especially during the Gorbachev period, this currency had a high price and was very widely circulated.

eat - it is unproductive to spend anything beyond the established norms. For example: “Run out of soap again? Are you eating it or what?”.

Z

Score - to be indifferent, to refuse, not to pay attention.

drive, drive, bend - come up with or say, offer something unusual, funny, stupid or very smart, creative, meaningful.

The political officer conducts training with personnel

Butt covered in shells (printed, softer version of the expression) - a person who served a lot and for a long time on ships. By analogy with a ship, whose bottom becomes overgrown with various shells over time, especially in the southern seas.

Flight - violation of any official or unofficial rule, custom, tradition, offense, punishment for an offense.

Zaletchik - (who has committed a disciplinary offense and received appropriate punishment).

Deputy - a gray cardinal, the second person on the ship after the Commander. A smart guy to whom the NSS is not applied.

Political officer - deputy commander of the ship for political affairs.

Find direction - pay attention, take into account. Even start some actions if it comes to beauty or the extraction of any benefits and pleasures.

To fumble, to fumble - hide, go behind the “ball” or hide in a hiding place (skerry).

Zimbabwe - a country where everything is better than ours.

Sold - soldier.

AND

IDA, Idashka - individual breathing apparatus with a waterproof suit. In the bag. Scuba cylinders, as a rule, are not “filled”, i.e. no pressure inside. It is difficult to escape.

Inventory property - eternal, according to the “clothing experts”, items: Canadian jacket, fur pants to go with it, PSh, binoculars, Veri (name of the inventor) signal pistol, bed, boots, etc. It is written off after a hundred years, or during a storm, with an entry in the logbook: “During the repair of the anchor device during a storm (sea state 8 points), the navigator was washed overboard, carrying: 2 Canadian boots, 4 fur pants, a Veri pistol on his chest and binoculars in his pocket, 6 sets of PSh and 9 sets diving underwear. The anchoring device was repaired, the navigator was saved by supplying 6 berths with additional buoyancy given to them, by tying rack boots (23 pcs.) and reinforced with 30 meters of mooring line. The navigator threw off all the clothes he was wearing to stay afloat. The bunks, due to the buoyancy of water, sank along with it.”. Signature, seal, write-off.

Turkey - inspector.

Integral - a hook (abgaldyr) curved in a special way, designed for removing various bookmarks made by personnel from behind instruments and from “skerries”, or for bringing far-hidden garbage into the light of day.

Yo hi dy - a decent curse word.

Spanish collar - a guitar placed on the head of a sailor-bard.

Perform "Chain" - go home (from the signal “C” (chain), which according to the code means “Return to your connection”).

TO

Quarantine – the place where conscripts (young soldier course) or those who fell ill during an epidemic serve their initial term of stay.

Barracks - overnight accommodation for submarine personnel when the boat is not at sea.

Kalabakha - sailor carpenter. There are kalabakhs in the fleet to this day :-).

Kalabashnaya - Kalabakha workshop.

Kaptyorka – a storage room with certificates and personal belongings of military personnel.

Carp - dirty socks.

crucian carp - young sailor.

Jock, Jock – engaging in sports physical exercises to the point of exhaustion.

Sailor in flared trousers

Throw - to deceive, to cheat.

Klesha - naval trousers wide from the knee. Loved by years old and patrols.

Knecht - Bosun's head. That’s why they say you can’t sit on a bollard.

Carpet, “carpet challenge” - analysis of mistakes, unpleasant conversation with the boss. This word seems to be of general use, but among sailors it has a more pronounced meaning - standing on a threadbare carpet (or carpet) in the commander’s cabin, you feel uncomfortable due to the low ceiling and are also forced to bow your head, as if in recognition of guilt.
Goat, KZ - short circuit.

Cook - cook in the navy.

Commander of the ship - the most important and respected person in the Navy. Behind the scenes is called a cap or master. When addressed directly: “Comrade Commander!” Calling by military rank is bad manners and terry army stuff.

Brigade commander - brigade commander.

Dresser - part-commander. A common abbreviation for a job title. This is nothing, from the classical marine paintings of L. Sobolev and S. Kolbasyev the following name is known: “ZamKom for MorDe” - deputy commander of the front (army) for naval affairs (during the Civil War).

Lump - uniform camouflage suit.

Compote - regiment commander.

End – any non-metal cable.

Double bass - contract serviceman.

Ship - armed vessel, incl. Submarine.

Koresh, corefan - a friend of deep-rooted brotherly friendship.

King of water, shit and steam - usually 4 mechanics, because all this is under his control.

Mower - 1000 rubles.

Jamb, jamb – make professional mistakes, sloppiness, imperfections, incorrectness.

Crab - cockade on the headdress. The second meaning is a handshake.

Curva - a noun used to enhance a negative assessment: “K., not a sailor!”.

Piece - a contract specialist soldier, usually a warrant officer or midshipman.

L

Sailor berths

Laiba - ship.

Lariska, Lara - an insolent ship rat.

Lieutenant - not yet an officer.

Libido - a decent curse word. For example: “I’ll break your Libido...”.

Personnel - all military personnel. For example, the personnel of a ship, brigade, or Armed Forces. Something without which it would be easy to serve.

Lobar - a “gentle” poke with a palm on the forehead or on the forehead.

Lychka - narrow stripe on shoulder straps: 1 stripe - corporal, senior sailor, 2 stripes - junior sergeant, foreman 2 articles, 3 stripes - sergeant, foreman 1 article, 1 wide stripe - senior sergeant, chief foreman. Badges are visual signs of professional and status skill and seniority.

Sea to the castle (ironic) - the state or end of the service process in a given period. Usually this expression refers to officers of the coastal, headquarters service. A ship in any condition, like a workshop with a continuous production cycle, can never be left unattended. Perhaps only temporarily, going on vacation or being part of a “similar shift”.

Sailor - any person who served in the civil or naval fleet or was initiated into sailors during the transition of iconic places and geographical coordinates (for example, the equator).

Bloodworm - motor mechanic.

Moodle - a derivative of poodle, asshole and midsection. A very offensive curse word.

Mukhosransk - ghost town.

N

Abuse - promise of trouble. For example: “Again you have a mess. Just wait, I’m going to abuse you...".

Strained - burden, deprivation, constant anxiety, painful mood, stress, resentment, vindictive anger.

People - affectionate address to the crew.

Nachpo - head of the political department. Engineer of human souls. Dear father to Pavlikov Morozov.

Neprukha - a chain of failures, bad luck in the service.

Seal - an eared seal with a mustache, outwardly similar to a bald elderly man.

Hazing relationships - bad, the same as the anniversary.

Non-statutory (non-statutory) - shoes, cap, stars, crab, etc., that is, beautiful, comfortable, good.

hazing - the practice of hazing - “hazing” in the army, “Year anniversary” - in the navy.

Bottoms - the premises of the ship on the lower deck, as well as personnel located or working in the premises of the lower deck.

Nora - cabin.

NSS - collection, incomplete official compliance. This is followed by removal from office.

ABOUT

Get yourself covered - to play it safe, to prevent the onset of troubles from likely directions. Literally: surround yourself with milestones from all dangerous directions.

Go around downwind - 1). Make sure you don’t get noticed, don’t get “sniffed.” 2). Pass tests conditionally, by agreement. 3). Somehow to get rid of the upcoming inspection. 3). Avoid inevitable trouble.

Sawed-off shotgun – any metal container for liquid (galvanized bucket, basin, pan).

OVR - a connection of ships guarding a water area, usually small ones. The place where smart people are written off (see below). Heroic but stupid people serve in the OVR. Excellent sailors, hardened by the sea, penalties and eternal isolation from their families. There are two ways from the OVR - either to the academy or to the construction battalion (see below). There are exceptions, such as transfer to a large ship, but they are not typical.

Maggot - lazy sailor.

Order - an award given mainly to staff and coastal officers.

We swam, we know! - an ironic exclamation, meaning that the subordinate or the person being inspected used an ancient, tired of everyone, trick or justification for his mistakes, which once upon a time, but in the past, the commander or the inspector himself used with equal success.

flatten - to pinch, to infringe, to crush, to humiliate, but without visible offenses (without flogging).

Shave - to reassure and deceive, to expose completely.

Fit (fit) - gift (to give).

Get blown up - jump up, stand up, jump away, run away.

Subscription - contract service agreement.

Injure yourself - denting the ship’s hull during inept mooring.

Down with the peace, out of the excitement! - (mockery) urgently performing work that could have been done a long time ago. Preparing for the arrival of a high commission, sparing neither the effort nor the time of subordinates.

Buyer - an officer who arrives for young recruits and escorts them to the military unit.

Polmarsos - (mocking) political and moral state. For example, to the question: “How is half of Marsos?”, there should have been a qualified answer: “On the hatch!”, i.e. at a high ideological level.

Half a hundred - fifty. It comes from the need to eliminate erroneous auditory perception of the numbers 50 and 60 during radiotelephone conversations and voice commands.

half-fool - an idiot to the extent of not even reaching the level of a fool. Very dangerous in both peace and war. Found in all military ranks.

Pom - assistant commander.

Washing - bathhouse, shower for personnel.

Confuse - to confuse, to make a mistake, to be deceived, to become confused, to stop obeying, to become insolent.

Pornography - or, as a subspecies, naval pornography 1). Something executed extremely poorly and carelessly, maintenance of equipment, management in violation of the existing rules and traditions of maritime culture. 2). A damaged uniform, altered in a special way. 3). On the contrary, the uniform that was issued directly from the warehouse is a couple of sizes larger.

Build - 1). educate, reprimand, scold. 2). show your professional superiority. “Why are you building me?” Those. Why are you finding fault, why are you commanding without having the right to do so?

Gathering - a rare type of encouragement for officers and midshipmen, expressed in a short visit with their family. Happening on schedule. Violated by the boss with sadistic pleasure. It would have been canceled altogether if not for the need of the Motherland for the next generations of naval officers. Severance from official duties. Interference with service.

Similar shift - change of officers, midshipmen, etc., who have the right, after the end of this working day, as well as all general events, to leave the ship before the appointed time. This is provided that they successfully completed the tasks of the commander, first mate, deputy and their commanders of combat units and received the go-ahead.

Dead reckoning - a navigator's term denoting graphical tracking of the ship's path on a map.

T

Flag of the Russian Pacific Fleet

Tabanit - slow down the process. Try to “slow down” the passage of a document, some kind of action, etc. This refers to the vigorous creation of artificial problems on the way to completing something new and useful. Especially for you personally.

Taska - the same as sadness, melancholy, doing nothing, dull movement in time and space, dragging, gawking, dull observation of others.

Dragging - comrade, a sailor’s address to a senior. To prevent a further decline in subordination, a response no less severe than: “I’m not a drag for you!”

Plod - enjoy, relax, indulge, have fun.

Brake - a stupid and slow-witted soldier who reacts slowly to instructions and orders.

Torpedo - a triangle made of plywood for stretching sailor trousers into “flares” of ugly sizes. The device was invented by Pupkin (see above). The second meaning is an underwater projectile.

Poison - give slack to the end (of the rope), tell naval tales, vomit food due to seasickness (after vodka they vomit, during seas they poison).

Bullying - a cheerful, friendly conversation, not interrupted by superiors and taking place in an informal atmosphere. In a formal setting, it is a manifestation of naval democracy. Contagious like the plague, endless like the Universe. The main occupation in the absence of superiors and in the company of women. Good with a glass, instead of a snack. With appetizer is dessert.

