What is the name of the deepest place in the world? Depth of the Mariana Trench. Inhabitants of the Mariana Trench. Mariana Trench Research
From the dark depths of the ocean to some of the highest peaks on Earth, below are twenty-five of the world's vastest, tallest, deepest and tiniest places!
25. The deepest lake is Lake Baikal
This Siberian rift lake is not only the deepest lake on Earth, but it also has the largest volume and contains approximately 20 percent of the fresh water of the entire Earth's surface.
24. The highest mountain is Everest
As you may have suspected, Everest is officially the tallest mountain in the world. But this is only if we start our measurement at sea level...
23. The highest mountain from base to summit is Mauna Kea
Mauna Kea, a volcano on the big island of Hawaii, is more than twice as tall as Everest, measured from the mountain's seabed base to its peak.
22. The point furthest from the center of the Earth is Mount Chimborazo
Due to the Earth's bulge at the equator, the peak of Mount Everest is also not the farthest point from the center of the Earth. That honor belongs to the summit of Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.
21. The lowest point on Earth - Challenger Deep
This depression, located nearly 11 kilometers below the ocean's surface, is the deepest point of the already deep Mariana Trench. In fact, Everest would sit comfortably here below the surface.
20. The highest waterfall - Angel Falls
This waterfall in Venezuela is so high that the water sometimes evaporates before reaching the ground.
19. The driest place is the Atacama Desert
In the middle of the Chilean Atacama Desert there is a point where rain has never fallen. Scientists call this region an “absolute desert.”
18. The highest human settlement is La Rinconada
This mining town, located in Peru, is in the highest inhabited region of the globe. At an altitude higher than the location of La Rinconada, a person simply will not be able to adapt.
17. Highest temperature - Death Valley
With a recorded temperature of nearly 57 degrees Celsius, Death Valley in California has once again become the hottest place on Earth in recent memory.
16. The most remote inhabited place on Earth - Tristan da Cunha
This small archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, located thousands of kilometers from both South Africa and South America, has a population of 271 people. Mail arrives here only a few times a year.
15. The deepest cave - Krubera-Voronya Cave
This cave, located in Abkhazia, is the only known cave in the world whose depth exceeds 2,000 meters.
14. The biggest difference in height is Mount Thor
Mount Thor, located in Canada, has an altitude of 1250 meters and despite its very remote location in the frozen tundra of the northern provinces of Canada, it is a popular climbing destination.
13. Hottest inhabited place - Dallol, Ethiopia
The hottest permanently inhabited region in the world is in Ethiopia. Although these days Dallol has become even less populated and some even say that it has become a ghost town. However, it is also worth noting that there has not been an official census in this region for a long time, so the research is based on previously obtained data.
12. The northernmost point of land on Earth - Kaffeklubben Island
This island, belonging to Greenland, is officially considered the northernmost point of land on Earth. However, there are several slow-moving gravel bars that lie further north.
11. Lowest temperature - Vostok Station, Antarctica 
-89.2°C - This temperature was recorded in East Antarctica and, apart from some new satellite measurements, is still considered the coldest land temperature in history.
10. The deepest ice - Bentley Subglacial Trench
This place is also located in Antarctica, and the depth of the local ice exceeds 2.5 kilometers. In fact, the land on which it rests is well below sea level and is the lowest point on Earth not covered by an ocean.
9. The deepest point measured from ground level - Kola superdeep well
Although it was artificially created, this Russian scientific project tried to get as deep into the earth's crust as possible. The drill reached a depth of more than 12 kilometers.
8. The deepest point made by man - TauTona Mine
This South African mine is the deepest point under the surface of the Earth that a person could fit into. Its depth is almost 4 kilometers.
7. The coldest settlement is Oymyakon, Russia
Temperatures sometimes drop below zero in mid-September and remain there until May. The average temperature in January is -46 °C. The population of the village is less than 500 people.
6. The highest road is the Aucanquilcha mining road.
This mining road was once used by trucks to climb this Chilean volcano to an altitude of over 6,000 meters.
5. Highest mountain pass - Marsimik La, India 
Although the volcanic mountain road we saw in the previous point is technically the highest road in the world, it is a dead end and is no longer in use. In contrast, the Marsimik La Pass, located at 5,582 meters in northern India, is often considered the highest functional road in the world.
4. The highest lake is Lake Titicaca
This lake is located on the border of Peru and Bolivia in the Andes at an altitude of 3,812 meters. There are several unnamed crater lakes around the world that may be located slightly higher.
3. The most remote island - Bouvet Island
This small uninhabited Norwegian island in the South Atlantic Ocean lies between Antarctica and Tristan da Cunha (which, as you may recall, is itself quite remote).
