Pike. Types of pike. Record pike. Interesting facts about pikes Message on the topic of pike fish
And it belongs to the class of bony fish.
Habitat
It lives in the waters of Eurasia and North America. These could be rivers, ponds, lakes. It prefers a coastline with rich aquatic vegetation, preferably the presence of stones and snags, in which it likes to hide.
Appearance
The fish can reach one and a half meters in length and weigh 45 kg. She has a long, strong body, a large head with a clearly protruded lower jaw. The scales of the fish perfectly camouflage the predator among the algae and make it almost invisible. The belly is white, and the sides and back are green-gray with brown speckles.
Depending on the habitat of the individual, the color of the fish can take on shades: yellow-green or gray-yellow back. The ventral and pectoral fins are yellow-orange, the rest are brown-yellow with dark spots. The mouth is large, the teeth are sharp and dangerous. On the lower jaw, teeth are constantly replaced by new ones throughout its life.
Nutrition
It feeds on various fish, amphibians, and insects. May attack small waterfowl and their chicks. In times of hunger, it can eat its own relative, only smaller than itself.
Most often, the hunter waits in ambush, hiding among algae or snags, waiting for the victim, then pounces, grabbing it with her teeth. It always swallows food head first; if, say, a fish is positioned with its tail to the pike’s mouth, then it will definitely intercept it in the right order - head to head to the predator’s head.
Spawning
They go to spawn early in the spring, as soon as the ice melts on the water. The female is surrounded by several males, they splash noisily in the shallow water, beat their tails, and jump out of the water. At this time, they do not eat anything and become vulnerable themselves; pikes can be caught almost with your bare hands. The female will lay from 15 to 210 thousand eggs, scattering them widely in the water. They settle on algae leaves or on the bottom. After a week or two, the larvae, 7.5 mm long, appear, and as soon as they gain the ability to feed on their own, they immediately get to work.
They feed on the larvae of other fish and small crustaceans. When they grow to 5 cm in length, they hunt for fish fry. What can you do, predators. It eats a lot, grows quickly, and at the age of 4 months, the fry reaches a body length of 25 cm. In general, pikes benefit the reservoir in which they live; they are orderlies, eating sick and weak fish. After all, everyone knows that in the struggle for survival the strongest wins.
Pike is a predator. Reaches a length of 1.5 meters and a weight of 30-35 kilograms. But usually its length does not exceed a meter and its weight is 8 kilograms. The structure of her body is ideal for lightning-fast attacks on her victims. Thanks to its powerful, muscular tail, the pike can make a strong jerk from a standing position to attack an unsuspecting victim. A powerful jaw and teeth speak for themselves: it’s better not to put your finger in your mouth. It feeds on fish, and large individuals of pike can even attack birds: goslings, ducklings, waders, and do not disdain frogs, mice, water rats and crayfish.
Pike belongs to pike family. The head is large, elongated due to large jaws, seemingly flattened on top, the snout looks like a duck’s. The lower jaw is protruded in front of the upper jaw. The powerful, huge mouth is armed with thin, blade-sharp teeth that are curved inward. Even the palate and gills of the predator are covered with small and dangerous teeth.
The body is cylindrical, peak-shaped. The dorsal fin is located above the anal fin, far behind. All fins, except the caudal one, have a rounded shape. The body is covered with small scales covered with mucus. The color of pike is gray-brown, gray-yellow or gray-green with stripes and spots along the sides. The back of the pike is dark, and the belly is always light. The pectoral and pelvic fins of the predator are red-orange, single fins have brown spots. Pike is widespread in fresh water bodies of Eurasia and North America.
Pike habitats
Pike habitats include rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs. Each pike has its own ambush - a favorite place that it has chosen and in which it spends most of its life. Pike does not like fast cold currents or muddy water. Young individuals prefer to live in coastal areas in thickets of grass, while large specimens go deeper and find shelter in natural shelters.
It starts with warming the water to 3-6 degrees. First, young, small individuals come out on it, later larger fish. During this period, the pike comes out into shallow water and spawns, behaving quite noisily, floundering in the water. During grating, the female is accompanied by 3-4 males, and large females are accompanied by up to eight males.
