Map of Switzerland in Russian.
Man made
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The most reliable banks in the world, the most accurate watches and the most delicious cheese - this list incredibly accurately conveys the idea of Switzerland for the majority of the population of our planet. This small country has become a tourist mecca for lovers of varied recreation, elegant cities, high-class ski resorts, majestic mountains and lakes with crystal-clear water.
Location, composition and cities
The Swiss Confederation, which is the full name of the country, is located in the central part of Europe. It has no access to the seas and oceans.
Administratively, the country consists of 26 cantons and 6 half-cantons.
Largest cities: Zurich, Bern, Lausanne and Geneva.
The capital of Switzerland is the city of Bern.
Borders and area
Land borders with countries such as France, Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein and Italy.
Switzerland covers an area of 41,290 square kilometers, making it the 132nd largest country in the world.
Switzerland map
Timezone
Population
7,783,000 people. According to this indicator, Switzerland is located in 93rd place in the list by population.
Language
Official languages are German, French, Italian, Romansh.
Religion
48% of the population consider themselves Catholics, 46% - Protestants, the remaining 6% - representatives of other religious movements.
Finance
The official currency is the Swiss franc.
Medical care and insurance
The level of medical care is very high and no less expensive, so before visiting the country, be sure to purchase full international medical insurance.
Mains voltage
220 volt. Frequency – 50 Hz.
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Switzerland (full name - Swiss Confederation) is a state in the center of Western Europe. In the north the country borders with Germany, in the south with Italy, in the east with Austria and Liechtenstein, and in the west with France. The area is 41.3 thousand square meters. km, population - about 7640 thousand people. The capital is Bern (133.7 thousand people). The state consists of 26 cantons (regions).
Switzerland on the world map
The official languages of the state are French, German and Italian. Because of this, the names of many Swiss cities can be pronounced differently depending on the language. Switzerland is a federal republic. The head of state is the president, he is elected for one year from among the members of the Federal Council.
The climate is predominantly continental, with cold winters, especially in mountainous areas (below −10 °C). The average summer temperature reaches +18-20 °C in the lowlands, slightly lower in the mountains.
Switzerland does not have direct access to the sea, but it is rich in fresh water reserves (6% of the supply of all Europe). Large rivers - Rhine, Rhone, Are, Limmat. The largest lakes are Geneva, Firvaldstets and Neuchâtel. The territory of the country is divided into 3 natural parts: the north - the Jura Mountains, the central part - the Swiss Plateau, the south - the Alps, which occupy over 60% of the territory of Switzerland. About 25% of the territory is covered with forests, but there are practically no mineral resources.
Map of Switzerland in Russian
Switzerland is in the top ten countries in the world in terms of economic competitiveness. In this country, both industry and agriculture have achieved high development. The Swiss economy is quite closely connected with EU countries. Switzerland imports industrial and electronic equipment, petroleum products, iron and steel, and exports machinery, electrical equipment, textiles, watches, medicines and organic chemicals.
With its amazing nature, beautiful ancient cities and excellent service, Switzerland annually attracts many tourists. The most famous ski resorts are Davos, Leukerbad, St. Moritz, Interlaken.
City tours are widespread. Bern is famous for its “Rose Garden” with a magnificent panorama of the city. Einstein's house and the Child Eater fountain are also located here. Lucerne is a city of ancient bridges, medieval squares and mirror labyrinths. Many ancient castles and museums in different cities and villages, the longest Aletscher glacier in Europe with a stunning panorama of the Alps, a valley of 72 waterfalls - all this is Switzerland. Tourists most often take away cheese, chocolate, watches and pocket knives as souvenirs and gifts.
Where is Switzerland located on the world map. Detailed map of Switzerland in Russian online. Satellite map of Switzerland with cities and resorts. Switzerland on the world map is a small state located in the very center of Europe.
The capital is the city of Bern, which has only 170 inhabitants. But according to official data, the majority of the capital's population lives in its suburbs. There are 4 official languages in Switzerland: French, Italian, Romansh and German. Many also speak English.
