The only body of water in the world that does not flow into. Rivers - Unique and unusual rivers of the world and rivers of Russia. Great Slave Lake

Many people are interested in the question - which lake is the deepest in the world? Baikal- the deepest lake in the world. It is located in the southeastern part of Russia and occupies a vast territory of the central part of the Asian continent. Due to its greatness, the deepest lake in the world, Baikal, has several more beautiful names. The body of water is called a deep or clear eye, a sacred lake, a mighty sea. Locals usually call it the Baikal Sea.
This lake stores the largest reserves of fresh water on the planet, which have a unique composition. The water is not only clean and transparent, but in terms of the content of mineral salts it can be compared to distilled water.
In area, the deepest lake in the world, Baikal, is almost equal to Holland. There are several dozen islands on it. Its length is 635 km, the largest width in the center is 80 km, and the narrowest part is located in the Selenga region and is 27 km. The lake is located at an altitude of more than 450 km relative to sea level, and the length of its coast is approximately 2000 km. More than half of this coastal area is protected by the state.
More than 300 rivers fill the deepest lake in the world, Baikal, with their waters; at least half of this volume falls on the Selenga River, and only the Angara flows out of it. Baikal is surrounded by mountain ranges and numerous hills. On the West Coast the terrain is more rocky and steep than on the East.

Some tourists are actively interested in where the deepest lake in the world is located? These places are famous for their picturesque landscapes and unique diversity of wildlife, which makes them interesting for tourists. The region has the status of a protected area of ​​global importance. In terms of the number of rare plants growing only in these parts, it surpasses even the flora of Madagascar and the Galapagos Islands. Numerous resorts are located here. The best time to visit the deepest lake in the world, Lake Baikal, is considered to be from the end of April to the end of October. In the summer months, tourists can go on various excursions and hikes, fish, dive, hunt, relax on the beach, and in winter, skiing, ice fishing and ice rafting are popular.
You can get to these places by plane or train. There are direct flights to Ulan-Ude and Irkutsk. The journey there from Moscow by plane will take 6 hours, and by train you will have to travel about 4 days. Now you know where the deepest lake in the world is.

The question of the origin of Lake Baikal has long been a source of heated debate in the scientific world and creates the ground for a variety of, sometimes fantastic, guesses and hypotheses. How was this lake formed with crystal clear water, surrounded by picturesque mountains and unique nature?
The Buryat legend tells of the Great Fire, which consumed the earth and contributed to the origin of Lake Baikal. The sea emerged from the resulting void. The legend has not been scientifically confirmed, and scientists have been studying this problem for a long time.
Back in the eighteenth century, the Germans Palass and Georgi formulated a scientifically based assumption on this topic. They took part in the Siberian expedition, which was organized by the St. Petersburg Academy around 1970. Scientists argued that the cause of the emergence of Baikal was the failure of the land caused by a natural disaster. Most likely it was an earthquake. They believed that before the events described, a large river flowed there, flowing into the Yenisei. It took into its channel all the waters that today flow into Lake Baikal. A century later, the Pole Yanchevsky proposed his hypothesis, basing it on data obtained during a trip to the Baikal region. He believed that this reservoir was formed due to a natural disaster, after which the earth's crust began to slowly shrink.
There were many scientists who proposed their theories, but they often echoed each other and their guesses about the origin of Lake Baikal differed only in details. Vladimir Obruchev came closest to the modern understanding of the process as a result of which the Baikal Basin was formed. He suggested that it all began after the Siberian mountain system was formed. The depression was formed after the subsidence of a large area of ​​land on both sides of the gap.
In the second half of the 20th century, thanks to scientific advances, scientists made significant progress in the study of this problem. The global fault system or world rift theory, discovered at that time, brought some clarity. According to this discovery, Baikal arose as a result of processes on a planetary scale and that there are several similar formations on the surface of the earth. Tanganyika and the Red Sea are some of them.
At the end of the 20th century, scientists from many countries dealt with this problem. The Lake Baikal basin is considered one of the central links of the Baikal rift. It stretches for more than 2.5 thousand km and is located on the very border of the Eurasian and Indonesian-Australian lithospheric plates. At first it was believed that the rift appeared due to the collision of plates, but after a detailed study of new data, they found out that the reason for everything was the anomalous heating of the mantle.
The lava that floated up and spread in different directions formed massifs of mountain ranges that surround the lake. This spreading over a plane heated to very high magma temperatures caused the appearance of large faults. As a result, this caused the formation of a depression, which later became Lake Baikal.
As new knowledge emerged and geophysical techniques developed, interesting details and a scientifically verified chronological sequence of the formation of this unique lake emerged.

In addition to numerous large and small streams, almost 300 rivers and streams flow into it. In addition to three navigable rivers, the Upper Angara, Barguzin and Selenga, several more can be named, especially notable for their size: Turka, Snezhnaya, Barguzin, Buguldeika. And only the only Angara carries its waters to the northwest, flowing out of the mighty lake.

Only it receives the full force of its waters from Lake Baikal and carries them through the center of Russia for hundreds of kilometers. Its width at the source is about 2 km. In this place there is a giant rock, called the Shaman Stone by the locals. As the legend says, father Baikal threw this block at his daughter running away from him. She decided to rush off to the handsome Yenisei, although her father wanted to marry her to a hero named Irkut.
The Angara, like other rivers of Lake Baikal, is a beautiful and clean river. Its length is about 1800 kilometers.

The Selenga, as a river of Lake Baikal, is the largest of all the rivers that flow into the lake. The source of the river is in Mongolia, then it flows through Russian soil, completing its path by dividing in the delta of the lake itself. It carries almost half of all the water entering Baikal.

The Upper Angara is a fast mountain river with a large number of rapids. Even when it finds itself on the plain, it continues to meander and divide, in order to later unite in a single channel. Near Baikal itself, like other rivers of Lake Baikal, it pacifies its waters and becomes calmer.

Another river of Lake Baikal flows in Buryatia, descending along a mountain range, after which it carries its restless waters along rocky rapids. In the upper reaches there is a large nature reserve. It passes through taiga valleys, a gorge and a mountain range.
This place is very attractive to fans of rafting along mountain rapids. The sections intended for this purpose do not even have a minimum category of difficulty, which means they can be passed without much risk to life. Although the river also has areas with a dangerous bottom, sharp rocks and waterfalls.
The deepest lake is an amazing, mysterious and not fully explored miracle of nature. It is fed by the same unique rivers, which carry their waters through the most beautiful regions and protected areas, preserving their pristine nature. Every effort must be made to preserve this rich supply of crystal clear water and its rare ecosystem.

There are many unusual territories on earth that combine several features that distinguish them from other places. Baikal is one of these regions. This is the cleanest lake in Russia, with perfectly clear water, which contains practically no mineral impurities. And it also has enormous depth - the greatest among all the lakes in the world.
Thanks to its special geographical characteristics, this corner of nature attracts the attention of people from different parts of the world. The maximum recorded depth of the lake is 1640 meters. With this indicator, Baikal is ahead of all lakes on the globe. Next after the Russian leader, Tanganyika is very much inferior to him. Its greatest depth does not exceed 160 meters. In combination with the huge area of ​​Baikal, which is equal to Holland, these gigantic scales are simply impossible to imagine.
One of the reasons for such a great depth of Lake Baikal and its area is the presence of many rivers that flow into it. The approximate number of tributaries is approximately 300. With such a significant replenishment, Baikal continues in only one river - the Angara. It should be noted that the reservoir is considered the largest natural reservoir on the planet, with perfectly clean fresh water. In terms of these parameters, even the Great Lakes in North America taken together cannot compare with it. Its waters reach a volume of 23,600 m3.
The very great depth of Lake Baikal, combined with the impressive area of ​​this lake, explains the fact that locals call it the sea. This ancient body of water on the surface of the Earth appeared as a result of complex processes occurring in the earth's crust. Approximately 25 million years have passed since its formation began. It continues now. Scientists believe that Baikal could be the beginning of the emergence of a new ocean, which should not appear tomorrow, of course, but its emergence in the future is recognized by the scientific world as a proven fact.
Due to the maximum depth of Lake Baikal and the high level of the shoreline, which is 455 meters greater than the surface of the ocean, the basin of the reservoir is deservedly defined as the deepest depression on Earth.

The water of Lake Baikal is unusually clean and transparent. Using a Secchi disk, a test was carried out, according to which the transparency of the lake was 40 meters, but, for example, in the Caspian Sea, it is not even 25 meters. Alpine reservoirs, known for their purity, are inferior to Baikal in these parameters. The transparency of a reservoir may vary depending on several factors. The river mouth and shallow waters give way to areas of great depth. Seasonal changes in the life activity of microflora also have an effect.
The water of Lake Baikal meets all the criteria for high-quality drinking water. Its purity and unique properties are explained by the influence of microorganisms and vegetation. Small epishura crustaceans, which live in huge numbers in the lake, act as a biofilter. An armada of such crustaceans is capable of cleaning the upper layers 3-4 times a year. There are almost no organic impurities and dissolved substances in the reservoir.
The mineral composition of the water is very poor, not even 100 mg/liter, and includes silicon, calcium and magnesium. Other bodies of water have concentrations of similar substances ranging from 400 mg/liter. There is no hydrogen sulfide in Baikal, but oxygen is present in large quantities both in the upper layers and at the very depths. Its water has excellent qualities. Its purity can only be surpassed by water from Crater Lake in the United States, which is considered a natural analogue of the distillate.
Nowadays, only Baikal in the world is an open reservoir with water suitable for consumption, which does not require additional treatment. The ideal water of Lake Baikal is now bottled on an industrial scale. It is taken at a depth of about 410 meters. The top layers protect it from any surface contamination.
The temperature in the lake is unique. It is influenced not only by climatic conditions, but also by the abnormal depth of the lake. The highest water temperature is 15 degrees. As depth increases, temperature decreases. At around 25 meters it is only 10 degrees, and at a depth of 250 meters and below, the temperature is 3 - 5 degrees. Shallow water sometimes manages to warm up to 24 degrees.