This concludes the description of pike. Good luck hunting this amazing predator!
Entertaining material for younger students. There are many unusual things in nature
There are about 200 thousand species of different fish on earth, more than frogs, newts, toads, salamanders, snakes, lizards, all birds and all animals taken together!
The sizes of fish are very different: from 1 cm to 20 meters. It has been noticed that in small reservoirs fish do not grow as large as in large ones. Every fish has its own special body shape, its own color and its own size. There are fish that are thin and long, like a whip, thick and round, like a ball, tiny - the size of an ant, and huge - larger than an elephant. There are herbivorous fish, like sheep and goats, and there are carnivorous fish, like tigers and lions.
The body of almost all fish is covered with scales, like chain mail. Fish scales grow throughout their lives, growing in patches. In summer, the fish grows quickly - and the ring on the scales is wide, but in winter it hardly grows - and the ring turns out to be narrow. By the rings, wide and narrow, you can count how many winters there are and how old the fish is.
Fish are perfectly adapted for life in water. No wonder they say: “Pisces are children of water.” Their bodies are streamlined, and this makes swimming easier for them. The gills extract the oxygen needed for breathing from the water. The caudal fin, like an oar, moves the fish in the water. Pebbles - otoliths - float in special chambers in the head; they help the fish maintain balance. Fish have a swim bladder (no one but fish has one!), which helps them dive, surface and soar in the air, and even “talk”. And there is also an amazing organ - the lateral line. It allows fish to see without eyes and hear without ears. A person has five senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch. And fish have six of them! Sixth - feeling the sideline. The predator is not yet visible or heard, but the fish already feels its approach - with its sides!
The science that studies fish is called ichthyology. Fish are adapted to the place in which they live. Fish that have to swim a lot are slender and streamlined in shape. These include herring, tuna, salmon, sharks, and mullet. Those for whom it is more important to hide more reliably, to be invisible, look like stones, like algae, like lumps of silt. For example, seahorses, pipefish, stingrays, gobies.
The coloring of the fish is also very different. There are white, black and brown fish. There are completely colorless, almost transparent. There are many multi-colored fish: striped, speckled, speckled, zigzag. Some fish are colored like chameleons. Flounder on a sandy bottom turns yellow, on a muddy bottom - gray, and on a rocky bottom - spotted. There are fish that turn pale when they are scared and turn red when they are angry.
Birds lay eggs and fish spawn. The eggs hatch into fry. Fish lay eggs in hundreds, thousands, millions. Most of our fish spawn in spring and summer (pike, perch, roach, bream, carp, catfish), some spawn in autumn (salmon, trout), or even in winter (burbot).
The eggs mature on algae, driftwood, and stones. But there are fish that make special nests for eggs. The seahorse and pipefish always carry their eggs with them, in a special pouch on their belly. The fewer eggs a fish lays, the more it cares about them.
There are viviparous fish: sharks, rays, eelpout. They hatch eggs inside the body and immediately spawn live fish. And yet, most of the fish and eggs die. But it would be much worse if a fry hatched from each egg, and a fish grew from each fry. Then all the rivers, seas, lakes and oceans would overflow with fish, and then they would all die from overcrowding and lack of food.
Fishes of the Amur region
There are up to 60 species of fish in the reservoirs of the Amur region. From the sturgeon family in the Amur. Zee, Selemdzha are home to the largest local fish - kaluga and Amur sturgeon. The largest sizes of kaluga are up to 4 m in length and about a ton of weight. From the salmon family, taimen, whitefish, and lenok are found within the region. The cold-loving fish of the northern regions of the region is grayling.
Many small representatives of cyprinids live in rivers and lakes: minnows, Amur ide. Valuable commercial cyprinid fish include grass carp, silverfish, Amur carp, silver carp, and silver carp.