Three rings - this translates as: “three green beeps in the fog,” i.e. a signal meaning that the commander has left the ship also means that some of his subordinates can, without unnecessary noise, also join him in his wake to resolve personal issues on shore. These same three calls, but indicating the arrival of the commander on the ship, sharply increase the vigilance of the crew and the level of imitation of violent activity. For non-naval readers: THREE RINGS is not a tribute of respect or honor, it is a signal to the crew that the commander has arrived on the ship and has taken control of it, upon departure - that the senior officer has taken control of the ship, and now it is he who will lead the fight for survivability etc. in case something happens. So that the crew, if something happens, is not tormented by doubts about who to obey.

Uniforms No. 3 and No. 4

Three green beeps in the fog - 1) A conditioned signal of unknown meaning. 2) Signal, conditional words that have a second, true meaning for a limited group, in order to get rid of unwanted elements.

Three packages - a key phrase from an old military joke. Searching for excuses for mistakes before the command. The first package - at the beginning of the service, blame everything on the predecessor, the second - desperately repent of your own sins, the third - prepare to leave for a new duty station.

Trindets - the final and irrevocable end, amba, that's it.

Troika - uniform No. 3: flannel shirt, cloth trousers, leather boots.

Tropicka - tropical clothing, including a cap, jacket and shorts, as well as “slippers with holes”, i.e. lightweight sandals with lots of holes for ventilation.

Pipe - telephone handset. Here too, naval priority. Speaking pipes appeared in the navy even before telephones - on ships and coastal batteries.

Tubes - any local currency, except the dollar, euro and ruble. Even more often, the local currency is called X*yabriks.

You - a friendly address to a subordinate.

U

Dismissal – temporary exemption from military service, leaving the military unit for rest.

smart ass - a daring soldier. Awarded NSSom (see above).

Freaks - evaluation of superiors by subordinates and subordinates by superiors. Applicable to a group of smart people.

Charter - an official and unofficial set of military laws and regulations, everything that is required by the regulations for military personnel, the constitution of military service and statutory relations between all military personnel.

Training - training unit (division, crew, quarantine), in which conscripts receive initial military training.

F

Date fruit - a financier, officer or midshipman of the financial service, or acting as a freelance specialist of the financial service, receiving money at the cash desk and distributing allowances on the ship.

Wick – 1) Insert “wick” - currently an expression of general use, meaning scolding or reprimand. But its origin is originally naval. Once upon a time, in the darkness of the historical origins of the fleet, when there were no multi-flag codes of signals yet, the flagship, expressing dissatisfaction with the maneuver of the squadron ship, ordered the name of this ship and the lit and smoking fuse visible from afar to be raised “to its place.” Everything immediately became very clear to the captain of this ship. The expression “the fuse is still smoking” means that this boss is still under the impression of what happened, and it is better not to meddle with your problems to him. 2) The ship's projectionist, a popular person and irreplaceable on the ship, especially on weekends. Derived from the name of a once popular film magazine. Later, with the widespread introduction of VCRs, the social status of this freelance position fell sharply, since you don’t need to push a tape into the mouth of a shabby “video recorder” of intelligence and special knowledge; even the lowest fool is capable of this.

Chip (strem) – a place of being on guard, monitoring the situation, standing on guard, guarding a secret event, something distinctive, significant, eventful.

Flagship muscle - head of physical training and sports of the corresponding unit.

Sh

Shvartov - thick rope or cable.

Moor - moor to the pier and tie the ship to it using a mooring line.

Mooring crew - a group of clueless sailors, poorly trained by the boatswain and mate and with little knowledge of the Russian language, confusing “left” and “right”.

Skerries (geographical) in Turkey

Shelupon - small fish, children, young sailors, junior officers, ships of the OVR formation (see above) from the bridge of the cruiser.

Chief - cook, cook.

Awl - alcohol. S. Dolzhikov explains: “For a long time in the navy, alcohol has had a strange slang name - “awl.” This name is a whole story. Once upon a time, back in the sailing fleet, vodka, a glass of which was always poured out to the sailors before dinner (those who didn’t drink, had a penny added to their pay every day), was stored in leather wineskins. Somehow the ties were specially sealed, so that it could be seen if anyone encroached on the sacred. So the most cunning sailors got the hang of piercing waterskins. The alcohol obtained in this way was called “shilny” or “shil”.

Shkryabka - a device with which metal is cleaned of rust before painting.

Shmon - sudden and thorough check of military personnel’s personal belongings.

Clothes - clothing certificate (see above).

Snorkel - device for diesel operation under water. A dangerous German invention in the form of a pipe with a large float at the end. When the sea is very rough, it can take on so much water that the submarine will sink.

rustle - actively act, work or pretend to work.

Joke - a joke, the natural result of which, as a rule, is a massive heart attack.

Nice - a sudden threat of revealing something secret, hidden, hidden.

Skerries – (Sw. skär) various cracks, narrownesses, wider – secluded places where you can store various things and even hide for a leisurely conversation with a comrade in difficult naval service: “Be strong, brother, the time will come - / There will be no stripes and shoulder straps, / And somewhere in a secluded “skerry” / We will choke out moonshine.”(Dolzhikov S., No. 11, 2002, p. 23). The second meaning is a winding canyon cutting deep into the land in the Scandinavian countries.

SCH

Right now - an ironic promise to fulfill something.

Kommersant

Kommersant - an indispensable attribute of true resilience and masculinity. Expressed in behavior and look. Purely marine quality, because... only a sailor can pronounce “b” out loud.

b

Hall's anchors on a pedestal in Kronstadt

b - used only by superiors during intimate conversations with subordinates.

E

E - used only in the plural: "Uh-uh", to gain some extra time while playing with your boss "why because", to instantly invent a plausible lie to explain the failure to do something. The length of the pause must be felt very subtly and not overextended. If you have no experience, it is better not to use “E”, but to prepare answer options in advance.

Equator - 50 days before the order to transfer to the reserve (DMB).

YU

South - a place of rest, but not of service.

I

I - a pronounced ego of the boss in communication with subordinates. When used with the verbs “said”, “I command”, it represents the ultimate truth. The second meaning is the cry of a serviceman who accidentally heard his last name from the lips of the commander (chief).

Anchor - the same thing as a “slow”, a stupid, slow, lazy, poorly trained soldier.

The practice of navigation has developed a fairly clear system of commands. These standard commands play a big role in increasing the safety of navigation and maneuvering of the vessel. All crew members are required to firmly know the commands, understand them and execute them correctly. Let's look at the basic command words and expressions used on merchant ships.

Commands to the helmsman. The sailor must rehearse all helm commands verbatim, prefacing them with the interjection “Yes,” and immediately report on the execution of the order.

The helmsman must repeat the name of the course especially clearly. When calling loudly and clearly the full value of the exchange rate, you need to emphasize the last number, raising your voice towards the end of the phrase. This requirement is explained by the fact that the captain or navigator usually knows the first two digits of the heading, i.e. tens, and even more so hundreds of degrees, in advance, based on a quarter of the horizon.

When reporting on a course that has tenths of a degree, it is necessary to say the word “tenths” at the end of the phrase, for example: “One hundred seventy and five tenths!” You cannot pronounce this number like this: “One hundred seventy and five!”, since, said quickly, it can be heard as “175.”

Among the many steering commands, the most important are the following.

Command: “So many degrees right (left) of the steering wheel!” Execution: the helmsman rehearses the command: “There are so many degrees to the right (left) of the rudder!” and smoothly, without jerking, shifts the steering wheel to the right (left), fixing it along the axiometer to the indicated number of degrees. Having completed the command, the helmsman reports this to the captain or the watch officer, depending on who is giving the commands. In this case, the report on the execution of the command will be: “Rudder right (left) so many degrees!”

Command: “So many degrees right (left) on the compass!” Execution: the helmsman rehearses and changes the given compass course by the specified number of degrees in the appropriate direction, keeping the ship on the new course. Report: “There are so many degrees on the course!”

Command: “Right (left) steering wheel!” Execution: rehearse and smoothly shift the steering wheel approximately 10-15° along the axiometer in the indicated direction. Report: “The steering wheel is right (left) so many degrees!”, i.e. the helmsman indicates the number at which he stopped the axiometer needle.

Command: “Half a side to the right (left)!” Execution: the helmsman rehearses and shifts the rudder to the appropriate side, fixing it along the axiometer at about 15°. Report: “The steering wheel is half right (left)!”

Command: “More right (left)!” or “Less right (left)!” Execution: the helmsman rehearses and, by appropriately shifting the rudder, increases or decreases the angular speed of the vessel's turn. Report: “The steering wheel is right (left) so many degrees!”

Command: “Right (left) steering wheel! The course is so many degrees! Execution: The helmsman rehearses and leads the ship on a given course and keeps it there. When prescribing a course that contains the number “50” in its digit, this course is recommended. pronounced using the term “fifty”, for example “Course fifty-seven!” or “Course two hundred and fifty three!” This is necessary in order to avoid misunderstandings and mistakes, since the words “fifty” and “sixty” sound very similar and, under certain conditions, can be easily confused by the helmsman or navigator.

When turning the ship at a sufficiently large angle, the helmsman must loudly call out every 5 or 10° the even readings on the compass card that pass through the heading line, for example: “35, 40, 45°, etc.” When the ship is on a given course, the helmsman reports: “There are so many degrees on the course,” and the assistant in response to this confirms: “Keep it up!”

Command: “Right (left) on board!” Execution: rehearse and place the steering wheel in the indicated direction along the axiometer to the set limit. The steering wheel must be shifted as quickly as the design of the steering device allows, but in all cases smoothly, especially in the restricted sector. Report: “The steering wheel is right (left) on board!”

Command: “Withdraw!” Execution: the rudder is rehearsed and the rudder is gradually moved in the opposite direction and set to a position close to the centerline plane of the vessel on the side of the turn. Report: “The steering wheel is so many degrees right (left)!”

Command: “Conquer!” is a preliminary to the command “Keep it up!”, i.e. it warns the helmsman that the ship will soon approach the line of the planned new course. Execution: the helmsman rehearses and reduces the rudder angle to a minimum and even, if necessary, shifts it to the other side. This is done to reduce the angular speed of the ship's turn so much that at the moment it passes the course line, it can be easily delayed and precisely fixed in the desired direction. Shifting the rudder in the direction opposite to the direction of the vessel's circulation is done with the expectation of slowing down the speed of this circulation, but not so much that the vessel completely stops rolling in the original direction. Report: “The steering wheel is right (left) so many degrees!”

Command: “Straight steering wheel!” Execution: rehearses and the rudder is brought to the centerline plane of the vessel and set along the axiometer to a reference of 0°. Report: “The steering wheel is straight!”

Command: “Keep it up!” This command is given the moment the ship reaches the new course line. Execution: the helmsman rehearses and immediately notices, with an accuracy of 1°, the course reading on the compass card on which the ship was at the moment the captain or navigator gave the command. At the same time, while rehearsing the command, the helmsman must immediately name the noticed course, i.e. answer: “Yes, keep it up. So many degrees!” Then, shifting the rudder so as to stop further turning of the vessel, he brings it to a fixed course. When the ship is finally set on a new course, the sailor must loudly report: “There are so many degrees on the course!”

Command: “Hold on such and such an object!” Execution: the helmsman, rehearsing and shifting the rudder to the desired side, brings the ship to the indicated landmark and holds it there. At the same time, he notices the course on the compass and reports: “There are so many degrees on the course!”

Command: “Leave such and such an object on the right (left)!” Execution: the helmsman rehearses and independently controls the rudder, leaving a given object, for example a buoy, to the right (left) of the vessel. Having passed the indicated object, the helmsman returns to the previous course.

