Top of the world. Geographic coordinates of Mount Chomolungma. Mount Chomolungma: location and coordinates

Mount Everest (also called Chomolungma) is known as the highest in the world, but only if you do not take absolute height as a criterion. Everest rises above sea level to the maximum distance among other mountains of the Earth, but there is a volcano growing from the bottom of the ocean, so in fact its height is greater. However, since the summit of Everest reaches the highest mark on the planet, it is the main goal of most climbers who dream of conquering a giant at least once.

Mount Everest location and characteristics

It is unlikely that there will be those who do not know on which continent the highest peak (Eurasia) is located. They talk about Everest in geography lessons, showing where the mountain is, which hemisphere it belongs to. Many people miss in which country Chomolungma is located, but geographical coordinates will help determine the exact position of the highest point on the planet, and this is China. Its latitude and longitude in degrees are as follows: 27°59′17″ s. sh. 86°55′31″ E d.

The mountain is part of the mountain range, being part of the Mahalangur-Himal range. In fact, it belongs to two countries: Nepal and China, while the highest point, the North Peak, is part of China. Its height in meters is 8848. The southern peak is slightly inferior in its indicator, but, nevertheless, reaches 8760 meters.

Due to its outstanding height, Everest was measured relatively recently. The first estimate appeared as early as 1852 in the course of trigonometric calculations. In the 1950s, theodolites were already used: with their help, it was possible to fix the exact value equal to 8848.13 meters. Later, various information appeared in which measurements fluctuated either up or down. The reason for this was that the peak consists of glaciers, which, for a number of reasons, can grow and shrink. It is officially recognized that the height of Everest is 8848 meters, and its solid rock ends at around 8844 meters.

The shape of Everest resembles a pyramid with three faces, while from the south the slope is steep and bare, as snow and ice slide down from this side. Due to the high altitude, it is not surprising that wind speeds can exceed 200 m/s. In summer, the temperature fluctuates around 0 degrees, in January it drops to -35 degrees during the day and -50 and even -60 at night.

origin of name

Chomolungma is a Tibetan name that means "Divine Mother of vital energy." This unusual name was chosen to honor the Bon goddess Sherab Chzhamma. She is a symbol of mother energy. The Tibetans also gave the mountain a second name with the same etymology - Jomo Gang Kar, which translates as "Holy Mother, white like snow."

Another popular name comes from English, as it was given as a tribute to George Everest. At the beginning of the 19th century, he was a well-known figure in geodetic research. The scientist's successor put forward his last name as a name after an employee of the service where Everest worked made the world's first measurement of "Peak XV", considered the highest in Eurasia and presumably on the planet.

There is another name given by the inhabitants of Nepal. In their language, Mount Chomolungma sounds like Sagarmatha, which means "mother of the universe." In Nepal, the highest peak is treated with special warmth, so they prefer to call it in their native language.

mountaineering center

Mount Everest, due to its outstanding size, has long attracted the attention of rock climbers, but today climbers climb established routes. Many groups are prepared in camps, trips during the season are organized almost daily. This is one of the popular tourism destinations, so the uninhabited Mount Chomolungma can hardly be called.

The history of ascents included the pioneers Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary, who first reached the highest mark in the world in 1953 on May 29. After their luck, many expeditions managed to get to the peak, but only from the beginning of the 19th century, hiking became available to a wide range of people.

Climbing to the top is allowed in spring and autumn, as there are less winds during these seasons. In autumn, use the rise only from the south side. Preparation lasts about two months, as the body must go through a period of acclimatization. The last 300 meters are considered the most dangerous, but the impressions from the opening view are worth it. You can’t see in any picture or photo what the conqueror of the mountain will receive, because emotions will greatly enhance the effect of what he saw.

Mount Everest is a real treasure of Nepal, this small country, which is considered the birthplace of the Buddha.

Name variations and location

Nepal would never have acquired the status of a kind of tourist "Mecca", if not for Everest. This is an amazing peak, shrouded in legends. The name of the mountain was in honor of George Everest, an Englishman and head of the geodetic service. Translated from the language of Tibet, the second name of this mountain is Chomolungma. It sounds like "Divine". U is called Sagarmatha - "mother of the earthly gods." Before the Europeans arrived here, the peak was also called Chomo-Kankar - “the queen of white snows”. Looking at the map of southern Asia, you will find a narrow strip of the Himalayas in the north of the Hindustan peninsula and determine the coordinates of Mount Chomolungma. To the north is located The height of Everest is 8848 meters. Mount Chomolungma - 27°59′17″ north latitude and 86°55′31″ east longitude. It is part of the Main Himalayan Range. The highest point on the planet is located almost on the border of China and Nepal.