A ubiquitous inhabitant of our reservoirs is pike, reaching up to a meter in length and up to 16 kg in weight. The Amur catfish is widely known. This is a predatory nocturnal fish. Inhabits large rivers and lakes, mainly in the southern regions. The Amur fish of the killer whale family are unique: the creaking killer whale, the whip killer whale, etc. All killer whales are devoid of scales, their skin is covered with poisonous mucus, there are antennae on the upper and lower jaws, and sharp spines in the dorsal and pectoral fins. An interesting fish of the Amur is the snakehead. It is found in the riverbed of the Amur, large lakes, and muddy places. Can use atmospheric oxygen for breathing. In the Amur, from the lower reaches to Blagoveshchensk, Chinese perch (auha) is found. This is a typical predator. The only freshwater fish from the cod family found in our reservoirs is burbot.
River Dwellers
Pink salmon is a traveler fish. While it grows, it swims across the seas. But when the time comes to postpone the game, the pink salmon will rush with all its might into the river where it itself was once born. Its path is long and difficult - through waterfalls, shallows and riffles, sometimes crawling on its belly the fish reaches its native channel or stream. It arrives at the spot, digs a hole at the bottom, lays eggs, and, exhausted, dies. When the pink salmon fry hatch from their eggs, they will roll down the river into the ocean.
Ruff is somewhat reminiscent of a hedgehog - just as prickly. Ruff is very tenacious: if you throw it on the ice, it will freeze, but in the warmth it will thaw and float again. Crucian carp is unpretentious. Can live in stagnant water. Eats everything.
Roaches are very similar to swallows - sharp, dexterous and have forked tails. Because of its beautiful red fins, fishermen call the roach rudd.
Tench on land becomes covered with spots and some kind of rags. This mucus on it hardens, flakes off and falls off. The fish got its name from its ability to shed.
Fishermen called the pike the river wolf. She attacks both small fish and large ones if she is hungry. It will drag a gosling or duckling to the bottom. But pike also has one nickname - river orderly. After all, first of all, pike attacks sick fish and thereby cleans water bodies and prevents diseases from spreading.
Riddles about fish
1. Parents and children have all their clothes made of coins. (Fish.)
2. I took the bait without saying “thank you”
An impolite... (fish) swam away somewhere.
3. Wags its tail back and forth, and it is gone, and there is no trace. (Fish.)
4. A brawler and a bully lives in river water
And it doesn’t allow little fish to pass through.
Bony and prickly, he doesn’t like to joke,
Even a pike can’t swallow it. (Ruff.)
5. She lives in the water, has no beak, but pecks. (Fish.)
6. All covered in needles, like a hedgehog, what is the name of the fish?... (Ruff.)
7. In rivers, oxbow lakes,
There are many thickets in which,
This fish lives
And lives in quarries,
And he doesn’t avoid ponds
With freezing water.
And it can be silver
And it comes in gold. (Crucian carp.)
8. He lives in the pool itself, the master of the depths,
It has a huge mouth, and its eyes are barely visible. (Som.)
9. At the bottom, where it is quiet and dark, lies a mustachioed log. (Som.)
10. She had a saw in her mouth, she lived under water.
It frightened everyone, swallowed everyone and now ended up in the cauldron. (Pike.)
11. She is the most dangerous of all in the river, cunning, gluttonous, strong.
Besides, she’s so mean! Of course it's... (pike).
12. I am a fish. My whole family lives in the seas
Only in the river - me! (Burbot.)
Poems about fish
Boy Zhenya is a fisherman.
And Zhenya is a fisherman.
Fishing is a passion.
What you use to catch fish is tackle.
There is a worm on the hook - profit.
There's a catch of crucian carp in the scoop.
V. Gusev
Egorka is lucky again!
It’s not in vain that he sits by the river:
Five crucian carp in a bucket
And four minnows.
But look - at the bucket
A sly cat appeared...
How many fishes go home Egorka
Will he bring it to us?
V. Torticollis
WHERE DOES THE FISH SLEEP?
It's dark at night, quiet at night.
Fish, fish, where do you sleep?
The fox trail leads to the hole,
The dog's trail goes to the kennel,
Belkin's trail leads to a hollow,
Myshkin - to the hole in the floor.
It’s a pity that it’s in the river on the water
There are no traces of you anywhere.
Only darkness, only silence.