Detailed map of Switzerland in Russian with cities:
Switzerland - Wikipedia
Population of Switzerland: 8,560,988 people (2017)
Largest cities in Switzerland: Geneva, Bern, Zurich, Basel, Lausanne
Switzerland telephone code: 41
Swiss national domain:.ch
Languages in Switzerland: Italian language, German language, Romansh language, French language.
Maps of cities in Switzerland.
Sights of Switzerland:
What to see in Switzerland: Mount Matterhorn, Grossmünster Cathedral, Lake Vierwaldstätt, St. Moritz, Rhine Falls, Lake Geneva, Zurich Old Town, Chillon Castle, Great Aletsch Glacier, Ballenberg Open Air Museum, Kapellbrücke, Gornergrat Railway, Pilatus, Zermatt, The Dying Lion in Lucerne, Old Town of Bern, Rhaetian Railway, Bellinzona Fortifications, Museum of Art and History in Geneva, Titlis, Lake Laga Maggiore, Lake Constance, Lake Geneva Fountain, Lake Lucerne, Lavaux Terraced Vineyards, Reformation Wall, Saint-Pierre Cathedral , Rock with a monument to Generalissimo A. Suvorov, Basel Zoo, Puppet Museum in Basel, Mount Rigi, Notre Dame Basilica, Moterhorn mountain peak, City of Lucerne.
Relief of Switzerland– this is how Switzerland differs from most countries. Almost the entire territory of the country is occupied Alps mountains, only in the north can you see flat landscapes. In addition to its mountainous terrain, Switzerland is also famous for its lakes. Originating from glaciers, they are unusually shaped and very deep. All this together makes Switzerland a country with the most beautiful and picturesque nature in all of Europe.
Climate of Switzerland- Switzerland is located in the temperate climate zone. Thanks to the Alps, which protect the country from cold cyclones, the climate here is very mild. The average temperature in winter in the central regions is -1...-4 C, in summer - +22...+25 C.
Most of the attractions of Switzerland are natural attractions, such as: Lake Constance and Lake Geneva, the Rhinefall waterfall, the passes between Italy and the southern part of Switzerland. Among the cities of Switzerland, it is especially noteworthy Zurich. It has several museums with interesting exhibits, as well as St. Peter's Church, Flaumünstkirche and other unique buildings. One of the oldest buildings in Switzerland is Chillon Castle, built in the 13th century and located on the shores of Lake Geneva.
Thanks to the Alpine mountains, which cover almost the entire territory of this mountainous country, Switzerland has long become a mecca for skiing, where people come to ski from all over Europe. Resorts in Switzerland They are distinguished by excellent high-class service, good tracks and the highest quality equipment in all of Europe.
SWITZERLAND
(Swiss Confederation)
General information
Geographical position. Switzerland is a mountainous country located in southern Central Europe, in the heart of the Alps. Switzerland borders on Germany, France, Italy, Austria, and Liechtenstein. The total length of the borders is 1882 km.
Square. The territory of Switzerland occupies 41,284 square meters. km.
Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Switzerland is Bern. Largest cities: Bern (600 thousand people), Zurich (830 thousand people), Geneva (650 thousand people), Basel (500 thousand people), Lausanne (450 thousand people), Lucerne ( 200 thousand people). Switzerland is a federation of 23 cantons (3 of them are divided into half-cantons).
Political system
Switzerland is a federal republic. The President, the head of state, also heads the government (Federal Council). The legislative body is the Federal Assembly, consisting of the Council of Cantons and the National Council.
Relief. The highest of the mountain peaks in Switzerland is Mount Dufour - 4634 m. There are several more four-thousand-meter mountains. The Swiss Alps occupy about 60% of the country's territory. The Alps (average 1700 m above sea level) represent a variety of landscape zones arranged in steps: valleys, terraces, cliffs, passes, mountain ranges and corridors.
The Alps are home to Europe's largest glacier, the Aletsch glacier. Mittelland - a highland (on average 580 m above sea level) - forms a belt between the Alps and the Jura Mountains, stretching from Lake Geneva to Lake Constance. The Jura is a massif (average 750 m above sea level) formed by mountain ranges with hills and valleys stretching from Lake Geneva to Schaffhausen am Rhein.
Geological structure and minerals.
The mountainous territory provides Switzerland with great hydroelectric potential.