Command: “Lie on target!” Execution: the helmsman, rehearsing and independently controlling the rudder, brings the ship onto the target and accurately lies on it, at the same time he notes the course on the compass, reporting to the captain or watch officer: “On the target. There are so many degrees on the rumba!” In response, the captain or assistant confirms the command with the phrase: “Keep it up!” Sometimes the helmsman is given the command: “Keep on target!” The sailor, keeping the ship on target, notices the compass course and reports: “On target. The course is so many degrees!

Command: “Don’t go right (left)!” Execution: the helmsman rehearses and holds the ship on a given course so that the division of this course on the chart does not go to the left (right) of the compass heading line, but does not deviate too much in the opposite direction.

When assigning a new course to the helmsman, the previous command “Right (left) go!” loses its meaning and is automatically removed without special instructions. If on a new course it is necessary to execute this command, then it must be repeated by the helmsman, regardless of whether the course has changed by 2-3 or by 20-30 degrees or more.

Question: “On the rumba?” asked to the helmsman during the process of comparing compass readings or at the moment when the navigator needs to find out what the direction of the ship's center plane is according to the directional compass. Execution: noticing the heading reading on the compass card at the moment of this command, the helmsman reports: “There are so many degrees on the compass point!” Readings must be read to the nearest tenth of a degree.

Question: “How is the steering wheel?” is asked to the sailor when it is necessary to find out in what position the rudder blade is located. Execution: the helmsman notices the position of the arrow on the axiometer and reports about it. For example: “The steering wheel is right (left) so many degrees!”, or “The steering wheel is right (left) on board!”, or “The steering wheel is straight!”.

Teams to the engine room. On ships of the merchant marine fleet, commands to the engineer on watch are usually given using a machine telegraph, which has the corresponding divisions on the dial; in the event of a telegraph malfunction, - by on-board means of communication: by telephone, speaking tube, using conventional signals (loud bells, etc. d.).

Through the same channels, those commands that are not at all on the telegraph dial are transmitted to the engine control post. All commands to the engine room must be rehearsed before execution.

Machine telegraphs often do not have divisions for the "smallest" and "most complete" modes. Therefore, in order to transmit such a command, the captain or his assistant places the telegraph handle twice in a row on the same division, respectively, “low speed” or “full speed”. However, this method of transmitting commands must first be agreed upon once and for all with the chief engineer, who is obliged to instruct the watch service in the vehicle. The number of propeller revolutions at each speed mode is also set in advance, based on the characteristics of the main engine and the maneuvering qualities of the vessel itself. If it is necessary to maintain some other engine speed not specified in the schedule, then the necessary command is transmitted by telephone or speaking tube.

On ships that do not have a telegraph lock with a reversing device, a great danger is when the engineer on watch confuses the reverse: instead of reverse, which is required from the bridge by telegraph, he gives forward, or vice versa. In order to prevent such cases, the mechanic's actions are not< обходимо контролировать. В машине контроль осуществляет стармех, или лицо, его заменяющее. На мостике, заметив ошиб­ку, не следует после команды «стоп» снова давать предыдущий ход, так как механик машинально повторит свой промах. В по­добной ситуации рекомендуется прибегнуть к резервным кана­лам связи с машинным постом, либо обратить внимание вах­тенного механика на ошибку путем многократного перемещения ручки телеграфа из одного крайнего положения в другое и лишь затем поставить ее на нужное деление. Механики должны быть заблаговременно проинструктированы о значении такой чрезвы­чайной" сигнализации на случай, если она будет подана. Реко­мендуется, чтобы перед маневрированием с мостика каждый раз напоминали механику, об этой условной сигнализации.

The command that the machine is not needed can be expressed in two ways, depending on the design of the telegraph. If the telegraph has a “Clear” division, then the watch officer puts the handle on this division, and the mechanic rehearses. Following this, the navigator moves the handle to “Stop”, and the watch mechanic must do the same. If there is no special “Hang Up” division on the dial circle of the telegraph, then this command is usually given by moving the handle two or three times across the entire sector back and forth and then placing it on the “Stop” division. The mechanic rehearses in the same way. The readiness of the engine is communicated to the mechanic via telephone or speaking tube with the following command phrase: “The machine is ready in so many minutes (hours)!”

The readiness of the machine is understood as such a state of the main engine and mechanisms in which they can be brought into action exactly after a designated period of time from the moment the order is received to ensure the upcoming voyage.

The command to prepare the vehicle for unanchoring or unmooring is given by setting the telegraph handle to the “Get Ready” or “Get Ready” division, regardless of whether the mechanic on watch was warned about this in advance in person or by telephone. The mechanic rehearses the command, and when the engine is ready to reverse, he turns the knob to “Stop”. The officer of the watch is obliged to do the same, confirming that the report from the vehicle has been received.

If at the end of the process of preparing the car, the telegraph handle moved to one or another stage of travel due to a short cranking of the engine, then after that the navigator must again put on the “Get Ready” section, but in this case this will already mean: “Is the car ready?” . And until the mechanic sets the telegraph handle to “Stop,” the boatmaster has the right to assume that the engine is not yet ready and responsibility for the consequences of the delay will be assigned to the engine room watch. Only the transfer of the telegraph by the watch mechanic from the “Go” to “Stop” division and a similar rehearsal by the watch officer give reason to believe that the engine is in full readiness for immediate reverse and that this fact is understood on the bridge and noted in the ship’s log.

The watch officer should remember that the time to prepare the main engine for action, for which the mechanic is responsible, begins to be calculated only from the moment the navigator sets the engine telegraph knob to the “Get” division, not at all from the moment of conversation about this with the watch mechanic.

Under normal conditions, the mechanic on watch does not have the right to delay the preparation of the vehicle longer than the time that was established by the team about the readiness of the main engine. Before giving the command “Get ready!” The clock readings in the engine room and on the bridge must be coordinated.

All moments of transmitting commands to the engine room, both by telephone and other means of communication, as well as receiving reports from there, are recorded simultaneously in the ship's and logbooks with an accuracy of up to 15 sec/s.

Commands to the tank when working with an anchor. When the ship is anchored or when unanchoring, commands are transmitted from the bridge to the forecastle and rehearsed from there by the navigator in charge of the work, and, as a rule, word for word. The most important of these commands are listed below.

Commands when releasing the anchor. Command: “Prepare both (or only the right or left) anchors for release!” Execution: the boatswain, at the direction of the mate, prepares the anchors for release: removes the additional lashings and stoppers, leaving only the tape stopper clamped; disconnects the windlass; checks that nothing interferes with the movement of the anchor chain. The disconnection of the windlass, as well as its connection, is checked personally by an assistant each time. Assistant's report: “Both anchors (right, left) are ready for release!”

Command: “Move the right (left) anchor to such and such a position!” Execution: the boatswain, under the supervision of an assistant, communicates the windlass, i.e., connects its kinematic system with the sprocket on which the anchor-chain lies, then, using the windlass, lowers the anchor under the hawse, to the water or even water, depending on what arrived on this score the command from the bridge. The anchor is released under the hawse or to the water for greater reliability (it should not linger in the hawse and should move easily when the stopper is released). If you have to drop anchor at depths greater than 30 m, then it is usually released into the water using a windlass with one or two anchor-chain links. In such cases, the correct activation of the windlass connecting device is checked each time personally by the assistant captain, who is responsible for all operations with the windlass.

Command: “Stand at the release of the right (left) anchor!” Execution: the boatswain approaches the corresponding windlass sprocket and stands ready at the helm of the tape stopper in order to immediately execute the command to release the anchor at any time. The captain's assistant gives the command to the sailors working on the forecastle: “Away from the right (left) anchor chain!”

Command: “Give up the right (left) anchor!” Execution: the boatswain releases the stopper and releases the corresponding anchor, and does this at the command of the mate, who, before releasing the anchor, is obliged to check whether there are any watercraft under the hawse. Before giving the command, it is recommended to inform the bridge to the forecastle what the depth is in a given place, so that it is easier for the boatswain to navigate in choosing the moment when it is necessary to hold the anchor-chain by clamping the tape stopper. It should be noted that the stopper is not clamped until the anchor reaches the ground, and it must be tightened smoothly so that the anchor-chain comes out evenly and in the required number of links.

Command: “Hear the anchor-chain (rope)!” Execution: the boatswain etches the anchor-chain as it is tensioned; The assistant reports to the bridge how many anchor-chain links have been released so far. At the same time, the number of etched bows is noted by striking the bell. If it is necessary to speed up or slow down the etching of the anchor chain, then variations of a similar command can be given: “Etch the anchor chain weakly!” or “The rope is tight!” etc.

It should be mentioned that in addition to the term “anchor-chain”, adopted in maritime technical literature, in everyday practice the word “rope” is often used, which has been used in the fleet since the time of the sailing fleet.

Command: “So many bows into the water!” Execution: etch the specified number of anchor-chain links into the water and clamp the stopper. The concept “into the water” means that the bracket connecting the named bow with the next one has just disappeared beyond the water level. Other versions of this command can also be given, for example, “So many bows on the windlass.” “So many bows on the hawse ! etc.

Command: “Detain. When he arrives at the rope, report!” Execution: the boatswain clamps the tape stopper; an assistant monitors the condition of the anchor chain. If the anchor does not hold, and this is clearly visible from the characteristic shuddering of the anchor-chain, the assistant reports: “The anchor is crawling!” If the anchor chain is pulled tight and then sag under the force of its own gravity, then this means that the anchor has been taken away. In this case, the assistant reports: “I took the anchor. The ship has come to the rope!

Command: “Secure it like this! You can leave the tank!” Execution: the boatswain, under the guidance of an assistant, finally clamps the tape stopper and, if necessary, upon instructions from the bridge, places additional fasteners on the anchor-chain. After this, people leave the tank.

Commands when shooting from anchor. Command: “Inform the windlass!” Execution: the boatswain, under the direct supervision of the assistant, uses a special device to move the clamping couplings that serve to connect the cam drums with the main gear of the windlass, preparing the latter for raising the anchor. Assistant's report: “Windlass reported!”

Command: “Vira anchor!” Execution: the boatswain, at the direction of the captain's mate, sets the windlass in motion and begins to select the anchor-chain, reporting to the bridge how many bows remain in the water after the release of each one, reporting either by telephone, or by the ship's command radio broadcast installation, or using special hand-held transistor transceivers . Along with this, signals are given from the tank with a bell. Rare, measured, separate blows correspond to the number of anchor-chain links remaining in the water. A series of frequent strikes on the bell means that the anchor is “paner”:

one blow - the anchor stood up, i.e., separated from the ground. Two separate blows indicate that the anchor has left the water, and the three-anchor is in place.

After two strikes, the assistant is obliged to report to the bridge by voice what condition the anchor is in: clean or dirty. The report: “The anchor came out of the water - clean!” means that there are no foreign objects on it: ropes, cables, chains, etc. Silt and other soil remains do not give the assistant any reason to report that the anchor is not clean. If the anchor is not clean, this is immediately reported to the bridge.

As the anchor-chain is being nursed, the assistant supervising the work on the forecastle is obliged, without special requests, to consistently report to the bridge all the main positions of the anchor. Before the anchor leaves the ground, the anchor chain takes on the “paner” position, that is, it becomes almost vertical to the water level. The windlass begins to work with greater load. At this moment, the assistant reports: “Paner rope!”

As soon as the arms of the anchor come off the ground, which is easy to determine by the operation of the windlass, which, with a decrease in load, immediately accelerates the movement and increases the speed, and at the same time the anchor chain weakens, the assistant reports: “The anchor is up!” When the anchor reaches the hawse or enters the hawse, they report accordingly: in the first case - “The anchor is under the hawse!”, and in the second - “The anchor is in place!”

The bell also rings when the anchor is released; the number of separate blows indicates how many links of the anchor-chain went into the water.