2. The longest river is the Nile
Despite the difficulties in accurately calculating the sources and directions of various rivers, the Nile is generally considered the longest river in the world. Its length is 6,650 kilometers. In ancient times, when water still flowed from Lake Tanganyika, the Nile was 1,500 kilometers longer.
1. The farthest point from the ocean is Xinjiang, China
This region in China is Asia's pole of inaccessibility. This basically means that it is the farthest point on the continent from any ocean.
The most mysterious and inaccessible point on our planet, the Mariana Trench, is called the “fourth pole of the Earth.” It is located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean and extends 2926 km in length and 80 km in width. At a distance of 320 km south of the island of Guam there is the deepest point of the Mariana Trench and the entire planet - 11022 meters. In these little-explored depths hide living creatures whose appearance is as monstrous as their living conditions.
The Mariana Trench is called the "fourth pole of the Earth"
The Mariana Trench, or Mariana Trench, is an oceanic trench in the western Pacific Ocean, which is the deepest geographical feature known on Earth. Research of the Mariana Trench was initiated by the expedition ( December 1872 - May 1876) English ship "Challenger" ( HMS Challenger), which carried out the first systematic measurements of the depths of the Pacific Ocean. This military three-masted corvette with sail rigging was rebuilt as an oceanographic vessel for hydrological, geological, chemical, biological and meteorological work in 1872.
In 1960, a great event took place in the history of the conquest of the world's oceans
The bathyscaphe Trieste, piloted by French explorer Jacques Piccard and US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh, reached the deepest point of the ocean floor - the Challenger Deep, located in the Mariana Trench and named after the English ship Challenger, from which the first data were obtained in 1951 about her.
Bathyscaphe "Trieste" before diving, January 23, 1960
The dive lasted 4 hours 48 minutes and ended at 10911 m relative to sea level. At this terrible depth, where there is a monstrous pressure of 108.6 MPa ( which is more than 1100 times more than normal atmospheric) flattens all living things, the researchers made a major oceanological discovery: they saw two 30-centimeter flounder-like fish swimming past the porthole. Before this, it was believed that no life existed at depths exceeding 6000 m.
Thus, an absolute record for diving depth was set, which cannot be surpassed even theoretically. Picard and Walsh were the only people to reach the bottom of the Challenger Deep. All subsequent dives to the deepest point of the world's oceans, for research purposes, were made by unmanned robotic bathyscaphes. But there were not so many of them, since “visiting” the Challenger Abyss is both labor-intensive and expensive.
One of the achievements of this dive, which had a beneficial effect on the environmental future of the planet, was the refusal of nuclear powers to bury radioactive waste at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. The fact is that Jacques Picard experimentally refuted the prevailing opinion at that time that at depths above 6000 m there is no upward movement of water masses.
In the 90s, three dives were made by the Japanese Kaiko device, controlled remotely from the “mother” ship via a fiber-optic cable. However, in 2003, while exploring another part of the ocean, the towing steel cable broke during a storm and the robot was lost. The underwater catamaran Nereus became the third deep-sea vehicle to reach the bottom of the Mariana Trench.
In 2009, humanity again reached the deepest point of the world's oceans.
On May 31, 2009, humanity again reached the deepest point of the Pacific, and indeed the entire world ocean - the American deep-sea vehicle Nereus sank into the Challenger failure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. The device took soil samples and took underwater photos and videos at maximum depth, illuminated only by its LED spotlight. During the current dive, Nereus' instruments recorded a depth of 10,902 meters. The indicator was 10,911 meters, and Picard and Walsh measured a value of 10,912 meters. Many Russian maps still show the value of 11,022 meters obtained by the Soviet oceanographic vessel Vityaz during the 1957 expedition. All this indicates the inaccuracy of the measurements, and not a real change in depth: no one carried out cross-calibration of the measuring equipment that gave the given values.
The Mariana Trench is formed by the boundaries of two tectonic plates: the colossal Pacific plate goes under the not so large Philippine plate. This is a zone of extremely high seismic activity, part of the so-called Pacific volcanic ring of fire, stretching for 40 thousand km, an area with the most frequent eruptions and earthquakes in the world. The deepest point of the trench is the Challenger Deep, named after the English ship.
The inexplicable and incomprehensible have always attracted people, which is why scientists around the world want to answer the question: “ What does the Mariana Trench hide in its depths??»
The inexplicable and incomprehensible have always attracted people
For a long time, oceanographers considered the hypothesis that life could exist at depths of more than 6,000 m in impenetrable darkness, under enormous pressure and at temperatures close to zero, to be crazy. However, the results of research by scientists in the Pacific Ocean have shown that even in these depths, much below the 6000-meter mark, there are huge colonies of living organisms, pogonophora, a type of marine invertebrate animals that live in long chitinous tubes open at both ends.