Climate. Due to its geographical location, Switzerland is influenced by four climatic zones: mid- and North-Atlantic, Mediterranean and continental. The Alps are a barrier to cyclones carrying moisture, so the level of precipitation in the intra-alpine regions (53-59 cm) is significantly lower than in the outer regions (more than 200 cm). Average annual temperatures vary for different regions of Switzerland. For Zurich, the largest city, these figures look like this: January - from -4°С to +2°С, July - from +12°С to +23°С.
Inland waters. Major European rivers such as the Rhine, Danube, Po, Adige and Rhone originate from the glaciers of the Swiss mountains. They flow in opposite directions - to the North and Mediterranean Seas.
There are 1,484 lakes in Switzerland. The surface of one of them - Lake Lago Maggiore - is the lowest point on the geographical map of the country (193m above sea level).
Soils and vegetation. Switzerland is one of the richest countries in Europe in terms of diversity of flora and fauna. Here you can find species that grow and live both in cool Arctic Scandinavia (mosses and lichens) and in hot subtropical Spain (palm trees and mimosas). The alpine slopes are most characterized by wide belts of fir, spruce, and beech forests. At lower levels, deciduous trees predominate. Depending on the region, the upper limit of the forest varies between 1,800 m and 2,300 m.
Animal world. For birds, the Alpine climate provides a unique opportunity for rapid seasonal migrations, so there are a lot of them here. There are many swans and ducks on the lakes and in the floodplains, for example, on Lake Bien (Bilskoe). To preserve rare species of fauna from destruction, back in 1909, a Swiss national park was created in the canton of Graubünden along the border with Italy.
Population and language
The average population density of Switzerland is 154 inhabitants per 1 sq. km. The population is distributed very unevenly across regions.
Switzerland is the only country in Europe where 4 national languages have official state status: German, French, Italian and Romansh. For the German-speaking population, the cultural centers are the cities of Basel, Zurich and Bern, for the French-speaking population - Geneva and Lausanne, and for the Italian-speaking population - Lugano.
According to recent estimates, 74% of Swiss citizens consider German as their native language, 20% French, 4.5% Italian, and about 1% Romansh.
Religion
Catholicism - 50%, Protestants - 48%.
Brief historical sketch
Archaeological finds suggest that the first human settlements in the Saleva caves arose about 10 thousand years ago. Images of humans and animals on the rocks, stone religious buildings, and burials in crevices have been preserved. Over time, people began to settle on the shores of lakes.
In 58 BC. e. Not far from Genava (Geneva), a battle took place between Caesar's legions and the army of the Helvetii, a tribe of Celtic origin who came to the Alps from the middle Rhine. The Romans gained the upper hand and soon after that they subjugated all the Helvetian lands - areas roughly coinciding with the borders of the western part of what is now Switzerland (hence another name for Switzerland - Helvetia). Caesar founded Roman colonies - the colony of Julia Equestris with the main city of Noviodunum (modern Nyon), Aventicum (between Lausanne and Bern, modern Avenches), the colony of Raurica (near modern Basel).
From the 4th century Christianity penetrates into the territory of modern Switzerland. From the middle of the 5th century. in the capital of the present canton of Grisons, the city of Chur, is the residence of the Bishop of Rome.
After Charlemagne's victory over the Lombards (774), Helvetia became part of the Frankish Empire. Since 843, these territories have been part of the East Frankish Empire, then they came under the rule of the King of Burgundy, and since 1032 they have been an integral part of the German Reich.
From the 13th century the Alpine lands fell into the sphere of interests of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty, and the war began. On August 1, 1291, the three “forest” cantons of Uri, Schwitz and Nidwalden, concluded the “Eternal Alliance”, the meaning of which was reduced to mutual support in the fight against external enemies and primarily with the Habsburgs. This is how the Swiss Confederation was founded.
November 15, 1315 A significant battle between the Swiss and the troops of Leopold of Habsburg took place. The Austrians were completely defeated and forced to recognize the independence of the Alpine communities.
Twice - in 1386 and 1388. - The Habsburgs were forced to confirm the independence of these lands, however, with the proviso that they abandoned them in favor of Burgundy.