Fish, fish, where do you sleep?
I. Tokmakova
THE MOST-MOST
Who are you?
I'm the best!
Mustachioed, strong and stubborn!
Whiskered? You must be a cat.
And the strongest one is
That means an elephant.
But does an elephant live in water?
And the cat? He's afraid of water!
But I don’t like it on land.
My warm home is at the bottom of the river.
I'm the very best
I am the very best catfish!
FISHERMAN
Fisherman, angler,
Show off your catch!
I caught a big bream
And burbot - like this!
Two humpbacks, striped
Perch and two tench!
Pike, carp, pike perch...
And in the bucket there are two fry.
V. Musatov
The pike in the river sleeps at the bottom,
A school of fish swims above her.
How can you, fish, not get caught?
A toothy pike in your mouth!
Under the water lilies in silence,
Where it’s not very shallow,
Important breams are walking
The width of a plate.
Quiz about fish
1. Who has both eyes on the same side? (At the flounder.)
2. Who has a mouth on its belly? (At the shark.)
3. Which fox kills fish with its tail? (One of the shark species: it has weak teeth and a very long tail, almost like a body.)
4. Which dog doesn't bark? (There is a dog fish, it does not bark, but bites hard: its caviar and liver are poisonous.)
5. What kind of fish builds a nest? (Stickleback fish.)
6. Who swims tail first? (Pink salmon fry leave the river into the sea with their tail first.)
7. Who flies and not the bird? (A flying fish can fly more than a hundred meters, it flies like a glider.)
8. What fish is domesticated by humans? (Mirror carp.)
9. Which fish resembles a chess piece in appearance? (Sea Horse.)
10. What fish have antennae? (Sturgeon, barbel, carp, carp.)
11. What animals sleep with their eyes open? (Fishes have no eyelids, snakes have fused eyelids.)
12. What fish carry weapons on their noses? (Swordfish, sawfish.)
13. What fish are called celestial bodies? (Fish-moon, fish-sun.)
14. What fish live long? (Beluga - up to 100 years, pike - more than 100 years, catfish - up to 60 years.)
15. Which fish swims faster than all other fish? (Swordfish - 25 m/sec.)
Proverbs, sayings, signs
The fish looks for where it is deeper, and the person looks for where it is better.
You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
Silent as a fish.
Like a fish in water.
Slippery like an eel.
Where there is no pike, the ruff is the master.
Fish jump out of the water - before the rain.
The best
The largest fish on Earth is the whale shark, its length is up to 20 meters.
The largest river fish is catfish. The length of this predator reaches 5 m, and its weight is more than 300 kg.
The most frost-resistant fish is the rare dallia fish, or black fish, which lives in small rivers and swamps of Chukotka, as well as off the coast of Alaska. The reservoirs there freeze to the very bottom. But this does not interfere with the dalia; it buries itself in the silt and spends the winter there, freezing even into the ice. At the same time, it freezes so much that it becomes brittle. It remains in this state throughout the long winter. In the spring she thaws out and continues to live normally!
The smallest fish in our waters is the Berg goby, which inhabits the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas. Bulls 3 cm in size seem like giants among their relatives.
The record holder for jumping among fish is salmon, which overcomes 3-4 m in the air.
Off the coast of Europe, from the Black Sea to the Barents Sea, lives the fish monkfish. In appearance, it lives up to its name. Imagine a one and a half meter tadpole with a huge toothy mouth, a back studded with spines, and skin covered with warts. The anterior ray of the dorsal fin—the “fishing rod”—is extended into a flexible rod, with a tassel at the end of the rod. Half-buried in the sand, the devil tilts the rod in different directions and moves the brush. Once an interested fish approaches, it
instantly disappears into a huge mouth.
Pineapple fish lives in small rivers, lakes in India and on the Philippine Islands. People call it a creeper. When it rains or is hit by morning dew, the Pineapple often gets out of water bodies and travels overland in search of food. The fish crawls, pushing off with its tail, pectoral fins and spines of gill covers, walks hundreds of meters from pond to pond, crawls over stones and fallen trees. And when it happens that the water in the river completely dries up, the slider fish bury themselves in the silt and hibernate.
