The Sukhona River is the most important and brief. The Sukhona River in the city of Sokol. Left-sided tributaries of the Sukhona River

The largest river in the Vologda region, famous for its rifts and rapids, picturesque banks, reverse flow in large floods, and repeated changes of bed at the mouth, is the Sukhona, obstinate, willful, majestic and beautiful. And the most amazing place on the Sukhona is Opoki - the Sukhona miracle, the pearl of the Sukhona.
1.
Opoki is the name of a sharp bend and the most dangerous rapids on the Sukhona.

The river, squeezed by high steeps, bubbles and foams among the stones.
The current is the fastest here (speed reaches 5 m/sec, which is comparable only to mountain rivers)
and the smallest depths (up to 30 cm).

2.

I have known these places since early childhood.
My grandfather was the head of the OPOKI pier in the 50s of the last century)))
Wow! My sister and I often visited here in the summer. We rode down steep banks on soft colored clay, like down a hill in winter)))
But now those places are no longer recognizable.
3.

Starting from the water's edge and up the slope to the edge of the main bank between the previously existing village of Opoki and the mouth of the Strelna River, in the area of the village of Opoki there is the most dangerous rapid on the Sukhona River with the same name - Opoki. The length of the rapid is 1.5 km, the bottom is rocky. In the old days, when rivers were the main trade routes, merchants preferred not to take risks, but to drag ships with goods.

5.

The water in the river is clear, every pebble is visible.
In the shallows of the river you can find fossils, geodes with quartz and amethyst, and colorful flints.
They were brought to the Sukhona shores by a glacier from Karelia and the Kola Peninsula.

And what air there is - beyond words!
Here and there there are tourist stops.
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In the Old Russian language the word "opoka" meant "rock". The Sukhona rocks were formed not in the mountains, but on the plain.

12.

The river, having cut through the bedrock deposits, revealed a 65-meter thick layer of Permian and Quaternary sediments. The shore resembles a giant layer cake with brownish-brown, dark gray and white stripes. A cake is “baked” from clays, marls, siltstones, limestones, which are more than 200 million years old! The rocks are fractured and lie with a slight slope downstream of the river.
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In Opoki, the Sukhona makes a sharp turn, forming a narrow and long cape.
At its very peak in 1943-1947 was the Gulag zone - “Opokstroy” with 1,100 prisoners.
They built a hydroelectric power station: they cut down ryazhi, filled them with stones and earth, and covered them with iron.

16.

In the 1940s, work was in full swing in Opoki: under the barking of guard dogs, prisoners moved millions of cubic meters of soil in wheelbarrows. The construction was carried out by the largest "construction" organization of that time - the NKVD. They tried to tame the wayward Sukhona by building a hydraulic complex, upper and lower shipping canals, a navigable single-chamber lock and a blind water-shed dam. By the beginning of navigation in 1947, the work was completed. However, during the first flood, the river demolished most of the dam. Its remains were scattered along the Sukhona. Much water has passed under the bridge since then... Almost nothing has survived from the Opoksky waterworks. Only dilapidated sluice structures and a worship cross for people who innocently died during construction remind of the past.
In place of the Gulag zone there is a worship cross “For those who suffered without guilt.”
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In 1963, Opoki became part of the state natural monument "Lens - places of alleged paleontological finds." At the beginning of the 21st century, the Opoki tract acquired the status of a landscape reserve.

This is a natural monument.
From Veliky Ustyug to the Sukhonskaya landmark is just over 70 km. We're approaching.
Our goal was to cross to the left bank of the Sukhona.
From the high bank we easily went down by taxi straight to the crossing.

19.

Let's go look for the boatmen

20.

Swifts fly over the river. They make nests on the high left bank of the river.

21.

Streams and rivulets flowing into the Sukhona further tear apart these layered-striped rocks, forming creeks.

22.

We found a boatman, a boat, briskly boarded the motorboat and... LET'S GO!

We got out to the opposite bank and went to the well. Along the way we admired the flowers
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Motorboats cannot approach the fountain itself, so we had to walk along the bank.
24.

Here he is! I saw him for the first time. Still, it’s a long way to get to it.
25.

On the left bank of the Sukhona there is a gushing source of ferruginous artesian waters.
A well up to 192.4 meters deep was drilled in 1941 by geologists during engineering-geological surveys of quartz sand with the aim of building a glass factory. But instead of sand, geologists discovered clean artesian water. The aquifer, from which water flows under pressure, is located at depths of 95.3 m and pours out 50 liters of water per second.

26.

Rainbow on earth.

27.