Question: “How is the rope?” To this question, the assistant is obliged to report in what condition the anchor-chain is at the moment, i.e. is it tight or weak, where is it facing - forward or backward, to the side or under the stem, “panner” or polished, etc. The reports may be as follows: “The rope looks forward (backwards, etc.), tight (weak)”, “Rope Paner”, “The anchor has risen”, etc.

In addition to voice reporting during the day, you can use hand signaling. So, if the anchor-chain is directed forward from the stem, the assistant fixes it with an outstretched hand, standing with his back to the bridge, and if back, towards the stern, then with an outstretched hand, standing facing the bridge. The condition of the anchor chain is shown as follows: tightly - with a raised and clenched hand; weakly - by shaking the hand in the direction of the anchor-chain; “paner” - a hand lowered vertically down several times. The use of such alarms at night is limited, but is sometimes possible with the use of a hand-held flashlight.

The question “How is the rope?” with corresponding reports and alarms, it is also used when releasing anchors.

The command “Stop spinning!” performed by immediately stopping the windlass.

Command: “Leave the anchor under the hawse (or near the water) and prepare for release!” Execution: under the supervision of an assistant, the anchor is pulled under the hawse or, depending on the command, left above the water, clamped with a tape stopper and the windlass is released. Report: “The anchor is under the hawse (or above the water), ready for release!”

Command: “Anchor-on-travel!” Execution: anchors, washed with water, are pulled into the fairleads, secured to all main and additional stoppers, and the windlass is disconnected. Anchor hawsees going overboard are closed with special flaps, and deck hawsees are covered and, in addition, on large passages in cargo, they are reliably cemented.

When working with anchors, some other commands can be used as derivatives of the main ones.

During operations to release and raise anchors, it is necessary that the assistant captain carefully monitor the anchor and the movement of the anchor chain overboard, and the boatswain remains constantly at the windlass, regulating its operation and monitoring the movement of the anchor chain in the deck fairlead. If the help of a sailor is required to lay the anchor chain in the rope box, then he is sent there before the anchor begins to rise. Before releasing the anchor, the assistant must personally make sure that there are no boats or other obstacles overboard, in the water under the hawse

The counting of the bows by marks on the links of the anchor chain is carried out by the boatswain under the control of an assistant, who supervises the work on the forecastle and without whom it is not permitted to carry out any operations with the windlass or on the forecastle in general.

Commands to the forecastle and stern during mooring operations. Mooring operations are divided into approach and departure. They consist of maneuvering the vessel and working with mooring ropes and anchors.

This section will describe the basic commands associated with fastening a vessel to any structure: a pier, another ship, or, conversely, freeing it from such fastening.

As is known, the following three main types of moorings are used to secure a vessel: longitudinal, springs, and clamping ones. At the maneuvering stage of mooring operations, towing ropes are also used.

For the sake of simplicity, here we will consider commands relating to one mooring end, which must be supplied, for example, from the stern. In other cases and for other ends, the commands are completely similar. All commands are rehearsed, and the assistant immediately reports their execution to the bridge.

Mooring commands. Command: “Moor on the starboard (port) side, prepare mooring lines, fenders, throwing lines!” Execution: sailors, under the guidance of an assistant, prepare the required number of mooring lines, at least two throwing lines and carry the fenders.

Command: “At the stern, throw a throw!” Execution The sailor, holding the throwing end at the ready, brings it to the shore. If he has not reached the shore or other object where the ship is moored, then the sailor quickly selects it, and other sailors serve the second, third, etc.

Command: “Give spring!” Execution: the assistant indicates to the sailors which end to attach the throwing one, and gives the order to pick the end. He shows the shore moorers the mooring bollard on which to place the end. A mooring bollard is sometimes called a bollard, and in some places the term “mooring gun” is used.

Command: “At the stern, keep the spring loose (tight)!” Execution: an assistant watches the end and adjusts its tension, giving appropriate instructions to the sailors.

Command: “Hold the spring!” Execution: the end, fixed on the shore and placed on the ship on the bollards, must be delayed by adding hoses or eights. Holding the cable on the drum of a windlass, capstan or winch is very dangerous and can damage the mechanism. In such cases, is the end usually quickly postponed? on bollards. If the cable is on a special mooring winch, which is now often installed on ships, then it simply locks, and this must be done smoothly, without jerking.

Team: “Vira spring!” Execution: the windlass, capstan or winch is driven by the “vira”. At the command “Stop choosing!” the mechanism by which the end was selected is stopped.

Command: “Poison the spring!” Execution: the cable is released from the bollards or drum of the corresponding mechanism. At the command “Etch the table!” this action is stopped.

Command: “Put the spring on the bollards!” Execution: the specified end is transferred from the drum to the bollards and, if the command “Attach it like this!” is received, it is fastened.

Question: “Distance to the berth (another vessel, etc.)?” The assistant determines by eye the distance to the mooring object in meters and reports to the bridge. It is recommended that the assistant, without waiting for a request from the bridge, regularly, after 1-2 min or more often, as he approached the object, he himself reported this distance.

Unmooring commands. Command: “At the stern, give up the spring!” Execution: at the direction of the assistant, or at the appropriate command, all ends are slightly poisoned, after which the coastal sailors throw it off the mooring bollard. On board, the end is quickly selected using a mechanism or manually. Report: “Spring has been given!” and then - “Spring has been selected!”

Command: “Spring to the drum!” Execution: the specified cable is transferred from the bollards to the drum of the corresponding mechanism.

Question: “Like under the stern?” The assistant must immediately carefully check and make sure that there are no mooring cables, floating objects, etc. under the stern, in the area of ​​the propeller and rudder, and, making sure that nothing interferes with or threatens the operation of the propeller and rudder, reports to the bridge: “It’s clear under the stern!” Otherwise, he briefly reports to the bridge about the situation in the area of ​​the stern of the ship. If the situation under the stern suddenly becomes unfavorable and dangerous for the propeller and rudder, then the assistant who supervises the work at the stern immediately reports this to the bridge, without waiting for a request.

The assistant captain must remember that he bears full personal responsibility for the accuracy and timeliness of information about the position under the stern with all the ensuing consequences.

Some of the commands described above are used in both cases: both when mooring and unmooring the vessel, as well as when working with towing ropes wound on. tugboats, icebreakers or other vessels. In individual specific cases, all these commands and orders can be modified to one degree or another, but their semantic meaning always remains the same as stated here.

Commands to the forecastle and stern during mooring and unmooring are usually given through the ship's radio broadcasting installation. In the absence of one or in the event of its failure, navigators resort to using telephones. The backup means of communication during mooring operations is a simple megaphone (horn). Sometimes on middle class ships a mouth whistle is used for signaling. Such signals have the following meaning: one long whistle - select the end; two long ones - etch the end; three long ones - secure the end like this; a series of short frequent whistles - stop choosing or poison! end.

The same signals with a mouth whistle can be used when working with an anchor chain, and their meaning is exactly the same.

The disadvantage of the whistle system for transmitting commands is that, although the performers can rehearse them with similar whistle signals, they are deprived of the opportunity to report on the execution of command orders. In addition, the whistle alarm from the bridge is simultaneously heard both on the forecastle and on the stern, as a result of which the assistants are not able to determine which of the navigators and which particular mooring end it refers to, especially if there is no good eye contact. Taking into account this circumstance, it is necessary to use a mouth whistle as a means of transmitting command information during mooring operations with great caution, having agreed in advance by the assistants which signals will be intended and to whom.

The captain's assistants are required to know all the commands well and clearly understand their meaning. They must firmly understand that all commands must be repeated, and their execution is immediately reported to the bridge. The accuracy of operations and the safe outcome of all mooring or towing operations depend on compliance with this absolute requirement. Command information is one of the most important organizational elements of the complex technological process of navigation and ship control, which navigators must constantly remember.