Lake Baikal and its surrounding areas are one of the most unique and richest regions in terms of natural treasures. There are nature reserves, nature reserves, national parks and protected natural monuments here. Together there are about two hundred such territories. Almost the entire Baikal region is under state protection. Only in a few industrially developed areas: Baikalsk, Slyudyanka, Severobaikalsk, Kultuk and Babushkin, due to the developed industrial complex, there are no serious restrictions on the operation of local enterprises.
The protection of Lake Baikal is carried out not only in the Russian Federation, since these territories are considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In Russia there is Federal Law No. 94 FZ, “On the protection of Lake Baikal”. He determined the status of protected areas, the protection regime, and the possibilities of using the natural resources of the region. Since part of the unique territory around Lake Baikal is part of China and Mongolia, there is a problem with organizing the protection of the entire complex, due to difficulties associated with the need to coordinate actions with foreign partners. The disunity of environmental services and bodies that supervise this area also has a negative impact.
The main thing that needs to be done to protect Lake Baikal is to preserve the unique natural complex in its pristine purity, which is practically no longer found in the world. We have to save amazingly beautiful places with unique climatic, geological, biosphere and other conditions in which living nature can exist. Some territories will have to remain free from many types of economic activity due to their distance from civilization. They are located in hard-to-reach areas where transport connections are often lacking. Law enforcement agencies and the ranger service must provide assistance in protecting the environment and preventing hunting of rare animals and birds, illegal fishing and destruction of plants.

The uniqueness of Lake Baikal lies in its record depth, unusual geographical location, ideal purity of water and, of course, its vast territory. The lake is located in Russia, in the east of Siberia and is the natural border of two regions of the Russian Federation. With a maximum depth of 1640 m, the area of ​​Lake Baikal is 31 thousand km 2. It exceeds the size of the territories of such states as Holland or Belgium. In the world rankings of the largest lakes, it is in 6th place.
The area of ​​Lake Baikal in the center of Asia is 365 kilometers long and no less than 80 kilometers wide. This entire territory is surrounded by rows of mountain ranges and is located in a wide basin. It could accommodate waters from 92 seas, such as the Azov Sea. It contains almost 20% of the world's fresh water.
Among the coastal areas there are numerous hills. On the west, the shores are rocky and steep, while on the east coast the terrain is not so steep. In some places, mountain ranges are located tens of kilometers from the coast.
Baikal did not suffer the fate of other ancient lakes, and it did not turn into a swamp. On the contrary, its area is only increasing every year, and scientists predict that the area of ​​Lake Baikal will expand to gigantic proportions and become a new ocean.

The nature of Lake Baikal is amazing and unusual. There is no such diversity of flora and fauna anywhere on the planet. The rarest specimens of flora and fauna are found in these parts.

Vegetable world

There are few places on earth that can evoke as much surprise and delight in a botanist as the Baikal region. Currently, science identifies about 1 thousand different plant species that grow in the vicinity of this wonderful lake. Most of them are endemic. This means that they grow only in these areas. The diverse natural conditions and multimillion-year history of these territories have preserved the local ecosystem in its original form. They determined the emergence of this magnificent natural reserve, where many relict plants are preserved that have long disappeared in other parts of our planet.
Along the banks there are pines, spruces, firs and cedars - traditional Siberian trees, and only the southern shore of the lake is decorated with blue spruces. The origin of this species still remains a mystery. Olkhon Island is located in the middle of Baikal and has relict thickets. This is mainly a spruce forest that has retained its original appearance since the Paleolithic. In the west of the lake there is a tundra-steppe, with relict plants preserved since the end of the Ice Age. The combination of special tundra plants with steppe species is not found anywhere else on the planet.
The nature of Lake Baikal pleases with a bright green carpet of herbs and flowers, covered with forest slopes, where you can often find an abundance of rare berries and fragrant wild rosemary.

Animal world

Scientists believe that the fauna of the deepest lake is ancient and consists of a large number of different animals, including very rare ones. More than 2.5 thousand species of animals live here, more than half of which are endemic. First of all, it is worth noting microscopic crustaceans called the endemic epishura, which are a biological filter. Their presence is one of the main factors influencing the crystal purity of lake water.
The deepest lake is home to 54 species of fish, and 15 of them are considered commercial. The most famous of them is omul. He lives for about 25 years. It should be noted an amazing, almost transparent fish called golomyanka. She gives birth to live larvae. No fish in the world reproduces this way.
The seal lives here - the only seal that lives in fresh water reservoirs. Also in the lake there are many sturgeon, pike, whitefish, and taimen.
A wide variety of animals and birds can be found in forest areas and on the hills of the Baikal region. The forests are home to a large number of deer, martens, and sables. In the mountainous regions there are sheep, and in the steppes there are marmots and gophers. A huge number of ducks live in these areas. Seagulls and cormorants nest here. Less common are geese, herons, swans, and loons. There are 7 species of eagles here.
The nature of Lake Baikal is diverse and unique. Every effort must be made to preserve this rare region for posterity.

Some are interested in the question of which lake is the largest in the world. And strangely enough, this, which, despite its name, is the largest lake in the whole world. This body of water separates the landmass of Europe and Asia.

What's special about it?

The lake does not have any current, but at the same time it is usually called the sea. The presence of a second name for a reservoir is determined by the following factors:

• dimensions
• depth
• stock features

After the formation of the largest lake in the world, numerous studies were carried out, thanks to which it was possible to find out the basic information and understand what the reservoir is and what important differences it has.
The Caspian Sea is a lake whose shape resembles the Latin letter S. The surface area of ​​the reservoir is 371 thousand square meters, the width is four hundred fifteen thousand square meters. Such dimensions lead to the fact that many countries border the Caspian Sea.
An important advantage of the reservoir is its surprisingly rich underwater world, and many of its inhabitants have acquired resistance to constant changes in the reservoir.
The reservoir includes several bays. Moreover, the largest is Kara-Bogaz-Gol (separation took place in 1980 with the help of a deep dam, and four years after the important event the result was secured with a culvert).
In addition, the lake includes the following large bays:

• Komsomolets
• Turkmen
• Mangyshlaksky
• Kazakh
• Krasnovodsk
• Agrakhansky
• Kizlyarsky

The Caspian Sea includes 50 islands of varying sizes. Moreover, some islands have an area of ​​more than 350 square meters. Some are united into island archipelagos, known as Absheron and Baku.
The Caspian Sea appeared due to oceanic processes. This is proven by the features of the bed, which consists of an oceanic crust. Moreover, the creation process dates back to distant times, because the age of the lake is already 13,000,000 years. It was then that the Alps mountains appeared, which separated the Sarmatian and Mediterranean Seas from each other. The Akchagyl Sea existed for a long period. But after this, numerous transformations of the reservoir began:
1. The Pontic Sea dried up, as a result of which only Lake Balakhani (southern part of the Caspian Sea) remained;
2. The Akchagyl Sea turned into the Absheron Sea;
The main changes associated with the reservoir occurred approximately 17,000 - 13,100 years ago. Moreover, the changes were due to transgression.
Currently, after numerous transformations, there is the Caspian Sea, which is actually a lake.
Such changes have led to the need for a thorough study of the region. As it turns out, the southern coast includes numerous caves. At the same time, scientists note that people lived in these areas approximately 75,000 years ago.
The first mention of the reservoir and the Massagetae tribe that inhabited the region can be found in Herodotus. At the same time, it was established that other tribes lived in the region: Saki, Talysh.
Handwritten documents indicate that the Russians carried out navigational operations to the Caspian Sea from the 9th – 10th centuries. The presence of such official information indicates that the lake has been attracting increased attention from the very beginning.

is the largest lake on planet Earth. A distinctive feature of the reservoir is the instability of the hydrological regime, which is caused by specific influences:

• climatic
• geological
• hydrological

On the territory of the Caspian basin, special processes take place that gradually change the lake. Scientists note that the water balance changes quite often, and changes occur over different periods of time (tens, hundreds, thousands of years).
Changes include:

• level with maximum value
• temperature regime

At the same time, researchers describe the current state of the Caspian Sea, allowing the inhabitants of the planet to understand how the largest lake in the world differs from many other bodies of water.

Water temperature

Temperature conditions fluctuate in the following ranges:

• Winter. In the southern part - +10 - +13 degrees Celsius, in the northern part - below 0 degrees Celsius
• Summer. During this season, temperatures can rise to +25 - +28 degrees Celsius

At depth, the water temperature is about +5 degrees Celsius.
In fact, water temperature is subject to significant latitudinal changes, which primarily manifest themselves in the cold season. The difference is about +10 degrees, which is a significant indicator. In fact, these indicators do not become prohibitive: in shallow water areas where the depth is less than 25 meters, the annual difference can reach even twenty-five degrees Celsius.
At the same time, we can note the average differences:
The West Coast is generally a couple Celsius warmer than the East Coast;
Open and closed parts also differ in their temperature conditions. At the same time, external influences lead to warming of up to four degrees Celsius.
Researchers note that the temperature of the reservoir may change over time.