8 km from Aventikum is the town of Murten, under whose walls the Swiss in 1476 defeated the army of the Burgundian Duke Charles the Bold, who was trying to subjugate the Confederation. On January 5, 1477, in the battle of Nancy, Charles the Bold was killed.
In 1487 the canton of Solothurn joined the Confederation, in 1501 Basel and Schaffhausen, in 1513 Appenzell. During the Swabian War (1499), three lands of Grisons, separated from the Holy Roman Empire, entered into an alliance with the Confederation.
During the war between the Dukes of Milan and the French kings (1500-1516), the Swiss, allies of the Dukes, suffered a major defeat. France
then forced the Swiss Confederation to sign an agreement under which the Swiss cantons pledged, in particular, to allocate 6 thousand soldiers for the French army in peacetime and 16 thousand in wartime. The Swiss began to offer themselves as mercenaries to the rulers of other countries, especially France and Italy, outside the framework of treaties.
The era of the Reformation left a noticeable mark on the life of the Swiss Confederation. Two of its most famous leaders lived here: X. Zwingli (1484-1531) and J. Calvin (1509-1564).
Heldrig Zwingli, educated in Vienna and Basel, a friend of the famous philosopher Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a canon in Zurich. He opposed the dogmas of the Catholic Church, developing a system of religious reform, and at the same time reform of the political system. He rejected the entire church hierarchy, indulgences, worship of sacred images and relics of saints, fasting, monasticism, and celibacy of the clergy. Zwingli condemned the widespread mercenarism in Switzerland at that time and was a staunch republican. Such views could not but arouse the wrath of the Vatican. Zwingli and his supporters had to fight with the cantons that remained Catholic (Lucerne, Friborg, Wallis, Zug, Schwyz, Uri, Tessin, etc.). During the war, Zwingli himself was killed, but his followers managed to achieve certain freedoms for themselves. After Zurich, Zwinglianism triumphed in Bern, Basel, Schaffhausen, Glarus and St. Gallen. These cantons united into a religious-political union.
John Calvin lived in Geneva. His teaching (Calvinism) found supporters far beyond Switzerland - in France, Scotland, and Holland. Calvin became one of the first translators of the Bible into modern French.
In the spring of 1798, Napoleon's troops were introduced into the territory of the Swiss cantons. Switzerland became the Helvetian Republic, with Geneva, Jura and Mühlhausen ceded to France. In May 1800, Napoleon with 40 thousand soldiers passed through the Great St. Bernard Pass into Italy. Napoleon himself almost died on the climb to the pass.
Napoleon's failures led to the fact that since 1815 Switzerland already consisted of 22 cantons - the new cantons of Geneva, Wallis and Neuenburg joined the Confederation. The Congress of Vienna proclaimed the "eternal neutrality" of Switzerland.
In 1848, Switzerland adopted a new constitution. At the same time, the national flag of Switzerland was approved. In 1874, the Federal Constitution was updated. According to its provisions, each of the 26 cantons retains its own flag and coat of arms.
For 170 years, Switzerland has remained outside of European and world military conflicts. Switzerland is known as a center of diplomatic activity. Geneva is home to the European Office of the UN, the headquarters of many international specialized organizations: the International Telecommunication Union, the World Meteorological Organization and several others. Bern, the capital of the country, is home to the Universal Postal Union, and Lausanne is home to the International Olympic Committee.
Brief Economic Sketch
Switzerland is a highly developed industrial country with intensive agriculture, one of the largest exporters of capital and financial centers in the world. The industry is characterized by non-mass production of high-quality products for export. Mechanical engineering and metalworking (press-forging equipment, high-precision metalworking machines, electrical products), large-scale watch production, chemical and pharmacological, textile (fine cotton and silk fabrics, ribbons, embroidery), sewing, knitting, footwear, paper, printing, food ( cheeses, chocolate, concentrates) industry. More than three-quarters of agricultural production comes from livestock (mainly dairy). Main crops: wheat, barley, sugar beets, potatoes, forage grasses. Mountain logging. Export: mechanical engineering and metalworking products, including watches, chemicals, textiles, clothing, food. Foreign tourism. The monetary unit is the Swiss franc.