BOARDING- approach of hostile ships closely for hand-to-hand combat.
VANGUARD- the forward (head) part of the battle formation of a squadron or fleet.
ACCIDENT- damage to the vessel.
ADVICE ADVICE- a small ship used for reconnaissance and messenger service in the 18th-19th centuries.
AVRAL- work on urgently calling the entire ship's personnel when one watch cannot cope with the task.
ADMIRALTY- the highest authority of management and command of the naval forces.
ADMIRALTY ANCHOR- an anchor with two fixed horns with triangular legs on their horns, and a rod mounted on the top of the spindle in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the horns. The name "Admiralty anchor" appeared in 1352 after extensive field tests of anchors of various designs carried out by the British Admiralty.
ANKEROK- a barrel in one, two, three buckets and more; used for storing water, wine, and vinegar.
ANTICYCLONE- an area of ​​high pressure in the atmosphere, with a maximum in the center. Characterized by partly cloudy and dry weather with weak winds.
ARTEL- an association of sailors or soldiers in the Russian fleet or army for the purpose of organizing food from a common pot, at the expense of the money allocated to them for food. The management of the artel was in charge of the artel worker, elected by soldiers or sailors. The artelman was confirmed as the senior officer of the ship.
REARGARD- the end (rear) part of the battle formation of a squadron or fleet.
AKHTERLUK- aft hatch.
AKHTERSTEVEN- a vertical beam that forms the aft end of the ship’s keel. The rudder is suspended from the sternpost.
TANK- the bow part of the ship's deck from the stem to the foremast. The forecastle is a raised superstructure occupying part of the forecastle.
BAKAN, or buoy - a large float, sometimes with a bell, sometimes with a lantern, anchored to indicate a dangerous shallow place.
TANK- a watchman performing work on the forecastle.
BACKSTAY- 1) the ship’s course at an obtuse angle to the wind direction line; 2) gear that holds topmasts, toptopmasts and boom-toptopmasts from the sides and rear.
SCORE- a number indicating the strength of the wind or wave on a scale. According to our Beaufort scale, wind strength is indicated from 0 (complete calm) to 12 (hurricane), and waves - from 0 to 9.
JAR- 1) stranded in a deep place; 2) bench, seat on a boat.
BAR- shallow water, a ridge across the river from alluvial sand and silt.
BARQUE-a vessel with a straight rig on the front masts and a slant rig on the rear mast.
BARQUENTINE, or schooner-barque, is a ship with three or more masts, of which the foremast has a straight rig, and all the rest have oblique rigs.
RUNNING RIGGING- rigging that allows maneuvers with sails and spar. To facilitate traction, it is passed through blocks.
BEYDEWIND- the ship's course is at an acute angle to the wind.
BEYFOOT- a clip that presses the yard to the mast or topmast.
MIZAN MAST- the rear mast of all ships having three, four or more masts.
BEAMS- cross beams connecting the sides of the ship and serving as beams for deck flooring.
BITT- a wooden or cast iron pedestal used for fastening thick gear, tugs, and sometimes anchor ropes (chains).
BITING-KRASPITSA- cross beam on a bitten or a pair of bits.
BLOCK- a device with a rotating wheel-pulley inside, through which a cable is passed for traction.
BLOKSHIV- an old ship brought to anchor and serving as a floating warehouse, pier or barracks.
BOKANTS, or davits - iron posts of a special design and shape, located on the ship and used for raising and lowering boats.
BOM-BRAMSELI- the fourth sail from the bottom on a ship with a straight rig.
BORA- local, strong (up to 40-80 m/s) cold wind on the Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia, on the Black Sea coast in
area of ​​Novorossiysk. Usually happens in winter.
BOATSWAIN- head of the deck crew of the ship's crew, manages all work on the deck and keeping the ship clean.
BRAHMSEL- the third sail from the bottom on a ship with a straight rig.
BRACES- gear used to rotate the yards in the horizontal direction. Brace - move the yards with the help of braces.
WINDLASS- a mechanism with a horizontal arrangement of drums, used for raising and lowering anchors and mooring operations.
BRIG- a two-masted ship with straight sails on both masts.
BRIGANTINE, or schooner-brig, is a two-masted ship with straight sails on the foremast and slanting sails on the mainmast.
YOKE- a flat metal ring on the spar.
BUOY- see cormorant.
BUEK- a small float showing the location of the anchor when it is released.
BAY- 1) a small bay; 2) a cable twisted in circles. The cable coil produced at the factory is 200 meters long, or 100 fathoms.
BOWSPRIT- an inclined mast at the bow of the ship.
PROUD BULL- one of the gears for cleaning sails.
SHAFT- a separate major war, in a storm reaches a height of 9 meters or more.
OUTRIGGER- the thickened part of the oar, it is divided into a handle, roller, spindle and blade.
VALKOST- insufficient stability, the tendency of the vessel to tilt to one side at the slightest reason; Rolling is considered a bad and even dangerous property of a vessel.
CABLES- cables reinforcing masts, topmasts, topmasts on the sides.
WATERWACE- a wooden beam or metal sheet connecting the deck to the sides of the ship.
WATERLINE- the line along which the ship goes deeper into the water. The maximum depth permitted by law for each vessel is limited to the load waterline.
WATERSTAG- thick metal rods or chains that pull the bowsprit to the stem.
WATCH- duty on the ship.
MONOGRAM- a thin line harness for fastening two cables together.
VERP- a small anchor.
SHIPYARD- a place where ships are built, a shipyard.
MILESTONE- a pole with a float, anchored or on a stone. At the upper end is attached either a kind of broom made of thick rods, or a colored flag. Milestones are used to mark shoals and other obstacles in the path of ships, such as sunken ships.
DISPLACEMENT- the volume of water displaced by the vessel. The weight of this volume is equal to the weight of the ship.
CUTWATER- the outer edge of the stem below the waterline.
WEAPONS- equipment of the vessel, a set of spars, rigging and sails.
FORWARD LOOKING- the sailor on duty at the bow of the ship, watching the horizon and immediately reporting everything. what he sees, to the captain's assistant on the watch.
BLACKS- thin ropes tied across the shrouds and, together with the shrouds, form a kind of rope ladder for climbing onto the masts and yards.
VYMBOVKI- long bars of hard wood used to rotate manual spiers (gates). The vymbovka looks like a stick about two meters long and in diameter, about 10 cm at one end, and about 6 cm at the other.
PENNANT- a long narrow flag.
HARBOR- an area of ​​water protected by nature or artificial structures from sea waves and used for mooring ships.
GAK- metal hook.
GAKOBORT- a side enclosing the stern of a ship.
TACK- 1) tackle that attracts the lower corners of straight sails from the wind; 2) if the wind blows from the right, then they say: the ship is sailing on the right tack, if from the left - on the left tack.
GULFWIND, or half-wind - wind direction perpendicular to the ship's heading.
latrine- restroom on the ship.
LEVER- increased embossment, which serves as a lever when working with heavy loads.
GAFF- an inclined tree attached by one cone to the mast and used to fasten or stretch the upper leech (side) of oblique sails shaped like an irregular trapezoid.
GIK- a log for attaching or stretching the foot (side) of oblique sails.
GITOVY- gear used to pull up the lower corners of the sail during cleaning.
DRIVE TO THE WIND- hold the close-haul steeply, i.e. very close to the wind line.
PROUD- tackle. passing through one single-pulley block.
GROTTO- lower sail on the mainmast.
GROT HATCH- middle hatch on the deck of the ship.
MAIN MAST-medium, largest, mast on a ship.
GROTHOLD-middle ship hold.
JACK- a special flag that is raised when anchored on the bow of a warship of the 1st or 2nd rank.
DOUBLE BOTTOM, or internal - found on all warships and large merchant fleet vessels; serves to protect the bottom from the consequences of holes, increases the reliability of the hull. The space between the inner and outer bottoms is called double-bottom and is divided by longitudinal and transverse partitions into compartments that are empty or used for storing water, oil, etc.
TWO-DECK SHIP- an old type warship, which had, in addition to the upper one, two lower decks with cannons above the water.
DEADWOODS- sharp places on the bottom at the very ends of the ship.
DEVIATION- deviations of magnetic compass needles under the influence of ship iron.
DECA- deck.
KEEP ON TARGET, walk along the line - walk in such a way that two or more objects observed from the ship merge into one line, for example, see the masts and chimney of an oncoming steamship in the line or walk along the line of two lighthouses.
TRIM- the difference in the depth of the vessel in the water between the stern and bow. Trim to the stern is usually done to give the ship better maneuverability. Bow trim, on the contrary, impairs maneuverability and gives the vessel an unsightly appearance. If the ship has a bow trim, then the sailors say: “The ship is sitting like a pig in the water.”
DOK- Wet dock - a section of a harbor or port in which the water is maintained at the same level. Such docks are located in places exposed to ebb and flow, for the convenience of loading and unloading ships moored at the berths. Dry docks are pools, pools in which ships are placed for repairs. After the vessel is brought into such a dock, the water is pumped out of it, and the vessel remains on stands called slipway blocks. Gates of a special device that tightly close the entrances to the docks are called bathoports. A floating dock is a floating structure that is sunk and then, after pumping out water from the dock compartments, raised along with the vessel placed on it for repairs.
HEAVER- an oblong cone made of hard wood, used for rigging work.
FIGHT, polish - pull tightly, figuratively - scrub, clean something. For example, sailors say: “to scrub copper,” which means to polish copper parts until they shine.
DRYREP- a chain or wire rope attached to the yard and passing through the block to lift it. Every drirep usually ends with hoists called halyards. For example, the marsa-drayrep and the marsa-halyard together make up a device for lifting the marsa-yard.
DRIFTING- deviation of a moving ship from the intended path under the influence of wind, current, strong waves and ice pressure. To drift is to position the sails in such a way that the action of the wind on one of them causes the ship to move forward, and the action on the others causes it to move backward, as a result of which the ship is held almost in place.
INCH- a submultiple unit of length equal to 2.54 centimeters.
EAT- a word that replaces answers in the fleet: okay, I’m listening, I understand, it will be done. Derived from the English word Yes.
ZHVAKA-GALS- a piece of chain of the same thickness as the anchor rope is attached to a butt embedded in the ship’s hull with a bracket
MAGAZINES watch and engine - a corded book in which the captain's assistant watch on the bridge, in the wheelhouse, and the watch mechanic in the car record all the circumstances of the voyage and all incidents with the ship, mechanisms and its crew at sea, near the shore, while moored at the pier.
ZAGREBNOY- the rower closest to the helmsman, all the other rowers of the boat are equal to him.
LITTLE DOWN- close tightly.
SEIZE, stuck in the pulley - they say about the tackle when something jams it and prevents it from pulling freely.
SOUNWEST- wide-brimmed waterproof marine hat.
SWELL, dead swell - gentle waves without wind, sometimes can reach large sizes; It happens either after a long wind, when the sea cannot immediately calm down, or before the wind, when a strong wind blows nearby and drives a wave in front of it. A small score or ripple is a small disturbance.
GO- the ship is moving, its crew, who takes part in the movement of the ship, is also moving. The passengers carried by the sailors are on their way.
For example, a passenger will say: “I am going on a ship,” and a sailor will say: “I am going on a ship.”
PORTHOLE- a round window made of thick cast glass in a metal frame, mounted into the side of the ship.
CABLE- thick cable. Since previously sailing ships, without the help of towing steamers, often had to be pulled from place to place by bringing a rope with a cable attached to it on a boat, it became common practice to measure a distance of less than a mile by the number of cables. Kabeltov - 100 six-foot fathoms. There are 10 cables in one nautical mile.
HEEL- a thick thread from which cables are twisted, which consist of strands, and the strands are made of heels.
HEEL SLINGS- hemp rings that are connected; they cover the load when lifting with hoists.
CABOTAGE- navigation off their shores and between the ports of their state. Coaster, coaster - vessel. floating off its shores without calling at foreign ports.
GALLEY- ship's kitchen.
CAMLET- dense fabric made of wool (often mixed with silk or cotton fabric).
CAMPAIGN- sailing, trekking navigation.
ROPE- rope was the name given to the thickest perlines and cables, tied to the anchor before using chains for this purpose. Until now, the anchor chain is often called a chain rope or simply an anchor rope.
QUARANTINE FLAG- a yellow quadrangular flag, raised on the front mast and means that everything is safe on the ship in sanitary terms.
CAT- crane for lifting the anchor.
ROLL INTO THE WIND- tilt the bow of the ship into the wind.
CABIN- room on the ship.
QUARTERDECK- aft deck raised to the line of the bulwarks.
QUEBRAKHOV TREE(superbracho) - subtropical South American tree species, have hard, heavy wood, bark and tannic extract.
KEEL- a longitudinal beam or steel sheet that runs along the ship and serves as the basis for its entire structure.
KILSON- an internal keel that goes over the frames (ribs) of the ship.
WAKE- a jet behind the stern of a moving ship.
PLAY THE STEERING WHEEL right or left on board - turn the steering wheel, and therefore the rudder, to the right or left until it stops.
CLOSE, kletnevka - a protective covering of the cable with thin lines in those places where it is subject to constant friction.
JIB- one of the slanting sails on the bowsprit.
CLIPPER- a large, narrow and sharp, fast-moving vessel.
CLIPER-POST- a beautifully curved stem decorated with gilded carvings.
CLOT, klotik - a chiseled cone or circle placed on the top of a mast or flagpole. Thin gear, called signal halyards, is passed through the klotik and serves to raise flags.
HAWSE- a round hole in the side of the ship for passing pearl lines, mooring lines or anchor ropes (anchor fairlead).
KNEKHT- cast iron cabinet or wooden column for attaching gear.
KNOP- a knot at the end of the tackle, not tied, but woven in a special way from loose strands.
KNYAVDIGED- the upper, widened part of the stem on old ships, strongly protruding forward.
CASING- an attachment, an add-on to cover something, for example a chimney casing.
COOK- ship's cook.
BILL OF LADING- cargo document.
COPRA- dried nutritional tissue (endosperm) of the coconut palm fruit - coconut. Used to obtain coconut oil, margarine and soap.
SHIP- 1) the ship in general; 2) a large sailing ship, no less than three-masted, with direct rigging on all masts.
STERN- the rear end of the ship.
DIRK- something like a tetrahedral dagger, used during boarding battles of ships. Subsequently, the dirk acquired the significance of the distinctive personal weapon of naval officers.
COFFEE NAGEL- iron pin for fastening gear.
COFFEE PLANK- a thick oak board with sockets, fixed at the side of a ship or mast for passing dowel pins through it.
CRUMBALL- a bracket on the bow of a ship for hanging an anchor.
KRANETS- a piece of wood or a rough cushion stuffed with soft cork and braided with vegetable rope, hung overboard to protect the ship's hull from friction against a pier or other vessel.
CRUISE- swim in a certain sea between certain places.
BANK- the tilt of a ship on its side, measured in degrees of arc with an instrument called an inclinometer.
COOLER HOLD- keep close to the direction of the wind.
ATTACH THE SAILS- roll up, tie them on the yards, or on the bowsprit, or near the masts.
ATTACH GEAR- wrap or wrap it around the head of the bollard or dowel.
KRUYSEL- topsail on the mizzen mast.
COCKPIT- common living quarters for the team.
WELL- the direction in which the ship is sailing.
TACK- move forward in zigzags against the wind.
PAH- 1) a tool for measuring the distance traveled in travel speed; 2) side of the ship. For example, moor with the log (i.e., sideways) to the pier, to another ship, or put the entire log against the shallows.
LEVENTIK- the position of the sails when they are not inflated and flutter from the wind blowing at their edges.
LEER- a tightly stretched rope, wire or metal rod used to tie sails (rail lines) or to protect people from falling into the water (side rail).