Expensive pleasure

Climbing to the top of the world is a rather difficult and expensive business. "Divine" is located in a remote area and is not easy to get to, as evidenced by the geographical coordinates of Mount Chomolungma. And this is due not only to the price of the flight and long distances. Despite the fact that Mount Chomolungma on the map belongs to Chinese territory, it brings income to both China and Nepal. After all, the mere registration of a climbing permit brings up to 10 thousand dollars from each climber to the state treasury. In addition, you need expensive climbing equipment. These are tents, ice axes, ropes, special clothing, sleeping bags, an oxygen apparatus.

Of great importance is the map, compass and geographical coordinates of Mount Chomolungma. Now navigators allow you not to get lost. You also need to store food, oxygen and gas cylinders. In addition, you need to pay for the services of Sherpa porters, instructors and guides. The total amount spent on the rise can exceed 65 thousand dollars. You will also have to be patient. The whole ascent process, together with the obligatory monthly acclimatization to rarefied air, training and arrangement of intermediate camps, lasts about two months.

area of ​​death

In the snows of Everest, on the way to the top lies about two hundred dead climbers. From some of them, the wind blows snow away, and such “marks” unobtrusively remind tourists that the mountain is not to be trifled with.

Chomolungma has many dangers - snow avalanches, rock and ice screes, severe frosts. In winter, at the top of the mountain, the thermometer readings can drop below the 60-degree mark. Wind knocking down.

But the worst enemy of the climber is the lack of oxygen. Heights above eight kilometers are not in vain called the domain of death. Since here the oxygen content drops to 0.3 of the norm and below. Under such conditions, the body experiences tremendous exhaustion. The heart in such conditions can simply stop.
It is extremely difficult for climbers to move in the “death area”. Therefore, oxygen cylinders are mandatory elements of such expeditions. But many ascents have been made without the use of breathing apparatus.

Humanity test

"Mother of earthly gods" attracts climbers with its impregnability. Climbers who come here have been preparing for climbing this mountain for many years. They buy equipment and do physical training. If a person is not rich, he understands that he has only one chance to overcome this height. There will be no other attempt. Under these conditions, travelers find themselves in circumstances where the call of heights conflicts with humanity. For example, there is still a hundred meters to the top, the climber has almost no strength left, and a freezing person lies on the path. He urgently needs help. And the tourist understands that if you help this person, then he himself will no longer be able to be on the long-awaited peak. Help or step over a lying person? Unfortunately, many choose the latter. There is a story with a group of Japanese who met three people who were freezing. And they continued their ascent, thus leaving the unfortunate in trouble.

History of conquest

After it became clear in the middle of the 19th century that Everest is a planet, many people wanted to climb it. Geographic coordinates have become of interest to many adventurers. The situation with the conquest of this impregnable height was complicated by the fact that for many years the approach to it was limited by the governments of Tibet and Nepal. Mount Chomolungma is located just on their border. But under the influence of the world community, the highest peak was opened for climbing expeditions. But the huge height, cold, lack of oxygen and hurricane-force winds kept this shining peak intact for a long time. Attempts to achieve it failed time after time.

But at the end of May 1953, two travelers were the first to manage to climb to a height of 8848 m. They were members of the British expedition Tenzing and Lambert. After this historic ascent, climbers set many records related to Chomolungma. Here and climb to the top without an oxygen mask, and the study of new routes, and downhill skiing and snowboarding, and even climbing climbers with disabilities. One of them ascended on prostheses, the other, being completely blind.

Mount Everest has attracted people from all over the world since ancient times. Climbing it is fraught with many dangers and difficulties. However, neither the high cost of climbing, nor the huge load, nor even the fear of death stop numerous climbers climbing this majestic mountain.

(Tibetan version of the name) or Everest or Sagarmatha - the highest mountain in the world. The height of the "Roof of the World" is 8848 meters. For those who don't know , say, that in the Mahalangur-Himal range in the Himalayas, on the border of Nepal and China (Tibet Autonomous Region). However, the peak itself lies on the territory of China.

Mount Chomolungma - the highest peak in the world

Chomolungma has the shape of a trihedral pyramid, the southern slope is steeper. Glaciers flow down from the massif in all directions, ending at an altitude of about 5 km. partly part of the Nepalese Sagarmatha National Park.
At the top of the Chomolungma, there are strong winds blowing at speeds up to 200 km / h. The air temperature at night drops to -60°.