Features of the climate of the Caspian Sea basin

The climate of the region in which the Caspian Sea is located encompasses 3 directions at once, which causes a significant difference in temperature at different times of the year.
In winter, the air temperature varies from minus 8 degrees Celsius in the north to plus 10 degrees Celsius in the south. Thus, the maximum difference can reach 22 degrees.
Moreover, in the summer the temperature ranges from +24 to +27 degrees Celsius, as a result of which a difference of a couple of tens is eliminated. In the entire history of observations, the maximum air temperature was +44 degrees, and this important event took place on the east coast.
There is an average of 200 millimeters of precipitation per year, but the figures for different parts of the region vary significantly:
The eastern part is always characterized by dry weather. As a result, the indicator does not exceed millimeters;
The southwestern region boasts 1,700 millimeters.
It should be noted that water can evaporate quite actively from the surface of the lake. This has a positive impact on the climate of the region. Successful evaporation of water ensures proper water circulation, thereby preventing large fluctuations in humidity levels.
The average annual wind speed in the region ranges from three to seven meters per second. In this case, the northern direction is predominant. It should be noted that in the cold months of the year, wind gusts sometimes reach forty meters per second.
The windiest areas are traditionally considered to be:

• Absheron Peninsula
• Makhachkala
• Derbent

It is in this area that the highest windiness rates can be recorded. The region's climate features are largely determined by the influence of the Caspian Sea.

Currents

The Northern Caspian Sea plays the most important role in shaping the climate of the region. In this case, the main direction of the flow occurs from the northern side of the reservoir.

Salinity of water

Salinity ranges from 0.3% (the minimum value). This characteristic is recorded near the mouth of the Volga. The salinity indicator suggests that the Northern Caspian Sea is a desalinated sea basin. At the same time, in the southeast the salinity indicator reaches 13%. The maximum rate is recorded in the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay, where it already reaches 300%.

Lake relief

The Caspian Sea has a specific bottom topography, which is divided into three types:
Shelf;
Continental slope;
Deep-sea depressions.
How were all the above types of relief distributed?
The shelf starts from the coastline and extends to a depth of 100 meters. Moreover, below its border the continental slope begins, the depth of which, depending on the region of the lake, ranges from 500 to 750 meters;
The coast has low-lying terrain. At the same time, the banks have gentle slopes and rugged places;
The Middle Caspian includes a mountainous coast, which has practically no rugged shape;
The eastern part is elevated;
The Southern Caspian has mountainous areas. At the same time, the coastline is more rugged.
The Caspian Sea and its relief belong to a zone of increased seismicity. It should be noted that in the region in which the lake is located, mud volcanoes located at the southern point of the reservoir often erupt.

Characteristics of the reservoir

Historians and scientists indicate that the area and volume of water can change significantly. Both factors have a major impact on water level fluctuations.
What examples can you give? For example, when a reservoir rises, it can account for up to 78 and a half thousand cubic kilometers. Moreover, in this case, the volume indicator reaches about 44% of all lake water reserves.
The maximum depth is 1025 meters. This indicator was recorded in the South Caspian depression. It should be noted that the Caspian Sea ranks third in depth. The leader is Baikal with an indicator of 1620 meters, as well as Tanganyika with 1435 meters. It is important to note that the northern part is a shallow section of the reservoir, because the maximum depth never exceeds twenty-five meters.

Fluctuation of water in a pond

Historical studies confirm that lake water levels can fluctuate significantly. At the same time, scientists and historians record the features of changes in water levels.
Throughout the history of the reservoir, frequent changes in its characteristics have been observed. It should be noted that in the Middle Ages the highest levels of water height were recorded. Despite this, the process is continuous, the tendency for the water level in the lake to decrease and increase constantly replaces each other, which indicates circulation and the preservation of water balance. Any recorded indicator cannot be final.
Measurements have been taken on a regular basis since 1837, with researchers using special instruments for regular checks. Scientists note that the trend towards a decrease and increase in the overall water level changed many times, and these changes occurred at different intervals.
Serious fluctuations are caused by a whole chain of factors, which are divided into the following areas. Researchers note that in the future, fluctuations in the water of the Caspian Sea should continue, but at the same time the safety of the reservoir is guaranteed.

Features of water balance cycles

Surface currents determine complex cyclones that replace each other. Significant differences are noted in each part of the Caspian Sea. It should be noted that the lake is a turbulent body of water. For example, changes in atmospheric pressure and direction, wind speed always lead to fluctuations in water levels. The changes in characteristics are most pronounced in the shallow part of the reservoir, because surges during stormy weather can even reach four meters.
The instability of the lake means that the climate pattern is also subject to serious changes.
The water balance is always determined by the characteristics of the flow and atmospheric influences, the volume of evaporating liquid from the surface of the reservoir. At the same time, the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay belongs to the discharge part of the reservoir. The most important role is played by the Volga runoff, which belongs to the incoming part. The flow of the Volga can reach about 80% of the influx of river waters for the formation of the Caspian Sea.

Water composition

The Caspian Sea has a closed structure and unique composition. At the same time, serious differences in proportions are noted for waters in areas that are under the influence of continental runoff.
Constant water fluctuations and changes in water balance prevent chloride levels from rising.
This includes regular increases in the following components:

• Carbonates
• Calcium
• Sulfates

The three components listed above occupy an important place in any river waters. The composition of water also changes under the influence of complex cyclic factors.

The largest lake is usually called the Caspian Sea and many are interested in the question: where is the largest lake in the world? This body of water is located in the part of the world where Europe and Asia meet. Thus, the lake belongs to Eurasia.
The water area is divided into three large parts, which have the characteristics of the climatic region, the unique characteristics of the reservoir and its water balance:

• The Northern Caspian Sea occupies 25% of the territory
• The Middle Caspian has 36%
• The South Caspian has 39% of the total installed area

It is important to note that the reservoir is characterized by serious fluctuations in depth. For example, the northern part accounts for up to 22 meters, and the southern part – up to 1025 meters. Moreover, a depth of less than one meter is recorded in 20% of the Northern Caspian Sea. Despite such fluctuations, the Caspian still ranks third in the world in depth.
The large size of the Caspian Sea means that as many as five countries belonging to Eurasia touch the lake along their borders:

• Russia
• Azerbaijan
• Kazakhstan
• Turkmenistan

This information proves that the lake actually occupies an important place on the world map.
Caspian basin
Four more states are included in the Caspian basin: Armenia, Georgia, Türkiye, and Uzbekistan. Each country has direct access to the Caspian Sea.
The basin includes more than one hundred and thirty rivers, with the Volga being the largest. It is the Volga River that connects the Caspian Sea and the World Ocean. The Volga and all its river tributaries are regulated by existing reservoirs, which are formed by hydroelectric dams.
The Caspian basin also includes additional rivers that guarantee the maintenance of the water balance of the world's largest lake. At the same time, the most important remains the Volga, which flows through Europe.
It should be noted that the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea can no longer boast of a developed hydrographic network. The Emba and Ural rivers flow into Kazakhstan. There is one watercourse in Turkmenistan that is not permanent, but still worth noting: the Atrek River. Iran is distinguished by its connection to the Caspian Sea and several rivers. Despite the fact that connections still exist in the eastern direction, their total length turns out to be significantly less.

Cities of the Caspian Sea

The largest port city located on the Caspian Sea is the capital of Azerbaijan, Baku. The city is located in the south of the Absheron Peninsula. It should be noted that in 2010, 2,500,000 people lived in Baku.
The following large cities are also connected to the Caspian Sea:
Sumgayit, Lankaran (Azerbaijan);
Turkmenbashi (Turkmenistan);
Aktau, Atyrau (Kazakhstan);
Kaspiysk, Makhachkala, Astrakhan (Russia).
This geographical location, and accordingly the relationship with rivers, countries and cities, indicates that the Caspian Sea is in fact the largest lake in the world.
Features of the development of the Caspian Sea
The economic development of the Caspian Sea has been of interest to society since ancient times. Historical information confirms this. Currently, people have achieved good results.

Features of the story

Research into the reservoir began for the first time in 285 BC. At the same time, the corresponding events were carried out by the Greeks. After the first attempt, the work was postponed for a long time.
Nowadays, efforts began thanks to Peter the Great, who organized an expedition in 1714 for almost a whole year. Hydrographic research was then carried out in the 1720s with the help of Russian and foreign researchers.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the opportunity for instrumental photography had already appeared, thanks to which it was possible to carefully analyze the features of the geography of the reservoir and the region.
In 1866, 50 years of research began. The main objective was the desire to enrich knowledge regarding hydrobiology and hydrology.
The most active research began in the late 1890s. At the same time, Soviet geologists made every effort to understand the peculiarities of fluctuations in the level of the reservoir, study the water balance and find oil.
Numerous expeditions made it possible to begin using the Caspian Sea for the benefit of the entire world society.