At first glance it is a fountain. But the fountain is natural. It would be even more correct to say – a gushing source. It has been roaring here for decades, leading to bewilderment - where does such a burst of water come from?
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And there is beauty all around!

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Of course, I wandered around the pebbles barefoot, took a bath in an ice-cold shower... to the general friendly squeal))))
The pebbles are so hard that if you walk barefoot by the fountain,
I came home with a complete bruise on my left foot. ((((((

32.

We return to the boat past the sedge. The boatman arrives in response to a call from his phone.
A trip on a motorboat is paid for both ways.
How cool it is to ride along the river on a motor boat! I wanted to sing songs)

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We head back to the crossing, where a taxi is patiently waiting for us.

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It was here, under the pressure of the river, that the Sukhona rocks were formed. Gradually gnawing into the thickness of ancient Permian and Quaternary sediments, the river exposed a 70-meter layer of red clays, white gypsum, and other mineral rocks, hundreds of millions of years old. And this entire exposed “construction” fascinates with its regular, and in some places even ideal, geometric shapes and a restrained but expressive palette. A dense northern forest is green on the rocks above. (from the Internet)
36.

These shores are 200 million years old!!! It's scary to think about. Next to them you feel like a little bug.

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We're on our way back! But it was not there...
Our car couldn’t get back up the steep bank (((We had to walk up the hill...
Finally, we got into the car and drove off.

39.

And here they are repairing the bridge across the Strelna River. They cut off part of the hill - and it’s like a layer cake!

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Temporary bridge over the river

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And without any problems, we return to Veliky Ustyug with the breeze.

A river in the European part of the Russian Federation, the left component of the North. Dvina. 558 km, basin area 50.3 thousand km². Flows out of the lake. Kubenskoye, the flow from which is regulated by a dam with a sluice. Average water flow 463 m³/s. Slavnaya... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

SUKHONA, a river in the European part of Russia, the left component of the river. Northern Dvina. 558 km, pl. basin 50.3 thousand km2. Flows out of the lake. Kubenskoye, the flow from which is regulated by a dam with a sluice. Average water flow 463 m3/s. Splavnaya. Su is profitable.... ...Russian history

River, lion. composed Northern Dvina; Vologda region The name is explained from the popular term sukhodon (from dry + bottom), which is used in the North to designate sandy and loamy shoals with a hard bottom. Sukhona's character corresponds to this... ... Geographical encyclopedia

Exist., number of synonyms: 1 river (2073) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

Sukhona- Sukhona River. Sukhona, river, left component of the Northern Dvina, in the Vologda region, length 558 km, basin area 50.3 thousand km2. It flows out of Lake Kubenskoye, the flow from which is regulated by a dam with a navigation lock. Flows mainly along... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

One of the two large rivers that form the North. Dvina. I explained this hydronym (Mel. Mikkola 339 et seq.) from *Suhodna, cf. Sukhodon is a river in [formerly] Kemsk. u. Arhang. lips Direct education from *sukh is also acceptable, similar to other Russian... ... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Vasmer

A river in the European part of Russia, the left component of the river. Northern Dvina. 558 km, basin area 50.3 thousand km2. It flows out of Lake Kubenskoye, the flow from which is regulated by a dam with a sluice. Average water flow 463 m3/s. Splavnaya. Navigable.... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Sukhona- Sp Sùchona Ap Sukhona/Sukhona L u. RF Vologdos sr… Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė

A river in the Vologda region of the RSFSR, the left component of the Northern Dvina. Length 558 km, basin area 50,300 km2. It originates from Lake Kubenskoye, the flow from which is regulated by a dam with a navigation lock. In the upper reaches the floodplain is wide; V… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

R. Vologda province, one of two component branches that make up the beginning of the river. North Dvina. Flows from the southeast. parts of Kubensky Lake; before the rift or separation of Okolnaya S. during the 65th century. flows to the S.E. and name Rabanskaya S., then turns to S... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Books

, A. Shchekatov. Ravanskaya Sukhona, a river in the Vologda province, emerging from Lake Ubenskoe, 50 wide, 3 to 4 fathoms deep, 50 versts long, and connecting at hay meadows with a roundabout...
Geographical dictionary of the Russian state. part 5, R. - S., A. Shchekatov. Ravanskaya Sukhona, a river in the Vologda province, emerging from Lake Ubenskoye, 50 wide, 3 to 4 fathoms deep, 50 versts long, and connecting at hay meadows with a roundabout...