Chomolungma coordinates: 27°59’23″N 86°55’37″E.

Video from Everest

Mount Chomolungma: the etymology of the name

Translated from Tibetan, "Chomolungma" means "Divine (qomo) Mother (ma) of life (lung - wind or life force)", named after the Bon goddess Sherab Chzhamma.

In Nepalese, the name of the peak "Sagarmatha" means "Mother of the Gods".

English name given to Chomolungma - Everest(Mount Everest) was awarded in honor of Sir George Everest, the head of the Survey of British India in 1830-1843. This name was proposed in 1856 by George Everest's successor Andrew Waugh, at the same time as the publication of the results of his collaborator Radhanath Sikdar, who in 1852 first measured the height of "Peak XV" and showed that it is the highest in the whole world.

Mount Chomolungma: history of ascents

The first ascent of Chomolungma was made on May 29, 1953 by Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary through the South Col. They used oxygen devices.

In subsequent years, climbers from different countries of the world joined the conquest of the mountain - China, the USA, India, Japan, Italy.

Spring 1975 Chomolungma, photo which look further, is stormed for the first time by a women's expedition. The first woman to conquer Chomolungma was the Japanese climber Junko Tabei (1976). The first Polish woman and the first European to reach the summit was Wanda Rutkiewicz (1978). The first Russian woman to reach the summit was Ekaterina Ivanova (1990).

In May 1982, 11 members of the Soviet expedition of climbers conquered Everest, climbing the southwestern slope that was previously considered impassable, and 2 ascents were made at night. Prior to this, none of the climbers who were part of the expedition had climbed above 7.6 km.

In subsequent years, climbers from Great Britain, Nepal, South Korea, Austria and other countries climb Mount Everest again along the classic path of pioneers.

As a rule, it is conquered by climbers in oxygen masks. At an altitude of 8 km, the air is rarefied, and it is very difficult to breathe. The first to reach the summit without oxygen were the Italian Reinhold Messner and the German Peter Habeler in 1978.

Flying over the summit

In 2001, a French couple, Bertrand and Claire Bernier, flew down from the summit in a tandem glider.

In May 2004, the Italian Angelo D'Arrigo for the first time in the history of aeronautics made a hang glider flight over the top of the highest mountain in the world.

On May 14, 2005, test pilot Didier Delsalle successfully landed a Eurocopter AS 350 Ecureuil helicopter on top of the mountain. It was the first such landing.

In 2008, 3 skydivers landed on the summit by jumping from an airplane flying at an altitude of just under 9 km (142 m above the highest point of the mountain).

Ski slopes on Chomolungma

The first attempt to descend from the summit through alpine skiing was made in 1969 by the Japanese Miura. It didn't end the way he planned; Miura almost fell into the abyss, but miraculously managed to escape and survived.

In 1992, a French skier, Pierre Tardevel, skied down the slope of Everest. He left the southern peak, located at an altitude of 8571 m, and covered 3 km in 3 hours.

After 4 years, the Italian skier Hans Kammerlander descended from a height of 6400 m along the northern slope.

In 1998, the Frenchman Cyril Desremo made the first descent from the summit on a snowboard.

In 2000, Slovenian Davo Karnicar left Chomolungma on skis.

Chomolungma - currently climbing

Since the first ascent to the summit until 2011, more than 200 people died on its slopes. The bodies of the dead often remain on the slopes of the mountain due to the difficulties associated with their evacuation. Some of them serve as a guide for climbers. The most common causes of death: lack of oxygen, heart failure, frostbite, avalanches.

Even the most expensive and modern equipment does not always guarantee a successful ascent to the highest peak in the world. However, every year about 500 people try to conquer Chomolungma. In total, by the end of 2010, approximately 3,150 climbers had climbed the mountain.

Climbing to the top takes about 2 months - with acclimatization and setting up camps. Weight loss after climbing - an average of 10-15 kg. The main climbing season is spring and autumn, as there are no monsoons at this time. The most suitable season for climbing the southern and northern slopes is spring. In autumn you can climb only from the south.

At present, a significant part of ascents is organized by specialized firms and performed as part of commercial groups. The clients of these firms pay for the services of guides who provide the necessary training, equipment and, as far as possible, ensure safety along the way.

The cost of an all-inclusive climb (equipment, transport, guides, porters, etc.) averages between $40,000 and $80,000, with the climbing permit alone issued by the government of Nepal costing between $10,000 and $25,000 per person. (depending on group size). The cheapest way to conquer Chomolungma is from Tibet.