Development results

How can the Caspian Sea be used for the benefit of the people?
Gas and oil production. Numerous deposits with a special purpose are being developed on the territory of the Caspian Sea. To date, oil and gas condensate resources amount to about twenty billion tons, and half of this volume is oil. The extraction of valuable minerals has been carried out since the 1820s, but it was possible to reach an industrial level only in the second half of the 19th century.
The Caspian shelf, which is included in the water basin, is used for the extraction of salt, stone, sand, clay, and limestone.
The developed network allows the use of the Caspian Sea for shipping.
The lake has a rich aquatic world. This is used for the active development of fisheries. It should be noted that more than 90% of sturgeon can be caught in this region. To date, fishing and the extraction of valuable caviar have been successfully developed. At the same time, seal fishing is also developing at a rapid pace.
Recreational resources are another advantage associated with the Caspian region. The special water composition and unique balance, beneficial climate make it possible to successfully develop a number of resorts, but at the same time, the economic, political and religious characteristics of the eastern states do not allow the full use of the recreational resources of the Caspian region, due to the unique characteristics of the sea-lake.
The Caspian Sea is the largest and most important lake in the world, which justifies its position and increased attention to itself.

TOP 10 deepest lakes in the world

If you didn’t already know which lake is the deepest in the world and where the deepest lake in the world is located, then you should check out the TOP 10. Baikal is a legendary lake. It has been written about in various sources; the reservoir is extremely loved by travelers and researchers. Every year, amazing discoveries are made on Lake Baikal, expeditions are conducted, and research is carried out. This lake holds an impressive number of different world records.
The deepest lake is considered one of the oldest on the planet, and it is also the deepest in the world. The average depth is 730 meters, and the maximum elevation is 1637 meters. Since 1996, Baikal has been on the UNESCO list as a world heritage site.
The origin of the lake is still debated today. Scientists have not reached a consensus on the age of the reservoir, which is estimated at approximately 25-35 million years. That is why Baikal is considered a unique reservoir, because other glacial lakes “live” on average 10-15 thousand years, gradually becoming swampy.
A distinctive feature of the deepest lake in the world is the fact that it contains about 19% of the world's fresh water reserves. This is an impressive amount, which is not found in any other body of water in the world. The transparency of the lake also attracts attention. Inhabitants or various objects can be seen at a depth of up to 40 meters. At the same time, the water contains a minimum amount of mineral salts, on average the value reaches 100 mg per liter. All this makes it possible to use Baikal water as distilled water.
In total, there are about 2630 species of inhabitants of both plants and animals. However, most of them are endemic. In other words, you can only meet them here. The abundance of living organisms can be explained by the impressive oxygen content in the water column. Among all animals, the golomyanka is distinguished. This fish contains less than 30% fat. The epishura crustacean is also a surprising inhabitant, of which there are over 300 species. Among the mammals, it is worth highlighting the seal, which is called the Baikal seal.
It is interesting that the water reserves in Lake Baikal are so impressive that they could supply all the inhabitants of the world for 40 long years. Scientists are still researching Baikal ice, which is fraught with many mysteries. Its distinctive feature is its unusual shape. It can be found exclusively on Lake Baikal. If you see the lake from space, you will notice dark rings in the pictures. Their origin is currently unknown, although scientists are making a lot of guesses. Answering the question which lake is the deepest in the world, there is no doubt that it is Baikal.

All the deepest lakes in the world are of interest, and Tanganyika is a special lake that has a personal status in Africa. Its location is known to local residents throughout the mainland. A distinctive feature of Lake Tanganyika is its amazing fauna and flora, as well as its impressive dimensions. The waters of the lake are located in the East African Rift, which is a narrow valley with an impressive length. The crescent shape and proximity to the mountains make the area surprisingly picturesque.
Lake Tanganyika feeds the great Congo River. This is done across the Lukuga River. However, Tanganyika does not belong to the Congo Basin. The lake holds one of the world records as the longest freshwater body of water. Moreover, it is located above the sea at an altitude of 773 meters. The total length reaches 673 kilometers, and the width at its largest point is 72 kilometers. The depth of the reservoir is quite impressive and is 1470 meters, which makes the lake the second deepest in the world. Throughout the entire reservoir, the average depth reaches 570 meters.
The volume of water in Lake Tanganyika is 18.9 thousand cubic meters, which also puts the lake in second place in the world ranking. The total area exceeds 32 thousand square kilometers. The coastline has an impressive length and is 1828 kilometers. The reservoir basin also includes streams and rivers. In general, Lake Tanganyika is often called the “African pearl”, because it holds a huge number of world records.
It is surrounded on different sides by four countries. These are Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Tanzania. There is also a connection with the Atlantic Ocean through the Congo and Lukuga rivers. Interestingly, Tanganyika has an impressive age of 10-12 million years. Over the entire impressive period of history, the lake has never dried up. As a result, an unusual underwater world was formed, the likes of which are not found in any corner of the planet.
There is no full circulation of water in the lake; the reason is the impressive depth, as well as the absence of bottom currents. As a result, a high amount of hydrogen sulfide is concentrated in the lower layers of water. Already at a depth of 200 meters, the so-called “dead zone” begins. There is no life here due to the lack of oxygen. There is an impressive variety of fish species near the surface of the water. There are especially many cichlids here. They are present in 250 species, of which about 98% live exclusively in this lake.

When answering the question which lake is the largest in the world or where is the largest lake in the world, you will be somewhat surprised. The Caspian Sea is an unusual body of water with an unusual name. In fact, this sea has no connection with the World Ocean; it is located at a considerable distance from it. In the north and east, the sea borders on desert terrain, the southern coast is represented by lowlands, and the western coast is represented by the mountain ranges of the Greater Caucasus. The reservoir is surrounded on all sides by land, which is why it is called a “sea-lake.”
A distinctive feature is the different bottom topography. In the northern part there is shallow water, in the central and southern part there are depressions and an underwater threshold. Another interesting feature is that the Caspian Sea is located in more than one climate zone. The northern part of the sea has a continental climate, the western part has a temperate climate, the eastern part has a desert climate, and the southwestern part has a subtropical humid climate.
This climatic feature leads to the fact that the sea “behaves” differently at different times of the year. In winter, strong winds and low temperatures prevail here, reaching a maximum of 8-10 degrees below zero in the air. In spring, northwest winds reign here. In summer, air masses circulate insignificantly; near the coast, the wind may increase. Temperatures in summer can rise to a maximum of 27-28 degrees above zero. We can conclude that winter on the Caspian Sea is cold and windy, and summer is windy and hot.
The volume of river flow varies significantly throughout the year. It reaches its maximum in spring and early summer. Spring floods may occur. Today, the water resources of the lake are actively used by people, reservoirs and hydroelectric power stations are being built. All this has led to the fact that the water level in the Caspian Sea has dropped somewhat today.
The lake is mainly fed by river water. Among the rivers that flow into the Caspian Sea are the Ural, Volga and Terek. It is these three rivers that bring about 90% of the river flow. About 9% of the rivers flow from the western side and only 1% from the rivers of the Iranian coast. There are also tidal waves in the lake, which are noticeable especially in November and December. It is during this period of time that sea level can increase by an average of 2-3 meters. In summer, sea level remains virtually unchanged.
An impressive number of fish species live here. As a result, fishing and fish farming are actively developing here. In particular, there is a lot of sturgeon fish, and oil has recently been discovered in the Caspian Sea.

San Martin- a body of water located in the state of Santa Cruz in Argentina. San Martin, like other deepest lakes in the world, amazes with its impressive dimensions, which makes it one of the largest in the world. It is also the deepest on the continent of South America. The lake occupies the territory between Chile and Argentina, located right on the border. Interestingly, the reservoir also has another name for its Argentine part. He was given a "name" in honor of José de San Martin, who is a national hero.
The area of ​​the reservoir reaches 1010 square meters, and the maximum depth is 836 meters. The shape of the lake is uneven and “ragged”; it is additionally represented by eight branches. The main tributary is the Mayer River, which flows into Lake San Martin and the Chico and O'Higgins glaciers, and there are also small streams. Only one river, Pascua, flows out of the reservoir.
Around the lake there are picturesque views of the pampas, and also amazing snowy peaks. The area is distinguished by its rich flora and fauna, especially many species of birds and animals. A huge number of trout live here, so sport fishing competitions are often held. Lake San Martin is amazingly clean, the water in it can change its hue from green to deep blue.
Nearby there is the town of El Chaltén, which is called the tourist center of the region. Everything here is arranged so that travelers can relax and explore the lake comfortably. The town has information centers, travel agencies, souvenir shops, and camping-type hotels. Additionally, it is possible to choose a walking tour along the coast of San Martin. Also offered are boat trips and extreme trips to the snowy peaks of the nearby Andes mountains.
There are also full-fledged attractions on the coast of Lake San Martin. These include the luxurious Nahuel Huapi estate. Guests of the lake can take time to explore the grounds of the estate. For this purpose, horseback riding tours are offered, which give incredible pleasure from the trip.
Lake San Martin reaches 1058 square kilometers. The reservoir is located above sea level, at an altitude of 250 meters. The coastline is quite impressive and reaches 525 kilometers in length. The lake is considered the deepest in America. Here you can always meet tourists and local residents, photographers and artists who come here to admire the picturesque and magnificent views of the territory.