Another unique fish, the mudskipper, also lives in tropical waters. It can often be seen climbing onto the aerial roots of mangrove trees. The peculiar structure of the pectoral fins allows the fish to quickly jump on land. It's almost impossible to catch up with them.
The leaf fish lives in the rivers of Brazil. Its body is flat, like a leaf, its nose is elongated, like the petiole of a leaf, and on its sides there are patterns similar to leaf veins. And she floats like a dead leaf with the flow. Everyone confuses it with a leaf and doesn’t touch it.
In the tropics there lives a four-eyed fish: each eye is divided in two. The fish swims on the surface and watches the air with the upper halves of its eyes, and the bottom with its lower halves. He sees what is above and what is below - he will not overlook anything.
Piranha means "pirate" in Portuguese. These seemingly harmless fish have powerful, bulldog-like jaws lined with strong, sharp teeth. A piranha will instantly bite through a stick as thick as a finger, and it won’t spare the finger itself. If piranhas encounter a swimming boar or bull, they will leave behind a pile of gnawed bones. Even crocodiles are afraid of them. However, they are edible, you just need to catch them carefully.
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Pike is an inhabitant of reservoirs Prepared by: student of MBOUSOSH No. 50, 4th grade “B” Martynov Evgeniy
Belongs to the pike family. This is a predatory fish. The pike's body is elongated and torpedo-shaped. The body color is greenish-dark, sometimes black on the back, greenish with an admixture of yellow, with many spots, stripes, and strokes of varying clarity on the sides. The abdominal part of the pike's body is whitish. The pectoral and ventral fins are yellowish-red. The pike has a huge mouth with razor-sharp teeth. It lives in lakes and rivers almost throughout the country. Pike prefers calm water. It stays alone where it is convenient to watch for prey and remain unnoticed due to its variegated coloring, namely: near boulders, near a break in the bottom, near snags and near a washed-out shore. And also among thickets of aquatic plants. Pike
Reaches a length of one and a half meters and a weight of 35 kg. Pike is very voracious and feeds on almost any fish, including its own young.
Pike feed all year round, but the intensity of their feeding and the composition of their food varies depending on the season. The main fattening occurs in the spring. It usually consumes the most abundant fish. In lakes and reservoirs these are roach, perch, ruff, and bream. In rivers, the importance of typical river fish in pike food increases: gudgeon, loach, minnow, sculpin goby, etc. In addition to fish, pike readily eats frogs. They are found in its diet in the spring, but more often in the fall, when they form large clusters in preparation for wintering. There are known cases when a pike dragged mice, rats, waders and even squirrels swimming across the river into the depths of the river. Large pikes are capable of attacking a swimming duck, and in this case they are called “ducklings”.
This summer I caught my first pike... Akhtuba River
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Pike is an ancient predator, common in Europe, Asia, and North America. This glutton eats everything, even ruffs and perches with spiny fins. In addition to fish, this predator can eat crayfish, worms, frogs, small ducks and other birds that land on the surface of the water. There is evidence that pike ate beavers, muskrats, and turtles. There are many interesting facts about this inhabitant of rivers and lakes.
Peculiarities
The pike has a huge toothed mouth, which when open is much larger than it seems - it expands to a greater width and is capable of swallowing prey that is even wider than itself.
The pike's teeth are somewhat bent back with hooks, there are many of them, they are arranged in several rows on the upper jaw. Such teeth perfectly capture, like a harpoon, and with their help the victim is pushed into the digestive system. Swallowing is done with the head inwards, making it more difficult for the victim to escape. But the mouth is still designed in such a way that the predator, if desired, can quickly push the victim out if something goes wrong during the eating process.
With a long, streamlined body controlled by powerful muscles, this predatory fish can swim upstream with fast mountain fish, jumping onto low rapids.
With good nutrition, pike grow up to 70 centimeters in the first year, then the fish increase in length by two centimeters annually. Pike are considered large when they reach a weight of 6 kilograms, but pikes weighing 20 kilograms are not at all uncommon.