LIE TO- stop the ship's progress and stay in place without giving up the anchor, positioning the sails accordingly or maneuvering the machinery.
LYKTROS, or likovina - a cable with which the sail is sheathed for strength.
TENCH- the cable is less than 25 millimeters in diameter.
LICELY- additional sails placed on the sides of direct sails to increase their area.
LIGHTER- a shallow-draft auxiliary vessel, used to transport and transport cargo to anchored ships.
BLADE- blade of an oar, steamship propeller or wheel; the latter is sometimes called paddle or pliny.
LOT- a device that measures depths; it is used to retrieve soil samples from the bottom of the sea.
LOCATION- part of the science of navigation, a guide for seafarers, a detailed description of the seas and the shores washed by them, lighthouses, signs, lines, etc.
PILOT- a sailor-navigator involved in guiding ships in a certain area: in a strait, port, fiord, canal.
EYES- lined holes in the sail for passing gear.
HATCHES- openings in the decks: for lowering cargo into the hold - cargo hatches; for light transmission - skylights.
LUSTRIN- thin dark wool or cotton fabric with shine.
MANILA(abaca) - Manila hemp, a fiber obtained from the leaves of the tropical abaca plant. Marine ropes, plant cables, etc. are made from manila.
MANEUVER- control a ship or a group of ships, changing the direction of movement and speed.
MARLIN- a thin line twisted from two heels or threads.
MARS- platform at the junction of the mast with the topmast.
MARSELI- second straight sails from the bottom.
MARTYN-GIK- a wooden or iron spacer under the bowsprit for guiding the rigging of the jig and boom jib.
MAT- a carpet woven from strands or heels of an old cable.
MAST- a vertically or almost vertically installed spar tree, used for lifting sails and weights.
LIGHTHOUSE- 1) a tower with a specially designed lantern at the top; 2) a floating lighthouse - a ship placed on dead anchors near a shoal located far from the shore. Lightships have a characteristic color, an inscription in large letters on the side, balls made of thick rods and strong lanterns on the tops of the masts.
MILE- a maritime unit of length equal to 1852 meters.
MOLESKIN- a type of thick paper fabric used for clothing.
BRIDGE- a platform raised above the sides of the vessel and protected from wind and waves, extending from side to side. The ship is controlled from the bridge.
MONSONS- periodic winds that change their direction depending on the time of year.
MUSHKEL- a massive wooden hammer for rigging work.
VESSEL SET- the totality of all the timber beams and shaped steel strips that make up the skeleton or frame of the ship.
WINDOW SIDE, shore, side - side, shore, board from which or from which the wind blows.
BUILD UP- polish.
BINNACLE- 1) copper cap with a glass window and lamps; does not wear a compass at night or in bad weather; 2) a wooden or silumin cabinet (pedestal) on which the compass is mounted.
FILL THE SAILS- expose the sails to the wind so that they inflate and the ship gets underway.
KNIGHTS- a strong connection of two or more objects with a cable. Rite - tie; to snit - to connect with each other.
NIRAL- gear for lowering or pulling down sails.
NOC- the end of a yard, gaff or boom.
DEWEIGHT THE SAILS- turn them or the ship so that the wind hits the side edge of the sails and they ripple or become leftward.
WALL THE SAILS- turn them or the ship so that the wind hits the sails in the opposite direction and they press against the masts and topmasts. With walled sails, the ship moves in reverse.
Overstay- transition from close-hauled on one tack to close-hauled on another tack through the wind line.
FIRE- a loop braided on a cable.
HOLD- ordering the helmsman to slow down the turn of the vessel that has begun.
DRAFT- the depth of a ship, measured in feet or metric units.
STABILITY- the ability of a ship that has become heeled to quickly straighten out. Insufficient stability, resulting from too high a center of gravity, makes the vessel rolly and even dangerous; it can capsize. Excessive stability makes the motion too rapid, impetuous and shakes not only the masts, but also the hull of the ship.
FUCK AWAY- move away from the pier or other vessel.
GIVE UP- untie, unfasten this or that tackle; give up the sails - release them; give up the anchor - throw it into the water.
SHALLOW- a shoal connected to the shore.
GROOVE- a gap between planks of sheathing or decking. The grooves are caulked and filled with varnish or covered with putty based on drying oil and oil varnish.
DECKS- floorings, the same as floors in houses. The number of decks on a ship shows, as it were, the number of floors. The normal distance between decks is 2 meters; on passenger and new ships it reaches 2.5 and even 3 meters.
APEAK- the moment when raising the anchor, when it has not yet separated from the ground, but the length of the chain is already equal to the depth of the sea and the anchor chain is vertical. After the panera, when the anchor is separated from the ground and the chain shakes, they say: “the anchor has risen.”
PASS WINDS- winds blowing with a fairly constant force (three to four points), their direction does not always remain constant, but varies within narrow, however, limits.
HAWSER- the cable is thicker than 13 centimeters.
PERTS AND SUPPORTS- the cables, now, are always wire, suspended under the yards, on which the sailors stand with their feet, spreading along the yards to attach the sails.
PIER- a pier on stilts, built perpendicular to the shore line.
GUNWALE- a horizontally placed thick board of hard wood, limiting the upper side of the vessel.
PONTOON- the same as the lighter, but shallower.
LEATHER SIDE, shore, side - side, shore, side opposite to windward.
VALANCE- overhang of the stern of the ship.
PODSHKIPERSKAYA- storage room for ship property.
"HALF-NUCLEAR!"- "Beware!" From the Dutch word "fall under" - "falls down". A warning shout.
PUMPS- ship pumps serving various purposes: bilge pumps, fire pumps, sanitary pumps, feed pumps (for boilers), etc.
PORT- 1) a place near a city where ships are concentrated. Ports can be natural or artificial; 2) a door on the side of the ship: cargo ports, or lasports, cannon ports, garbage ports. Small ports are called half-ports
SWEAT- an oar that replaces a rudder.
SURF, or breakers - excitement near the shore.
BRING- steer closer to the wind line, steer steeper.
STRAIGHT SAILS- sails of a regular quadrangular shape or a regular trapezoid shape, tied to the yards.
DISARM THE SHIP- during long stays and wintering on sailing ships, all the sails are untied and put into the hold, the running rigging is pulled out, blocks are removed, and sometimes the upper yards and topmasts are lowered - this is called “disarming the ship.”
RANGOUT- a collective word to designate all the wooden parts of the ship, such as: masts, topmasts, topmasts, yards, booms, gaffs, cargo booms, etc.
RAY- a transverse tree suspended from the middle, to which one of the straight sails is tied.
RAID- a place more or less sheltered from the winds in front of the port entrance.
REEF- 1) a ridge of stones or coral formations buried under water or barely protruding from it; 2) a series of ties near the sail to reduce its area during increasing winds.
ROSTERS- a place on the deck where the spare spar is stowed. Large boats are sometimes installed on the rostra.
CUTTING- 1) a house built separately on a deck with a flat roof; 2) office space: wheelhouse, charthouse.
RUMB- 1/32 of the horizon. The card (a circle attached to a magnetic compass needle) is divided into 32 points and, like any circle, into 360. Compass points, counting from north through east, south and west, have the following names: north (N), nord-ten-ost (NtO), nord-north-east (NNO), nord-ost-ten-nord (NOtN); nord-east(NO), nord-ost-ten-ost(NOtO), ost-north-ost(ONO), ost-ten-noord(OtN), ost(O), ost-ten-south(OtS), East-Southeast(OSO), South-East-Ten-Ost(SOtO), South-East(SO), South-East-Ten-South(SOtS), South-South-East(SSO), South-Ten -east (StO), south-west (S), south-ten-west (Stw) and further: SSW, SWtS, SW, SWtW, WSW, WtS, west (W), WtN, WNW, NWtW, NW, NWtN, NNW , NtW, N.
TILLER- a lever at the steering wheel to control it.
TILLER HAUL- hoists that are placed on the tiller.
horn- a metal cone-shaped pipe to amplify the voice. A large megaphone made from pressed corton or linoleum is called a megaphone.
RUSLENI- platforms for removing shrouds and backstays from the side of the vessel.
EYE- a strong iron ring embedded in the deck, side or pier.
BELL- bell.
Yaw rate- the tendency of a ship to rush towards the wind.
SAZHEN- old Russian measure of length. Since 1835, its size has been defined as 7 English feet, which corresponds to 213.36 centimeters. The navy used a six-foot fathom, equal to 183 centimeters. 100 six-foot fathoms constituted one cable.
CROSSTREES- lattice platform at the connection of the topmast with the topmast.
PILE- a round metal wedge, similar to a large and thick awl, used for rigging work.
FRESH BREEZE- a strong, even wind that has not yet reached the level of a storm.
SEASON, or harness - a short braid or piece of cable used to secure the retracted sails.
SEY-TALI- large hoists for lifting weights.
FLASKS- hourglass. Breaking bottles means time by ringing a ship's bell.
CHEEKBONE- turn, steepness in the lines of the ship’s hull; bottom, bow, stern chine.
SPARDEK- a medium elevated superstructure extending from side to side.
SPLICE- two ends of the cable woven together.
TO GO DOWN- turn the ship, increasing the angle between the ship's course and the direction of the wind.
STAYSAIL- an oblique sail running on rings (raks) along the rod.
STAPEL- the foundation on which the ship is built.
SUPPORT BLOCKS- bars placed under the keel of a ship being built or repaired at a dock.
STEPS- a socket into which the lower end (spurs) of the mast is inserted.
STOP ANCHOR- see ANCHOR.
SLING- a piece of cable woven at the ends into a circle or loop.
LINE- small sling.
SUPERCARGO- a member of the command staff responsible for ensuring the correct and most efficient transportation of goods on a ship.
BAN- row the oars in the opposite direction.
RIGGING- the totality of all gear on the ship. Standing rigging - currently wire ropes securing masts, topmasts, top and top topmasts, bowsprit and jib. Running rigging - consists of part flexible steel, part plant cable and part chain. It passes through the blocks and is used for lifting and turning spar trees, weights, setting and retracting sails.
RIGGING WORK- production of various products from cable, processing of cable for rigging.
WAIST- a cable passed through a pulley system to facilitate traction. (In physics - polyspas)
TALREP- a type of hoist or tension screw for pulling standing rigging or tightening cargo
TWINDECK- intermediate hold deck.
TENT- a canopy made of canvas stretched over the deck to protect people from rain and sun.
TEAK- 1) very strong, rot-resistant Indian wood; 2) striped matter.
TIR- a type of oil varnish.
CROWD- irregular high and short waves.
TONE- top is the top of a vertical spar, for example, a mast, topmast.
TOPENANT- tackle supporting the yardarms, booms and cargo booms.
BEAM- the position of a sign on the shore or an object on the water, perpendicular to the course of the ship.
POISH TACKLE- gradually release, weaken.
CABLE- rope. Cables can be steel, vegetable (hemp, manila, coconut), or nylon. The thickness of the cable is always measured along the circumference.
HOLD- the interior of a ship intended for the transportation of goods.
HUMILITY- the tendency of a ship to rush forward from the wind.
DEEPING THE VESSEL- the distance in decimeters or feet measured from the waterline to the bottom edge of the keel.
KNOT- 1) a conventional measure of speed, denoting nautical miles per hour; 2) knot on the cable.
Oarlocks- metal devices in the form of grips for supporting the oars when rowing.
COMBINE- the second knee of the bowsprit, its continuation. The continuation of the jib is called the bom jib.
GET AWAY FROM THE WAVE- to keep so many sails during a passing storm so that the wave cannot catch up with the ship and roll in from the stern, “cover”, in a maritime expression, which is very dangerous.
FAL- tackle in the form of special hoists, used for lifting spar trees and sails
BULWARK- the upper part of the ship's side, the side above the upper deck.
FALSE FIRE- a cardboard tube filled with sparkler powder and equipped with a handle for holding, used to produce night signals.
FAIRWAY- a deep passage among shoals and other underwater dangers.
FLAG- a rectangular panel made of light woolen fabric - a flagduk - of different colors and serves as a distinctive sign. Flags are divided into signal and national, indicating which state the ship belongs to, and national flags are divided into military, commercial and personally assigned.
FLAGPOLE- the top of a mast or a special pole used to raise the flag.
FLOTILLA- a small detachment of ships.
FLOOR- the lower part of the frame.
FOC- lower sail on the foremast.
FORE MAST- the front mast of the ship.
FORDEWIND- tailwind blowing directly astern.
FORDUN- the same as backstays.
FORE-HATCH- front cargo hatch.
FOREPEAK- a bottleneck in the hold at the very bow of the ship. The same place in the stern is called the afterpeak.
FORCE WITH SAILS- carry more sail than it should at a given wind speed.
FOREEST- the front edge of the ship.
FOOT- a maritime measure equal to 0.305 meters.
FOOT ROD- a long stick marked in feet, used to measure shallow depths.
RUNNING END- the end of the tackle that is being pulled. The reverse end attached to something is called the root end.
WALKER, a good sailor is a fast ship.
CHAIN ​​ROPE, or anchor rope - a chain attached to an anchor.
CYCLONE- an area of ​​low pressure in the atmosphere with a minimum in the center. The weather during this period is predominantly cloudy, with strong winds.
CHECHEN- an island in the northwestern part of the Caspian Sea. Sand spits overgrown with reeds stretch from the shores into the sea. The Chechen lighthouse was installed.
CHICKS- wooden or metal cheeks on the mast under the topsails, sometimes under the salings.
CLEAN ANCHOR- a message from the assistant captain, who is observing the lifting of the anchor from the water, that the anchor has come to the surface not tangled, clean, and the ship can be set underway.
MOOR, moor - pull a ship to the shore, to a pier or to another ship.
DOCKS, or shkhants - part of the deck between the main and mizzen masts, a place of honor on the ship.
WAIST- part of the deck between the fore and main masts.
SQUALL- strong gust of wind.
PENDANT- a short end of the cable with a point at the end.
SHKIF- a wheel with a groove in a block or in a spar.
SKIPPER, or skipper - this is what the captain of a merchant ship used to be called.
SHEET- tackle that attracts the lower corner of the sail to the side, deck or to the foot of the underlying spar.
FRAMED- a wooden or metal rib in a vessel set.
SPACE- distance between frames.
SCUPPER- a hole for water drainage on the side of the ship.
SPIRE- vertical gate.
Spur- the lower part of a vertical spar.
STAG- standing rigging gear holding the spar in front.
STERT- a short piece of tench used to tie something.
STOCK- any pole that has a special purpose - a flagpole, a footpole.
STEERING WHEEL- a wheel with handles used to control the steering wheel.
STORMTRAP- rope ladder with wooden steps.
STURTROS- a cable connecting the tiller to the steering wheel.
SCHOONER- a vessel with slanting sails and at least two masts.
EZELGOFT- double forged ring made of strip metal for connecting the top of the mast with the topmast, the top of the topmast with the topmast, the bowsprit with the jib.
CREW- all personnel of the ship, except passengers.
BOARDSHIP- the place where the ship was built or repaired.
SQUADRON- a large detachment of ships under the command of a person who has his own distinctive flag - a flagship or admiral.
USEN- a thin line, hand-woven from three heels.
CABIN BOY- young sailor apprentice.
UT- part of the deck from the mizzen mast to the end of the stern - the lanyard. The poop is a short, elevated part of the poop, a superstructure starting from the stern, but not reaching the mizzen mast.
YUFERS- a kind of round thick block with smooth holes, called windows, instead of pulleys. Rope lanyards are supported through the deadeyes.
ANCHOR- a forged metal projectile used to stop a ship by engaging it with the seabed. Anchors come in different systems. Two anchors, always ready to release and located on the bow of the ship, are called anchors. In addition to these, there are one or two spares stored nearby. Small anchors, used to pull a vessel from place to place by delivery, are called verps. The heaviest verp is called a stop anchor.
ANCHOR ROPE- a chain attached to an anchor.
YACHT- a vessel that has neither military nor commercial significance and serves for the purposes of water sports or recreation.