A significant proportion of travelers reaching the summit are now wealthy tourists with minimal mountaineering experience.

According to experts, the success of the expedition directly depends on the weather and the equipment of the travelers. Climbing the highest peak in the world continues to be a serious challenge for everyone, regardless of their level of preparation.

An essential role is played by acclimatization before climbing Everest. A typical expedition from the south side takes up to two weeks to climb from Kathmandu to the base camp at an altitude of 5364 m, and takes about a month to acclimatize to the height before the first attempt is made to the summit.

The hardest part of climbing Everest is the last 300m, nicknamed by mountain climbers "the longest mile on Earth". To successfully pass this section, you need to overcome the steepest smooth stone slope covered with powdered snow. No less difficult is the conquest, called the killer mountain. But, on the contrary, it is recognized as the simplest of the eight-thousanders of the Earth.

Chomolungma and ecology

The number of tourists visiting the mountain (not the summit) from Nepal and Tibet over the past ten years has been in the hundreds of thousands. The volume of garbage accumulated on the slopes of the mountain is so great that Everest is called "the highest mountain dump in the world."

According to ecologists, after tourists there is an average of 3 kg of garbage for each.

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I'm not a climber, but I like to wander in the mountains. At one time, the idea of ​​​​going to Everest did not leave me, because this is not a problem, if only there was money. While I can not afford this pleasure, but I hope my dream will come true.

Everest: other names and coordinates

Let's start with where the name "Everest" came from. The mountain got its name in honor of the Englishman George Everest, India's chief surveyor from 1832 to 1843. Surprisingly, George himself was categorically against this, because he did not see his name worthy of decorating the highest peak in the world. There are other names:

• Peak XV - so it was called by English geographers, before the name "Everest" was given.
• Sagarmatha is a name, translated from Nepalese, means "Divine mother".
• Shengmufeng is a name known among the Chinese.
• Chomolungma - the second name in Nepali - "Divine".
• Chomo-Kankar - "Goddess of white snow" - a name known in Tibet before the arrival of Europeans.

However, no matter how you name the mountain, its coordinates will remain unchanged: 27°59′17″ (N), 86°55′31″ (E). It belongs to the Main Himalayan Range, which runs between Nepal and China.

Everest - tourist mecca

Anyone can test themselves for strength, however, this pleasure is very expensive. To begin with, you still have to get to the foot, because the mountain is located in a remote area. Legally, the peak belongs to China, but it shares the income with Nepal, and it is not small, since the climbing permit alone will cost $20,000! But you still need to buy equipment, a tent, provisions, and most importantly, find an intelligent guide. In general, according to the most conservative estimates, such an undertaking will cost at least $ 75,000! Patience will also be required - the preparation process, acclimatization and breathing exercises will take at least 3 months.

You need to prepare seriously, because the mountain is famous for its unpredictable weather, avalanches and stones flying from the top. The one who nevertheless reaches the top will be met there by knocking down winds, rarefied air and frost at -70 ° C.

The path of the longest mountain belt of the Universe has been beaten through the whole of Eurasia. It, starting from the foot of the French Alps, extends all the way to the expanses of South Vietnam. The Himalayas are recognized as the highest ridge of the gigantic mountain range.

The majestic mountain looks like a grandiose petrified wave that has ascended into the sky. The crest of a wave frozen in stone is crowned by the Great Himalayas. In the main Himalayan range, stretching along the border of Tibet and Nepal, 11 peaks are connected. Each mountain range here has a height exceeding 8,000 meters.

Historical names of the highest mountain range

Here, in the "abode of eternal snows", on the lands of China, Mount Chomolungma is spread - the highest of the Himalayan "eight-thousanders" ridge. The giant mountain, which has soared into the sky to an incredible height, has two more names. The inhabitants of Nepal called her Sagarmatha - "Lord of the sky."

The Tibetans call the peak Chomolungma (in translation - "Goddess of the Earth"). For Europeans, it is the peak of Everest. They named the mountain that way when India was going through an era of colonization, being under the yoke of Great Britain, and the topographic service of the enslaved state was headed by Major D. Everest, who studied the colossal mountain system.

top of the world

The Himalayan massif is considered a unique place. In this marvelous corner are the sources of the Indus and the Ganges. Mount Chomolungma with its high status became known to the Chinese much earlier than to people from the New World. Tibetan monks at the northern foot of the "top of the sky" founded the monastery of Ronkbuk, which is still operating.