The Sukhona is rightfully considered the most beautiful river in the Vologda region. It majestically carries its waters along a wide valley covered with pine forest. While fishing on its banks you can feel the real spirit of the Russian North.

Sukhona is notable not only for its incredibly beautiful landscapes, but also for its rather unusual behavior. Most rivers begin their journey narrow and fast, and as they approach the mouth, they widen and slow down. Sukhona behaves the opposite way. In the upper reaches it has a wide valley and a very slow current, and closer to the mouth it resembles a real mountain river, sandwiched between steep banks and rich in rapids and riffles. The reason for this behavior lies in the origin of the river. Many thousands of years ago, a glacier melted in its place, forming a giant lake. At some point, the water level in it rose so much that it literally “splashed out” over the surrounding hills. This is how Sukhona was formed. Over time, the river carved out a deep, narrow floodplain in the hills, completely draining the lake. What was once its bottom today forms the flat and wide valley of the Sukhona. During floods, the river sometimes seems to remember that it was once a lake, and overflows for tens of kilometers around.

CHANGING RIVER

Sukhona has an exceptionally fickle character. It even changed its course several times, especially near the mouth. For example, in historical documents you can read that the Trinity-Gledengsky churchyard is located on the left bank of the Sukhona, but now it stands on the right. The fact is that in 1850 the river once again changed its course, going around the churchyard on the other side. The direction of the Sukhona flow changes almost every year. During high water, its tributaries Vologda and Lezha flow with such force that they literally turn the river in the opposite direction. So, if for most of the year the Sukhona flows out of Lake Kubenskoye, then in the spring, one might say, it flows into it.

HOUSING ISSUE

The changeable nature of the Sukhona is the reason for both the great diversity of fish and the many difficulties that await an angler new to this river. First of all, you need to choose the right area, especially since each type of fish has its own favorite places. Thus, bream in the Sukhona prefers to stay above the mouths of tributaries, and ruff and pike perch prefer to stay in the mouths themselves, where there is a sandy bottom. You should go to shallow waters for dace, as well as roach and ide, but these two prefer overgrown areas. In the channels between the islands, bleak and perch bite well. Pike in Sukhona can be caught almost everywhere: even at depth, even in coastal thickets. Sterlet, on the contrary, is quite rare and is found mainly on the rifts. In addition, the Sukhona has an extremely diverse bottom. Shallow waters and riffles with strong currents alternate with calm reaches. In some deep places, the bottom is covered with flooded trees, which provide shelter for many fish, but at the same time make bottom fishing difficult. As a result, when choosing a site, it is best to consult with local residents who have studied the river up and down. There are, however, well-known catching places, but there the competition is higher. These include the mouth of Ledenga and areas in the area of the village of Churilovka, the village of Dvinitsa and the village of Shuisky.

THE ELUSIVE Pike-perch

In walleye fishing, location selection is especially important—and especially difficult. This predatory fish migrates from place to place and from depth to surface both during the day and throughout the year. In the spring, after spawning, pike perch mainly stays in shallows and bays. From July, the fish move to wide water, and on especially hot days, even to depth. In autumn, pike perch is completely unpredictable, and you can only rely on luck to catch it.

The best catches can be expected in the summer, a few weeks after spawning. At this time, pike perch are actively feeding. They prefer to do this in the dark, so they peck most actively in the late evening and at night. Fishing is carried out mainly from a boat using bottom gear. It should be borne in mind that pike perch is an insidious predator. He does not like to actively pursue prey, but prefers to ambush. In addition, pike perch is not nearly as fast in hunting as pike. For this reason, the bait should be applied as slowly as possible - so that the fish have time to notice it and react.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUKHONA RIVER

Location

A hundred years ago Sukhona River together with the Dvina, it was the main road of the Russian North, its water “pillar” tract. The Sukhona is the largest river in the Vologda region, its length is 560 kilometers.

The Sukhona flows from Lake Kubenskoye, and just below the city of Veliky Ustyug it merges with the Yug River, resulting in a new river - the Malaya Northern Dvina. Eventually, the Sukhoi water reaches the White Sea, and, therefore, the Arctic Ocean.

Archaeologists have discovered several Mesolithic sites dating back to the 7th-5th millennium BC on the banks of the Sukhona and its tributaries. It is assumed that the settlements of the mentioned historical period belonged to the Indo-Europeans - the distant ancestors of many modern European and Asian peoples.

It is curious that on the map of Muscovy in 1546 by the Austrian ambassador Sigismund Herberstein and on the map of 1562 by the Englishman Anthony Jenkinson, the river is labeled SUHANA. The sound “o” instead of the original “a” most likely appeared under the influence of the surrounding Northern Great Russian dialect.