One of the largest African reservoirs and the deepest lakes in the world is called Nyasa. It is located in East Africa in the Great Rift Valley. The length of the lake reaches 560 kilometers, and its width can be a maximum of 80 kilometers. The depth is quite impressive and reaches 704 meters. This allows Lake Nyasa to take fifth place in the world ranking of the deepest bodies of water. The reservoir was discovered in 1616 by Bucarro travelers from Portugal.
The name of the reservoir is quite standard. It was chosen in the Yao language, and translated it means “lake”. Nyasa is located on the territory of several countries - Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, occupying their borders. A distinctive feature is the coastal topography, which is represented by spatial beaches and steep shores. The plains in the northwestern part of Lake Nyasa have special expanses, where the plains amaze with their picturesqueness.
At the same place the Songwe River flows into the lake. In addition, the reservoir feeds 14 rivers, among which are the Bua, Ruhuhu, Lilongwe, and Rukuru. The only river that flows from the reservoir is the river with the sonorous name Shire. The water of Lake Nyasa has different temperatures, ranging from warm to cool. The lake amazes with its rich fauna, so fishing is active here. In total, it contributes about 4% of Malawi's GDP. Nyasa is home to a huge number of different species of fish, as well as crocodiles and whooper eagles. All this emphasizes the uniqueness of the lake. Crocodiles and whooper eagles hunt fish.
Lake Nyasa is a natural attraction that amazes with its picturesqueness and originality. This is precisely why it attracts the attention of travelers from all over the world. The reservoir itself ranks third in Africa and is among the five deepest in the world. Today, shipping is developed here; the main ports include Karonga, Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkota Kota, Bandawe, Mwaya, and Metangula.
The Lake Nyasa basin is sparsely populated. The bulk of the people live near the southern coast of Nyas. The western and northern coasts have a very sparse population with little economic activity. There is a hydroelectric power station on the outflowing Shira River. It becomes the main source of electricity. Very often the country's energy sector suffers due to the instability of the lake. The greatest shortage was observed in 1997, when the lake level was at its lowest.

Kyrgyzstan- an amazingly picturesque country that abounds in luxurious territories. Lake Issyk-Kul especially attracts attention. This reservoir is considered one of the largest in the world. Interestingly, in terms of water transparency, this reservoir is in second position in the world ranking, second only to Lake Baikal. Issyk-Kul is considered the pearl of both Kyrgyzstan itself and Central Asia. The lake is salty and mild winters prevent the reservoir from freezing even in winter. A distinctive feature is the amazing surrounding beauty, which attracts the attention of tourists from all over the world.
Lake Issyk-Kul is located in the Northern Tien Shan, occupying the territory between two ridges. Their maximum height is 5200 meters in height. On their slopes on the northern side there are spruce forests, and on the southern side there is steppe vegetation. The lake is fed by rivers, of which there are about 80 in total. Among the main ones are Zhuuku, Zhyr-galan, Tyup, Ak-Terek, Tong and some others. Most rivers are fed by glaciers.
Interestingly, the appearance of the river looks unexpected from space. The astronauts themselves claim this. Along with the Great Wall of China and the pyramids of Cheops, Lake Issyk-Kul is distinguished. From space at such an impressive height, it resembles a human eye.
Not a single river flows out of the reservoir. This leads to the fact that the water in the river is salty, as minerals accumulate. However, in terms of salinity, the reservoir is significantly inferior to sea water, on average five and a half times. However, the type of mineralization is considered quite valuable, which belongs to the chloride-sulfate-sodium-magnesium type.
The water is permeated with oxygen, which makes it light and transparent. It is unusually reminiscent of the ocean or sea. There are many different legends associated with this lake. One of them says that at the bottom of the reservoir there are the ruins of an ancient city, which was distinguished by its beautiful appearance. The color of the water is unusual. It can change shades from soft blue to dark blue.
Lake Issyk-Kul has an impressive history. The first mention dates back to the chronicles of the second century BC. They call the reservoir Zhe-Hai, which means “warm sea” in Chinese. Most likely, this name was given due to the fact that the lake does not freeze. Scientific study of the flora and fauna of the reservoir, as well as the composition of the water, began in the 19th century. Many scientists were so interested in the nature of this place that they bequeathed to bury themselves on its coast.

Great Slave Lake is an amazing body of water that amazes with its spaciousness and picturesqueness. The name Slave is of unknown origin and most experts are inclined to believe that it was not given to him by chance. The reservoir itself is located in Canada and in its dimensions it can easily compete with the largest lakes in the world, including the Great American Lakes.
The depth of the large Slave Lake is about 614 meters. For the North American continent, this figure is considered the maximum. The reservoir ranks seventh in the world rankings. Navigation is organized on Slave Lake in the summer, but in winter it is under ice. It is so strong that cars can easily drive on it. Until recently, the road on frozen ice was the only one until a full-fledged highway was built.
Great Slave Lake is completely covered with ice for seven to eight months of the year, starting in November and ending in June. Interestingly, the lake itself appeared during global cooling. For most of the year it reminds of this time. A distinctive feature is the picturesque surrounding area, which attracts the attention of tourists. The shores are decorated with dense tundra forests. The seething streams of water that can be seen between the rocks look impressive.
Gold miners are usually attracted to the northern shores of reservoirs. It will be of interest to adventure lovers who dream of learning about the formation of the city of Yellowknife. It arose precisely during the gold rush. Before this, the coast of the lake was inhabited exclusively by Indians, namely the Slave tribe. It is interesting that the name of the tribe translated into Russian means “slave” or “slave”.
It was from this tribe that the name of the lake came about, as most researchers believe. However, after lengthy studies of this fact, it was discovered that the Slave tribe had nothing in common with slaves. Representatives of the tribe are brave, courageous and strong people. Today the tribe consists of about ten thousand people. They all live on the coast of this reservoir.
In length, the Great Slave Lake reaches 480 kilometers, and in width the reservoir reaches from 19 to 225 kilometers. Several rivers flow into the lake, in particular the Slave, Snowdrift, Hay, Tolson, and Yellowknife. Only one river flows out of the lake - the Mackenzie. The area of ​​the reservoir reaches 28.5 thousand square kilometers with a volume of over 1,500 cubic meters.

– one of the most amazing natural sites in the world. The formation of this reservoir occurred after the eruption of the Mount Mazama volcano. This happened over seven thousand years ago. A distinctive feature of the lake is its deep blue hue and the incredible beauty of the surrounding landscape. This place is considered one of the most picturesque in the world. Not every lake evokes such a storm of emotions as Crater.
The depth of Crater Lake reaches 594 meters. This explains its rich dark blue hue. The cleanliness of the surrounding area and its environmental friendliness are also attractive. Here you can often meet tourists who come to admire the beauty. You can also see photographers and artists trying to capture the picturesqueness.
The history of the lake began about twelve thousand years ago. It was then that people first began to live here and saw the volcanic eruption. The result was Crater Lake. It was unknown to Europeans for quite a long time. It was first discovered by John Fremont, who led an expedition of 1843-1846. Gradually they began to explore the lake, and they found a lake here. It changed its name several times. The modern one was consolidated only in 1869.
Many researchers wonder why the water appeared at the top of the mountain. Most experts are inclined to believe that this has been happening for centuries. This happened gradually by filling the lake with snow and rain. The lake is a bowl of a volcano.
Interestingly, the lake has many different attractions. One of them is a ghost ship. This is an island that reaches 48 meters in height. It is formed from volcanic lava and resembles a ship in its silhouette. Another attraction is Halman Peak. This is a volcanic cone, whose age exceeds 70 thousand years. It was named after the researcher who first discovered this lake.
Also worth highlighting is the Sorcerer's Island, located on the island. His name is given to him in honor of the wizard's hat, which he resembles. It is extremely beautiful and reaches 233 meters in height. The Pinnacles, which are the result of volcanic gases and erosion, also stand out. Crater Lake today is part of the park. Everything has been created here for the convenience of tourists to provide them with a comfortable exploration of the picturesque area.

Lakes are extremely important for our planet, as they contain an impressive amount of fresh water. Lake Buenos Aires and Matano are considered one of the most interesting and attention-grabbing lakes. Matano is a lake located in Indonesia. In its own country it is an important source of fresh water. The lake is located in the south of the island of Sulawesi. The area of ​​the reservoir is impressive and reaches 164 square kilometers, and its depth is 590 meters.
A distinctive feature of Lake Buenos Aires and Matano is the crystal clarity of the water. Those who have been here claim that you can easily see everything that happens at a depth of 20-25 meters. An interesting feature is the unique flora. This is where an impressive number of fish live, whose ancestors swam here several thousand years ago.
The picturesque area around the lake is also attractive. It is represented by mountains and tropical forests. For the convenience of vacationers, beaches with snow-white sand are organized here. Diving is also offered on the lake. A huge number of divers gather here who dream of admiring the beauty of the underwater world. An extraordinary feature of Matano is the presence of two levels of water column. The first has a high percentage of oxygen content, and the second lacks sulfates and contains iron in excess. Many scientists compare this composition with the oceanic one, which is quite atypical for lakes.
Lake Buenos Aires and Matano is located on the border of Chile and Argentina. It has the same depth as Matano, reaching 590 meters. The total area of ​​the reservoir is 1850 square kilometers. The origin and feeding of the lake is glacial, and it is located directly in the Patagonian Andes. In South America, Buenos Aires is considered the deepest body of water, and ranks ninth in the world rankings.
The main feature is the excellent ecology and crystal clear water. Also, Lake Buenos Aires and Matano are notable for the presence of marble caves. They have an amazingly beautiful view that attracts tourists from all over the world. The color of the water, which consists of shades of turquoise and emerald, also looks interesting.
There are an impressive number of cities and towns near the lake. This is due to the excellent climate and picturesque area. Excursions are often organized here so that tourists have the opportunity to admire the magnificent appearance of the marble caves. You can only see the beauty in person, as photographs cannot convey it.