Captain
The ships of that time were usually commanded by aristocrats who did not have special knowledge of navigation and navigation. The pirates elected the most experienced and courageous member of the crew as captain. Contrary to the literature, a pirate captain rarely disciplined his sailors with swear words or iron fists. He was respected by the rest of the crew if he had a strong character, was brave and could successfully capture enemy ships. If the captain showed cowardice or cruelty towards his crew, the pirates rebelled and threw the captain overboard, or, at best, landed him on a desert island. Although some of these unfortunate captains were luckier, they managed to persuade the crew to land them at the nearest port and they got a chance to recruit new sailors and buy a new ship. The captain had no right to be last anywhere. The only thing that was not considered a manifestation of cowardice was if the captain remained on his bridge during hand-to-hand combat and did not climb in front of the boarding crew. In fact, the captain had no more power than any other pirate, he only led the ship and crew during the battle. The captain decided when and to which port the ship would go, was responsible for navigation and performed the duties of a pilot. If the crew believed that the captain was not coping well with his duties, he became an ordinary pirate, and his place was taken by another sailor chosen by the entire crew.

Quartermaster
The quartermaster was responsible for the condition of the ship. His main task was the distribution and supply of various materials needed on the ship, including gunpowder, as well as carrying out repair work, distributing booty and punishing offenders. Thus, we can say that the duties that on an ordinary ship were performed by one person, the captain, were distributed between two pirates. This made it possible to eliminate unity of command on the ship, which pirates hated so much. When the captain led the ship in battle, the quartermaster had to lead the boarding party and be in the hottest part of the battle. He also had to determine how valuable the captured cargo was and distribute the spoils. Naturally, the greatest value in mining was gold and silver. But the quartermaster also had to determine what to do with the captured ship's cargo. After all, often the hold of a pirate ship could already be filled with booty and it was necessary to throw away one product for another, more valuable one. The quartermaster was also the only person on the crew who could determine punishments for the offending pirate. The captain could only demand that the culprit be punished, but the degree of guilt was determined by the quartermaster, even if this went against the opinion of the majority. In addition, the quartermaster acted as a judge in disputes between crew members and in duels, if they did not contradict the pirate code. Thus, the quartermaster stood above the ship's captain in matters of military operations, division of spoils and management of the crew.

First Mate
On most ships there was also a position of first mate, who performed captain's duties during his absence. The first mate was also needed to lead the crew when capturing an enemy ship. Some pirate captains always had a first mate on the ship, but most often this position was held by the ship's owner. But often the first mates led riots on ships against the captain. Particularly dangerous was the collusion of the first mate with the quartermaster or boatswain. In fact, two or three officers could easily seize power on the ship into their own hands without bloodshed; it was enough just to draw up a new agreement with the crew, and then the most terrible fate awaited the former captain. He was either marooned on a desert island or hanged from the yardarm of his own ship, although sometimes it happened that the former captain became a simple member of the crew.

Navigator
The most experienced sailors, who know the sailing directions and sea charts perfectly, become navigators. Plotting a course and determining the location of a ship are very difficult tasks. The navigator must be able to use various astronomical instruments, calculate the ship's course and navigate it in the most dangerous places during the voyage. Often, the navigator could single-handedly save the ship during a battle, directing it only to him alone through a known passage between the rocks. The navigator is in charge of priceless sea charts, navigational instruments and ship's clocks. If there was no clerk on the ship, then the navigator was also responsible for keeping records and records. In turn, the first mate sometimes served as navigator.

Boatswain
The ship's crew always had people whose responsibilities included maintaining the technical condition of the ship and managing the crew. It was these duties that were performed by junior officers - ship's boatswains. One boatswain was responsible for equipping the ship, the other for managing the deck crew. There was also a boatswain carrying out the anchorage of the ship. Of course, on a small ship all these responsibilities were combined by one person. In this case, boatswain's duties were performed by captains and quartermasters. Sometimes one of the boatswains whose duties were responsible for managing the sails was called the Sail Master. Such specialists were highly valued among pirates, since sail control was a rather complex science. An ordinary boatswain was also assigned to help the Master, who monitored the condition of the sails, tackle and rigging and also duplicated the master’s commands during a battle or storm.

A carpenter
The carpenter was an extremely important member of the crew, responsible for keeping the ship afloat and the hull and masts in good working order. Good carpenters were also highly valued - pirates were sometimes even allowed not to participate in hand-to-hand combat. Carpenters were responsible for quickly repairing damage to the hull during battle, and also secured planks during storms. In addition, the carpenter’s responsibilities included maintaining the condition of wooden masts and decks, as well as purchasing high-quality materials on shore for repairs on the high seas. During the heeling of the ship, the main part of organizing this hard work also fell on the carpenter, but at the same time he was helped by the whole crew.

Gunner
The gunners were also highly valuable specialists who were responsible for the serviceability of the guns, their readiness to fire, and also personally commanded their guidance during the battle. This science was very difficult, so they were required not only to have a good eye and sober calculation, but also years of constant training and participation in real naval battles. In addition to the gunner, the cannon crew could consist of several people, whose duties included cleaning the gun barrel, loading, lighting the fuse, and rolling the cannon back into place after firing. A separate team could be responsible for bringing in cannonballs and gunpowder, opening and closing loopholes. On pirate ships with a small crew, the cannon crew often consisted of 2-3 people, and fire could only be fired from one side.

Ship's doctor
Doctors were highly valued among pirates, and often when an enemy ship was captured, the doctor was the first to receive an offer to join the winning crew. The doctor was the only person who was allowed not to sign the pirate agreement. Often the doctors of a captured ship were paid a reward if they simply provided assistance to members of the pirate crew. If there was no real doctor on the ship, any suitable pirate who had at least some knowledge of medicine was chosen for this position. A case is mentioned when a ship's carpenter was chosen as a doctor - since he had the necessary “tools” to perform amputations. Sometimes ship cooks were involved in healing - they were familiar with working with meat, but they were less qualified than carpenters.

Ship's cook (cook)
The ship's cook was responsible for food and food supplies. To become a real cook, you had to learn how to cut meat carcasses, know the rules for storing food, and also follow certain rules of cooking, otherwise the team could easily send the would-be cook overboard due to wasteful consumption of food or rotten drinking water. When visiting ports, the ship's cook had to provide provisions for the ship's crew throughout the upcoming voyage, so with the help of the strongest sailors he had to visit local markets and grocery stores. During the voyage, the koku was constantly assigned assistants, whose duties included maintaining the fire in the hearth and carrying food. Food was prepared in special ovens, since wooden ships were very fire hazardous. During the battle, the cook took part in the battle along with the entire team.

Pirate
The pirate is the main cell of the team. The main skill should be the ability to fight and risk your life. Freedom, a wild, cheerful life, contempt for death are the basic principles of pirate philosophy.

Powder Monkey
This position originated in the British Navy. This was the name given to the boys who were part of the weapons team. Pirates often kidnapped or lured the most dexterous and sneaky port boys onto their ships and used their dexterity and dexterity. 11-13 year old pirates were engaged in cleaning weapons, cleaning ship premises, bringing gunpowder and charges during battle, in a word, these were ordinary errand boys. They could crawl into the most hidden corners of the ship, so pirates often used them to look for various hiding places on captured ships. On shore, the boys delivered secret letters to the pirates' allies and were used as scouts in enemy cities. Thanks to their agility and speed, gunpowder monkeys were often the only ones who managed to escape during the sinking of a ship or the capture of pirates. Newcomers on a pirate ship were usually trained as a gunpowder monkey, regardless of age. Powder Monkeys were the most poorly paid and unskilled sailors.