Recently, the veil of secrecy has been lifted by manned and automatic underwater vehicles made of heavy-duty materials, equipped with video cameras. The result was the discovery of a rich animal community consisting of both familiar and less familiar marine groups.
Thus, at depths of 6000 - 11000 km, the following were discovered:
- barophilic bacteria (developing only at high pressure);
- from protozoa - foraminifera (an order of protozoa of the subclass of rhizomes with a cytoplasmic body covered with a shell) and xenophyophores (barophilic bacteria from protozoa);
- from multicellular organisms - polychaete worms, isopods, amphipods, sea cucumbers, bivalves and gastropods.
At the depths there is no sunlight, no algae, constant salinity, low temperatures, an abundance of carbon dioxide, enormous hydrostatic pressure (increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters). What do the inhabitants of the abyss eat?
Research has shown that there is life at depths of over 6,000 meters
The food sources of deep animals are bacteria, as well as the rain of “corpses” and organic detritus coming from above; deep animals are either blind, or with very developed eyes, often telescopic; many fish and cephalopods with photofluoride; in other forms the surface of the body or parts of it glow. Therefore, the appearance of these animals is as terrible and incredible as the conditions in which they live. Among them are frightening-looking worms 1.5 meters long, without a mouth or anus, mutant octopuses, unusual starfish and some soft-bodied creatures two meters long, which have not yet been identified at all.
Despite the fact that scientists have made a huge step in researching the Mariana Trench, the questions have not decreased, and new mysteries have appeared that have yet to be solved. And the ocean abyss knows how to keep its secrets. Will people be able to reveal them in the near future? We will follow the news.
On the Internet you can often come across the question: “What is the deepest place in the world?” Fans in general, and fans of fascinating facts in the “” style, will be interested in this post.
The deepest sea
It is reliably known that the deepest sea in the world is the Philippine Sea. Its depth reaches 10,994 ± 40 meters. The average depth is 4108 km.
Deepest lake
The deepest lake in the world is Pride. Its depth is 1642 meters. This site has a whole article dedicated to this unique body of water.
Be sure to find and read - you won’t regret it. Let’s just say briefly that Baikal is the largest natural reservoir of fresh water on Earth.
The deepest ocean
If we talk about the deepest ocean, then this is the Pacific Ocean. Its greatest depth is the same as in the Philippine Sea, that is, 10,994 m. The average depth is 3,984 m.
The uniqueness of the Pacific Ocean lies in the fact that it is the largest in area. It is 178,684 million square kilometers.
Deepest depression
But what is the deepest place in the world? We have already talked about this in detail and provided interesting photographs.
So, the deepest place in the world is this (or the Mariana Trench). Its depth is 10,994 m ± 40 m. And the deepest point of the Mariana Trench is the Challenger Deep. But for more details, see the article itself.
An attentive reader will probably have noticed that the Philippine Sea, the Pacific Ocean, and the Mariana Trench have the same maximum depth.
The fact is that all three of these objects converge at one point, which is the deepest in the world. See how it looks on the map.
Mariana Trench
Any high school student, when asked about the deepest place in the World Ocean, will answer without hesitation that the greatest depth is in the Mariana Trench or Mariana Trench and is 11,022 meters. Meanwhile, such a seemingly simple question has a completely unobvious answer. According to the latest data from scientists, firstly, the depth of the Mariana Trench is somewhat less, and secondly, the Mariana Trench is not the greatest depth of the ocean.
The Mariana Trench or Mariana Trench, the deepest oceanic trench in the western Pacific Ocean, was still considered the deepest geographical object known on Earth.
Mariana Trench depth data
Many Russian maps still show the value of 11,022 meters obtained by the Soviet oceanographic vessel Vityaz during the 1957 expedition.
Although, according to the latest data from 2009, when the American deep-sea vehicle Nereus sank to the bottom of the depression, instruments recorded a depth of 10,902 meters. To the surprise of scientists, in the abyss itself they discovered organisms living there - sea cucumbers, belonging to the class of invertebrate animals such as echinoderms.
The Cayman Trench turned out to be even deeper
The Mariana Trench, 10,902 meters deep, is not the deepest place in the world
And today, researchers were even more surprised when they not only discovered another deepest place on Earth, but also unprecedented animals living in it. British researchers, using a remotely controlled small submarine, discovered the deepest volcanic crater on our planet, reports Rosbalt. The top of the discovered crater is located five kilometers below the surface of the Caribbean Sea, in the Cayman Trench region. James Cameron's science-fiction thriller "The Abyss" was filmed there.