– an amazing body of water that attracts attention. It has not yet been fully studied, so official parameters have not been established. Today it is believed that the depth of the lake reaches 514 meters, but this is not an accurate indicator. However, it also allows Hornindalsvatnet to be the deepest lake in both Norway and all of Europe. The lake occupies tenth position in the world ranking.
In the 90s of the 20th century, the Telenor company began studying the lake. Previously, it was the official telephone company of the country. Telenor planned to lay optical fibers directly along the bottom of Lake Hornindalsvatnet. At this moment, the depth was declared to be 612 meters. If this figure is officially confirmed, the lake will take seventh position in the world ranking.
Lake Hornindalsvatnet has no other outstanding characteristics. Its water volume reaches 12 cubic meters with a total surface area of ​​50 square meters. These are quite modest dimensions even for Norway. The lake ranks 19th in the country in terms of volume and area.
The location of the lake is of interest. It is located in the Norwegian province in western Norway. This is the Atlantic coast in the county of Sogn ok Fjordane. Hornindalsvatnet is located 53 meters above the sea, and Hornindal is located on its shore. This is the administrative center of the commune. The town is quite small and has only a few hotels.
A distinctive feature of the lake is its crystal clear water. Throughout Scandinavia, Lake Hornindalsvatnet is considered the cleanest lake. This is explained by the fact that the water supply of the reservoir is not connected with rivers. The main source of food is glaciers. Here everyone can go fishing, because the fauna of the reservoir is truly unique. You can find quite rare varieties of fish that are not found in other bodies of water in Norway. However, their fishing is not prohibited.
The landscape is also noteworthy, distinguished by its beauty and picturesqueness. Many consider this place to be the pearl of the country, so excursions are often organized here. Also, a Marathon is held on the lake every year in mid-summer, in which an impressive number of people take part. This is a race over an impressive distance, reaching 42 kilometers and 195 meters. If you wish, you can simply relax here, swim and sunbathe on the beach. You can also try your hand at rowing, which is developed on Hornindalsvatnet.

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We see the lake as a wonderful vacation spot where you can swim and fish. But not all lakes are like this. Some are truly terrifying. And not in vain.

Lake Pustoe (Russia)

Lake Pustoe is located in Western Siberia in the Kuznetsk Alatau region. Lake Pustoe is a fresh, clean reservoir of continental origin; there are no chemical anomalies in its waters. Many scientists have repeatedly carried out chemical analyzes of water from Lake Pustoy, but not a single study has found toxic substances in it. The lake water is clean, suitable for consumption, similar to champagne due to the smallest bubbles of absolutely harmless natural gases. Scientists have not been able to draw a conclusion about why there are no fish in the reservoir.

In the vicinity of Lake Pustogo there have never been environmental disasters or extraordinary technical incidents polluting the reservoir. The chemical composition of its water does not differ from the nearest reservoirs of the reserve, which are distinguished by an abundance of fish resources. Moreover, the reservoir feeds several fresh, clean reservoirs in the vicinity; the fact that there is fish in them will add special mystery to what is happening in these dreams. There have been several attempts to introduce unpretentious fish species such as pike, perch and crucian carp into the reservoir. Each of them ended in failure, the fish died, the aquatic plants rotted. And today there is no grass or birds on the banks of the reservoir, there are no fish or fry in the water, the lake guards its mysteries.

Why are there no fish in the lake?

Samples from the Kuznetsk reservoir were studied by chemists from the USA, Great Britain and Germany. However, no one was able to put forward a sensible version explaining the lack of fish in the reservoir. Scientists are not yet able to answer the questions of ordinary people about what is happening to the Kuznetsk reservoir. However, scientists repeat attempts to explain the extraordinary phenomenon of Empty Lake with enviable frequency. There are many people who want to visit the shores of the unusual lake; tourists come here and stay overnight. Some of them dream of touching the mystery of nature and unraveling it.

Lake of Death (Italy)

Our world is amazing and beautiful, its nature can be endlessly admired and enjoyed. But besides this, there are places on our Earth that sometimes lead us to bewilderment. Among such places is the Lake of Death on the island of Sicily. This lake can be considered one of the phenomena and unique natural phenomena. The name itself suggests that this lake is deadly for all living things. Any living organism that gets into this lake will inevitably die.

This lake is the most dangerous on our planet. The lake is absolutely lifeless and there are no living organisms in it. The shores of the lake are deserted and lifeless; nothing grows here. Everything is connected with the fact that any living creature that enters the aquatic environment immediately dies. If a person decides to swim in this lake, he will literally dissolve in the lake in a few minutes.

When information about this place appeared in the scientific world, a scientific expedition was immediately sent there to study this phenomenon. The lake revealed its secrets with great difficulty. Water analyzes showed that the lake’s aquatic environment contains a large amount of concentrated sulfuric acid. Scientists were not immediately able to figure out where the sulfuric acid comes from in the lake. Scientists have put forward several hypotheses about this. The first hypothesis stated that at the bottom of the lake there are rocks that, when washed away by water, become enriched with acid. But further study of the lake showed that at the bottom of the lake there are two sources that release concentrated sulfuric acid into the lake’s water environment. This explains why any organic matter dissolves in the lake.

Dead Lake (Kazakhstan)

There is an anomalous lake in Kazakhstan that attracts the attention of many people. It is located in the Taldykurgan region, the village of Gerasimovka. Its dimensions are not large, only 100x60 meters. This body of water is called Dead. The fact is that there is nothing in the lake, neither algae nor fish. The water there is unusually icy. Low water temperatures remain even when there is intense sunshine outside. People drown there all the time. For some unknown reason, scuba divers begin to choke after three minutes of diving. Locals do not advise anyone to go there, and they themselves avoid this anomalous place.

Blue Lake (Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia)

Blue karst abyss in Kabardino-Balkaria. Not a single river or stream flows into this lake, although it loses up to 70 million liters of water every day, but its volume and depth do not change at all. The blue color of the lake is due to the high content of hydrogen sulfide in the water. There are no fish here at all. What makes this lake creepy is the fact that no one has been able to figure out its depth. The fact is that the bottom consists of an extensive system of caves. Researchers have still not been able to figure out what the lowest point of this karst lake is. It is believed that under the Blue Lake is the largest system of underwater caves in the world.

You can see where the Red Sea is on the map above. The sea is located between the Arabian Peninsula and Africa in a tectonic basin. Through the Suez Canal in the north the sea connects with the Mediterranean, in the south the sea exits into the Indian Ocean.

The saltiest sea in the world

Of all the seas, the Red Sea is the saltiest, yes, surprisingly, but it is believed that it is saltier than even the Dead Sea. This happens due to the fact that the Dead Sea is closed, and the Red Sea has an influx of salt water through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait where it connects with the Indian Ocean and at the same time, in a hot climate, it has evaporation from the surface of about 2000 mm per year with precipitation of only about 100 millimeters .

A sea into which no river flows

In addition to the hot climate, the Red Sea has one more feature - not a single river flows into the sea, but it is the rivers that carry fresh water to the seas. These are the main factors due to which the Red Sea is considered the saltiest sea in the world; in one year, 1000 cubic kilometers more water is introduced into the Red Sea than flows out of it.

One liter of Red Sea seawater contains about 41 grams of salt. Although in the depths of the sea there are places where there are more than 260 grams of salt per liter. The maximum depth of the sea, according to various estimates, does not exceed three kilometers, officially 2211 meters.

Many interesting and unusual facts are found in nature. In this article we will consider two of them, which are associated with water sources.

The only sea into which no river flows: name, where is it located on the world map?

• The only sea whose recharge source is not rivers is the Red Sea.
• Thanks to the karst fault in the earth's crust, which over time filled the Indian Ocean with its waters, this body of sea was formed.
• The absence of inflowing fresh river water makes the Red Sea the saltiest and cleanest.
• It is fed by the waters of the Gulf of Aden, passing through a very narrow strait.
• It is an inland sea of ​​the Indian Ocean.
• The tectonic basin through which the Red Sea flows separates the Arabian Peninsula and Africa.
• From the northern side it flows into the Mediterranean Sea, having previously connected with the Isthmus of Suez
• From the southern part it flows into the Arabian Sea, passing through the Strait of Mandeb into the Gulf of Aden.

You can find out more information about the Red Sea in

Video: Inhabitants of the Red Sea

The only lake into which no river flows: name, where it is located on the world map, brief description

• Lake Kok-Kol has this monopoly right.
• Despite the fact that this reservoir does not have tributaries of any river or stream, it is always filled with a constant level of water.
• This is due to its origin from ancient glaciers and its location in a quarry with moraine deposits, shrouded in firn, which prevent the glaciers from melting for hundreds of years.
• In addition, according to scientists, there are cave passages in the deep lake abyss. These sources contribute to additional nutrition of the reservoir.
• Regardless of the time of year, the water in Kok-Kola is perfectly clean and fresh. The local population considers it healing.
• According to scientists, the lake is connected through the Vitim River through subbottom channels.
• The lake bottom could not be discovered, so according to some reports, it is bottomless.
• The lake is located in the south of Kazakhstan, in the Dzhambul region, Karakistan Valley.