Piracy Agreement
"June 30, 1683
June 30th, 1683. Articles of the agreement adopted between us on board the Camelion under the command of N. Klov, that we will jointly dispose of all the goods on board; everyone must receive their full rightful share. The commander alone will receive two and a half shares for the ship, and the one whom the captain wishes to take as an assistant will receive one and a half shares.
This, Gentlemen, should satisfy you, as well as the fact that the doctor is entitled to one and a half shares, and these are the articles to which we all adhere, individually and collectively.
This should assure you that we intend to trade with the Spaniards and not to deal with any nation that we meet at sea.
So, Gentlemen, we hereby declare that if anyone in the future opposes us, he will be severely punished in accordance with what he has done, and all of you present here have taken a joint oath on the Holy Gospel to stick with each other until the end of life.
John Hallamore
Thomas Dixon sign
Robert Cockram
Joe Darwell cross
Arthur Davis cross
cross of D. Morrin
John Renals
sign of Robert Duzin
Nick. Klov
Samuel Haynsworth
Daniel Kelly
William Heath
John Griffin
Henry Mickelson
Albert Desen
Simon Webson sign
William Strocher
Edward Dow
John Watkins
Edward Starkey
George Paddisson sign
John Copping
sign of Henry Levin."

Rules
Disciplinary norms were stipulated in special “Rules” - a charter adopted on each pirate ship.

Bartholomew Roberts Rules
I
Each crew member has the right to vote on pressing issues; he has an equal right to receive fresh provisions and liquor as soon as they are captured; he can use them at his own pleasure, except in cases where for the general good it becomes necessary to limit their consumption.
II
Each member of the crew must be called, in accordance with the established procedure, on board the prize ship, because, in addition to his share of the captured booty, he can also take a change of linen. But if anyone tries to deceive the partnership and steal a silver plate, jewelry or money, his punishment will be landing on a desert island.
III
No crew member is allowed to play cards or dice for money.
IV
Lights and candles must be extinguished at 8 pm. If any of the crew still wants to continue drinking after this hour, they should do so on the upper deck.
V
Each crew member must keep guns, pistols and cutlass clean and in good working order.
VI
No child or woman is allowed on board. Anyone who brings a woman in disguise to the ship must be executed.
VII
Anyone who voluntarily leaves a ship or his place during a battle is sentenced to death or landing on a desert island.
VIII
No one has the right to fight on board a ship, but any quarrel can be resolved on shore with the use of a saber or pistol. If both parties could not come to an agreement, the quartermaster goes with them to the shore in order to ensure the correctness of the duel and place the opponents with their backs to each other at the required distance. When the command is given, they turn and must fire immediately or the gun will be knocked out of their hands. In the event of a mutual miss, the cutlass are used, and the quartermaster declares the winner the one who drew blood first.
IX
No member of the crew has the right to talk about disbanding the brotherhood until each has collected a share of 1000 pounds. If during the service someone loses a limb or becomes crippled, then 800 dollars are transferred to him from public capital; in case of lesser damage, he receives proportional compensation.
X
When dividing the spoils, the captain and quartermaster receive two shares each, the skipper, boatswain and gunner receive one and a half shares, and the remaining members of the command staff receive one share and a quarter.
XI
Musicians rest only on Sundays, and on the other six days and nights they have no right to do so unless they receive special permission.

Phillips rules
I
Everyone must obey the established rule: when dividing the spoils, the captain is entitled to one and a half shares, the quartermaster, carpenter, boatswain and gunner - a share and a quarter.
II
If it happens that someone escapes from the ship or hides some secret from the company, then he must be landed on a desert island with one horn of gunpowder, one bottle of water, a musket and a bullet.
III
For stealing any item from the company or for cheating during the game, the culprit must be left on a desert island or shot.
IV
If we meet someone left on a desert island (i.e. a pirate) and this person signs our charter without the consent of the entire company, then he must be punished as determined by the captain and carpenter.
V
While this statute remains in force, anyone who strikes another will receive, according to the law of Moses (which is forty lashes minus one) on his bare bottom.

2. And if the guilty person is worthy of beating, then let the judge order to put him down and beat him with him, depending on his fault, according to the count.
3. You can give him forty blows, and no more, so that from many blows your brother will not be disfigured before your eyes.

VI
Anyone who rattles a weapon, smokes tobacco in the hold without putting the cap on his pipe, or carries a lighted candle without a lantern will be subject to the same punishment.
VII
Anyone who does not keep his weapons clean and always ready, or neglects this matter, will be deprived of his share and punished by the verdict of the captain and carpenter.
VIII
Anyone who loses a hand or foot in battle is entitled to 400 reais; for someone who has lost a limb - 800.
IX
If we meet a respectable woman and someone interferes with her without her consent, he will immediately be put to death.

What did the pirates drink?

It is generally accepted that real pirates drank exclusively rum. This is true, in those days rum enjoyed great fame due to its properties. Rum was made from sugar molasses, and thanks to this it did not spoil in the heat. While fresh water began to smell rotten after just a couple of days, a small addition of rum returned the water to its normal taste. This is where the famous name came from - grog - a “cocktail” of water and rum.

Naturally, since I constantly wanted to drink, I drank rum and water very often. It is not surprising that almost all pirates were terrible drunks. The amount of rum given to pirates was practically unlimited, and therefore sea voyages often turned into formal drinking bouts and ended in disasters.
Pirates were very fond of beer, which they took a lot with them on their travels, but beer has a habit of spoiling, so naturally there was less of it than rum. Wine also took place on pirate ships, but it was disproportionately less than other drinks. Wine was an officer's privilege and they drank it little and rarely.

Sailor food was special because it had to meet several vital requirements: be compact enough, super-nutritious and, preferably, non-perishable.
As for the pirates’ diet, it was based on meat food captured from the port and goods intercepted from traders. It’s quite difficult to call pirates picky when it comes to food, so it doesn’t make much sense to study this issue.
Rusks, corned beef, cereals, rum. Under good circumstances - onions, garlic (the most valuable remedies). For bad ones - “potage” (well-boiled bones, cartilage and other remains). Sometimes - cheese, fish. It must be said that there were bad times more often than good ones: neither the captain nor the quartermaster services could clearly determine how long the voyage would last. That's why we saved on everything.

So, meat: corned beef or pork. It lies in the hold in barrels. It doesn't seem like it should spoil quickly. However, it is possible that the villainous quartermaster turned a blind eye to the substandard product supplied to the ship for a certain bribe. Or instead of the small barrels established by the documentation, he took corned beef in large ones. This means that the sailors will take a long time to finish eating spoiled food - after all, the meat in them goes rotten before they have time to eat it.

Another option is “second-class” corned beef: stringy, tough, too salty. Before consumption, such meat was usually chopped into pieces and thrown into a vat, filled with water. Then one of the sailors kneaded it with his feet for a long time to soften the product.
Rusks or biscuits were stored in special chests. Rats and worms often climbed freely there. Experienced sailors therefore advised newcomers to eat crackers in the dark - not to injure, so to speak, the nervous system. Biscuits differed from crackers in the complete absence of salt: this product was designed to balance its excess in corned beef. Often the biscuits were so hard that the sailors had difficulty breaking them, for example, on the table.

Cereals: most often peas. It must be said that hot food was not cooked on a sailboat every day. During a storm or hostilities, the sailors were content with dry rations. Rats and worms also loved peas, so stew “with meat” was a common dish. Speaking of rats: there were very, very many of them on sailing ships. There is evidence that 4,000 rats were killed on one of the Spanish galleons - and this was only during one voyage to Europe from the Caribbean islands.

On land, as at sea, pirates could not do without their favorite rum, but not because they were thirsty, but because they became addicted to alcohol. Many pirate ships were captured only because not a single member of the crew was in a defensive state - everyone was drunk. Overall, this shows the state of pirates at that time. We will always associate the image of a pirate with a bottle of rum. Yo-ho-ho!

Nautical jargon

The most vivid in its imagery part of the vocabulary of sailors is represented by units - words and phrases that belong exclusively to the element of colloquial speech, realized in conditions of informal communication. This is the part of the vocabulary in which it is often difficult to separate professionalism from jargon, since both successfully replace the corresponding equivalent of literary speech used in official documents and formal settings. An integral part of the social group speech of sailors, the vocabulary that can be presented as a language passport by a representative of a given social group, the most striking feature of the speech portrait of a sailor, is maritime jargon.

The main features of maritime jargon: orality (individual units can have a different graphic form), different life spans of each individual unit, regional marking, explained by the existence of a lexical unit in the speech practice of sailors, the presence of buzzwords, which, as a rule, have a very short life, military-military connection maritime with the general jargon of the armed forces, their branches and branches of troops, borrowing from the jargon of other social groups, primarily the youth and criminal environment, the presence of a kind of folklore, as an obligatory fragment of the subculture of a given social group - moral tales, proverbs, stories.

Units of naval jargon reflect the conceptual world of service in the navy: Kuli (a mocking nickname for a sailor who does not have a military rank), Janmaat (joking, sailor), der GroYe (novice navigator) Huhnboot (small boat), “der blaue Peter” (Signalflagge P-flag P of the international code of signals), abreiten (to storm, wait out the storm by lying down in a drift), Erste Geige (ceremonial uniform), Adelsborst - a mocking sea cadet, Affensitz - the helmsman's place in a rowboat, Aldislampe - (Handmorselampe - a pocket flashlight for Morse code transmissions), Hand für Koje- payment for travel on board by physical labor, Himmelshaken (non-existent tool, an item that a newbie should look for to amuse the crew) Himmelskomiker (sea pastor) Kaffeesegler (mocking name for a cozy, unsportsmanlike sailing ship), kapern ( seize a ship), kappen (cut off, chop down), Fettkeller (Maschinenraum - engine room), Kellerkinder (engine room staff), In Kiellinie fahren (ride in the wake), klar Schiff machen and many others. etc. (Dolzhikov S., No. 10, 2002, p. 14).

Commands and orders in the fleet

In any collective activity, be it a team of athletes or a group of tourists, construction or aviation, law enforcement agencies or the army, clear personnel management is necessary to achieve set goals. As a rule, team management occurs through instructions and orders.

Instructions and orders are an integral part of the vocabulary in navigation. In this type of activity, such lexical combinations are extremely important, since the success of the voyage and even the fate of the entire crew depends on the interaction of the crew. In the navy, there is a clear distribution of responsibilities and positions among the ship's crew (a similar structure in the armed forces). The maritime language is very rich in various command expressions, especially when it comes to vocabulary on sailing ships. To solve assigned tasks, commands come from senior command staff to lower-ranking crew members.

Examples of various commands

Run achtern!- all the way back!

Stützen!- keep the course straight!

stütz Ruder!- resist the ship's rotation during maneuver!

klar bei Anker! - make an anchor for recoil!

Besanschot an- traditional command on large sailing ships to hand out a glass of schnapps

fest!- command to stop lifting, mooring

Halt Wasser!- Command to stop the rowing vessel

in Segelstellung bringen!- command to turn off the engine and sail

Komm auf!- bring the oar to the middle part of the ship, boat

Recht so!- command to stay the course

Ree!- into the wind!

alle Mann an Deck! - all the way up! (team)

Rein Schiff!- team for thorough cleaning of the ship

Setzen die Segel!- raise the sails

abfahren!- Set sail!