The Slavs began to develop the Sukhona region in the second half of the 1st millennium AD, from the west and north - from the Novgorod lands, as well as from the south - from the Russian principalities, as the territory of the Upper Volga region was called in those days.

From the source from Lake Kubenskoye and approximately to the mouth of the large river Dvinitsa Sukhona deserves the name Winding or Glinistaya - here the river bed twists and turns strongly, and the bottom and banks are composed mainly of clay.

Further, from Dvinitsa to the mouth of the Kamchuga River, the Sukhona can be called Ostrovistaya or Peschanaya, since it is on this section of the river that all the Sukhona islands and the best sandy beaches are located.

The remaining part of the Sukhona is distinguished by high coastal cliffs, in which hard rocks such as limestone, dolomites, and marls are exposed, so it should be called Precipitous or Limestone.

In the scribe books of the Totemsky district, which occupied most of the Sukhona basin in the 17th century, the left bank of the river, on which most of the villages and all three Sukhona cities (Sokol, Totma, Veliky Ustyug) stand, because it faces the south, the sun, the warmth, was called the WALKING SIDE, and the right one, which did not have such advantages, which is why people were reluctant to settle on it, was called the WILD or DEAF SIDE.

Left bank villages on Sukhona much more. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were about 240 villages, hamlets, hamlets and cordons on both banks of the Sukhona.

Subsequently, about two dozen logging villages were added to them, but almost half of the villages were deserted. It’s sad to look at the empty windows of village houses today... Let’s hope that Russians will again, as happened in the old days, find the strength to rise up and be reborn in their former greatness.

In addition to populous villages, the Sukhona was once famous for its rifts and shoals - there were 130 of them on the river, mostly, however, in the lower reaches - several on every kilometer.

The Sukhona is the longest of all the rivers in the Vologda region, while being one of the most picturesque water streams in the entire north. The main feature of the Sukhona River is that, together with the Yug River, it gives rise to the Northern Dvina - the main artery of the Arkhangelsk region. Tourists will certainly be interested in the “Father Frost's Estate” complex located on its bank in Stary Ustyug, as well as the Opoki tract located a little further upstream. In addition, residents of the region love winter fishing on the Sukhona, which always results in a wonderful catch and a great mood.

The name of the river comes from a distorted Slavic root “sukhodon” - a river with a dry bottom. Apparently, Sukhona used to dry out quite often, which is why it got its current name. It is also possible that this word comes from Sanskrit - in this language a similar word form is translated as “easily overcome.”

Peculiarities

The Sukhona River stretches along the entire Vologda region for almost 560 kilometers, thanks to which it collects water from 50.3 thousand square meters. km. Such important water streams as Vologda, Dvinitsa, Strelitsa, Uftyuga and others flow into it.

Thanks to the beauty of nature around the river on the banks of the Sukhona, there are countless camp sites and holiday homes, as well as several professional fisheries. In addition, organized rafting trips quite often take place in the upper reaches of the reservoir, the purpose of which is to overcome the local high shallows and sharp turns of the river bed.

Sukhona is also popular among fishermen of the Vologda region. Here you can catch bream, ruff, ide, bleak, perch, grayling, burbot and other types of fish. At the same time, ide and roach are easiest to find in thickets in shallow waters, and bleak prefers places in the channels between the numerous islands of the reservoir.

This river is considered especially interesting due to the fact that during observations of it, it changed the direction of its movement several times, in other words, “flowed backwards.” So, today it flows out of Lake Kubenskoye, but a century ago, on the contrary, it carried its waters into this huge reservoir. Scientists associate this phenomenon with the unusual pressure of water from other waterways on the Sukhona. Thus, several local rivers flow from the hills and, during floods, are quite capable of changing the course of even such a vast stream as the Sukhona.

How to get there

On the Sukhona River there are a huge number of settlements in the Vologda region, the largest of which are Sokol, Totma and Veliky Ustyug. From Vologda the easiest way to get to Sokol, which is only 35 kilometers away from the regional center. Very good places for rafting on the Sukhona are located not far from Ustya-Vologda, 60 km away from Vologda. Be sure to visit Veliky Ustyug - on the Sukhona embankment in this city there is the residence of Father Frost, which will delight you and your children with its friendly atmosphere.

Coordinates:

Source Kubenskoye Lake, 59°30′40″ N. w. 39°46′52″ E. d.

Mouth of Veliky Ustyug, 60°43′58″ N. w. 46°19′41″ E d.

Object data:

Length 558 km