Kok-kol attracts a lot of interest with its mystery.

• Funnels that appear instantly and disappear just as quickly
• Occasional giant snakes
• Incomprehensible howling and sighing sounds made by the lake

All of this has only recently been explained from a scientific point of view, but, nevertheless, there are amateurs who give natural anomalies a fantastic interpretation.
Amazing natural phenomena give special significance to the Red Sea and Lake Kok-Kol. But many tourists and vacationers are unaware of the exclusivity of the places they visit. We hope that this article will focus attention on the features of these reservoirs and will bring even greater satisfaction from visiting them.

Video: To the origins of Kok-Kol

Water of a mesmerizing azure color, with a visibility of several tens of meters - some bodies of water on the planet are still distinguished by incredible environmental indicators. They miraculously managed to escape the harmful influence of civilization; for thousands and millions of years, the water in them remains crystal clear. Some of the cleanest lakes and rivers on the planet are located in incredibly inaccessible places; to see them, tourists need to overcome a difficult path. Others, on the contrary, have long been centers of tourist life, which does not prevent them from maintaining their unique environmental indicators. All the cleanest bodies of water on the planet are incredibly beautiful and certainly deserve the attention of the most sophisticated travelers.
Crater Lake, USA

In the USA, in the state of Oregon, there is an incredibly beautiful Lake Crater, it was formed in the crater of an extinct volcano. This lake has become famous throughout the world for its unique deep blue water, which is considered one of the cleanest in the world. According to scientists, this lake was formed more than 7.5 thousand years ago, its average depth is about 350 meters. The size of the lake is also quite impressive, its length is about 9.6 km and its width is about 8 km.

This lake is one of the deepest not only in the United States, but also in North America. Several years ago, a national park was formed around the unique lake, and today interesting excursions are held around its territory. The main event for travelers remains the climb to the crater of an extinct volcano; this is the only way to see the beautiful lake with your own eyes. In recent years, the amazing nature reserve has been visited annually by about 400,000 tourists from all over the world.

The crystal clear lake attracts not only curious travelers, but also ecologists and researchers. Several years ago, a group of scientists conducted an interesting experiment here. The fact is that initially there were no species of fish in Lake Kreiter; environmentalists decided to introduce some species of trout and salmon here. Their experiment was a complete success; today the lake is inhabited by fish. Tourists are even allowed to fish here, subject to the only condition - they must use artificial bait.

Lake Zyuratkul, Russia


In Russia, among the Ural Mountains there is an amazing lake Zyuratkul, it is located at an altitude of 724 meters above sea level and is the highest mountain lake in the Urals. The maximum depth of this lake is relatively small and is about 12 meters, and the area of ​​the reservoir is 13.5 square meters. km. Today, the amazing lake is considered one of the cleanest in the world, despite the fact that the water in it is by no means transparent. It has a cloudy tea color, which is explained by the fact that many streams flowing into the lake originate in swamps.

The area near the lake is famous not only for its natural beauty, but also for its historical sites. During the study, scientists discovered several important archaeological sites; here they raised tools of primitive people and found a giant geoglyph. For local residents, Lake Zyuratkul has been a sacred landmark for hundreds of years; many interesting legends and beliefs are associated with it.

In the forests located along the shores of the lake, hundreds of years ago the Old Believers performed their rituals; while walking through them, today you can see unusual monuments carved from wood. Excellent conditions for recreation have been created on the territory of the Zyuratkul National Park. There are several equipped camping areas, so during the warm season, travelers can stay in these picturesque places for several days. There are hundreds of different excursions here, during which you can see the most significant natural attractions, as well as unique historical areas.

Piccaninny Ponds, Australia


In Australia, on the territory of the Piccaninny Nature Reserve, there is a system of ponds of the same name, which have recently been considered a favorite vacation spot for divers. There are three ponds in the system, all of them with crystal clear water. However, each of these ponds has its own unique characteristics. The “First Pond” is the smallest, its depth is only 10 meters. The “Abyss” pond is much deeper; its maximum depth is 100 meters. The water in this pond is crystal clear and visibility can reach 40 meters.

The Cathedral is considered the most unusual and interesting of the three ponds; its depth is 35 meters. This pond was formed in a grotto of limestone formation and is the most popular among divers. The system of ponds is located in a special swampy area, which is notable not only for its reservoirs, but also for its unique vegetation and fauna. This marshy area is home to several rare species of birds, the observation of which attracts not only ornithologists, but also tourists.

Piccaninny Park has many hiking trails for tourists, as well as several excellent viewing platforms from which you can admire the beautiful ponds and surrounding landscapes. Piccaninny National Park was established in 1969 and covers an area of ​​about 8.6 square kilometers. km. Since several years ago the ponds were opened to snorkeling and diving enthusiasts, today environmentalists monitor their cleanliness with particular care. Those who want to swim in these pristine ponds will need to comply with some formalities.

Lake Masyuko, Japan


In Japan, on the territory of the island of Hokkaido, there is another crystal clear lake - Masyuko. It is located in the Akan Nature Reserve, the lake is surrounded on all sides by incredibly beautiful mountain ranges covered with dense vegetation. This crystal clear lake was formed in the caldera of an active volcano; the water in it has a rich blue color due to its special mineral composition. Hundreds of tourists visit this beautiful lake every day as part of organized excursions around the national reserve.

While walking through the mountainous areas, they will have the opportunity to see many rare plants, animals and birds; it is most interesting to walk through these colorful places in the summer. However, visiting the reserve in winter also has its charms. On the territory of the national park there is another crater lake, Kussyaro, which also has its own unique features. The thing is that several hot springs flow into it, which prevent some areas of the lake from freezing even in winter. This feature attracts many heat-loving birds to the reservoir; whooper swans always spend the winter here.

The main feature of Lake Masyuko is that not a single stream flows into it, nor does it flow out. Researchers believe that it is precisely this feature of the lake that allows it to maintain its crystal purity for hundreds of years. It is also worth noting that on the territory of the reserve there are several interesting miniature villages, where you can get acquainted with the life of local residents and buy interesting souvenirs.

Bowman Lake, USA


In the United States there is the amazing Lake Bowman, which is also famous for its clear water. It is located in Montana, on the territory of the Glacier National Forest. Despite the fact that the reserve is rich in a variety of natural attractions, it is still visited by very few tourists. This greatly contributes to the preservation of the unique ecosystem here. Lake Bowman is impressive in size: its length is about 11 km and its width is about 1.5 km.

This fabulously beautiful lake is considered one of the most transparent in the world; today tourists here are provided with all the conditions for organizing an interesting holiday. They can not only walk around the reserve, but also spend several days in a tent camp. The lake is home to a lot of fish, which tourists are allowed to catch, and you can also swim in some areas of the lake.

The tent camp located on the shore of the lake is open only in the warm season and is well equipped. Toilets and even showers are equipped on its territory; every measure is taken here to preserve the ecology of these places. Today, the main guests of this “resort” are local residents, although in recent years Bowman Lake has also attracted a fair number of foreign travelers. Getting to this wonderful lake is not difficult; there is a road through part of the reserve.

Lake Sheosar, Pakistan


In the northern part of Pakistan, in the territory of the Deosai National Park, there is a fabulously beautiful Lake Sheosar. It has gained popularity among tourists precisely because of its crystal clear water. For hundreds of years, this lake has remained one of the cleanest bodies of water on the planet. The maximum depth of this lake is 40 meters, its length reaches 2.3 km, and its width is 1.8 km. This lake is located in a very inaccessible mountainous area, at an altitude of 4,142 meters above sea level.

Both car and walking tours of the nature reserve are organized for travelers. By jeep you can get to a remote mountainous area in just a few hours, while walking usually takes at least two days. For nature lovers, the best way to explore the reserve is on foot; there are several specially designated areas on its territory where you can set up a tent camp.

The best time to visit the beautiful lake and walk around the reserve is considered to be from the beginning of June to the end of September, at which time the plateaus surrounding the lake are covered with carpets of bright colors. One of the main inhabitants of these picturesque places are butterflies; there are several dozen species of them. Already in November, the beautiful valley and lake are hidden under thick snow; it completely disappears only by May. During the cold season, excursions around the reserve are not conducted.

Peyto Lake, Canada

In Canada, you should look for one of the cleanest lakes in Banff National Park, where the world-famous Peyto Lake is located. This lake is located in an incredibly beautiful foothill area, its area is about 5.3 square meters. km. The length of the lake stretches for 2.8 km, and its average width is only 800 meters. The first to discover this amazing lake was traveler Bill Peyto, and the lake got its name in honor of its discoverer.

One of the main features of the lake is its unusual shape; if you look at it from a bird's eye view, it resembles a huge wolf's head. The water in the lake has a rich turquoise hue, which also attracts attention. Every year the lake is replenished with water from nearby glaciers. Mountain streams bring with them tiny particles of minerals into the lake, which make the color of the water so unusual. Nowadays, several comfortable recreation centers are equipped for tourists on the shore of the lake. Here you can have a wonderful rest for a few days and enjoy the natural splendor.

These places are especially attractive to fishing enthusiasts; the lake is home to rainbow trout, salmon, pike and other species of noble fish. Those who want to fish in this wonderful place should take care of purchasing a license in advance. Guests of the reserve can diversify their holiday with exciting walks; there are extensive forests along the shores of the lake. Here you can see many rare animals and birds, and in the summer, rare species of flowers bloom in the reserve.