The Cayman Trench in the Caribbean is the deepest place in the world
For those who haven't seen this film, let's remember the plot. The US Navy nuclear submarine Montana with nuclear weapons on board crashes at great depths. The Ministry of the Navy is asking for help from specialists at an underwater research station operating near the site of the submarine accident. With the support of military intelligence, researchers must find out the possible cause of the tragedy and neutralize the nuclear warheads. But underwater they discover strange creatures of extraterrestrial origin. And the director of the film, James Cameron, looked into the water. This abyss, indeed, turned out to be not lifeless.
According to an official report, the water temperature in this crater can reach 400 degrees Celsius, but the high pressure (500 times the planet's atmospheric pressure) prevents the water from boiling. Despite these indicators, many species of animals are found in the volcanic crater. Scientists do not rule out that the uncharted depths of boiling waters may hide animals that humans have never seen before.
The ocean is much closer to us than the planets of the solar system. However, only 5 percent of its bottom has been studied. How many more secrets do the waters of the world's oceans hold? This is the greatest mystery of our planet.
Maximum depth
The Mariana Trench, or otherwise the Mariana Trench, is the deepest place in the world's oceans. Amazing creatures live here and there is practically no light. However, this is the most famous place, which is still not fully explored and conceals many unsolved mysteries.
Diving into the Mariana Trench is truly suicide. After all, the water pressure here is thousands of times higher than the pressure at sea level. The maximum depth of the world's oceans is approximately 10,994 meters with an error of 40 meters. However, there are brave souls who descended to the very bottom, risking their own lives. Of course, this could not have happened without modern technologies.
Where is the deepest place in the world's oceans?
The Mariana Trench is located in the region, or more precisely, in its western part, closer to the east, near Guam, about 200 kilometers from the deepest place in the world's oceans, shaped like a crescent-shaped trench. The width of the depression is approximately 69 kilometers and the length is 2550 kilometers.
Coordinates of the Mariana Trench: eastern longitude - 142°35’, northern latitude - 11°22’.
Temperature at the bottom
Scientists have suggested that at maximum depth there should be a very low temperature. However, they were very surprised by the fact that at the bottom of the Mariana Trench this figure remains above zero and amounts to 1 - 4 ° C. Soon an explanation was found for this phenomenon.
Hydrothermal springs are located approximately at a depth of 1600 meters from the surface of the water. They are also called “white smokers.” Jets of very hot water come out of the springs. Its temperature is 450° Celsius.
It is worth noting that this water contains a huge amount of minerals. It is these chemical elements that support life at great depths. Despite such a high temperature, which is several times higher than the boiling point, the water does not boil here. And this is explained by fairly high pressure. At this depth, this figure is 155 times higher than that on the surface.
As you can see, the deepest places in the world's oceans are not so simple. There are still many secrets hidden in them that need to be unraveled.
Who lives at such depths?
Many people think that the deepest place in the world's oceans is an abyss where life cannot exist. However, this is not the case. At the very bottom of the Mariana Trench, scientists discovered very large amoebas, which are called xenophyophores. Their body length is 10 centimeters. These are very large single-celled organisms.
Scientists suggest that this type of amoeba acquired such a size due to the environment in which they have to exist. It is worth noting that these single-celled creatures were found at a depth of 10.6 kilometers. Their development was influenced by many factors. This includes the lack of sunlight, fairly high pressure, and, of course, cold water.
In addition, xenophyophores have simply unique abilities. Amoebas tolerate the effects of many chemicals and elements, including lead, mercury and uranium.
Shellfish
There is very high pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. In such conditions, even creatures with bones or shells have no chance of surviving. However, not so long ago, mollusks were found in the Mariana Trench. They live near hydrothermal springs, because serpentine contains methane and hydrogen. These substances allow a living organism to fully form.
It is still not known how mollusks manage to preserve their shells in such conditions. In addition, hydrothermal springs release another gas - hydrogen sulfide. And it is known to be fatal to any mollusks.
Liquid carbon dioxide in its pure form
The Mariana Trench is a deep place in the world's oceans, as well as an amazing world with many unexplained phenomena. There are hydrothermal vents located near Taiwan, outside the Okinawa Trench. This is the only underwater area currently known to contain liquid carbon dioxide. This place was discovered back in 2005.
Many scientists believe that it was these sources that allowed life to arise in the Mariana Trench. After all, there is not only the optimal temperature, but also chemicals present.
Finally
The deepest places of the world's oceans simply amaze with the extraordinary nature of their world. Here you can find living organisms that thrive in complete darkness and at high pressure and cannot exist in any other environment.
It is worth noting that the Mariana Trench has the status of a US national monument. This marine reserve is the largest in the world. Of course, for those who want to visit here, there is a certain list of rules. Mining and fishing is strictly prohibited in this place.