Brief sketch of culture
Art and architecture. There are over 600 museums registered in Switzerland. At the foot of the Monte Bre mountain on the shore of Lake Lugansk there is a unique Museum of Swiss Customs Officers.
Switzerland has preserved many monuments from the era of the Roman conquests. These are ancient settlements (in Avenches, Geneva, Lausanne, Saint-Maurice, Martigny, Sion, Brig, etc.), fortified passes such as Great Saint-Bernard, Simplon. The most famous archaeological sites are the one founded in 44 BC. e. the city of Augusta-Raurika near Basel, a legionnaire camp near Brugg. The oldest Basilica of Saint Maurice dates back to 515.
The Carolingian era is represented by rich frescoes of the chapel of St. John in Münster Cathedral. Among the monuments of Romanesque architecture, the Zurich Grossmunster (the largest religious building of the Romanesque style in Switzerland) has reached us. Other Romanesque monuments: the Dome Cathedral in Cure, the Church of St. Biaggio in Bellinzona, Church of Saints Peter and Paul in Biasca.
Switzerland is richest in architectural monuments of the Gothic style. Notre Dame Cathedral has been preserved in Lausanne. Switzerland has many Gothic fortresses and castles (especially in the western cantons).
The Renaissance in the architecture of Switzerland is primarily the town halls of Sion, Yverdonnay, Zurich, the city walls and gates of Bern, Friborg, Biel, etc.
In the outskirts of Bern, Basel, on the slopes of the mountains near Lakes Geneva, Biel and Neuchatel, country villas made in the Baroque style were built and preserved.
Rococo architecture is quite widely represented in Switzerland. These are the houses of the patricians.
Architects of the early 20th century. paid great attention to residential buildings. The Swiss developed the projects<щомов-раковин», хорошо изолирующих их жителей от городского шума, «домов-лестниц», оригинально использующих возможности склона горы или холма. Швейцария подарила миру гения архитектуры, Шарля-Эдуарда Жаннере, известного под именем Ле Корбюзье (1887-1965).
The science. O. Saussure (1740-1799) - one of the founders of descriptive geology; K. Jung (1875-1961) - psychologist and philosopher, founder of “analytical psychology”; W. Pauli (1900-1958) - theoretical physicist, one of the creators of quantum mechanics and relativistic quantum field theory.
Literature. M. Frisch (1911-1991) - a writer whose work is marked by vivid experimentation (plays “Biederman and the Arsonists”, “Andorra”, novels “Homo Raber”, “Stiller”); F. Dürrenmatt (1921-1990) is a writer who grotesquely and satirically depicted modern morality (the tragicomedy “A Visit from the Old Lady”, detective novels “The Judge and His Executioner”, “The Promise”, “Justice”).
Watches, cheese, chocolate... Everyone, hearing these words, remembers Switzerland. This is a country where you can enjoy the incredible luxury of hotels, restaurants, and banks. And literally in a couple of hours you will find yourself alone with nature, admiring the enchanting beauty of the panoramas.
Year after year, Switzerland attracts millions of tourists to its expanses, since each city in this extraordinary country has its own history, which will not leave even the most avid travelers indifferent. This is Zurich, where life pulsates with extraordinary force, and Bern - medieval romance, where you can feel like a brave knight, and Lucerne - a fabulous city, the unrecognized capital of Switzerland.
If you are tired of boring, monotonous everyday life, then Switzerland will be happy to welcome you!
Switzerland on the world map and on the map of Europe
Below is an interactive map of Switzerland in Russian from Google. You can move the map left and right, up and down with the mouse, and also change the scale of the map using the “+” and “-” icons, which are located at the bottom on the right side of the map, or using the mouse wheel. In order to find out where Switzerland is located on a world map or on a map of Europe, use the same method to reduce the scale of the map even further.
In addition to the map with the names of objects, you can look at Switzerland from a satellite if you click on the “Show satellite map” switch in the lower left corner of the map.
Below is another map of Switzerland. To see the map in full size, click on it and it will open in a new window. You can also print out the map and take it with you on the road.
You have been presented with the most basic and detailed maps of Switzerland, which you can always use to find an object of interest to you or for any other purposes. Have a nice trip!