Lake Baikal, Russia


In the south of Eastern Siberia there is a world famous landmark - Lake Baikal. It is the world's largest reservoir of fresh water and the deepest lake on the planet, with a maximum depth of 1,642 meters. The area of ​​the lake is 31.7 square meters. km. The lake is interesting not only in itself, it is surrounded by unique natural landscapes. Many unique endemic animals live here, and you can also see a lot of rare plants.

Lake Baikal is of tectonic origin, its water is considered one of the cleanest in the world and is home to valuable species of fish. One of the main features of water is its high oxygen content, while the amount of minerals is very small. Lake Baikal is also one of the coldest in the world; the water temperature in it, even in the summer months, does not rise above +8 degrees Celsius.

One of the main unresolved issues related to the lake remains the theory of its origin. According to scientists, its formation was provoked by tectonic activity; the age of the lake is at least 25 million years. The inhabitants of the lake are of great interest to researchers; there are more than 2,600 species of them. More than half of the aquatic inhabitants are endemic and cannot be found in any other body of water in the world. One of the most important environmental problems of Lake Baikal is wastewater. Many rivers flow into the lake, the water in some of them is polluted by industrial waste.

Moraine Lake, Canada


In Canada there is the famous glacial lake Moraine, it is located in Banff National Park. This lake is very small, its area is only 500 square meters. meters, and the maximum depth reaches 14 meters. At the same time, it is difficult to find equals in the beauty of this lake. The discoverer of this unique natural attraction was explorer Walter Wilcox. When he discovered this lake, he could not stop admiring it for half an hour. Later, in his manuscripts, the scientist noted that these were the happiest half an hour in his life.

This lake is located in a very inaccessible mountainous area, so for a long time no one knew about its existence. The water in the lake, which fills it year after year during the melting of glaciers, has a rich sapphire hue. Against the backdrop of the surrounding mountains, the lake looks fantastic. The best time to visit the lake is considered to be June; at this time the peak of glacier melting occurs and the lake reaches its maximum size.

Travelers can visit Moraine Lake only from May to September; the rest of the year the mountain road is closed for safety reasons. You can easily get to the lake by car; the nearest large populated area is the city of Calgary. In recent years, organized excursions have been held to the lake, and a bus runs along the tourist route. Half an hour’s drive from the lake there is a small mountain village, which will also be very interesting to visit as part of the excursion.

Lake Jenny, USA


Jenny Lake is located in northwestern Wyoming and is today part of Grand Triton National Park. This lake is also of glacial origin and is located at an altitude of more than 2,000 meters above sea level. According to researchers, the lake was formed about 12,000 years ago, its maximum depth reaches 129 meters, and its area is about 482 square meters. km. Despite the fact that this lake is one of the cleanest in the world, motor boats are allowed on it, which is actively used not only by researchers, but also by tourists.

The main route, formed along the shores of the lake, is called the Jenny Lake Trail; excursions here are conducted not only during the day, but also at night. Nearby is the beautiful Cascade Canyon, which is also an important attraction of these places. The name of the lake has a very interesting history. In 1872, one of the first large expedition groups, led by the Englishman Richard Lee, worked on the lake. This beautiful lake was later named after his wife Jenny.

Another attractive feature of the reservoir is the variety of fish species; fishing was allowed here several years ago. The most cherished catch of fishermen is trout; to go fishing here, you need to obtain a special license. Tourists are allowed to travel to these places only when accompanied by guides; among the inhabitants of the nearby forests there are many predatory animals, and bears are also found here. Just like many years ago, today the national park attracts hunters, and climbers also like to relax here.

Lake Pukaki, New Zealand


New Zealand also has many wonderful lakes worthy of tourists' attention. One of them is worth looking for on Yuzhny Island, where the beautiful Lake Pukaki is located. This lake of glacial origin has become famous throughout the world thanks to the rich blue color of the water, which, among other things, is also incredibly clean. The area of ​​the lake is 178.7 square meters. km, it is located at an altitude of more than 500 meters above sea level. This fabulously beautiful reservoir stretches for 15 km in length and its width is about 8 km.

Several years ago, Lake Pukaki became part of a large hydropower system; experts made sure that such use of the reservoir would in no way affect its environmental performance. For local residents, the appearance of the hydraulic unit was a real breakthrough; it was thanks to the lake that they finally received stable electricity.

Not everyone knows that initially the glacial lake was very small, its maximum depth was no more than 25 meters. When the construction of a hydraulic station began in the 40s of the last century, the volume of the lake was significantly increased. Initially, in the center of the lake there was a small island, which, as a result of the expansion of the reservoir, was flooded. The water in the glacial lake is always very cold, so not everyone dares to swim in its crystal clear azure water. Even at the height of summer, its temperature is no more than + 7 degrees Celsius. Local residents have many beautiful legends associated with the lake; it got its name in honor of one of the mythical warriors.

Lake Tahoe, USA


California is home to the amazing freshwater Lake Tahoe, located in the picturesque foothills of the Sierra Nevada. This lake is well known to tourists; several popular ski resorts are located in its immediate vicinity. Lake Tahoe is the second deepest lake in the United States, with an average depth of 305 meters and an area of ​​about 495 square meters. km. Among the most beautiful lakes in the world, Tahoe is considered one of the most easily accessible; large roads run along the entire perimeter of the reservoir.

The lake was formed at the site of a geological fault in the earth's crust about 3 million years ago. Today, not only the lake itself with water of a fantastic heavenly color is of great interest, but also the coniferous forests surrounding it. Here you can see many rare species of pine and fir, as well as rare species of shrubs and grasses. The lake was discovered relatively recently, in 1844, its discoverer was Lieutenant John Fremont.

He explored these mountainous areas in search of a river, and discovered an incredibly beautiful lake, which a few years later was explored by scientists from all over the world. Most tourists began to visit these places after 1960, when the Winter Olympic Games were held at one of the local resorts. Since those times, an excellent tourist infrastructure has remained here; today there are comfortable hotels near the lake, and there are also many ski slopes of varying difficulty levels. Lovers of hiking will also find it interesting to relax here; exciting excursions are held near the lake at any time of the year.

Blue Lake, New Zealand


One of the cleanest and most unusual lakes on the planet with the complex name Rotomairewhenua is located in New Zealand; translated from the Maori language its name means “Blue Lake”. This miniature freshwater lake is located within the Nelson National Forest and is part of a complex system of lakes. Ecologists began to study the reservoir in detail only in 2011; they accidentally discovered that the water in the lake is extremely clean.

Visibility there can reach 80 meters. From year to year, the lake is fed by water from nearby glaciers. Flowing down from the mountain peaks, it passes through many natural rocks, which act as a natural filter. Largely due to its purity, the water in the lake has an amazing hue, which during the day varies from deep blue to light purple.

One of the first specialists to show interest in the lake was hydrologist Rob Mirriles. After admiring the crystal clear water, travelers should definitely take a walk through the forests and mountain ranges surrounding the reservoir. There are no tourist centers near the lake; it is extremely rare to meet travelers here. The main visitors to these picturesque places are researchers and ecologists; not so long ago, as a result of a major study, they equated the water in Blue Lake in properties and quality to distilled water.

Petermann River, Greenland


Some rivers are also striking in their amazing purity of water. An excellent example is the Petermann River, located in Greenland; it is known to a wide range of travelers under the unofficial name of the Blue River. The location of the river is the glacier of the same name, which melts in the summer and forms many small streams. They all converge into a single river, the water of which has a rich blue tint.

The incredibly beautiful and clean river poses a huge threat to the world ecology. In recent years, the Petermann Glacier has begun to melt four times faster, which is contributing to a significant increase in the water level of the world's oceans. According to researchers, the glacier will melt even more rapidly in the coming years, which could lead to serious environmental disasters. In the meantime, the crystal clear river is of great interest to scientists. They can estimate the composition of glacial waters that have been frozen for millions of years.

It is very difficult for ordinary travelers to reach this remote corner of the world with an incredibly harsh climate; this can only be done together with organized expedition groups. Now environmentalists are trying to take all possible measures to minimize the influx of glacier meltwater into the world ocean. In the coming years it may lose up to 100 sq. kilometers of ice, this amount of melt water would be enough to supply a large metropolis for 10 years.

Weddell Sea, Antarctica


Off the coast of West Antarctica lies the beautiful Lake Weddell, which is also one of the cleanest bodies of water on the planet. It bears its name in honor of the discoverer J. Weddell, who made an expedition to these places in 1832. The sea area is 2,900,000 square meters. km, and its maximum depth reaches 6,800 meters. In addition to the incredibly beautiful water of a heavenly hue, the sea is distinguished by a huge number of ice floes that float in it all year round.

This beautiful, clear sea is home to thousands of aquatic inhabitants, huge populations of whales, seals and fish live here, and penguins are also typical inhabitants of these places. Today the Weddell Sea is considered the cleanest in the world. The last major study of its water took place in 1986, the average visibility was estimated at 79 meters, which corresponds to distilled water.

Not all research groups, not to mention ordinary tourists, decide to sail on this sea; drifting ice poses a huge threat to ships. Many natural and physical phenomena are associated with the North Sea. The water in it never freezes, despite the fact that its temperature can reach -25 degrees Celsius. The Weddell Sea is the coldest and cleanest sea on the planet. To see it with your own eyes, travelers need to be part of one of the research expeditions, but they go to this harsh sea extremely rarely