A majestic spectacle opens before a person entering the inner monastery courtyard - impressive mountain ranges of stunning beauty. The splendor of the grandiose peak is felt from the mountain passes adjacent to it and located for many kilometers from it.

Everest formation

The Himalayan range, according to geologists, was formed in the era of the split of the ancient mainland Gondwana. The mainland broke into plates. The Indian plate, moving in a northerly direction, came across the Eurasian fragment. In the zone of plate docking, the earth's crust was compressed and a huge fold was formed, which was called the Himalayas.

The Himalayan mountain system was formed by three grandiose steps, stretching from north to south. The “pre-Himalayas”, which form the southern step, have a lower height. The mountain ranges here are about 1000 m high.

The middle step is represented by massifs rising to 3500 m. In the northern part, the height of the mountain peaks ranges from 6000-8000 m. The width of the mountain ranges reaches 80-90 km.

The growth of the Himalayan range has not stopped so far. Scientists assure that the height of the Himalayas increases annually by 3-10 mm. There are 75 peaks in the mountain range, exceeding a height of 7,000 meters. The Nepalese Himalayas are recognized as the highest.

And Mount Chomolungma ascended above all the ridges. Where is its top? It rises above the boundless Chinese expanses. The highest peak of Everest is surrounded by other giant peaks that form a real "roof of the world" that holds the skies above the earth.

Everest Height

The mountain peak, proudly rising up from the eternal Himalayan snows, attracts tourists with its grandeur and bewitching beauty. Many climbers dream of conquering the steep slopes of a grandiose mountain range with the shape of a trihedral pyramid. Overcoming for them difficult mountain paths with a length of 8848 meters (such is the height of Mount Chomolungma) is a great honor!

The exact height of the peak was established by English topographers in 1852. Since then, many attempts have been made that would have refuted the primacy of Everest. However, they were debunked over and over again, because they all turned out to be insolvent.

While the bulk of the high peaks that make up the mountain complexes of the world were conquered by climbers, climbers did not know how to approach the "seven-thousanders" and "eight-thousanders" that formed Mount Chomolungma, Everest, if you like.

Climate on Chomolungma

The steepness of the southern slope is much greater than that of the other two. Snow does not linger on it, so the naked rock appears before the eyes of travelers. The rest of the slopes are covered by glaciers stretching up to 5,000 meters.

Specifying the coordinates of Mount Chomolungma, tourists understand that the climate on the "top of the world" is far from comfortable. When bad weather breaks out on a mountain range, it is very dangerous to stay in its open spaces. The thermometer freezes here at -60 0 C, and the wind whistles at a speed of 200 km/h.

Climbing Chomolungma

The magnetic attraction of the highest point on Earth is incredible. Climbers year after year go to the East, to where Mount Chomolungma is located, where the tip of its giant peak, piercing the clouds, is located. The temptation to conquer this peak is great, but only a few reach it.

The philosophy of Everest is harsh. The path to its peak is reserved for those who are fussy and hasty, unprincipled and careless. It often turns into a tragedy for them. The first climbers, who started climbing at the dawn of the 20th century, suffered a fiasco due to poor equipment. For the first time, Mount Chomolungma was conquered by people in 1953.

Climbers constantly compete in the difficulty of climbing Everest. Some try to climb the icy slopes in the middle of winter. Others, intending to climb to the top, refuse to grab oxygen. Emancipated women, united in a group, try to overcome the difficult path without men.

However, only Reinhold Messner surprised everyone. The recalcitrant Mount Chomolungma granted him a great favor - to set several records at the same time! He, climbing alone along the northern slope without oxygen, overcame the ascent to the top in 3 days. In 1992, 32 climbers climbed the peak as part of the Russian Lada-Everest team.

Rise of the end times

The success of the expedition depends not so much on the quality of the equipment, but on the climate, which determines the latitude and longitude of Mount Chomolungma (27°59′17″ N, 86°55′31″ E), as well as its height. In addition, climbers have to overcome mountain sickness that occurs when the air is highly rarefied.

About 500 travelers go to conquer the peak every year. The governments of the Celestial Empire and Nepal are not averse to making money on granting the right to climb the slopes of a harsh peak. Now almost all ascents are carried out on a commercial basis. Tourists agree in specialized firms on the organization of the ascent to the peak of Everest.

Professional guides accompany travelers to the very top. The service costs climbers $ 65,000. This amount includes training, providing the required equipment and ensuring safety (to the extent possible) on a laborious mountain route. It takes about 2 months to acclimatize and climb.