Hunting
Speed helps the pike to quickly attack from an ambush; it uses this, often hiding in the reeds and waiting for prey. Another trick is to drive small fish onto the shallows, where the pike has an advantage, since when hunting you don’t have to wag up and down, but only on the sides. And the fish run away to shallower water, thinking that it will be more difficult for a large predator to swim there. These features are used by fishermen, luring predatory fish with spoons near the reeds or from the depths to the shallows.
Another feature that helps in hunting is its excellent camouflage. The surface is spotted, there are stripes on the sides (emerald green color predominates), the belly is light. This is a kind of chameleon of reservoirs, since the color depends on the habitat - if the pike spends a lot of time in a peat bog, in a hole or under roots and underwater branches, it is dark brown. If the lake is shallow and the bottom is sandy, the fish take on a green color, which often becomes closer to yellow. In fast-flowing rivers, pike are blue and have bright colors.
Individuals that live in rivers and lakes differ from each other - those that live in the river are longer with a thinner body. There are also bottom pikes that live in bottom river and lake holes; they are thicker than grass pikes - pikes that live between algae near the shore. Grass grasses with a meter length weigh about three kilograms, bottom ones with the same length can reach ten or more kilograms. The type of pike also differs depending on gender - males are smaller than females of the same age.
Pike can hunt at a length of about one centimeter - their prey is the larvae of carp fish, which spawn immediately after the pike. After five centimeters, pike no longer hunt larvae, but fry of other fish.
After floods, some pike remain in lakes, which have a connection with the river only when the water rises. Such individuals can eat all the fish in the lake, after which they can even resort to cannibalism by eating other pike. It happens that pikes remain the only fish in lakes, since all other species have been eaten; pikes even eat crayfish and snails, filling their stomachs with heavy food so much that it is difficult for them to move. Such individuals can be small in size, even half the size of their relatives, who eat better.
Longevity
In 1230, the German Emperor Frederick II personally caught a large pike three meters long, it weighed about 70 kilograms. The fish was given a gold ring and released into the lake. In the same lake, near the German city of Helboron, she was caught 267 years later; in two and a half centuries she grew to a length of 570 centimeters, weighing 140 kilograms. The pike was white, probably due to age, and was released back into the lake.
Another interesting fact is known that confirms the longevity of pike - at the beginning of the 17th century, Russian Tsar Boris Godunov ringed the pike with a gold ring, which was attached to the gills. Almost 200 years later, a pike was caught in the Tsaritsin ponds; it was two and a half meters long. We learned about Boris Godunov's experiment from the engraving on the gill ring. These facts should not be mistrusted, but scientists say that pike do not live more than 33 years. The largest documented pike in Russia was caught in Lake Ilmen in 1930. Although there were specimens weighing over 45 kilograms in the CIS, these records were not documented.
Over the course of a long life, pikes gain experience and, acquiring large sizes, look for larger victims. They may well eat small ducks, muskrats and other waterfowl. Individuals several meters long are capable of eating larger mammals, such as dogs, although such cases are unknown. It is also unknown whether a five-meter individual is capable of attacking a person, but, as we know, this predator eats everything, so the danger to people is quite real, because this fish attacks victims who can be equal in size to it, and objects of hunting that are 3 in size /4 of the size of pike - common prey.
Spawning
Pike lay eggs in early spring, as soon as the ice melts. The fish spawns at a depth of up to one meter close to the shore, creating noise by splashing. Males become adults at the age of four years, females at the age of five years.
At first, small pikes spawn, then larger ones, and the largest pikes come last to lay eggs. Moreover, females swim in front, and several males swim behind her, this is clearly visible from the water from above, since spawning takes place in shallow water.
When pikes lay eggs, they are very restless - they rub against reeds, tree roots, bush branches, and lay eggs not in one place, but in different ones. Males can jump out of the water. Since pike lay their eggs in shallow water, they may die if the lake is drained of water or the water level simply drops sharply.
Pike not only act as hunters, they are also hunted by otters, different types of eagles and falcons, and fry are eaten by perches and catfish. A dangerous predator is also a person who hunts for tasty fish meat, which has few bones and fat.